WWII Notes

WWII Notes PacketHitler Crushes Europe:In 2 months, Hitler Conquers most of EuropeMaginot Line: System of heavily armed bunkers along German/French border

Battle of BritainThe BlitzName for Germans constant bombing of London

American PoliciesInterventionismIsolationismHelp the AlliesStay out of Europes problems

Selective Service ActFirst peace time draft in U.S. history

Lend-Lease:President got the right to sell, lend or lease military supplies to any nation for defense purposes

Atlantic charterJoint public statement between Roosevelt and Churchill.

Japanese Threat IncreasesUN: United NationsAlliance: Japan made an alliance with Germany and Italy

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo AxisThey promised to defend one another if attacked by the United States

U.S. RespondsU.S. slowed then eventually stopped tradeYamamotos Plan: He suggested a direct attack on pearl harbor

Mobilizing the Home Front4 Freedoms1. Freedom of Speech and Expression2. Freedom of Worship3. Freedom from Want4. Freedom from Fear

Office of Civilian DefenseSlogan was An hour a day for the U.S.A

War Production BoardTheir job to exercise general responsibility over the nations economy

Gross National ProductDollar value of all goods and services produced

Wartime economyInflation: General rise in wages and pricesRationing: Coupons were needed to purchase many goods such as meat and butter

Paying for a costly war: Income tax now paid by everyoneWar Bonds: Certificates that promise the government would pay the holder the amount borrowed plus interest after the war is over.Labor UnionsLabor Unions: issued a no strike pledgeNew Workers: About 6 million women joined the workforce

Japanese Internment CampsPurpose: Round up 120,000 Americans of Japanese heritage and putting them into one of 10 internment camps.Interment camps: also called relocation camps

Locations10 total in the states of California, Iowa, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, and Colorado

Pearl Harbors effects: Last strawCamp ConditionsFood: Rationed 48 cents a dayNisei: American born JapaneseHomes: tarpaper covered barracks

Court CasesHirabayashi vs. United StatesKoremats vs. United StatesRights not violatedRights not violated

Important Years & statisticsLast Camp: Closed by 1945Nisei: 5,766 renounced their citizenship1968: Government gave reparations for lost property1988: Govt. gave 20,000 to each surviving internee

December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor attackedPearl Harbor was attackedMinorities in uniform: Many African Americans joined the war effort as cooks or laborers.

Germanys policy changes towards the Soviet UnionBeginning of the WarGermany and Soviet Union sign a non aggression pactLater during warPact broken: in 1942 when Germany attacks Russia.Battle of Stalingrad: More Russians died in one battle than the number of U.S. deaths in the whole war. 1942: Risky assault on north africa

General Erwin RommelNicknamed the desert foxInvasion: allies invaded Europe through N. Africa then Sicily1943: Italy announces unconditional surrender

D-Day: Codename Operation OverlordU.S. feared triple peril: attacks fromAbove (planes)SurfaceBelow (subs)

European FrontSonar Technology: used sound waves to locate and sink U-boatsBattle of the Bulge: Last great German offensive Allies won and entered Germany

Holocaust: Great DestructionHitlers final solution: were Death CampsAbout 6 million Jewish men, women and children were massacred.About 6 million Slavs, Gypsies, Communists, homosexuals and other civilians also murdered.

Roosevelt to TrumanVictory in Europe: is being led by the United States and Soviet UnionRoosevelt dies April 12, 1945: Truman becomes PresidentIsland hopping: U.S. strategy to capture key islands and build bases on themGuadalcanal: U.S. victory paves the way for more to followAtomic bombs:little boy dropped on Hiroshima2nd bomb dropped on Nagasaki