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WWII On the Homefront. Mobilization, Racial Tension, and effects. Manpower and Financing. More than 15 million men and women by 1945 Total cost? $330 billion 60% borrowed through sale of bonds 40% garnered through revenue-raising measures - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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WWII On the WWII On the HomefrontHomefront
Mobilization, Racial Tension, Mobilization, Racial Tension, and effectsand effects
Manpower and FinancingManpower and Financing
More than 15 million men and women by More than 15 million men and women by 19451945
Total cost? $330 billionTotal cost? $330 billion 60% borrowed through sale of bonds60% borrowed through sale of bonds 40% garnered through revenue-raising 40% garnered through revenue-raising
measuresmeasures– Graduated income tax, excise taxes, excess profit Graduated income tax, excise taxes, excess profit
taxestaxes National debt: $49 B (1941) to $260B (1945) National debt: $49 B (1941) to $260B (1945)
– See chart!See chart!
National Debt RisesNational Debt Rises
Supplies and MaterialsSupplies and Materials
War Production BoardWar Production Board Office of Economic Stabilization est. early Office of Economic Stabilization est. early
19431943 National War Labor BoardNational War Labor Board
– Smith-Connelly War Labor ActSmith-Connelly War Labor Act Office of Price AdministrationOffice of Price Administration
– RationingRationing Industrial ConversionIndustrial Conversion
– Henry Ford—Willow RunHenry Ford—Willow Run– Henry Kaiser– “Sir Launchalot”Henry Kaiser– “Sir Launchalot”
RationingRationing
Changes in American LifeChanges in American Life
Population shiftsPopulation shifts Impact on minoritiesImpact on minorities
– ““Just carve on my tombstone, here lies a black Just carve on my tombstone, here lies a black man killed fighting a yellow man for the man killed fighting a yellow man for the protection of a white man”protection of a white man”
– 1 million in armed forces (segregated)1 million in armed forces (segregated)– Charles Drew and blood plasmaCharles Drew and blood plasma– Movement to cities—Detroit Riot?Movement to cities—Detroit Riot?– A. Philip Randolph’s march—Executive Order A. Philip Randolph’s march—Executive Order
88028802– CORE, Double V Campaign!CORE, Double V Campaign!
Mexican AmericansMexican Americans
“zoot suit” riots Bracero Program
WomenWomen
19 million in workforce by 1945—19 million in workforce by 1945—many marriedmany married
““war brides”war brides” Enlistments: WACS, WAVES, WAF, Enlistments: WACS, WAVES, WAF,
WASPWASP
Garnering support for warGarnering support for war
Left largely to private sectorLeft largely to private sector Personal appeal and sacrificePersonal appeal and sacrifice War moviesWar movies Use of celebritiesUse of celebrities Executive Order 9066Executive Order 9066
Executive Order 9066Executive Order 9066
Location of Internment Location of Internment CampsCamps
The 442The 442ndnd Regiment and Regiment and ApologyApology
Entertainment and Entertainment and EscapismEscapism
SwingSwing HumorHumor PropagandaPropaganda
http://www.pbs.org/jazz/time/time_wwii.htm
The Letter, Jacob The Letter, Jacob Lawrence,1946Lawrence,1946
The Red Staircase, Ben The Red Staircase, Ben Shahn, 1946Shahn, 1946