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Tebervali(Svati)#2 (401)(5776)2015

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Tavs religiurad miiCnevs israelis mosaxleobis mexuTedi israelis mosaxleobis erTi mexuTedi iziarebs nacionalur-religiuri seqtoris azrs, rac wina wlebTan SedarebiT bevrad ufro maRali

maCvenebelia. rogorc MIGnews.com gvatyobinebs, amas adasturebs 27 ianvars israelis demokratiuli institutis mier gamoqveynebuli kvlevis Sedegebi, romelic aseve asaxavs nacionalur-religiuri sazogadoebis mimarTebas sxvadasxva religiuri xasiaTis sakiTxebze, rogorebicaa politika, mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli gegmebi, rabinebis gavlena sajaro politikaze, samoqalaqo qorwinebaze. gamokiTxva Catarda 2013 wels, masSi 978 ebraeli monawilebda, romlebic Tavs religiurebad miiCneven. winaT statistikis centraluri biuro amtkicebda, rom relig-iuri sazogadoeba Seadgenda mxolod 10% israelSi mcxovrebi ebraelebisas, magram axalma gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom nacionalur-religiuri seqtoris ZiriTad azrs iziarebs israelSi mcxovrebi ebraelebis 21% -i. 23% dan 53%- mde ebraelma ki ganacxada, rom saerTod ar iziarebs am mosazrebas.

ierusalimis mufTi: israelidan yvela ebraels movkveTavT ierusalimis saqalaqo prokuraturam sasamrTloSi waradgina braldeba ierusalimis 49 wlis mufTis - omar abu-saris winaRmdeg.rogorc, «Курсор» acxadebs, al-aqsas meCeTSi erT-erTi msaxurebis dros, mufTi abu-saram, romelic eWvmitanilia mkvlelobaSi, ganacxada:

„me mivmarTav ebraelebs da veubnebi maT, dadga dro rom israelidan amogkveToT Tqven yvela da Cven amas gavakeTebT, dadga dro TqvenTan brZo-lis. islamuri xalifati male mova ierusalimSi, isini gaanadgureben yvela ebraels, gaaTavisufleben palestinis wminda miwebs im codvebisgan, romelic Tqven moitaneT aq~.

merkeli ebraelebis mdgomareobas germaniaSi saxifaTod miiCnevsholokostis msxverplTa xsovnisadmi miZRvnil ceremoniaze sityviT gamovida germaniis federaciuli respublikis kancleri angela merke-

li. ceremonia mieZRvna osvenciumis sakoncentracio banakidan sabWoTa armiis mier patimrebis ganTavisuflebas. rogorc «Курсор» gvauwyebs, radiosadgur «Коль Исраэль“ mixedviT, merkelma aRiara, rom antisemitizmi Tanamedrove gemraniaSi dResac arsebobs da bolo periodSi gaaq-tiurebac SeimCneva. „is faqti rom germaniaSi ebraelebi isev damcirebis sagans warmoadgenen, aris Cveni qveynis sircxvili“- xazi gausva angela merkelma.

ebraelebis gareSe didi britaneTi ver iqneba didi britaneTi didi britaneTis Sinagan saqmeTa ministri tereza mei gamoexmaura kviris diskusias, romelic ganixilavda sakiTxs: aris Tu ara imisa saWiroe-

ba, rom britanelma ebraelebma sacxovreblad sxva adgili eZebon. rogorc gazeTi «Достижения», acxadebs, tereza meim ganacxada, ver warmoedg-ina rom dadgeboda dro, rodesac ebraelebi ifiqrebdnen didi britaneTidan wasvlaze da Sss did Zalebs moaxmars terorizmTa brZolas, raTa Tavidan aicilos iseTi teroristuli aqti, rogoric moxda parizSi.

didi britaneTis ebrauli saTvistomo, 2011 wlis monacemebiT, 26000 ebraelia, rac britaneTis mosaxleobis 0,5 % Seadgens. sityviT gamosv-lisas tereza meim dasZina. „me vici rom bevri ebraeli am qveyanaSi Tavs daucvelad grZnobs, Cven yvelam unda gavaormagoT Zalebi, rom gavnad-guroT, aRmovfxvraT antisemitizmi did britaneTSi.

manuel valsi: es aRar iqneba safrangeTi safrangeTis mTavrobis xelmZRvanelma manuel valsma interviu misca jefri goldbergis gamomcemlobas The Atlantic, da ganacxada, rom

dResdReobiT qveyana dgas ebraelTa masobrivi emigraciis winaSe. „Tuki 100 000 ebraeli datovebs qveyanas, es aRar iqneba safrangeTi, is dakargavs suls, ebraelebi ganicdian mijaWvulobas safrangeTisadmi da Cven isini unda davarwmunoT, rom aq cxovreba usafrTxoa. Cven es gadawyvetileba jer kidev 1789 wlis revoluciis dros miviReT da ebraelebi safrangeTis srulfasovan moqalaqeebad vaRiareT. es Cven mTavar principad rCeba dRemde“. valsi imedovnebs, rom frangebi SeZleben daarwmunon ebraelebi, darCnen safrangeTSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom antisemitizmisa da Zaladobrvi aqtebis zrdis Semdeg safrangeTi 7000 safrangeTis moqalaqe ebraelma datova, romlebic israelSi da-brundnen.

_ „ebraelebma iTamaSes sakvanZo roli safrangeTis istoriaSi, drodadro isini xdebodnen msxverpli devnisa, magram es ar Seedreba imas, rac moxda espaneTsa da sxva qveynebSi. Cven isini arasdros ar gagviZevebia, yovelTvis iyvnen safrangeTis kulturuli da politikuri mov-lenebis centrSi“ - irwmuneba valsi.

mTavrobis xelmZRvanelma aRiara antisemitizmis axali saxis arseboba, ramac daipyro safrangeTi. es damokidebuleba modis musulmanuri sazogadoebidan, romlebic afrikidan da axlo aRmosavleTidan Camovidnen da safrangeTis Rarib regionebSi dasaxldnen. valsma ganacxa-da: „mas ar sjera, rom agresiis gazrda gamoiwvia ebraelebis specoperaciam Razas seqtorSi. igi darwmunebulia, rom am movlenebs bevrad ufro Rrma fesvebi aqvs. ministri qveynis mosaxlebis winaSe aRniSnavs, rom maT aqvT ufleba akritikon qveynis (israelis) politika da Tavad qveyana, magram is, rac xdeba safrangeTSi, aris „radikaluri miuRebloba israelis saxelmwifos arsebobisa.“ premier-ministri Tvlis, rom antisionizmi niRabia, romlis qveSac imaleba antisemitizmi.

unda avRniSnoT, rom bolo 11 Tvis ganmavlobaSi dafiqsirda rekorduli maCvenebeli safrangeTidan repatrirebuli ebraelebis. es aris 6655 adamiani , 172% meti wina wlebTan SedarebiT, roca repatrirebulTa ricxvi Seadgenda 3292 adamians. am monacemebma gadaaWarba sabrZo-lo mdgomareobaSi myof ukrainidan repatrirebulTa ricxvs, rac 5700 adamians, anu wina wlebTan SedarebiT 154% Seadgens, xolo ruseTidan repatrirebulTa ricxvi 4500-ia.

israelis ambebi israelis ambebi israelis ambebi israelis ambebi

`Tanamedrove ebrauli dramaturgia~ kaxa bakuraZis „moZraobis TeatrSi” Tanamedrove dramaturgiis seriis axali gamocemis

prezentacia gaimarTa. gamomcemlobam „artanuji“ proeqtis farglebSi rigiT meoTxe, ebrauli dramaturgia gamosca. seriis pirveli wignis prezentacia daaxloebiT erTi wlis win, 2014 wlis 19 Tebervals gaimarTa. proeqtis farglebSi germanuli dramaturgiis ortomeuli, sparsuli da amjerad ukve ebrauli piesebi iTargmna da gamoica. wigni xuTi israeleli dramaturgis piesas aerTianebs, piesebi qarTul enaze mamuka buxrikiZem Targmna, krebulSi iehoSua sobolis „geto“, savion librextis `siyvarulis banaluroba“, xanox levinis „cxovrebis Wapani“, edna mazias àkrZaluli TamaSebi~ da iosef bar iosefis „rTuli adamainebi“ Sevida. prezentaciaze sityvebi warmoTqves: proeqtis avtorma Tamar kiknaveliZem, mTargmnelma mamuka bucxrikiZem, kulturis saministros warmomadgenelma nino kiknaZem da mweralma guram baTiaSvilma. gaimarTa „rTuli adamainebi“-s sajaro kiTxva. piesa axalgazrda msaxiobebma nina gorgasliZem, elizbar CxeiZem da beqa paikaZem warudgina sazogadoebas.

es proeqti kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros mxardaWeriT xorcieldeba.

2 m e n o r a Tebervali (Svati) №2, 2015 w.

2015 wlis 27 ianvars holo-kostis msxverplTa xsovnis dRi-sadmi miZRvnili RonisZieba sas-tumro „qorTiard mariotSi“ gaimarTa, romlis organizatore-bi saxalxo damcvelis aparati da saerTaSoriso fondi „lea“ iyvnen.

Sexvedris gaxsnisas saqarT-velos saxalxo damcvelma uCa nanuaSvilma stumrebs mouwoda wuTieri dumiliT pativi ecaT ho-lokostis msxverplTaTvis.

aucilebelia es sazareli da-naSauli samudamod aRibeWdos kacobriobis mexsierebaSi, ro-gorc sruliad gansakuTrebuli Setyobineba msofliosTvis, ro-gorc gansakuTrebuli gafrTx-ileba TiToeuli CvenganisTvis, rom radac ar unda dagvijdes aR-arasodes davuSvaT faSizmis, na-cizmis, rasizmis, genocidis, sxva momakvdinebeli antiadamianuri ideologiebisa da praqtikebis aRzeveba – ganacxada saxalxo damcvelma.

RonisZiebis monawileebs sity-viT saerTaSoriso fond „leas“ xelmZRvanelma marine solo-moniSvilma mimarTa. man aRniSna, rom wels auSvicis gaTavisu-flebis 70 da gaeros mier 27 ian-vris holokostis msxverplTa xsovnis saerTaSoriso dRed dawesebis 10 wlisTavi aRiniS-neba. xazi gausva rom osvencimis fotoebi, romlebic virtualur fonad gasdevda mis gamosvlas, kidev erTxel gvaxsenebda osven-cimSi tanjviT daRupul milion-obiT adamians, romelTa Soris umravlesoba evropeli ebraele-bi iyvnen. amavdroulad, mniS-vnelovania gavixsenoT isini, vinc meore msoflio omis wlebSi, am araadamianur pirobebSi ar dakar-ga adamianoba, maT da sakuTari si-cocxlis riskis fasad gadaarCina ebraelebi, romelTac „msoflios xalxTa wmindanebs“ uwodeben, saqarTvelodan aseTia sergo met-reveli. wels holokostis msxver-plTa xsovnis saerTaSoriso dRe aRiniSneba TemiT `Tavisufleba, cxovreba, da memkvidreoba vinc gadarCa~ da pativiscemis niSnad moiwvia holokostis msxverpli q-ni enta cimbeli.

q-ma enta cimbelma Tqva, rom TviTmxilvelia imdroindeli genocidis da Zaladobis. 1942 wels, rodesac nacistebma ukrain-is okupacia moaxdines, igi patara gogona iyo. bundovnad axsovs rogor axrCobdnen xeebze ebrae-lebs, awamebdnen da tyved mihyav-daT, iyo saSineli SimSili. dedas-Tan erTad man gaqceva moaxerxa taSkentSi. 1975 wlidan TbilisSi cxovrobs. umZims gaxseneba da mouwoda damswreT ar dauSvan ho-lokostis ganmeoreba.

RonisZiebaze sityviT gamov-idnen gaeros mudmivi warmo-madgeneli saqarTveloSi nils skoti, israelis sagangebo da sruluflebiani elCi iuval fuqsi, poloneTis sagangebo da sruluflebiani elCi andrJei CieSkovski, aSS-is sagangebo da sruluflebiani elCi riCard norlandi, evrokavSiris warmo-

madgenlobis xelmZRvaneli ianoS hermani, saqarTvelos parlamen-tis vice-spikeri manana kobaxiZe, Tbilisis sakrebulos Tavmjdo-mare giorgi alibegaSvili.

israelis sagangebo da srulu-flebianma elCma saqarTveloSi iuval fuqsma Tavis sityvaSi Tqva: àm TariRis aRniSvna mxolod ebraelebisa da israelisTvis araa mniSvnelovani, es aris saer-TaSorisod mniSvnelovani dRe.yoveldRiurad sul ufro nakle-bi adamiani rCeba, vinc gadaurCa sakoncentracio banakebs da ho-lokosts, Cveni valia, maTi isto-riebi movisminoT da gadavceT STamomavlobas~.

aSS-s sagangebo da srulufle-biani elCma riCard norlandma saubrisas gaixsena skolis wlebi, rodesac man da misma mamam, ro-melic muSaobda aSS-is saelCoSi niderlandebSi, daaTvalieres ana frankis saxli, misi dRiuri utyu-ari sabuTia genocidis da Zalado-bis, rac ganaxorcieles nacisteb-ma meore msoflio omis dros. am STabeWdilebam samudamod gansaz-Rvra, rom mniSvnelovania brZo-la faSizmis da antisemitizmis gamovlinebis winaaRmdeg, raTa ar davuSvaT sazogadoebis mier Za-ladobis ganmeoreba.

poloneTis sagangebo da sru-luflebianma elCma andrJei CieSkovskim, SekrebilT Seaxsena arqimandrit grigol feraZes gmiroba, romelmac gadaarCina ebraelebi da polonelebi nacis-turi okupaciis dros. igi aRiare-bulia, rogorc wmindani saqarT-velosa da poloneTis eklesiebis mier.

gaeros mudmivma warmomadgene-lma saqarTveloSi nils skotma ganacxada, rom holokostis dRis aRniSvna ara mxolod pativiscemis gamoxatulebaa, aramed mogviwo-debs, raTa wevrma saxelmwifoebma qmediTi nabijebi gadadgan anti-smitizmis da rasizmis winaaRmdeg, ganaviTaron holokostis xsovnis da cnobierebis amaRlebis sagan-manaTleblo programebi, raTa msgavsi borotmoqmedebis ganmeo-reba ar dauSvan momavalSi.

evrokavSiris warmomadgenlo-bis xelmZRvanelma ianoS her-manma damswreT Seaxsena, rom nacistur ideologia mizanmimar-Tulad anadgurebda ebraelebs, boSebs, invalidebs, seqsualur umciresobebs da sxva msxverplT.

mniSvnelovania adamianis uf-le bebis dacva Tanamedrove eta-pze, raTa sazogadoebam ar dauS-vas adamianis Cagvra erovnuli, Tu sxva niSniT.

saqarTvelos parlamentis vi-ce-spikerma manana kobaxiZem ga-nacxada:

_ Cven moxaruli varT, rom saqarTveloSi arasdros ar yo-fila antisemitizmi. qarTvel da ebrael xalxs Soris aris mraval-saukunovani megobruli urTier-Toba, rac Zalian mniSvnelovania. dRes erToblivad aRiniSneba es samwuxaro TariRi, xsovna naciz-mis udanaSaulo msxverplTa, tra-gedia, romelsac 6 milioni ebrae-

li da asobiT aTasi sxva erovnebis adamiani emsxverpla meore msoflio omis dros. samwuxarod, axlac aris konfliqtebi saqa-rTveloSi, ukrainaSi da sxvagan, rezedac drouli reagirebaa saWiro.

Tbilisis sakrebulos Tavmj-domarem giorgi alibegaSvilma gamosvlisas xazi gausva, rom bevr qveyanaSi ebraelebi daxoces mx-olod imitom, rom isini ebraele-bi iyvnen. am mxriv, saqarTvelo aris istoriulad toleranto-bis modeli, ebraelTa mimarT da saerTod erTa Soris megobro-bisa.

gamomsvlelebma menoraze san-Tlebi daanTes da pativi miages holokostis dros daRupuli 6 milioni ebraelis, 2 milioni bo-Sas da nacisturi reJimis yvela sxva msxverplis xsovnas.

meore msoflio omis dros na-cisturi germaniis msxverplTa sulis mosaxseniebeli locva waikiTxes rabi avimelex rozenb-latma, rabi meer kozlovskim da qoenma rafiel mesingiserma.

israels saelCos mxardaWeriT Sexvedraze warmodgenili iyo foto gamofena _ holokostis TemasTan dakavSirebiT marine solomoniSvilis naxatebi iyo gamofenili. man aRniSna,rom xe-lovnebis TvaliT danaxuli ho-lokosti mniSvnelovania da erT-nairad aRiqmeba yvela asakisa, Tu erovnebis warmomadgenlisaTvis. holokostis mudmivad Sexseneba mniSvnelovania, raTa msgavsi ram aRarasodes ganmeordes.

RonisZiebas eswrebodnen dip-lomatiuri korpusis, saxelm-wifo uwyebebis da ebrauli orga-nizaciebis, sxvadasxva religiaTa da erovnul umciresobaTa sab-Woebis wevrebi, saqarTvelos ara-samTavrobo organizaciaTa war-momadgenlebi da media.

RonisZiebis mxardamWerebi iy-vnen israelis saelCo saqarT-veloSi da aSS-is saerTaSoriso saagentos (USAID) mier dafinan-sebuli saqarTvelos gaeros aso-ciaciis (UNAG) proeqti „erovnu-li integraciis gaZliereba“.

holokostis msxverplTa xsovnis dRe TbilisSi

gaeros generaluri asambliis mier 2005 wels miRebuli rezolu-ciis Tanaxmad, 27 ianvari holo-kostis msxverplTa xsovnis dRed gamocxadda _ 1945 wlis 27 ian-vars erT-erTi yvelaze didi sa-koncentracio banakis, auSvicis, aTasobiT tyve gaaTavisufles.

m. solomoniSvilisnaxatebi

3m e n o r aTebervali (Svati) №2, 2015 w.

_ gTxovT gaecnoT Cveni gazeTis mkiTxv-els. sainteresoa mogviTxroT ra moxda Tqvens cxovrebaSi, ramac radikalurad Secvala Tqveni msoflmxedveloba da gaxdiT religiuri. magram jer mainc biografiidan daviwyoT.

_ me var ioseb davaraSvili. davibade 1986 wlis ivlisis TveSi, 17 Tamuzs. warmoSobiT var goreli. gavizarde tradiciul ebraul ojaxSi. Cemi gatace-ba iyo fexburTi. Zalian miyvarda sportis es saxe-oba. Semdeg Cemi daJinebuli TxovniT, Semiyvanes fexburTze. vTamaSobdi saqarTvelos ramdenime klubSi, cota xani TamaSi momiwia israelSi, magram sistematiurma travmianobam iZulebuli gamxada, Tavi damenebebina fexburTisTvis. myavs deda, mama, da. Cavabare Tbilisis saxelmwifo erovnul univer-sitetSi (seu) sabanko-safinanso biznesisa da mar-Tvis fakultetze. universitetis damTavrebisas moviyvane coli, Cemi meore naxevari im periodSi swavlobda ebrael gogonaTa kolejSi. misi wre iyo religiuri. es xalxi nel-nela damiaxlovda. mec mindoda maTTan axlos yofna. gamiCnda bevri kiTxva, davinteresdi raRac-raRacebiT religiur sfer-oSi da SeiZleba iTqvas, Zalian male mivxvdi, rom ebraeli adamianis misia am samyaroSi aris erTad-erTi, - emsaxuros RmerTs. daviwye maqsimalurad yvelafris gakeTeba, rac evaleba da rac unda gaake-Tos ebraelma adamianma. RvTis mcnebiT TiToeuli ebraeli iZulebulia, gvinda Tu ar gvinda, Sevasru-loT es micvebi.

_ ratom TvliT amas iZulebad?_ es iseTi raRacaa. RmerTma dagavala, rom Sea-

srulo._ dagavala, magram aris saqme, romelsac sia-

movnebiT asruleb?_ es iZuleba unda iyos Serwymuli siamovnebas-

Tan. ra Tqma unda, amas akeTeb da Tan iReb Zalian did siamovnebas.

_ anu es swori formulireba ar aris. unda geTqvaT „valdebuleba“?

_ adamianisTvis yovelTvis Znelia, roca gai-Zuleben, magram roca valdebuli xar da akeTeb, amiT principSi vfiqrob, rom iReb did siamovnebas. RmerTi brZandeba absoluturi sikeTe. man Seqmna suli da Camoiyvana, raTa adamiani darCeniliyo si-wmindeSi. RmerTisgan yovelwamierad modioda abso-luturi sikeTe sulis mimarTulebiT. im momentSi suls ar hqonda imis saSualeba, sikeTe sikeTiT dae-brunebina. RmerTma Camoiyvana suli am samyaroSi, raTa suls hqonoda saSualeba, rogorc adamians, Seesrulebina 613 mcneba. RmerTi gakeTebuli sik-eTisTvis samagieros ar iTxovs. RmerTs ar sWird-eba es sikeTe, es isev adamianisTvis aris saWiro, rom dayvedrebuli ar darCes. yoveldRiurad rom vin-mem gagikeTos sikeTe, raRac diskomfortis grZnoba geqnebaT, rom Tqven ver ubrunebT sikeTes da yov-elTvis, ase vTqvaT, imis gancdaSi iqnebiT, gagiC-ndeT saSualeba, rom im adamians gaukeToT sikeTe. calmxrivi, rom ar iyos. da es 613 micva, iZulebuli xar Seasrulo. samyaros sikeTis principi swored amazea dafuZnebuli. iZulebiT aravin ar dagadgeba iaraRiT, rom Seasrulo. iZuleba brWyalebSi, ro-gorc Tqven aRniSneT, aris yvelaze didi siamovne-ba am samyaroSi, rasac akeTeb. amaze me Zalian didi Tema maqvs da amas aq ar movyvebi, magram principSi es aucileblad unda Sesruldes. yvela rabini amas ar asrulebs, valdebulia, magram ar asrulebs. ratom ar asrulebs? ar unda da ar asrulebs. imitom rom iZulebulia da ar asrulebs. arada icis yvelam, rom es unda gaakeTos.

_ anu gaazrebulad akeTebT amas yvelafers. ra Seicvala Tqvens cxovrebaSi da rogori gaxda Tqveni cxovreba religiuri swavlebis Semdgom? da rac yvelaze mTavaria, amaSi Tqveni meore nax-evaria CarTuli, rogorc mivxvdi.

_ diax._ anu Tqvenma meore naxevarma migiyvanaT?.._ ara. ubralod is im sazogadoebaSi iyo. Cemi

meuRlis mama araebraelia, Cemi ojaxis wevrebic ar arian religiurebi. aranair kavSirSi ar arian religiasTan. ubralod, Cemi meuRlis garemom-cveli sazogadoeba aRmoCnda aseTi, - rabinebi da morwmuneebi da es aris yvelaze didi bedniereba am cxovrebaSi. Tora es aris, ase vTqvaT, cxovrebis instruqcia. ici rogor icxovro da pirveli amo-savali wertili is aris, rom swavlob rogor unda icxovro ise, rom ar iyo codvili. TiToeul Cven-gans hgonia, Tu kacs ar klaven, danaSauls ar Cadian. es aris sakmarisi, rom kargi adamiani da ucodveli iyo. imisaTvis, rom ucodveli iyo, absoluturad yvela kanoni, RmerTis yvela mcneba unda Seasrulo. ase vTqvaT, „iZuleba“, rasac gvaiZulebs RmerTi

amis SesrulebiT, Cven viRebT Zalian didi bed-nierebas. es aris didi ojaxuri bedniereba xalxTan urTierTobaSi da yovelTvis gaqvs survili is bed-niereba, rasac Sen ganicdi, aswavli da uziareb sx-vebs. magram, ra Tqma unda, aris uamravi dabrkoleba. yovelTvis xar TeTri mtredi Tu Savi yvavi rodesac iseTi adamiani, rogoric me var, religiuri xdebi. sityva morwmunis xsenebisas yovelTvis kamaTi miw-evs. ebraeli unda iyos morwmune. ar aris aseTi gage-ba, religiuri ebraeli...

_ anu ebraelSi rwmena unda idos dabadebi-danve?

_ ra Tqma unda. es devs yvela ebraelSi. magram rodis iRviZebs es grZnoba...

_ TqvenTan ra asakSi movida?_ CemTan 25 wlis asakSi. zogs hgonia, rom relig-

iuri gavxdi. ara, es ase iyo. ebraeli Tu xar niSnavs, rom xar RmerTis Svili, RmerTis rCeuli eris Svili xar da Sen unda iyo RmerTis mona. Tu ar xar Rmer-Tis mona, e.i. xar adamianis mona. da Tu xar RmerTis mona, Sinaganad absoluturad Tavisufali xar.

_ sad euflebiT religiur swavlebas. vin aris Tqveni xelmZRvaneli?

_ Cveni organizacia, sadac Cven vmuSaobT, aris axalgazrduli organizacia ebraeli gogonebisa da biWebisaTvis, axalgazrda wyvilebisaTvis.

_ es nebayoflobiTi gaerTianebaa?_ rasakvirvelia „olami“ axalgazrduli or-

ganizaciaa, romelsac aqvs israelis mxaresTan Se-Tanxmeba, saidanac xdeba dafinanseba. dilis saa-TebSi mimdinareobs Toris swavleba biWebisTvis, saRamos _ biWebi da gogonebi erTad, wyvilebis Sekreba. Zalian bevr karg saqmes akeTebs Cveni or-ganizacia. gvaqvs israelsa da saqarTvelos masSta-biT eqskursiebi, religiuri TvalsazrisiT. Zalian bevri ojaxi Seiqmna. am yvelafris sulisCamdgmeli aris rabi aron mdinaraZe. erT-erTi xelmZRvanelia aron janaSvili. me daarsebis dRidan am organizaci-aSi var, Cemi meuRlec am organizaciis wevria. prin-cipSi es organizacia emsaxureba imas, rom ebraeli axalgazrdoba daayenos swor gzaze. amboben, rom religiis gzaze, rwmenis gzaze, magram me ase vityo-di, rom davayenoT im gzaze, romelzec unda idgnen Tavidanve da agrZelebdnen cxovrebas.

_ yvela adamiani raRacis rwmeniT cxovrobs. da RmerTis rwmena...

_ RmerTis rwmeniT, yovelTvis yvelaferi midis Zalian kargad da imedia, rom aseve gagrZeldeba.

_ ra tipis proeqtebi gaqvT. savaraudod, re-ligiuri?

_ ara marto religiuri, aseve SemecnebiTi. mag-aliTad, bavSvebi waviyvaneT boulingis centrSi gasarTobad. iq wyneTSi dasasveneblad. CavatareT seminari bakurianSi. magram es yvelaferi garkveul CarCoSia Camjdari.

_ rogori ganrigi gaqvT kviris ganmavlobaSi?_ swavlas viwyebT kviras. gvaqvs 10-dan 14 saa-

Tamde Toris swavleba, mere ieSiva. 18 sT-dan 20 sT-mde aris biWebis da gogonebis TavSeyris adgili, sadac pirveli naxevari Sekrebisa, aris Toris nax-evarsaaTiani leqcia, bolos ki gasarTobi progr-amebi. es aris yovel kvira dRes.

yoveldRe, kviridan xuTSabaTis CaTvliT, aris Toris swavleba.

orSabaTs programis saxiT araferi gvaqvs. samSa-baTs 7 saaTidan 9-10 sT-mde dasaojaxebeli da dao-jaxebuli wyvilebi modian. oTxSabaTs saRamos ukve mxolod biWebi modian. calke leqcia tardeba. xuT-SabaTi Tavisufalia. ZiriTadi datvirTva modis kvira-samSabaTze. gvaqvs eqskursiebi, seminarebi. paraskevs vemzadebiT SabaTisTvis da SabaTis si-wmindiT Semosilebi varT. vakeTebT imas, rasac unda akeTebdes nebismieri ebraeli. Tu aris saSualeba, salocavSi mivdivarT diliT da saRamos. ZiriTadad ki visvenebT da yoveldRiuri rutinisagan vTavisu-fldebiT.

_ Tqveni statusi am organizaciaSi?_ am organizaciaSi var daarsebis dRidan, 2012

wlidan. _ saidan wamovida am organizaciis daarsebis

idea?_ es idea wamovida rabi aaron mdinaraZisagan.

israelis mxaremac Tanxmoba misca da vfiqrob, rom axalgazrdebis rwmenis ganmtkicebis saqmeSi didi saqme keTdeba. am organizaciaSi yvela standarti aris daculi religiuri unar-Cvevebisa.

_ anu Tqveni roli am organizaciaSi?_ Cven, organizatorebi, iseve vswavlobT, ro-

gorc yvela. me, Cemi profesiidan gamomdinare, var momaragebis menejeri, veuflebi Toras. garda ami-sa, maqvs Cemi mcire biznesi, _ qaSeri yvelis war-

moeba. am produq-tze iyo deficiti. 2 weliwadze metia vawarmoeb qaSer yvels. me TviTon gamiCnda amis ga-keTebis survili, yvelis damzadebis process me TviTon veswrebi, rom ar moxdes raime cdomileba yvelis warmoebis teqno-logiaSi. Cven warmoebul produqcias aqvs Tavisi segmenti. moTxovna didia.

_ ra mxriv SeicvaleT da ra Seicvala Tqvens cxovrebaSi religiaSi misvlis Semdgom?

_ pirvel rigSi, aRvniSnav, rom sakuTari Tavi vi-povne. albaToba imisa, rom yovel nabijze davuSva cxovrebiseuli Secdoma, aris minimumamde dayvani-li. mTavari principi is aris, rom akeTo madli.

_ vfiqrob, yvela religiaSi asea?_ geTanxmebiT, yvela religiaSi asea. magram

moiyvano es moqmedebaSi Zalian rTulia. da Toris swavla gaswavlis imasac, rogor unda moiyvano es yoveldRiur, sistematiur qmedebaSi. es SegiZlia moiyvano qmedebaSi, Tu Seasruleb 613 micvas, ra-sac RmerTi gvavalebs Sesasruleblad, Tundac amis Sesruleba „iZulebiTi“ iyos. Tu am micvebs asru-leb yoveldRiurad, SegiZlia Zalian didi madli gaakeTo. ara mxolod is, rom daexmaro gaWirve-buls, TiToeuli madli is micvaa, romelic daga-vala RmerTma. amis Sesruleba eniT auwereli didi madlis gakeTebaa da Cven davalebuli „iZulebiTi“ misiis SesrulebiT RmerTs vaniWebT eniT auwerel siamovnebas, romlis warmodgenac adamians ar Seu-Zlia.

_ anu religias mTavari adgili uWiravs Tqvens cxovrebaSi, erT-erTi mTavari?

_ religia ara. modiT, vityvi ase: me var, ebraeli da vcxovrob ise, rogorc unda cxovrobdes ebrae-li. es minda, rom axalgazrdebmac gaigon, rom re-ligiiT adamiani ar iStampeba, rogorc es hgoniaT da ar SeSindnen. yvelaze Tavisufali xar swored am dros. akeTeb yvelaze kargs, rasac unda akeTebdes ebraeli adamiani. Toris swavlebiT xdebi adamiani. Tu ar ici Tora da ar swavlob Toras, gageba „kargi adamiani“ sruliad gaucnobierebelia. ar xar sru-lyofilebasTan miaxloebuli adamiani.

_ Tqven ambobT, rom srulyofilebisken is-wrafviT. mainc rogor mixvediT iqamde, rom Tora aris mTavari Tqvens cxovrebaSi?

_ me Zalian swrafad mivedi aqamde. bunebiT var Zalian frTxili adamiani. ToraSi aris iseTi akrZalvebi, romelTa SeusruleblobiT adamiani iRebs Zalian did sasjelebs. RmerTma pirdapir gviTxra, vinc ar daicavs Cems SabaTs, daisajos sikvdiliT. me amas 10 wlis asakSi ver davicavdi, Se-meSindeboda.

_ ki, magram vin mogawodaT es sulieri sazrdo ase?

_ me movxvdi rabebTan, Zalian brZen xalxTan, vinc es yvelaferi kargad icis da am mcnebebiT cxovrobs sulierebaSi. axla ukve gverdSi myavs Cemi maswavlebeli, Cemi rabi iakob daviTaSvili. me Zalian swrafad daviwye yvelafris swavla da am mxriv Zalian Zlieri aRmovCndi. praqtikaSi moyvana daviwye Zalian swrafad.

_ vfiqrob, rom sportma migiyvanaT aqamde. imi-tom rom sportsmenebi garda imisa, rom keTilsin-disierebi arian, Zalian didi pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba aqvT. es Tvisebebi, albaT, dagexmaraT Tqveni sulieri cxovrebis swrafad dauflebaSi?

_ ra Tqma unda, pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba yov-elTvis Zalian didi mqonda. dResac fexburTi Za-lian miyvars. patar-patara saqmeebiT jer kidev safexburTo saqmeebSi var CarTuli. Cveni safex-burTo saagento gvaqvs vakeSi. ambicia imisa, rom amiT saqarTveloSi icxovreb da Tavs gaitan, ar aris. es saagento aris saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yve-la segmentisTvis.

_ albaT, rwmena da sporti dagexmaraT bed-nierebis povnaSi?

_ samwuxarod, sportSi bedniereba ver vpove. mindoda didi fexburTeli gavmxdariyavi, magram saboloo jamSi me vfiqrob, rom is wlebi dakargu-lia, roca did fexburTSi vTamaSobdi. radganac am bednierebas viyavi moklebuli, es yvelaferi Tavis droze gamovtove.

_ gmadlobT.

Caiwera marine vasaZem

ioseb davaraSvili:

me var ebraeli da vcxovrob ise, rogorc unda cxovrobdes ebraeli!

(gvesaubreba axalgazrduli organizacia „olamis“ wevri ioseb davaraSvili)


rubrikas uZRveba profesori avTandil nikoleiSvili

ebrauli Tema qarTul mwerlobaSi

konstantine gamsaxurdia(werili mecxramete)

miuxedavad imisa, rom ebraul Temas konstantine gamsaxurdias (1891-1975 ww.) SemoqmedebaSi mniS-vnelovani adgili ar dauWeria, am sakiTxisadmi miZRvnili misi nawarmoebebi mainc gvaZleven imis SesaZleblobas, naTlad da ara-orazrovnad davinaxoT mwerlis xazgasmulad pativismcemluri damokidebuleba msoflioSi erT-erTi yvelaze tragikuli xvedris mqone am uniWieresi xalxisadmi. k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi Tumca epizodurad, magram mainc metad STambeWdavad da udide-si adamianuri TanagrZnobiTaa moTxrobili im devna-Seviwroebis dramatuli ambavi, rasac msofli-os sxvadasxva qveynebSi mimofan-tuli ebraelebi ganicdidnen sau-kuneTa ganmavlobaSi.

am SemTxvevaSi xazgasmiT aR-saniSnavi isicaa, rom mwerlis mx-atvrul nawarmoebebSic da weri-lebSic ebrauli Temis gaazreba qarTuli sinamdvilis masStabe-biT ar Semoifargleba da ebrael-Ta tragikul cxovrebiseul xve-drze msjelobis dros avtori ganzogadebulad warmoaCens maTi istoriuli da Tanadrouli yo-fis yvelaze mniSvnelovan epizo-debs.

rogorc k. gamsaxurdias lit-eraturuli memkvidreobis Ses-wavla adasturebs, ebrauli Temisadmi interess igi mTeli Tavisi xangrZlivi SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis ganmavlobaSi iCenda aSkarad gamovlenili keTilgan-wyobilebiT. ebraeli xalxisad-mi mwerlis aseTi siyvaruliani damokidebuleba saliteraturo asparezze gamosvlis pirvelive wlebidan rom warmoCinda cxadad da araorazrovnad, es 1911 wels almanax `kolxidis~ pirvel no-merSi dabeWdili misi im leqsiTac naTlad dasturdeba, romelsac `simRera israelisa~ hqvia. ebrae-li kacis mier warmoTqmul am pa-triotul aRsareba-monologSi romantikuli emociuri paTosiT vlindeba israelisadmi, rogorc Tavisi maradiuli istoriuli samSoblosadmi, uwmindesi da fa-natikuri siyvarulis grZnoba:

àra, ar gavcvli me ierusalims, mdumar nangrevebs...… glovis sim-Reras, ucxo mxareSi cxovreba mimZims, amay roms varCev Cafer-flil keras.

iordanes wylis duduni glova, libanis tevris Sriali wynari, gulisa simebs Rrmad Caeqsova da aakvnesa mWmunvared qnari...

udardel siod msurs viqce... minda mswrafl gadavlaxo maRali mTebi, sions Sevwiro me msxver-pli wminda, gadaukocno mTa-bars kalTebi.

Sen mainc gaswi, laRo ocneba, gadamafrine zRude-sazRvari, kv-lav gamagone wminda galoba, kva-lad maCvene golgoTis jvari~.…

msoflios sxva xalxebisagan ebraelTa erovnuli gamorCeu-lobis ganmsazRvrel erT-erT umTavres niSnad k. gamsaxurdias maTi `rassiuli siwminde~ miaCnia. mwerlis azriT, `SesaZlebeli rom iyos iseTi aparatis gamogoneba, romelic ama Tu im erovnuli er-Teulis Seurevlobas zustad daadgendes, albaT verc erTi eri ver daiCemebda pirwminda ras-siulobas, garda ebraelebisa, romelTac Zlier specifikur garemoSi mouxdaT cxovreba~.

saukuneebis manZilze mSob-liur fesvebs mowyvetilma da mTel msoflioSi mimofantulma am mravaltanjulma xalxma, ro-melic iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda, mudam devnasa da Seviwroe-bas ganicdida, bevri erisagan gan-sxvavebiT, mainc SeZlo erovnuli TviTmyofadobisa da `rassiuli siwmindis~ SenarCuneba. am gare-moebis ganmsazRvreli umTavresi faqtori pirvel yovlisa `re-ligiuri fermenti~ iyo. marTa-lia, es `fermenti~ sxva `Zveli erebis formaciis~ procesSic um-niSvnelovanes rols asrulebda, magram ebraelebisa da danarCeni erebis erTmaneTisagan aseTi mkve-Tri `rassiuli~ gamijvnis ganma-pirobebeli faqtori is garemoeba gaxldaT, rom, sxva xalxebisagan gansxvavebiT, ebrauli erovneba da sarwmunoeba erTimeorisagan faqtobrivad arasodes yofila gayofili.

pirveli nawarmoebi, romelSic mweralma ebrauli Tema aqcia yu-radRebis sagnad, iyo 1913 wels gazeT ìmereTSi~ gamoqveynebuli statiebis seria `werilebi ger-maniidan~. rogorc cnobilia, k. gamsaxurdia imxanad germaniaSi imyofeboda umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad. araqarTul garemoSi mcxovrebi mwerali, romelsac sxvadasxva erovnebis adamian-ebTan uwevda urTierToba, misive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `raRac araCveulebrivi interesiT ak-virdeboda ebraelTa axalgazr-dobas~. ar SevcdebiT, Tu vityviT, rom ebraelTa mimarT gamovleni-li misi amgvari interesi saTaves im keTilmezobluri urTierTo-bebidan iRebs, saqarTveloSi rom damkvidrda myar tradiciad qa-rTvel da ebrael xalxebs Soris.

mwerlis zemoT moxseniebuli `werilebi~ im dros iwereboda, roca ebrauli saxelmwifos Se-qmnis sakiTxi jer kidev ocnebis sagans warmoadgenda. naklebad realuri Canda `marto Zvel wignebSiRa~ gadarCenili ebrael-Ta uZvelesi enisaTvis axali sa-sicocxlo funqciis miniWebac. es saWirboroto sakiTxebi imx-anad marto ebraelTa Soris rodi iyo qceuli mZafri gansjisa da kamaTis sagnad. sxva mniSvnelo-van sakiTxebTan erTad, k. gamsax-urdias `werilebSi~ aRniSnul problemebTan dakavSirebiTac maxvildeba yuradReba da mwera-li sakuTari TvalTaxedviT sjis maTi realuri gadawyvetis per-speqtivebs.

ebrauli sakiTxiT k. gamsax-urdias dainteresebam Tavise-buri formiT `dionisos Rimil-Sic~ (1925 w.) pova gamoxatuleba. pirvel yovlisa, swored am Tval-sazrisiT ipyroben yuradRebas romanis is epizodebi, romleb-Sic vitenzonis cxovrebis am-

bavia moTxrobili. nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis _ konstan-tine savarsamiZis mier parizis erT-erT kafeSi SemTxveviT gac-nobili es axalgazrda kaci ode-seli iuveliris Svili aRmoCnda, bolSevikebis mier ekonomikurad ganadgurebuli ojaxis warmomad-geneli, saswavleblad da bedis saZieblad parizSi gadaxvewili uTvistomo emigranti. romanis mTavari gmiri pirveli Sexve-drisTanave udidesi adamianuri TanagrZnobiT ganimsWvala uki-dures materialur gasaWirSi Ca-vardnili ebraeli Wabukisadmi da mas megobruli daxmarebis xeli gauwoda.

rogorc nawarmoebidan naT-lad Cans, vitenzonisadmi savars-amiZis keTilganwyobiT damokide-bulebas sxva faqtorebTan erTad misi ebraelobac mniSvnelovan-wilad ganapirobebs. Tavis mxriv, vitenzonic guliT miendo axal-gacnobil qarTvel megobars da daufaravad mouTxro sakuTari Tavgadasavali. miuxedavad imisa, rom savarsamiZis aqtiurma Tanad-gomam vitenzons mis winaSe mdgari umZimesi finansuri problemebis mogvarebis SesaZlebloba misca, sabolood igi mainc uZluri aR-moCnda, sulieri sasowarkveTi-saTvis Tavi rom daeRwia, ris ga-moc sicocxle TviTmkvlelobiT daamTavra. mravlismTqmelia is faqti, rom tragikuli cxovrebi-seuli bedis mqone am uTvistomo adamianis erTaderTi Wirisufali da damtirebeli faqtobrivad mx-olodRa konstantine savarsamiZe gamodga, misi cxovrebiseuli Wir-varamis gulwrfelad gamziarebe-li qarTveli kaci.

evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi cxovrebis wlebSi k. gamsaxur-dias mraval ebraelTanac hqonda axlo megobruli urTierToba. misTvis principulad miuRebeli iyo is mkveTrad antagonisturi damokidebuleba, romelic kul-turuli ganviTarebis maRal doneze mdgari am qveynebis bevr moqalaqes hqonda ebraelobisad-mi. maTgan gansxvavebiT, k. gamsax-urdia ebraeli eris mimarT mu-dam did pativiscemas iCenda da SeZlebisdagvarad ewinaaRmdege-boda antisemitizmis yovelgvar gamovlinebas. ai, ras werda amas-Tan dakavSirebiT Tavad mwerali mogonebaTa wignSi `landebTan lacici~: `me arasodes vyofilvar antisemiti, mudam didad vafaseb-di da vafaseb am maRalniWier ers~.

rogorc cnobilia, anti-semitizmma gansakuTrebiT far-To masStabebi SeiZina meore msoflio omis droindel germani-aSi. am tragikulma movlenam maSin aTasobiT udanaSaulo ebraelis sicocxle Seiwira. zemoTqmul-Tan dakavSirebiT aq minda mwer-lis novela `vercxlis beWedi~ gavixseno, romlis erT-erT frag-mentSi SemaZrwunebeli saxiTaa moTxrobili ebraeli tyveebis sikvdiliT dasjis ambavi. german-uli lazareTis axlad daniSnuli eqimi bokmaieri ebraelTa dauZ-inebeli mteri aRmoCnda. amis Ses-axeb lazareTSi myof tyve daWri-lebs saidumlod acnoba eqTanma mariam da ebraelebs urCia saime-dod daefaraT TavianTi erovneba.

avadmyofebis monaxulebis pirvelive dRes bokmaieri agresi-ulad Seecada ebraelTa vinao-

bis garkvevas, magram roca Zal-datanebiT amis gakeTeba ver SeZlo, taqtika Seicvala da Ta-visi qmedebis gasamarTleblad avadmyofebs am sityvebiT mimar-Ta: `gana ar iciT, Cven aRaras verCiT uriebs, Cveni fiureris ukanaskneli brZanebis Semdeg, Cven yovel religias saTanado pa-tiviscemiT vekidebiT, mxolod eg gvinda, sazrdo gavuumjobesoT uriebs. am lazareTSi Roris xor-cis meti araferi gvaqvs da ami-tomac gekiTxebiT.~

miuxedavad imisa, rom avad-myofTa Soris ebraelebic sakma-od iyvnen, isini bokmaieris cbier dapirebas ar endnen da Tavdapir-velad TavianTi ebraelobis ambavi ar gaamxiles. imis imediT, rom pi-robebs marTlac gaiumjobesebda, ebraeloba erT-erTma CrdiloeT kavkasielma avadmyofma daibra-la. bokmaieris brZanebiT, sxvebi-sagan gansxvavebiT, mas yoveldRi-urad marTlac dauwyes cxvrisgan damzadebuli kerZebis micema. am ambiT gaTamamebuli ebraelebi eqims oriode dReSi sakuTari surviliT gamoutydnen TavianT ebraelobaSi. samwuxarod, mesame dRes bokmaieris brZanebiT yvela maTgani cocxlad damarxes.

ebrauli Tema Tumca, Zalze fragmentulad, magram mainc, k. gamsaxurdias `vazis yvaviloba-Sic~ (1951-1955 ww.) aisaxa. mxedv-elobaSi maqvs romanis is epizodi, romelSic germanelTa sakoncen-tracio banakSi datusaRebuli sabWoTa tyveebis tragikuli am-bavia moTxrobili. am tyveTa So-ris Tormeti ebraeli rabinic imy-ofeboda. isini gulubryvilod miendvnen banakis xelmZRvan-elobis mier gakeTebul macdur gancxadebas imis Taobaze, TiTqos germanelebi pativs scemdnen maTss religias.

banakis xelmZRvanelebi rabi-nebs mzakvrulad iqve imasac dah-pirdnen, sul male rom gaaTa-visuflebdnen da ierusalimSi gaistumrebdnen. amgvari dapire-biT gaxarebuli rabinebi udidesi sasoebiT asrulebdnen locvis rituals. magram erT dRes, roca banakis xelmZRvanelobam isini kanalizaciis dazianebuli milis SesakeTeblad waiyvana, ebraeli RvTismsaxurebi sabolood dar-wmundnen imaSi, rom germanelTa mier micemuli piroba mxolod mzakvruli tyuili iyo.

ebraeli rabinebisadmi ger-manelTa aseTi mZulvare da cini-kuri damokidebuleba sabolood imiT damTavrda, rom es RvTismo-savi adamianebi, romlebic mTel Tavisufal dros locvaSi at-arebdnen, faSistebma Cveuli bar-barosobiT gamoasalmes sicocx-les.

vfiqrob, ganxiluli masala mkiTxvels naTel warmodgenas Seuqmnis im keTilganwyobil da pativismcemlur damokidebule-baze, romelic k. gamsaxurdias ebraeli xalxis mimarT hqonda. miuxedavad imisa, rom ebrauli Tema mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi mx-olod epizoduradaa gamovleni-li, avtori mainc axerxebs Tavisi proebrauli poziciis mkafiod gamoxatvas da ukompromisod gmobs antisemitizmis yovelgvar gamovlinebas.


kirosi, artaseqse da erekle II

babiloni rom daamarcxa, sparseTis mefe kirosma nabuqodonoseris mier tyved wasxmul ebraelebs gamoucxada, SegiZliaT mSobliur iudeas daubrundeTo. Tavisufleba 70 wliani tyveobis Semdeg movida.

iudeis ebraeloba erTob SeWirvebuli iyo, babilonTan omma qveyana ise gaaCanaga, vera da ver moiTqva suli, verc ricxobriv imravla.

TiTqmis rva aTeuli wlis Semdeg sparseTis sxva mefe, amjerad artaseqse, iudeis sulier liderad gzavnis rabi ezras.

mefe artaseqsem ezras, Turme, uTvalavi oqro-vercxli gamoatana solomoniseuli taZris aRsadgenad. sasaxlis karma ra dainaxa mefe ase gaisarjao, Tavadac kargad gaikra ji-beze xeli. ase, rom rabi ezra didZali saunjiT daubrunda iudeas. mefuri didsulovnebis da tolerantobis didebuli nimuSia dokumenti, romelic artaseqsem rabi ezras gamoatana: es oqro-vercxli mxolod taZris aRdgenas moxmardes, xolo imiT, rac taZris aRdgenis Semdeg dagrCebaT, `hqmeniT is, rasac Sen da Sens ZmaT Wkua-goneba gikarnaxebT~. es erTi. meore: da iqneb, ufro mniSvnelovanic: `xolo Sen, ezra, Seni RvTiuri sibrZniT dasvi mmarT-velni da msajulni, raTa maT gansajon mdina-ris gaRmeli xalxi. gansajon yvela, vinc ar Seasrulebs Seni RmerTisa da mefis kanonebs, dasajeT sikvdiliT, an gandevneT, an jarima daakisreT, an arada, bnelSi CaamwyvdieT!~

artaseqse didi, Zlieri pirovnebaa da sjera, rom sxvaTa RmerTi mis rwmenas ar gamoricxavs, arc Seuracxyofs.B bedniereba is aris, roca adamianebs aqvT survili da ufleba emsaxuron imas, vinc Tavad miaCniaT RmerTad.

gadis 23-24 saukune da qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle bagrationi daba suramidan iRebs erTi ebraeli qalbatonis – gvarad fiCxaZe – wer-ils. es fiCxaZe mefes wers: `mamaCemi gardaicv-ala, Cemma Zmebma mamaCvenis qoneba gaiyves da me araferi margunes. Sen yovlisSemZle mefe xar, iqneb, raime iRono, Cemi Zmebi gons moiyvano, rom mamis qonebidan Cemi wili miviRoo~.

rogorc xedavT, Zmebze dawerili erTi Cveu-lebrivi saCivaria. Zalze uCveulo da mrav-lismTqmelia erekle meoris pasuxi: gamgeb-elsa suramisasa. `Tu am qals moses rjulis mixedviT ZmaTagan wili ekuTvnis, mieceso~.

mefe erekle meoris es `rezolucia~ rom wavikiTxe, saxtad davrCi: aris saxelmwifo, saxelmwifos aqvs didi istoria, Tavisi kanonebi, hyavs uzenaesi piri – kanonmdebeli-ca da aRmasrulebelic da Tavis, adgilobriv aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas avalebs sakiTxi gansajos sxva eris, qveynis kanonTa mixedviT?

ra saerToa sparseTis mefe artaqsesa da qa-rTl-kaxeTis mefe erekles Soris? saxelmwi-foc hqondaT, kanonmdeblobac, Zalac mosdev-daT, magram maTi Sexedulebebi, humanisturi idealebi kanonsac ki sZlevda. aseTi idealebi didbunebriobasa da sikeTis qmnaSi ibadeba.

jorjtaunissinagogaSi

vaSingtonis sastumro `hiltonSi~ para-skev saRamos saSabaTo locva or darbazSi gaemarTaT. yovel did sastumroSi aris pa-tara sinagoga, aq ki ori darbazi gardaeqm-naT sinagogad _ erT darbazSi reformisti iudevelebi loculobdnen, meoreSi – konser-vatorebi eweodnen SabaTis wmindayofis rit-uals. reformistebs mivaSure – maintereseb-da, rogori gaxldaT locvis maTeburi wesi: aq rabi qali iyo – qali Semdgariyo ambionze da loculobda, locva locvobanas ufro hgavda – Semoklebuli, odnav Teatralizebuli.

mogvianebiT miTxres xval, SabaT diliT, jorjtaunis beiT qneseTSi (sinagoga) wavi-deT, aSS ebraeli senatorebi, kongresmenebi iq loculoben, radgan mag ubanSi cxovrobeno.

erTi keTilSobili kaci – sabWoeTidan 30 wlis winaTY wasuli sem kligeri migviZRoda. 3-4 kilometri sulmouTqmelad viareT. (Sa-baTs xom transportiT sargebloba ar SeiZle-ba!) da mdidar, Cinosani ebraelebiT savse beiT qneseTSic mivediT, Cinebuli nageboba gaxl-daT, mlocvelTa satelevizio reportaJebiT

saxeebi da situaciebi

nacnobi saxeebi mlocvelebisadmi met inter-ess aRZravda. dRes es adamianebic ewevian am udidesi, uZlieresi qveynis politikuri, Tu ekonomikuri cxovrebis Wapans. saxelmwifoTa bedi am adamianebis sityvaze, moqmedebazec aris damokidebuli. kargia, rom eseni ase ve-dreben RmerTs, RvTis gulwrfelad mavedre-beli kaci borotebas moerideba – nakleb saSi-Sia.

locvis damTavrebis Semdeg yvelam qveda sarTuls miaSura. am dros vpove amerikel da qarTvel ebraelTa kidev erTi ganmsxvavebe-li niSani: Cvenebi locvis gasrulebisTanave ojaxs, samsaxurs miaSureben, aq ki yvelani – mamakacebic, qalebic, axalgazrdebic, bavSve-bic qveda sarTulze iyrian Tavs, sadac msub-uqi sauzmea gaSlili: xili, Tevzeuli, wvenebi, namcxvari.A adamianebi erTmaneTs ebaasebian, ufro axlos ecnobian, sadReiso problemebze msjeloben, kamaToben kidec. erTi sityviT, momqancvel SromaSi gavlili kviris Semdeg beiT qneseTs saintereso Sexvedrebis klubad aiqceven. beiT qneseTis saxelwodebac xom amas gulisxmobs – saxli Sekrebisa – sakrebulo.

senatori jozef libermani zemoT Tavau-Reblad rom loculobda, axla aq Camosula da RimiliT ebaaseba romeliRac qalbatons. am kacze wamikiTxavs, erTob morwmunea, Saba-Tis wesebis didi damcvelio. Turme, erTxel senatSi muSaobisas, dro Tvalsadaxels Sua gamoparvia – ukve SabaTi dgeboda, manqanaSi aRar Cajda, jorjtaunamde ki didi manZili iyo, senatSi xom ver gaaTevda Rames. aSS vice-prezident el gors miupatiJnia: aqve, axlos vcxovrob, fexiT gadavalT, es SabaTi CemTan gaatareo. im SabaTs aSS vice-prezidenti el gori libermans lamis msaxurad dadgomia – Suqsac is unTebda da uqrobda, libermani rom liftSi ar Cajda, ramdenime sarTuli el gor-ma masTan erTad fexiT aiara.

sem kligerma libermanTan warmadgina – saqarTvelodan Camosuli mwerali gaxlavTo.

da moxda is, rac umetes SemTxvevaSi xde-ba erTmaneTisaTvis nacnobi, Tu ucnobi ebraelebis Sexvedrisas: j. libermanma xmadab-la, erTob Sinauruli intonaciiT, TiTqmis CurCuliT mekiTxeba:

_ eix saakaSvili le iudim? – saakaSvili rogori ariso ebraelebTan mimarTebaSi.

me vuTxari, yovel dResaswaulze gvstum-robs, erT-erT sanTels anTebs-meTqi. Cemi pasuxi eama da saqarTvelos yofaze gamiba saubari. cxovrebis sxvadasxva sfero aintere-sebda. cxadia, me yvela kiTxvas ver vupasuxeb-di, radgan aris sferoebi, romlebic ar vici. isev ebraelobaze rom gagrZelda laparaki, Cemma naTqvamma gaaoca: 26 saukunea saqarT-veloSi vcxovrobT, am qveyanaSi antisemitiz-mi ar yofila-meTqi. vigrZeni, ar damijera. gameRima. ratom iRimebio, mkiTxa. mivxvdi, rom ar damijereT-meTqi. mogvianebiT mekiTxeba, rogor SegiZliaT axsnaT, antisemitizmi ra-tom ar yofilao. mizezi bevria, mzad var, davsxdeT da gesaubroT-meTqi. guldaguli saubrisa albaT, an dro ar hqonda, an survili da mkiTxa: vgrZnob, eg qveyana giyvarTo, ra-sakvirvelia, qveyanac da xalxic – ramdeni ram gvakavSirebs-meTqi. mis mzeraSi iWvi gakrTa. `me amas saakaSvilis gagzavnili vgonivar, ara-da, saakaSvils sul erTxel Sevxvedrivar, isic arc Tu sasiamovno garemoebaSi~. karga xnis Semdeg mekiTxeba: `Tqven rom giyvarT gasage-bia, isini ris gamo gcemen pativs?~ jer erTi Cveni gamtanobis, meorec imis gamo, rom qa-rTvelebi qristianebi arian, Zalian didi xnis winaT ebraelebma saqarTveloSi qristiano-bis gavrcelebis saqmeSi lamis mTavari roli iTamaSes-meTqi. senatori daJinebiT momac-qerda. vgoneb, meti gaoceba mere movgvare:

– qarTveli mefeebi– bagrationebi Tavi-anT Tavs daviT da Slomo hamelexis (daviT da solomon mefeebi) STamomavlebad miiCnevdnen.

mere aRaraferi ukiTxavs. saubari amiT dam-Tavrda. ar vici, ra damijera, ra–ara, magram roca saqarTveloze mis gamonaTqvamebs vis-men, qarTvel politikosebTan mis Sexvedras vadevneb Tvals, ase meCveneba, arc Tu arasaim-edo kacad mimiCnia.

es ambavi manam xdeboda, sanam Cveni Semarcx-veneli _ qarTuli stumar-maspinZlobis dam-akninebeli aqti Sedgeboda, roca biznesmenebi sadilze dapatiJes da mwvadisa Tu xaSlamis Wamisas SesZaxes: `Tqven dapatimrebuli xarT!~

locvis Semdgomi trapeza grZeldebo-da. ezoSi rom gamovediT, aq qal-vaJni gan-calkevebuliyvnen, zogi sad da zogi _ sad Sexmatkbilebulad musaifobodnen, vigrZeni, erTmaneTs Tavs awonebdnen. rogorc Cans, jorjtaunis beiT qneseTSi SabaTobiT sapa-tarZloebis SeTvalierebac xdeba.

ukan, qalaqis centrisaken, auCqareblad movdiodiT. sem kligeri amerikul saarCevno sistemaze gvemusaifeboda.

uflis dRe

wminda hyav dRe igi SabaTi, eqvsi dRe iSrome, ofli Rvare, meSvide dRe ki uflisa iyoso, Ra-Radebs sinais mTidan moses mier Camotanili aTi mcnebidan erT-erTi.

diasporis ebraelebi SabaTis gansxvave-bulobas da gansakuTrebulobis arss sru-lyofilad ver vgrZnobT – adamiani, romeli religiisac ar unda iyos, cxovrebis ragvari wesiTac ar unda cxovrobdes, garemomcveli samyaros did zegavlenas ganicdis. diasporis ebraelobisaTvis ki garemomcveli samyaro Sa-baTsac igivea, rogorc orSabaTs, samSabaTs Tu xuTSabaTs.

SabaTis raobas mkafiod, TvalsaCinod is-raelSi Seicnob. Pparaskevs daRlili, Tavisive mxurvalebisgan gasavaTebuli mze rom ecleba misgan gaTangul quCebs, am mudam moZrav, fut-kris skasaviT axmaurebul, wuTisoflis saz-runaviT aforiaqebul qalaqebSi sulis mom-fonebeli simSvide isadgurebs. sul raRac naxevari saaTis ganmavlobaSi SeicnobT, Tu ra gansxvavebaa sadag dResa da uflis dRed Sesax-elebul SabaTs Soris: aRar moZraobs sazoga-doebrivi transporti, ixureba yvela sawarmo, organizacia, maRazia. koxtad morTuli, mz-eragabrwyinebuli adamianebi lamis fexakre-fiT mieSurebian salocavisaken. dasadgure-bul simSvides kanti-kuntad Cavlili manqanis Zravis xma Tu daarRvevs. is manqanac Caivlis da garemos isev simSvide efineba. locvad mi-mavalni Cavlil manqanas dananebiT, Tavis uk-mayofilo gaqneviT ayoleben Tvals. ician: am manqanebSi memarcxene partiis wevrebi, an sab-WoeTidan, umeteswilad, ruseTidan, Camosul-ni sxedan. amaT hgoniaT, rom SabaTi mxolod imiT gansxvavdeba sxva dReebisagan, rom samsax-urSi ar midian. meti araferi. uflis msaxure-ba–ebraelTa uwinaresi movaleobaa? SabaTisa da dasvenebis dRis raoba zRvispira qalaqSi ufro gamokveTilia: adamianebis _ repatri-antTa _ erTi nakadi zRvisken mieSureba, meore nakadi ki sapirispiro mxares _ sinagogisaken. D amaSi gamoxatulebas hpovebs adamianebis sru-liad gansxvavebuli biografia, mrwamsi.

iwyeba locva da saamo saxilvelia adamianebi rogor SehRaRadeben uzenaess, rogor avedre-ben mSvidobas, isini sxvadasxva feris arian, iqneb, erTmaneTis moqiSpenic, aq ki erTiande-bian – erTsa da igives avedreben uzenaess. sx-vadasxva intonaciiT loculoben, sxvadasxva kiloze. amaTi yuris migdeba bevr sainteresos daganaxebT. magaliTad, qarTvel ebraelTa locvis intonaciaSi SesaZloa, popularuli qarTuli simRerebis intonaciac SeicnoT. (es gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevi gaxldaT qarTvel ebraelTa mTavari rabinis rafael elaSvilis locvis maneraSi). ise guldagul loculoben, ise SehRaRadeben RmerTs, TiTqos igi ager, aqve axlos iyos da yurs ugdebdes, vin rogor loc-ulobs, vin ramdenad gulrwfelia uzenaesis xotbisas. Rrmad morwmuneni, e.w. xaredimebi, dabejiTebiT gvimtkiceben: ara iaraRiT, ara Tqveni samxedro strategiiT, Cveni locviT arsebobso israeli – Cvens locvas Seismenso RmerTi. aba, gvipasuxeT, ra akavebs, ra Trgu-navs amodena mtrul samezoblos yovel di-las, yovel saRamos walekviT rom gvemuqreba. ebraelebi zRvaSi unda gadavyaroTo, gaiZaxian, Cven ki kvlav da kvlav varT da viqnebiT. aseTia neba uzenaesisa. Cvens istoriaSi, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSic ki RmerTi monawileobso.

isic saamo saxilvelia, locvis damTavrebis Semdeg kmayofili saxegaciskrovnebuli adami-anebi RvTismadidebeli piutebis RiRiniT ro-gor brundebian Sin.

SabaTi locvaSi, mTeli kviris najafari sxe-ulis SvebaSi gaileva da roca saRamos caze varskvlavebi dasxdebian, isev aforiaqdeba, ax-maurdeba qveyana. iwyeba cxovreba – brZola ga-darCenisaTvis. `xaredimebi~ ki kvlav biblias, Talmuds, winaswarmetyvelTa wignebs Cascqe-rian da SesaZloa, Tavze ise daaTendeT, verc ki igrZnon.

eseni ar xmauroben – uxmod, udrtvinvelad evedrebian RmerTs. iqneb, am axmaurebul fut-kris skaSi uzenaesi swored imaT locvas gamo-arCevs, vinc mis mcnebebs mtkiced misdevs? vin icis!..

guram baTiaSvili

(ramdenime Taviaxali wignidan)


saerTod, `qarTveli xalxis cnobierebaSi arasodes yofila gaigivebuli ebraeloba qristes mwvaleblebTan. Cveni eklesiis winamZRvrebs ar ucdiaT Seeqm-naT ebraelebisagan `mtris xati~ (m.stefania,1996,gv.21).

zemoTqmulis dasturia qa-rTvelebsa da ebrael ilia gold-man Soris arsebuli megobroba, romelic okeanis gaRma, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi qarTul politikur emigrantebTan erTad ibrZoda saqarTvelos damoukide-

blobis aRsadgenad. ruseTSi dabadebuli ilia

goldmani profesiiT iuristi gaxldaT, romelic saqarTvelo-Si pirveli msoflio omis dros moxvda, social-demokrati, anti-bolSeviki i. goldmani 1917 wlis revolucias quTaisSi Sexvda, aq daukavSirda muSaTa, deputatTa sabWos Tavmjdomares, grigol urataZes da sxva politikur moR-vaweebs. ruseTis jaris daSlis Semdeg, moskovis bolSevikuri reJimi, samoqalaqo omi da gamZv-

invarebuli anarqia mas aRar ita-cebda. ruseTSi dabrunebas saqa-rTveloSi darCena misi Wirisa da lxinis moziared yofna arCia.

1918 wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebi-sTanave igi Tavisuflebismoyvare qarTveli xalxis gverdiT dadga. Tavisi diplomatiuri niWis wya-lobiT i. goldmanma osmaleTis frontidan gamoqceuli rusis jaris aoxrebisagan gadaarCina quTaisi.

evgeni gegeWkoris iniciativiT, ilia goldmani TbilisSi Sromis saministroSi miiwvies ministris amxanagad anu moadgiled.

misi iniciativiTa da xelmZ-RvanelobiT damuSavda Sromis kodeqsis proeqti, romelic Semd-gom kanonad iqna gamocxadebuli.

ilia goldmanis uSualo monaw-ileobiT Seiqmna kanoniT daweseb-uli organoebi: satarifo palata, momrigebeli kamera da sxv. ro-gorc ucxoenebis mcodne, igi iyo mravali savaWro xelSekrulebis proeqtisa, Tu statistikuri mo-nacemebis avtori.

1919 wels saqarTvelos dam-fuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi ilia goldmani warmodgenili iyo deputatad social-demokratiu-li partiis siiT quTaisidan. igi qarTvelebTan erTad CarTuli

iyo Tavisufal da damoukidebel saqarTvelos mSeneblobaSi. 1921 wels bolSevikebis mier saqarT-velos okupaciis Semdeg, ilia goldmanic ioseb eligulaS-vilTan erTad gahyva emigraciaSi gaxiznul erovnul mTavrobas, rogorc misi erTguli wevri, im imediT, rom evropasa da saer-Tod, msoflio sazogadoebrivi azris daxmarebiT, kvlav aRad-genda saqarTvelos dakargul da-moukideblobas.

am rwmeniT ilia goldmani ucxoeTSi 26 maisis droSas, 43 weli emsaxura. Tu evropaSi ioseb eligulaSvili iyo qarTuli politikuri emigraciis damxmare da Semwe, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi analogiur saqmianobas eweoda ilia goldmani. igi iyo niu-iorkis qarTuli saTvisto-mosa da `saqarTvelos damoukide-blobis aRdgenis amerikuli sab-Wos~ gamgeobis wevri.

`saqarTvelos damoukideblo-bis aRdgenis amerikul sabWos~ moralur da nivTier daxmare-bas uwevda amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi mcxovrebi qarTveli em-igrantebi. `gansakuTrebiT zurab Cxotua, Tamar da pavle kvaracx-eliebi, nikoloz amilaxvari, le-van dadiani, Tevdore sarjvelaZe, nestor alaviZe, vanda abaSiZe,

didi qarTuli saqmis msaxurni

mariam marjaniSvili

,,mravaljer mosula saqarTveloSi sisxlis wvima, magram ar yofila arcerTi SemTxveva, rom qarTvel ebraelebs ar gaezi-arebinaT qarTvelis tkivili. amis dasturia 1921 wels bolSevi-kuri ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupacia, romelmac CamoSala damoukidebeli da demokratiuli saxelmwifos erovnuli sxe-uli. axal reJimTan SeuTavseblobisa da saerTaSoriso samarT-lis gziT saqarTvelos damoukideblobis kvlav aRdgenisaTvis mebrZol mTavrobisa da mowinave inteligenciis gverdiT dadga qarTveli ebraelobac, maT Soris aRsaniSnavia ioseb eligulaS-vilis Rvawli.

ra davarqvaT?

ormoSi miwa cviva da gulismkvnetel xmas ga-moscems. TiTqos mogvZaxis, gvafrTxilebs:ase yofila, ase iqneba, es yoveli Cvenganis xve-dria, miwa yvelas Caikravs gulSi.

saqarTvelos pirveli piri xan mesaflaveebs Sescqeris sinanuliT, xanac ormos, romelSic am ramdenime wuTis win didebuli qarTveli xelovani Caasvenes. is wuTia adamianma raRac iseTi unda Tqvas, mwuxare fiqrTa mdinarebas rom Secvlis.

_ mefe iudeisa solomoni, solomon brZenad wodebuli, ambobs: gardacvalebis dRe sjobs, dabadebis dRes...

_ es rogor, _ gaocebuli Semomcqeris saqarTvelos pirveli piri, macqerdeba — ro-gor SeiZleba gardacvalebis dRe sjobdes dabadebis dRes!

_ roca adamiani ibadeba, Cven ar viciT,Tu rogori iqneba misi cxovreba, ra gzas airCevs — sikeTis samsaxurSi Cadgeba, Tu borotebas gaawevinebs Wapans. ai, gardacvalebis dRes ki yvelaferi cxadia: — viciT, ra ukeTebia, ras emsaxureboda. ai, axla batoni giga lorTqi-faniZis neSti saflavSi rom CauSves, Cven yvelaferi viciT masze, TiTqmis yvelaferi.

saqarTvelos pirveli piri naTqvams aanali-zebs da auCqareblad ambobs:

_ es sainteresoa, Zalian sainteresoa!am dros vigrZeni, rom gverdiT viRac

damidga. movbrundi. swored is kaci dgas Cems gverdiT, yvelas, visac salaparakod moigdebs xelT, Cems augs CasZaxis, adamianebs auwyebs, Tu raoden saZageli pirovneba var, ramdeni cudi ram mikeTebia qveynad, rogori moRa-late var saqarTvelosi, israelisa. — ai, es kaci _ j. xuxaSvili _ nanatr ZmasaviT amom-dgomia gverdiT.

gadis ramdenime Tve. saqarTvelos pirveli piri posts tovebs. — Tavis TanamebrZolT eubneba M̀me Cemi gasakeTebeli gavakeTe, axla Tqven mixedeT, upatroneT qveyanas!~da midis. mis adgils sruliad axalgazrda kaci ikavebs — misive aRzrdili, visac endoba. prezident-sac axals irCeven da mis inauguraciaze axal pirvel pirs aseT ndobas vulocav. vsaubrobT. am saubrisas isev vigrZeni, rom gverdiT viRac damidga, movixede. sarkastulad momRimare j. xuxaSvili damdgomia gverdiT.

es ambavi sam kacs vuambe, sam gonier, windaxedul adamians gadaveci Cemi gaoceba: am Cemze ùzomod Seyvarebuli kacis~ aseT saqciels rogor axsniT: TavxedobiT, urcx-vobiT, Tu cnobismoyvareobiT-meTqi.

samivem TiTqmis erTi da igive pasuxi momca: _ ara, es saqcieli SiSiT, mxolod SiSiT aix-

sneba. rogorc viciT, eg kaci, sadac ki midgeba da modgeba, Sens augs laparakobs, magram ro-gorc CANans,uWirs. Tavadve xvdeba, rom misi ar sjeraT, SeuZlebelia, ar grZnobdes,rom an

gulis gareT, Tavazianobis gamo ukraven Tavs, an sulac ar usmenen da roDEDdesac Sen maTs gver-diT gxedavs, SiSobs Senc igives ar iqmode, ra-sac Tavad akeTebs.

albaT, amitomac awrialebs qveyanas:_ baTiaSvili ar miipatiJoT, baTiaSvili ar

dapatiJoT!SiSobs kaci da sxva raRa darCenia. sxvaze

ukeT, TviTon icis simarTle, magram simarTle xom bolos mainc iCens Tavs.

ra iqneba xval?

dRevandeli ebraeloba didi safrTxis wi-naSe dgas: 21 saukunis damdegs erTob masSta-buri gaxda, dRiTidRe izrdeba Sereuli qorwinebis procentuli maCvenebeli. cxa-dia, diasporis qveynebs vgulisxmob. aSS-Si ki Sereulma qorwinebam lamis katastrofuli saxe miiRos. arada, amerikis ebraeloba is-raelis, sxva qveynebSi mcxovreb iudevelTa faricaa, maxvilic da pur-RviniT savse jam-ic. aSS xelisuflebaSi swored igi eweva is-raelis usafrTxoebis lobirebas, am qveynis biujetSi mas Seaqvs imdeni, rom mTavroba garda imisa, rom demokratiuli principebiT xelmZRvanelobs da amiT moqmedebs, aSS ebra-elobasac uwevs angariSs da Semosavlis raRac nawils israels axmars, aRarafers vambob dia-sporaSi mcxovreb ebraelobaze. saqarTvelos Znelbedobis Jams swored aSS ebraelobam iTamaSa didi roli Cvens qveyanaSi xelmokle-Ta sicocxlis SenarCunebaSi.

es aris erTi dasturi imisa, Tu ragvar rols TamaSoben aSS ebraelebi Tanamedrove samyaroSi. amis saTave ki aSS ebraelobis ara mxolod finansuri Zliereba, erovnuli, re-ligiuri suliskveTebaa, radgan swored re-ligia karnaxobs Tavisi Semosavlis meaTedi wili uqonelTaTvis, saerTo saWiroebisaTvis gadasdos. meaTedi aucilebelia, danarCeni – sasurveli, radgan yoveli adamianis sicocx-le erTob Zvirfasia. amaTSi – aSS ebraelo-baSi, imdenad Zlieria `nefeS iudi~ – ebrauli suliskveTeba, rom yoveli ebraelis bedze zrunva movaleobad qceviaT – erTguli rCe-bian Tezisa: ìs, vinc ibrZvis erTi adamianis sicocxlis gadarCenisaTvis, ibrZvis kaco-briobisTvis~. asea dRes:

magram Sereuli qorwinebis esodeni mom-ravleba aqtualurs xdis kiTxvas: ra moxdeba xval? – 20-30 wlis Semdeg, roca cxovrebis asparezze gamovlen Sereul ojaxebSi dabade-buli bavSvebi, romlebisTvisac ebrauli fa-seulobani arc ise Zvirfasi iqneba?

rac ufro dro gadis, ebraeloba rac ufro aqtiurad monawileobs ama Tu im qvey-nis sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSi, Sereuli qorwineba miT ufro sistemur xas-iaTs Rebulobs. es ki gaxlavT umoklesi gza asimilaciisaken. yoveli deda Tavis qals, Tu vaJs umeteswilad im eris Svilad zrdis,

romelsac Tavad ganekuTvneba, im locvebs as-wavlis, romelic Tavad uswavlia. es bunebriv-ia, ojaxi amas ver gaeqceva.

axla SeimCneva erTi tendencia – araebrae-li qalebi, romlebic ebraelebs mihyvebian colad, mzad arian miiRon iudaizmi – gaxdnen ebraelni. es ki arc ise iolia.

Aqristianad gaxdomis mosurne adamians SeuZlia mivides eklesiaSi da mokle droSi monaTluli, qristiani gamovides eklesiidan. arc islamis miRebaa rTuli procedura. ai, ebraelobis msurvels ori ram aucileblad unda aexsnas. uwinaresad is, rom iudeveloba erTob rTulia. da meore: imqveyniuri sicocx-le yvela rjulis adamianis xvdomilobaa. da Tu iudaizmis maZiebelma survilze uari mainc ar Tqva, Tveebi unda imecadinos, emzados, rom sawadels miaRwios. amas ki, Cvens daCqarebul epoqaSi bevri ver hguobs.

amaswinaT israelis qneseTis sxdomaze iTq-va: yovelwliurad ebraeloba kargavs 150 aTas ebraels (dReSi 359 _ 500) _ amdeni adamiani xdeba asimilaciis msxverpli, romelsac samu-damod kargavs ebraeloba.

amitom kiTxva: ra iqneba xval? – met simZaf-res iZens.

warsuls Tu gadavxedavT, aris erTi manug-eSebeli ambavi:

babilonma rom ierusalimi daarbia da ebraelni tyved waasxa, iudeaSi ucxoni mom-ravldnen. `sxva xalxis ismoda aq Jriamuli~. ebraelobas mTavari sayrdeni ecleboda – iudeaSi darCenilni sxvaT, ucxo tomis Svi-lebs isvamdnen colebad. iudeveli qalebi sxva tomis Svilebs Sobdnen. gadioda wlebi, saqme ukuRma midioda da ai, ramdenime aTeu-li wlis Semdeg, cnobili rabi ezra didZal xalxs uyris Tavs – iwvevs did saxalxo krebas da eris siwmindeze, tradiciis dacvis upiro-bo SenarCunebaze qadagebs, xalxs monaniebas Caagonebs, muxlebzec ecema, xelebs ze aRmar-Tavs da SesZaxebs: `nu miscemT Tqvens qalebs maTs Svilebs, ojaxebSi rZlad nu daisvamT ucxoTa mier SobilT!~ mosTqvamda ezra. xalx-ic ahyolia, aqviTinebula, monaniebis eqstaz-Si Sesuli, Turme zecas eficeboda ucxo to-mis colebs aRar gavekarebiTo.

mere im ojaxebis siac ki SeudgeniaT, rom-lebsac ucxo tomis qalebi esvaT colad.

es ambavi Cvens welTaRricxvamde iyo.mas Semdeg ramdeni vaivaglaxi gamoiara

ebraelobam.es senic sZlia. gadarCa, TavisTavadoba Sei-

narCuna.ase mgonia, am Zalze kritikul momentSic

ipovis gzas – zurgs aqcevs asimilacias. am fiqrs ori realoba aRmiZravs. pirveli: asim-ilacias ganaTlebiT, ebrauli sulierebiT ebrZvis. Mmeore: ebrauli saxelmwifos arse-bobis faqti eris Zlierebis, erovnulobis, ebrauli suliskveTebis gaRrmavebis ganmapi-robebelia.


ras vkiTxulobT

am kviraSi?

rabinis kuTxe

m

i

S

p

a

t

i

m

aaron mdinaraZe

agreTve damoukidebeli saqarT-velos yofili Sromis ministris moadgile ilia goldmani.~ (g. SaraZe, 1992, gv.158).

axal politikur organizacias, bunebrivia, Tavisi sakuTari be-WdviTi sityvis organoc unda gaeCina. da, ai, 1953 wlis Tebervl-idan niu-iorkSi gamosvla daiwyo amerikuli sabWos sainformacio biuletinma `cnobis furcelma~, xolo imave wlis ivniss-ivlisidan mas miemata sakuTari perioduli organo `Cveni gza~, romelic iyo pirveli nabeWdi, Tumca, ara stam-buri, qarTuli perioduli orga-no, CrdiloeT amerikis StatebSi gamocemuli.

`Cveni gza~ iyo sazogadoeb-rivi azris, miudgomeli da sin-disieri gamomxatveli; qarTuli saqmis erTguli meurne da saqa-rTvelos damoukideblobis aRd-genis dauRalavi mqadagebeli~ (g. SaraZe,1992, gv.159).

1953-61 wlebSi Jurnal `Cveni gzis~ sul 5 nomeri gamovida niu-iorkSi. igi orenovani iyo: nawili werilebisa dabeWdilia inglisu-rad, xolo nawili _ qarTulad. mizezi `Cveni gzis~ orenovnebisa is gaxldaT, rom `saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis ame-rikul sabWos~, romelic 1962 wlamde Zlier aqtiuri orga-

nizacia iyo, mWidro kavSiri hqon-da amerikis kongresTan (senati, palata). aSS-is kongresi saWiroe-bisas saxelmZRvanelod iyenebda `Cveni gzis~ inglisur nawils.

`Cveni gzis~ furclebze ingli-sur enazea dabeWdili ilia gold-manis recenzia wignze: konstan-tine kandelaki, `saqarTvelos sakiTxi Tavisufali msoflios winaSe~ (`Cveni gza~ 1953, N1–2).

aseve yuradRebas ipyrobs Jur-nal ̀ Cveni gzis~ furclebze dabe-Wdili werili èvgeni gegeWkori~ – eris kanonmcodne da saxelm-wifo moRvawe~ (`Cveni gza~ 1955, N4). amave JurnalSi qarTul enazea dabeWdili i. goldmanis statia èrTa TviTgamorkveva da keren-ski~ (`Cveni gza~ 1953, N1–2).

Jurnal `Cveni gzis~ saredaq-cio kolegiaSi givi kobaxiZesTan erTad sxvadasxva dros mowveuli iyvnen redaqtor-gamomcemle-blad cnobili sazogado moR-vawe emigrantebi grigol di-asamiZe, pavle kvaracxelia, lado arvelaZe, nestor alaviZe, vano nanuaSvili da ilia goldmani.

saqarTvelos Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaTvis brZo-laSi TiTqmis naxevari saukunis manZilze ilia goldmanis erT-gulad edga mxarSi misi meuRle polina evsevis asuli, romelic

flobda mraval ucxo enas, igi axalgazrdobidanve Caeba erTa ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobaSi da didi TavdadebiT mokida xeli saqarTvelos dacvas.

didi qarTuli saqmisaTvis brZolaSi israelnis Svilni ilia goldmani da misi meuRle polina evsevis asuli arcerT mniSvnelo-van Tu umniSvnelo moments, an SesaZleblobas ar uSvebdnen xel-idan, raTa saqarTvelos respub-likis ZaliT mitacebuli Tavisu-flebis sakiTxi daeyenebiaT aSS-s umaRles organoebSi da qarTuli saqmis propaganda gaewiaT.

niSandoblivia isic, rogorc emigranti giorgi eraZe aRniS-navda: àma wlis ianvarSi sikvdil-ma mostaca mas misi erTguli meuRle polina evseevna. am mwux-arebiT guldaTuTquli, avad-myofi, Ronemixdili, mainc ar iviwyebs qarTveli eris sadResas-waulo dRes – 26 maiss da qarTve-li patriotebis mier niu-iorkSi gamarTul krebaze tribunidan amxels moskovis mTavrobis ve-ragobas – saqarTvelos erisadmi Cadenil jalaTobas. grZnobis Relvam, gulis foriaqma daasus-ta igi. veRar SesZlo daemTavre-bina Tavisi mgrZnobieri sityva da 26 maisis droSis win mis samsaxur-Sive dalia suli...~ (g. SaraZe,1993,

gv.123).ilia goldmani da misi meuRle

1963 wels gardaicvalnen niu-iorkSi (ianvarSi polina evseevis asuli, xolo ramdenime Tvis Sem-deg ilia _ goldmani).

ase daiferflnen qarTveli eris samsaxurSi ebraelobis sa-siqadulno Svilni ioseb eligu-laSvili da ilia goldmani.

damowmebuli literatura:1. gazeTi `Cveni qveyana~, #18, 30

aprili, Tbilisi, 1917.2. T. papava, 1973 – T. papava,

`ltolvilTa saZvaleni, parizi, 1973.

3. Jurnali `qarTul-ebrauli urTierTobani~, quTaisi, 1996.

4. Jurnali `Cveni droSa~, #14, parizi, 1953.

5. Jurnali `Cveni droSa~, #108, parizi, 1986.

6. g.SaraZe, 1990 – g.SaraZe, `franguli dRiuri~, Tbilisi, 1990.

7. g. SaraZe, 1992 – g. SaraZe, àmerikeli qarTvelebi~, Tbili-si, 1992.

8. g. SaraZe, 1993 – g. SaraZe, ùcxoeTis cis qveS~, t. 2, Tbili-si, 1993.

9. g. SaraZe, 1993 – g. SaraZe, ùcxoeTis cis qveS~, t. 3, Tbili-si, 1993.

faraSa „miSpatim“ (wesebi) – iTvleba Toris yvelaze mniSvnelovan Tavad,SeiZleba Cven gve-fiqra, rom wina kviris Tavia aseTi – „iTro“, radgan iq moTxrobilia haSemis gamovlineba-ze sinais mTaze,sadac man agvixsna, rom is aris am samyaros erTaderTi mflobeli da batoni, sadac miviReT misi micvebi.

miuxedavad amisa, „miSpatimi“ iTvleba ufro mniSvnelovnad, radgan zustad ebraelis damokidebuleba Toris konkretul wesebTan da dadgenilebebTan gamoxatavs imas, Tu ras warmoadgens is sinamdvileSi.

weria ToraSi „savsea samyaro misi dideb-iT“, xsnian Cveni komentatorebi:ar aris situacia cxovrebaSi, razedac ar laparakobs Tora da ar aris dadgenili misi konkretuli wesebi,yoveli aseTi wesi aris haSemis survi-lis nawili da rodesac vasrulebT am dad-genilebas, Cven verTiandebiT masTan. yovel aseT wvrilmans Cven mivyavarT saboloo miz-namde – Cveni da mTlianad samyaros ukeTeso-bisken Secvlamde.

weria „taniaSi“ – siwminde gamomJRavndeba, mxolod iq,sadac aris sakuTari survilebis absolituri gauqmeba da damorCileba haSemis survilisadmi.

ebrauli wesebis krebuls qvia „Sulx-an aruxi“(gaSlili magida) – misi saxelis warmoSobac dakavSirebulia Cveni kviris TavTan – „miSpatimTan“ – sadac weria – „ da ai wesebi,romlebsac Sen maT SesTavazeb“ – da

unda iyos is,rogorc gaSlili magida,sadac yvelafero mzadaa misarTmevad, anu yvelaferi risi axsnac SesaZlebelia,unda iyos axsnili da ganxiluli.

ToraSi pasuxismgeblobis erT-erTi mTa-vari principia miyenebuli zaralis anazRa-ureba, veranairi cixe ver Secvlis zaralis anazRaurebas, verc fizikurs da verc su-liers, romelic miayena damnaSavem dazara-lebuls. miuxedavad amisa, Tora Zalian bev-ri danaSaulisTvis iTvaliswinebs dasjas sikvdiliT, magram vinc kargad Seiswavlis wesebs mixvdeba rom Toris wesebiT adamia-nis sikvdiliT dasja TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, amitom ebrauli sasamarTlos daniSnule-baa moZebnos argumentebi rom gaamarTlos adamiani da weria TalmudSi, rom sasamarT-lom romelmac es ver SeZlo da Tundac Svid weliwadSi erTxel (meore azriT – samocdaaT weliwadSi erTxel) dasaja adamiani sikvdil-iT, aseT sasamarTlos hqvia – sisxliani (mkv-leli) sasamarTlo.

ganvixloT radenime wesi:weria ToraSi: vinc daartyams Tavis mamas

an dedas, unda daisajos sikvdiliT, xolo Tu vinme dawyevlis Tavis mSoblebs, is unda iyos Caqolili qvebiT. ratom unda davsajoT is, vinc iwyevleba mZime sikvdiliT(Caqolva iTveleba sikvdilis mZime saxed), gvaswavlis Tora rom dawyevla SeiZleba adamians ad-vilad wamocdes da radgan xSirad am dros iy-eneben haSemis saxelsac, Toras unda rom Cven gansakuTrebiT gavfrTxildeT da davizRvi-oT Tavi aseTi danaSaulisgan.

aseve weria: ar SeaviwrovoT(daamciroT) – „arc qvrivi,arc oboli“ – gveubneba haSemi – Tu maT miayeneben Seuracxyofas,maT veravin daicavs da isini mommarTaven me, da me movis-men maT tirils da dagsjiT Tqven da Tqveni colebi gaxdebian qvrivebi da Svilebi – oble-bi.

ar gahyve umravlesobas siboroteSi – Tu umravlesoba ar iqceva Toris wesiT, Sen ar gaqvs ufleba maT gahyve da Tqva yvela ase akeTebs da me ra vqna, gviweria ToraSi: sadac ar aris xalxi – iyavi adamianad,dRes marto iqnebi, xval sxva SemogierTdeba, zeg kidev ramdenime da ase gaZlierdebiT da miaRwevT simarTles.

aseve weria ToraSi: akrZaluli saWmlis da akrZaluli laparakis wesebi erTmaneTis gverdiT, gvixsnian Cveni brZenebi,rom es ori Tema erTmaneTTan Zalian mWidro kavSirSia da is vinc ar ufrTxildeba qaSeri saWmlis wesebs,is ar ufrTxildeba agreTve akrZa-lul laparaks. rambami Tavis naSromebSi

wers umetesoba avadmyofobaTa modis akrZa-luli da zedmeti saWmelisgan da Tu es mar-Talia materialur sakiTxebSi miT umetes sulierSi,radgan adamianis bageebi aris misi azrebis da survilebis sarke.

iswavleT Tora,daicaviT igi da maSin is TQQQqven dagicavT,

iyaviT janmrTelebi da bednierebi! leyilui niSmaT sara baT aharon hanolda

min miraim eSeT reuven beriZe

Svili simxa (JuJuna), siZe moSe – xaim (Tem-uri), SviliSvilebi aharon david mdinara-Zeebi, eliahu (iuri) beriZe, SviliSvilTa Svilebi Rrma mwuxarebiT iuwyebian rom 91 wlis asakSi gardaicvala

sara aharonis asuli beriZe menuxaTo be gan yedenmadlobT

ucxoeTis qveynebSi israelis qneseTis arCevnebi

5 marts gaimarTeba

5 Tebervals israelis centraluri saarCevno komisiis Tavmjdomarem salim djurbanma israelis farglebs gareT qne-seTis 20-e mowvevis arCevnebis TariRi daniSna. amis Sesaxeb iuwyeba NEWSru.co.il ceskos oficialur saitze dayrdnobiT

arCevnebi diplomatiuri misiebisiebi-saTvis Catardeba 5 marts. 17 martisTvis saarCevno yuTebi unda iyos ierusalimSi, qneseTis SenobaSi. rogorc cnobilia, is-raelis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, xmis micemaSi monawileobis miReba yvelas ar SeuZlia. mxolod israelis diplomati-uri korpusisa da sazRvrebs gareT moR-vawe saxelmwifo organizaciebis warmo-madgenlebs da maTi ojaxis wevrebs.

am dReebSi, centraluri saarCevno komisia salim dJurbanis xelmZRvanelo-biT, arCevnebSi monawile 26 partiis ga-nacxadebs ganixilavs. 15 Tebervals, yvela kandidatis Semowmebis Semdgom, gamoqveyndeba dasrulebuli saxis parti-uli siebi.

8 m e n o r a Tebervali (Svati) №2, 2015 w.ivnisi (sivani), #12 2008 w.8

redaqtori

guram baTiaSvili

registrirebulia

q. Tbilisis mTawmindis

raionis sasamarTlos

mier.

registraciis # 4/1-921

damfuZnebelni da

gamomcemelni:

guram baTiaSvili, kote abaSiZe

Tbilisi, leoniZis 11a, vaxtang VI q. #30

telefonebi: 99.90.96, 77.20.57

gazeT `menoras~ redaqcia

TanagrZnobas ucxadebs aSdodis municipalitetis

wevrs moSe boTeraSvils

dedis

gardacvalebis gamo

manana jinjixaSvili qu Tais-Si daibada. aq daamTavra saSualo skola, musikaluri saswavlebeli, Semdeg quTai-sis saxelmwifo pedagogi-uri in stituti (amJamad akaki we reTlis saxelmwifo uni-versiteti) qarTuli enisa da literaturis specialobiT; muSaobda musikis maswavleblad, Jurnalistad, lado mesxiSvilis saxelobis quTaisis akademiur TeatrSi saliteraturo nawilis gamged. amJamad cxovrobs niu-iorkSi ojaxTan erTad.

rodesac manana jinjixaS-vilze daviwye wera, moulod-nelad aRmovaCine, rom Cveni megobrobis ufro xangrZlivi nawili ukve amerikul peri-odze, mis emigrantul cxovre-basa da Cvens satelefono Tu epistolarul urTierTo-baze modis, ufro naklebi ki saqarTvelos studentobisa da megobrobis im wlebze, roca yoveldRe, an TiTqmis yovel-dRe vxvdebodiT erTmaneTs. mas Semdeg bevrma welma gan-vlo, rTulma da winaaRmde-gobebiT aRsavse mTelma epo-qam. saukune Seicvala, rogorc pirdapiri ise gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT. mananam ufro mSvidi, Tumca ukve afori-aqebuli saqarTvelo datova, romelic jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris sivrceSi imyofeboda. igi Cvenze utyuarad grZnobda, ukeTesad xedavda im safrTxes, Cven rom jiutad ar vusworeb-diT Tvals. ar gveSinoda, rad-gan horizontze saqarTvelos damoukidebloba Canda. ase iyo cxra aprilis wina dReebSi. manana rekavda, swuxda, hqonda didi saSiSroebis molodini. maxsovs misi fraza: òRondac axla gadarCeT,~ rac maSin gaz-viadebuli meCvena.

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi wasvlisas mananas guli wydeboda, rom aq toveb-da sayvarel saqmes, Tumca arc iq uZebnia axali profesia. samagierod Tavisi cnobiere-biT erTi wuTiTac ar daSore-

bia saqarTvelos. CemTvis dRes Znelia mananas vaSingtonSi àmerikis xmis~ qarTul redaq-ciaSi saqmianobis Sefaseba, magram, albaT, es periodi mis cxovrebaSi umniSvnelovanesi iyo. axal realobasTan Segueba, gansxvavebul ekonomikur da politikur sistemaSi, Tanac maRalkonkurentul garemoSi adaptireba, inglisuri enis kargad daufleba _ erTbaS-ad ramdenime fsiqologiuri barieris gadalaxva, bunebriv-ia, ioli ar iqneboda.

manana wlebis ganmavlobaSi iyo gaeroSi àmerikis xmis~ akreditebuli Jurnalisti. iyo avtori mravali sain-tereso da saWirboroto reportaJisa. mis mier lit-eraturisa Tu xelovnebis sxva sferoebSi momzadebuli gad-acemebi ki yovelTvis gamoir-Ceoda siRrmiT, mravali plan-iT, rac sxvadasxva rakursSi aCvenebda im procesebs ameri-kis kulturul cxovrebaSi rom mimdinareobda. igi swored am sivrceSi qmnida Semoqmedi qarTvelebis portretebs da ufro TvalsaCinos xdida CvenTvis maTs warmatebebs. vfiqrob, manana jinjixaSvilis programebi gamorCeul xibls, individualur xelweras ani-Webda amerikis xmis qarTul gadacemebs.

saqarTvelos saxelmwi-foebrivma damoukideblobam Zalze saamayo realoba moita-na. amerikis universitetebis (kolumbiis, indianas...) stu-dentebs (da ara marto maT) SesaZlebloba aqvT ucxo enad qarTuli airCion. manana maT aswavlis. bevri maTgani imyo-feboda kidec saqarTveloSi. TiToeulma, bunebrivia, aq Tavisi qarTuli enis maswav-leblis sulis nawili gamoi-yola, misi TvaliT Sexeda Cvens qveyanas, me vici, ra rudunebiT ekideba igi am mniSvnelovan saqmes, ra did pasuxismge-blobasTan, rTul SromasTan aris dakavSirebuli es yove-

live. mza meTodika sakmaod mwiria, sakuTari gamocdileba ki wlebs moaqvs da igi mananas ukve sakmaod daugrovda. man SeZlo garedan Seexeda qarTu-li enisaTvis. sxvaTaTvis eswavlebina ara mxolod gra-matikuli kategoriebi, aramed ena, rogorc eris sulieri samyaros gamanivTebeli. axla manana fiqrobs (zrunavs kidec) Seqmnas da saqarTvelo-Si gadaiRos qarTuli enis videokursi, romelSic Tavs moiyris qarTvelebis saubrebi ojaxSi, sazogadoebaSi, quCa-Si, sufrasTan, Caiweros bune-brivi dialogebi kargi qarTu-liT molaparake adamianebTan erTad, rasac, eWvi ar mepareba, aucileblad ganaxorcielebs, Tu sponsori moiZebna, albaT, ufro malec.

manana jinjixaSvili, rogorc mwerali jemal qiria ambobs masze, kargi ebraeli da kargi qarTvelia. igi qarTul saqmes akeTebs. profesionali filologia. misi pedagogi-uri saqmianoba, samwuxarod, ufro metad sxvaTa arCevan-zea damokidebuli, vidre mis aqtivobaze. sakmaod moSore-biT Cevngan man SeZlo Tavisi qarTuli samyaro Seeqmna. axla rusulenovan radioSi gaaCi-na qarTuli niSa. aq mihyavs qarTuli gadacemebi, rasac usasyidlod akeTebs.

aqac gulRia maspinZeli da sxvaTa gulSematkivari amer-ikaSic aseve agrZelebs cxovre-bas. misi saxlis kari mudam Riaa stumrebisaTvis, mudam mzad aris daxmarebisTvis.

TiTqmis 18 welia, rac manana jinjixaSvili wavida quTaisidan, magram erTi dRi-Tac ar daSorebia qarTul sityvas, qarTvel megobrebs, qarTul mwerlobas da xelov-nebas, qveyanas, sadac dai-bada, gaizarda, Camoyalibda rogorc pirovneba, romelT-anac uamravi kargi mogoneba da tkivilic akavSirebs da rom-lis didi qomagicaa.

qarTuli saqmis sakeTeblad amerikaSi

rCeuli leqsebiisraelSi gamoica

io seb krixelis rCeu-

li leqsebis krebuli

`saqarTvelos israelidan

siyvaruliT~. krebulSi

Sesulia 75 wlis ioseb

krixelis mier Seqmnili

leqsebi. es krebuli iwye-

ba leqsiT `sadRegrZelo.~

wigni gamoica ̀ amuTa efSar

axereT~-2000 daxmarebiT.

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avtoria mira wiwuaSvili.

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ris Sesavali werili.

me saqarTvelos

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davlio minda,

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movafrqvio

yalbi dideba,

me saqarTvelos

sadREegrZelos

vsvam im SegrZnebiT,

rom saqarTvelos

gamarjveba

naRdad Wirdeba.

saqarTvelos ebraelobis fotoistoria

onis 114 wlis beiT qneseTi

meuRle nana xubelaSvili, Svilebi: Wiko, Tamuna fiCxaZeebi, sidedri eTer mixelaSvili, ia, maia xubelaSvilebi, emzar eligulaSvili,

merab kobaxiZe iuwyebiandaTo fiCxaZisgardacvalebas.

robert, Tengiz, lera mixelaSvilebi, fima kacobaSvili, ciala, guram baTiaSvilebi iuwyebian

daTo fiCxaZisgardacvalebas da TanaugrZniben

gansvenebulis ojaxs,

ivnisi (sivani), #12 2008 w.8

redaqtori

guram baTiaSvili

registrirebulia


raionis sasamarTlos

mier.


damfuZnebelni da

gamomcemelni:



telefonebi: 99.90.96, 77.20.57




dedis

gardacvalebis gamo














li leqsebis krebuli













me saqarTvelos

sadRegrZelo

davlio minda,

mitom ki ara,

movafrqvio

yalbi dideba,

me saqarTvelos

sadREegrZelos


rom saqarTvelos

gamarjveba

naRdad Wirdeba.








ISSN 1987-8982 UAC 070 411.16m-557

ivnisi (sivani), #12 2008 w.8

redaqtori

guram baTiaSvili

registrirebulia


raionis sasamarTlos

mier.


damfuZnebelni da

gamomcemelni:



telefonebi: 99.90.96, 77.20.57




dedis

gardacvalebis gamo














li leqsebis krebuli













me saqarTvelos

sadRegrZelo

davlio minda,

mitom ki ara,

movafrqvio

yalbi dideba,

me saqarTvelos

sadREegrZelos


rom saqarTvelos

gamarjveba

naRdad Wirdeba.








299.90.96, 277.20.57

yoveli srulyofili religia atarebs kosmiur uxilavsa da maRal zneobriv wmi-daTa wmida sulier simdidres, raTa maTSi samyaros umTavresi uflismieri WeSmarite-baa Caqsovili, romelic zecis Soreuli sa-ganZuridanaa gadmosuli. droTa JamSi ka-cobriobis religiebma Turame cvlilebebi miiRes isev samyaros umdidresi wesrigidan iqneba mowodebuli da ara adamianebisagan. amrigad qveynierebis nebismieri religia kacobriobas moZRvravs zeciuris saerTo sikeTes da siyvaruls. aqedan gamomdinare Cven-Cveni kanonikuri alalmarTali sar-wmunoebani unda SevisisxlxorcoT unak-lod...

usasrulo kosmosis mmarTvelma Zalam ufalma, adamis modgmis gaCenis dRidan adamianebs TandaTanobiT Seagnebina rwmena RmerTisa da warmoSva religiuri azrovne-baTa maradiuli sivrce, romelic sikeTis siyvarulis urTierT dandobis uflism-ieri sulieri da gonebrivi azrovnebis ze-inteleqt WeSmaritebis sruli Segnebis wy-aroa.

eSmaki drois usasrulobidan modevnebu-li ukedeganod borotebas Tess da mis mier gadabirebuli adamianebis ususuri gon-ebiT da sasatiki xeliT uTvalavjer sisx-lis morevSi acurava planeta Cveni, mospo mravali civilizacia da uniWieresi erni. is isev ganagrZnobs Cvens uwyinar planetaze

tanjvis momgvrel qmedebebs...amiT kosmiuri ukeTilSobilesi sivrce

uTuod gakvirvebuli da Sewuxebulia...zeciurma keTilma Zalam yoveli eris da

sarwmunoebis aRmsarebelinaTesaurad SegvakavSiros da urTierT

dandobis, Tanadgomis, RvTiuri gagebis, si-yvarulisa da mitevebis gziT gagavaerTia-nos nebismieri religiuri individualao-bis SenarCunebiT.

sakuTari religiis siyvarulisada mor-CilobiTi tol fasovnobiT, pativi miva-goT yvela sxva sarwmunoebas da avicdi-noT saSineli eSmakiseuli borotebis qveynierebis damRupveli gza raTa zeciu-rad valdebulni varT, samyaros zneobidan gamomdinare davasvenoT dedamiwa adamainTa sisxlis uwyveti nakadebisagan. momavali saukuneebi uaxloesi mesame aTaswleulis CaTvliT CamovayaliboT RvTiur-kosmiur WeSmaritebaTa naTel epoqebad. daaxloe-biT am formis zneobisakaen migviTiTebs Cveni WeSmaritebisaken mavali Sexsenebisa da mowodebis suraTi „tolerantoba“ (Sem-wynarebloba), raTa Tanabrad pativi vceT samyaros wesrig kanonisagan boZebul adami-anTa mxsnel religiebs...

avtori: mxatvari, prozaikosi rezo (eme-liane) adamia.

saqarTvelo 2015 weli.

tolerantoba _Semwynarebloba

safrangeTis ebraelebis erTi procenti, israelis uZravi qonebis bazars

kraxamde miiyvansisraelis SemfasebelTa asociaciis warmomadgeneli ehud danosi

acxadebs, rom qveyana ar aris mzad safrangeTidan Camosuli ebraelebis misaRebad.

danosma ganacxada: „israeli ar aris mzad miiRos repartrirebulTa didi raodenoba evropidan. teroristuli aqtebis bolo talRam ra Tqma unda, Cvenc cud mdgomareobaSi Cagvagdo, magram absoliturad bune-brivia, rom aTiaTasobiT Camosuli, ver ipovis sacxovrebels israelSi. danosma aRniSna, rom mniSvnelovania mxedvelobaSi miviRoT arsebuli situaciis sxvadasxva aspqetebi. mxolod safrangeTSi milion 200 000 ebraelia, romelic SeiZleba Camovides israelSi „dabrunebis kanonis“ mixedviT, magram sakmarisia Camovides am adamianebis mxolod1%, rom Cven ukve dagvWirdeba 3000 axali sacxovrebeli bina, rac wliuri mSene-blobebis 6% Seadgens. katastrofis masStabi sinamdvileSi kidev ufro didia. Camosulebi sacxovrebels airCeven aSkelonidan xaderamde, rac gazrdis wnexs am qalaqebze, moTxovna gaizrdeba 12%-iT. danosi migvaniSnebs imaze, rom israels sWirdeba ramdenime weli, raTa daakmay-ofilos am masStabis moTxovna. „mniSvnelovania, rom yvelam, visac surs icxovros israelSi, moaxerxos Tavisi uflebis gamoyeneba, magram, ufro mniSvnelovania israelSi Camosulebma ipovon sacxovrebeli normalur pirobebSi. Tqven unda gesmodeT, rom 300 000 evrod SegiZliaT iyidoT

didi da kargi bina safrangeTis nebismier teritoriaze, magram israel-Si 1,5 milioni SekeliT ver iyidiT 4 oTaxian binas neTaniaSi“.

ebraelma dalaqma uCinari kipa Seqmnaebraelma dalaqma koreSma SemogvTavaza uCinari kipa xelovnuri

Tmisgan, imisaTvis rom ebraeloba evropis quCebSi ar ganicdides dis-komforts. es gamogoneba swored maSin gaCnda, rodesac evropaSi gaiz-arda antisemituri ganwyoba. „uCinari kipa“ SegiZliaT SeiZinoT inter-netSi 56$. koreSi aRniSnavs, rom „jadosnuri kipa“ gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs safrangeTsa da belgiaSi.

israelis umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo religiuri dawesebulebis ped-agogi Slomo avineri aRniSnavs, rom kipa unda Candes, radgan misi erT-erTi mTavari daniSnulebaa, rom ebraeli eri gamoirCeodes, safrTxis SemTxvevaSi ki is SeiZleba daimalos.

ramdenime xnis winaT Jurnalistebi atarebdnen eqsperiments, raTa gamoerkviaT antisemitizmis done. Svedurma televiziam ianvarSi aCvena siuJeti, romelic eZRvneboda Jurnalist peter liungrenis mogzau-robas SvedeTis qalaq malmeaSi, sadac mosaxleobis didi nawili aris muslimi. Jurnalistma daixura kipa da gulze daviTis varskvlavi dai-magra, adgilobrivebi liungrens sityvier Seuracyofas ayenebdnen da esrodnen kvercxebs.

ebraeli mamakacebi kipis daxurviT aRiareben RmerTs. evrokavSiris statistikis mixedviT, 2013 wlidan yovel mexuTe ebraels mouwia uari eTqva religiur simboloebze, rom gadarCenoda Tavdasxmebs.

TbilisSi, puris moedanze ierusalimis quCa #2 gaixsna kidev erTi axali qaSeri restorani ìerusalimi~.

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gvestumreT. tel.: +995 555 545 611;

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