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l.govMaking Every Driver Your Best Driver: Modifying Behavior to Improve Fuel Efficiency

Tad Pearson, ManagerTransportation and Fleet Management Logistics

David Gertman, Principal Research Scientist Human Factors & Instrumentation and Controls Department

June 26, 2012

4,000 Scientists & Support Staff

890 Sq. Mile area – most facilities are 50 miles from local communities

94 Motor Coaches transport over 3,000 employees each workday.

Idaho National Laboratory

Our Strategy for Reducing Petroleum Consumption

• Increase Lab’s Use of Alternative Fuels (B20 and E85)

• Modify and Right-size the INL Vehicle Fleet (GSA Bus Lease)

• Improve the Efficiency of Bus Operations (Park and Ride)

• Aggressively Track and Reduce Fuel Use (Idling and Driver Behavior)

INL Fossil Fuel Reduction

*FY2012 Numbers Extrapolated

2012 Fossil Fuel Reduction

• Fuel reduction for 2012 has been dramatically lower than target values to meet the Executive Order.

• Cumulative total of reduction for the year has been 110,000 gallons, and is estimated to be approximately 170,000 gallons compared to targeted reduction at the end of the fiscal year.

• Utilization has decreased in the bus fleet, and is extrapolated to decrease by 93,000 miles. (This change is mostly due to consolidation of routes, removal of routes, and park and ride).

• In addition, reduction of idling time, driver education and behaviors, and tele-work initiatives (such as online meetings instead of on-site, remote work, etc.) has helped to reduce total fleet utilization.

• Reduced number of buses from 103 in FY2011 to 94 current.– Possible through GSA lease of over fifty new 55 passenger

motor coaches.

Continuing efforts for fossil fuel reduction

• New, more efficient buses.– 2 mpg better per bus.– Idle time reduced to 10 minutes via auto-shutoff.

• Bus simulator research with drivers to improve fuel economy through changing driver behavior.

• Usage of B20 year round.– Use of additives to prevent gelling extreme winter conditions

• Research into new technologies for mixed fuel (CNG + B20)

• KeyValet Automated Motor Pool:– Better information to help us right-size light fleet while

maintaining customer needs.

Note: These efforts will reduce the use of alternative fuel

INL Fleet Resources• Motivation

– “10% reduction in fuel = $500k savings annually– Reduce dependency on foreign oil

• Fleet Resources– Professional Drivers

• Many with over 1 million miles of safe driving– 94 Motor coaches

• Transport thousands of passengers 100 miles each workday• Standardized routes (repeatability of driving conditions for

different driving styles)• Full system data recorded every second of operation

– Full Shop• Highly skilled mechanics • Over 25 years of maintenance logs

– Numerous hybrid, electric and alternatively fueled vehicles

"The Center for

Advanced Energy

Studies is a research

partnership between

Boise State University,

Idaho National

Laboratory, Idaho

State University and

University of Idaho.”

Center for Advanced Energy Center for Advanced Energy StudiesStudies

Ray GrosshansProgram Manager, CAES

David GertmanINL PI

Ray GrosshansProgram Manager, CAES

David GertmanINL PI

June 26, 2012June 26, 2012

Development and Demonstration for National Fuel EfficiencyDevelopment and Demonstration for National Fuel Efficiency

The Partners

• Provide a sound technical basis for improvements in INL fleet transportation driver and fuel efficiency via information presentation and visualization

based on learning algorithms, real time data analysis, and GPS

• Determine improvements that could be implemented DOE fleet wide

• Increase collaboration with University of Idaho faculty and graduate students

Objectives of work

The Human Factor………. Approaches

• Competency testing

• Self observation use data logs or voice recorder

• Conduct quality circles, debrief drivers, condition against aggressive driving and dominance

• Shore up training and licensing

• Provide better visibility in vehicle and when designing highways

• Provide additional safety devices

• Law enforcement

• Improving risk assessment and bias and perception

• Provide more or different information (Beyond IMPG)– Source DrDriving.org accessed June 2012

– Source DrDriving.org accessed June 2012

• Mechanical Maintenance (breaks, alignment, synthetic oil) Gear choices (for manual switching, not likely) for the motor

coach fleet Regenerative braking (think hybrid vehicles)

• Driver Strategies Try to reduce acceleration and braking to what is really needed Adjusting speed prior reaching the traffic light Coasting Anticipate the actions of other drivers Burn and coast, also called burn and glide (research on vehicle

inertia, idea is to reduce fuel consumption to zero during the glide)

• Difficulties if you have an automatic transmission (torque converter lockup problems)

• Model historical performance, data mine, then introduce predictive displays

Basics for Improving Efficiency

VirtualBus Simulation Available in Exhibitors Hall• Interactive software simulation of longitudinal dynamics of D-Series bus (MCI Motorcoach)• Physical model of the environment: gravitation force, rolling friction force, aerodynamic drag force, engine force, breaking force• Integrated with Beta driving simulator human machine interface• Serves as a development platform for Intelligent Driver System•Good Reviews on this simulation from Industry: Mercury fleet consultants and MCI (motor coach provider through GSA)**Strong interest from INL motor coach drivers

Technical Aspects –1 Simulation

Technical Aspect 2 –System schematic for real time data collection and analysis

Data Collection at INL

Sample GPS and Vehicle Data

University and Industry Involvement

• University of Idaho Computer Sciences Dept. Faculty: Dr. Milos Manic Associate ProfessorGraduate Students Supported-2012 Ondrej Linda, Dumidu UIdaho PhD Candidates in CS

• Industry InterestI/O controls, Proterra, MCI, Mercury, Spheros

• Interest from MCI (leading supplier of motor coaches) Considering donating cab to CAES for simulation improvementsInterest in tasking with CAES on driver efficiency

• DOT BOISEHighway mapping with LIDAR using the current team & GPS

• Potential for Nationwide Repair Center Concept for MAC, PETERBUILT, Freightliner & Automobiles Data parsing established using vehicles at California repair facility Possibility to pull data off on Allison transmissions,

• repair vehicle, • re-read sensor data and • determine if repairs are successful

• Networkfleet® has devices on MCI buses that read CAN bus data and has a processor, an upgrade might be able to run our software when complete. They are on 100,000 coaches nationwide

Potential to Lead to Outside Tasking:

At INL, we’re driven to save.

Contact Information

David Gertman - Principal Research Scientist 208-526-1756 David.Gertman@inl.gov

Jeff Brown – Bus Operations Supervisor 208-526-0209 Jefferey.Brown@inl.gov

Dr. Milos Manic – University of Idaho Associate Professor

Misko@Uidaho.edu

Raymond Grosshans, Deputy Director CAES

Raymond.grosshans@inl.gov