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INVENTORS, INNOVATORS AND CREATORS -INVENTORS, INNOVATORS AND CREATORS -THE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF NATIONSTHE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF NATIONS

Document prepared by Mrs. Tarja Koskinen-Olsson, Document prepared by Mrs. Tarja Koskinen-Olsson,

Chief Executive Officer, KOPIOSTO, Chief Executive Officer, KOPIOSTO,

Helsinki (Finland)Helsinki (Finland)

WIPO/INV/BEI/02/16

SECOND INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON CREATIVITY AND INVENTION -

A BETTER FUTURE FOR HUMANITY IN THE 21ST CENTURYBeijing, May 23 to 25, 2002Beijing, May 23 to 25, 2002

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Creators – Who are they?Creators – Who are they?

• Authors of literary and artistic works• Natural persons (authors) create works• Performing artists perform works• Publishers and producers invest in works• All have rights in copyright legislation

Culture, science, informationCulture, science, information

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Copyright IndustriesCopyright Industries in Finland in Finland

• 4,1% GNP - CORE COPYRIGHT INDUSTRIES• 0,9% GNP - INDIRECT INDUSTRIES• 5,0% GNP - TOTAL• 4,0% OF THE WORK FORCE

From 4 to 7% in other countriesFrom 4 to 7% in other countries

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Core Copyright Industries - 1996Core Copyright Industries - 1996

• Press and literature 1,61%

• Software and databases 0,96%

• Radio and television 0,37%

• Advertising 0,30%

• Music 0,20%

• Theatre and opera 0,09%

• Architecture 0,09%

• Photography 0,08%

• Visual arts 0,03%

• Industrial design 0,02%

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Creators, legislators, usersCreators, legislators, users

• How does (copyright) legislation protect the rights of creators?

• What privileges for users are there in the legislation?

• How can people benefit from cultural works and products?

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Press and literaturePress and literature

• Writers

• Translators

• Journalists

• Scientists

• Publishers of books, periodicals and newspapers

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Press and literaturePress and literature

• Libraries – reward to writers (public lending right)

• Scientific writers and publishers– early in the Internet

• Photocopying and digital copying– Collecting societies

• Affordability– VAT on books and newspapers

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Software and databases Software and databases

• System designers

• Programmers

• Compilers of data

• Software publishers

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Software and databasesSoftware and databases

• Enforcement– piracy of computer programs

• Electronic commerce – on-line sales of software increasing

• Protection of databases– to enhance investment in important databases– traditional knowledge, folklore

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Film and televisionFilm and television

• Script writers

• Directors

• Directors of photography

• Actors

• Film producers

• Broadcasters

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Film and televisionFilm and television

• Ownership of rights in audiovisual works – transfer of rights, exploitation rights

• Broadcasters’ rights– new instrument discussed in WIPO

• Multiple channels– Cinema, television, cable and satellite, video,

DVD, web-casting– role of public broadcasters

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Music and sound recordingsMusic and sound recordings

• Composers

• Text-writers

• Music publishers

• Musicians and singers

• Producers of sound recordings

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Music and sound recordingsMusic and sound recordings

• Collecting societies– make copyright function in practice

• Right of public performance – broadcasters’ remuneration vital

• Private copying (“Napster phenomena”)– levies on blank tapes and equipment

• Fight against piracy– legitimate sales bring also tax revenue

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Visual arts and photographyVisual arts and photography

• Painters

• Sculptors

• Graphic artists

• Illustrators

• Photographers

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Visual arts and photographyVisual arts and photography

• Auction sales– resale right of artists

• Right of reproduction – books, postcards, posters

• Museums on-line– collections available world-wide

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Creators contribute toCreators contribute to

• Economic wealth– copyright industries grow more rapidly than the

economy in general

• Social well-being– culture adds value to the human life

• Cultural diversity – culture reflects the identity of a nation

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Intellectual capital of nationsIntellectual capital of nations

• Policy on artists and their living conditions– copyright an important element

• Investment policy– how to enhance local “content industries”

• Science policy– how to enhance research and development

• Cultural policy– cultural institutions