The Human Rights situation in north Sudan: Regression to Repression 10 September 2010

In 2005, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement put an end to two decades of war between north and south Sudan and he country. The April 2010 presidential and regional elections

were meant to be a further step for Sudan towards democracy. Yet the last year has seen a gradual worsening of the human rights situation in Sudan, particularly in the north. And as the international community concentrates on the

radar and the NCP has been able to strengthen its regime of terror.

In recent months, the NCP has cracked down on opponents, activists, and journalists, and continued attacking civilians in Darfur. Political intolerance, repression, and violence have eroded the legitimacy of the April 2010 elections and the lack of international reaction to these violations has simply emboldened the NCP.

oth north and south Sudan. Below is a selection of events and violations that illustrate the scale of the regression to repression in north Sudan: Suppression of Political Opposition 31 July 2010 - Thousands of IDPs are fleeing Kalma camp due to clashes between supporters and opponents of the

Doha peace process. Fighting also took place in Hamadiya camp near Zalingei in West Darfur, all together, eight people were killed in those clashes and dozens wounded. According to eye witnesses, IDPs in Kalma started fighting

Adel Hamid Musa Kasha accused loyalists of Abdel Wahid Al Nur and his Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) of instigating the violence and attacking the camp with light and heavy arms, while Abdel Wahid as well as the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) are accusing the government of igniting the fights. Wahid denied his forces would ever shoot in a camp and expose the lives of their people. He accused government agents of infiltrating the camp, trying to force the IDPs to participate in Doha.1

29 July 2010 - two residents of Hamidiya Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp near Zalingei (West Darfur) died

in fighting that erupted over some attack the youth leader of the camp, Zakaria Harun, for his opposition to the Doha negotiations. The attackers themselves were alleged Doha supporters. Their attack failed and the two were beaten to death by Doha opponents. Four other persons blamed of having planned the attack were captured and handed over to UNAMID police. The coordinator of the camp accused the government of destabilizing the camp and handing out weapons to some IDPs to create chaos.2

1   31st July 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35808. 2 Two , 29th July 2010, http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/2636.

26 July 2010 Two Sudan Liberation Movement Free Will faction intelligence leaders were arrested without charge by Sudanese military intelligence in El Fasher yesterday. Families of the two are not allowed to visit them and fear they are being ill-treated.3

19 July 2010 - 18 gunmen affiliated with the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) of Minni Minawi stormed the headquarters of the Transitional Darfur Regional Authority (TDRA). The TDRA is an administrational organ headed by Minni Minawi, established after a peace deal was signed between the SLM Minni Minawi and the GoS in 2006 to distribute compensation to the victims of the Darfur conflict. The storming occurred due to a rift between Minni

Abu Al Gasim Ahmed Au Al Gasim, the compensation commissioner, over the appointment of the secretary-general of the office. Al Gasim had issued a decision to abolish the post, while Minawi appointed Yahia Hassan Neel as secretary-general without consulting Al Gasim.4

5 July 2010 - Sudanese police arrested three student members of the Girifna movement in Souk Sitaa (Market 6) of

the Alhaj Yousif area of Khartoum. Girifna -violent social movement that began during the Sudanese voter registration to encourage civic participation and voter education through door-to-door campaigning and demonstrations.5

29 May 2010 - Sudan banned three opposition members and rights activists from travelling to the Ugandan capital

Kampala to attend a conference organized by the International Criminal Court (ICC)6 15 May 2010 - Sudanese security service on Thursday briefly arrested Farouk Abu Eissa another opposition figure in

less than a week after the detention of Hassan Al-Turabi, leader of the opposition Popular Congress Party (PCP).7 15 May 2010 - national security forces in three armed cars arrested Dr. Hassan Al Turabi, the leader of the opposition

Popular Congress Party (PCP), from his home in the Manshya area of Khartoum at 11:30 PM. His family indicated that they were unaware of the reason for his arrest, but his son Sidiq speculated that it might have been sparked by an interview with Akhbar Alyoum newspaper in which Turabi accused the ruling National Congress Party (NCP) of rigging the elections and corruption, and threatened to publish information proving these allegations.8

11 May 2010 - Security officials in Khartoum arrested three members of UPF, one of whom was released and

reported to family and friends that officers took the three to an unknown location, tortured them, and interrogated them about the group's activities.9

14 April 2010 - Sudanese Network for Democratic Elections (SuNDE) observers were removed by security personnel from polling stations in Hai Jalaba, Youth Trading Center, and Saint Theresa in Juba East and Kator South Constituencies.10

3 ,Radio Dabanga, 26th July 2009, http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/2508. 4 Radio Dabanaga, 19th July 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/2218.    5 6th July 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/Press%20releases/2010/6-7-10StudentMembersofGirifnaArrestedandTortured.html. 6 Sudan Tribune: 29th May 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35235. 7 Sudan Tribune:15th May 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35147. 8 17th May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/Press%20releases/2010/5-17-10OppositionLeaderArrestedinKhartoum_NewspaperClosed.html. 9 - 24th May 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/05/24/sudan-end-post-election-repression. 10 Sudan Tribune: 14th April 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article34764.

13 April 2010 - 19 domestic observers were removed from three polling centers in Kator South Constituency by unknown security personnel and taken to the Public Security office and eventually detained at the Police of the Public Order office near Konyo Konyo market. The polling stations observers were removed from Comboni South School (PC #10), Bakietha School (PC #2), and Lologo Reformatory School (PC #3). Fourteen of the nineteen observers were from SuNDE. One SuNDE observer was assaulted by the security personnel.11

12 April 2010 - security officers arrested five election observers for an independent candidate, Alfred Gore, a

candidate for governor in Central Equatoria. The five were released on the following day without charge.12

11 April 2010 Security agents in Managil, Jazeera, arrested another member of the Communist Party and detained him for four hours for distributing pamphlets in support of the opposition boycott.13

9 April 2010 - national security officers arrested and briefly detained a group of five Communist Party members for

distributing pamphlets in the Port Sudan market. Another eight party members were detained that day in Kosti for the same reason.14

8 April 2010 - security officials arrested and detained the head of the Communist Party and a member of the Umma Reform and Renewal Party in Nyala, South Darfur, for publishing fliers urging voters to boycott the elections.15

31 March 2010 - Undercover police and security officers arrested an 18-year old female activist, detained her

overnight, and interrogated her for handing out fliers urging people to vote against the ruling National Congress Party.16

26 March 2010 - the Port Sudan locality refused to provide the independent candidate for the state governor position

Abd Allah Abo Fatima permission to hold a political meeting about his at the graduation club in Port Sudan city.17 25 March 2010 - NISS agents released three Darfuri students, who were part of a larger group of students arrested on

9 May 2009. None have been charged with any crime. They had been arrested from different universities in the Khartoum area and at the funeral of the Darfuris executed for the killing of Sudanese journalist Mohamed Taha Mohamed Ahmed in 2006. The entire group was subjected to torture before being transferred to Dabak Prison, where they were interrogated on their affiliation with Abdul Wahid Mohamed al Nur, a leader of the Sudan Liberation Movement.18

23 March 2010 - security forces interfered with the Popular Conference Party holding its political meeting at

Alhalfaya area, Khartoum North, and prevented one of their speakers, Almahbob Abd Elsalam from giving his

11 SuN Sudan Tribune:13th April 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article34764. 12 26th April 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/04/25/sudan-flawed-elections-underscore-need-justice. 13 26th April 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/04/25/sudan-flawed-elections-underscore-need-justice. 14 26th April 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/04/25/sudan-flawed-elections-underscore-need-justice.    15   21st March 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/04/25/sudan-flawed-elections-underscore-need-justice. 16 21st March 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/04/25/sudan-flawed-elections-underscore-need-justice. 17 an Human Rights Monitor Issue African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies: December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 18 Rights Monitor Issue African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies: December 2009-May 2010http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf

speech, despite that the organisers had obtained all the necessary permissions from the authorities. The agents confiscated the sound system speakers and left. 19

23 March 2010 - police forces in Upper Nile state, in Jazeera Mograt and Abo Hamed locality, dispersed two political symposia organised by the Umma Party for Reforming and Renewing, after the NCP supporters began to harass participants repeating supportive slogans for NCP presidential candidates in loud voices. In Jazeera Mograt, NCP supporters attacked people during the symposium, while attacks began in Abo Hamed before the symposium began.20

16 March 2010 - Authorities in North Darfur prevented citizens from attending the campaign launch of Yasir Arman,

21 15 March 2010 - Abdallah Mahdi Badawi, an 18 year old accounting student at Ahlei University and member of

Girifna who requested Mahdi meet him at Khartoum University to discus Girifna activities and plans. When Mahdi met him, Hassan was accompanied by another young man, and the three walked to a local café. On their way, in an empty alley behind the café, Hassan and the other man pulled out pistols and forced Mahdi to follow them to an office. He was taken to a small room and tortured. He was beaten by 13 men with sticks, hoses, and electric wires, and interrogated about d a pistol near his head and pretended to squeeze the trigger, and threatened to make him drink a liquid that they claimed contained a deadly virus. 22

15 March 2010 - police in Sinnar prevented a candidate with an opposition party from speaking publicly on grounds

that he did not have required permission.23 14 March 2010 - two armed men in plainclothes abducted Abdallah Mahadi Badawi, an 18-year-old activist with the

group Girfina ("We Are Fed Up") in Khartoum, beat him severely, and interrogated him about Girfina's activities. The group has been promoting participation in the elections and speaking out against the ruling National Congress Party, and its members have been arrested on several occasions. Badawi told Human Rights Watch that he believes the men were working for the national security service.24

4 March 2010 - police and security services in Khartoum broke up a peaceful election campaign held by Girifna at a

bus stop in central Khartoum. Girifna was in the midst of conducting a massive voter education campaign across Sudan. Three members of Girifna were taken to Khartoum Shimal Police Station in Khartoum, and charged with

25 March 2010 - a state-owned radio station, Radio Omdurman, refused to air a 20-minute pre-recorded radio speech by

Umma presidential candidate Sadiq al Mahdi. The speech, part of his allotted airtime under NEC rules, touched on 19 an Human Rights Monitor Issue Studies: December 2009-May 2010http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 20 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 21 Radio Dabanga: 16th March 2010 http://195.190.28.213/node/93. 22 ssue ntre for Justice and Peace Studies: December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf  23 an Government Repression Threatens Fair- 21st March 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/03/21/sudan-government-repression-threatens-fair-elections. 24 21st March 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/03/21/sudan-government-repression-threatens-fair-elections. 25 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf

politically sensitive topics including Darfur, the International Criminal Court, and the 2011 referendum. The NEC's media committee called it "incitement" and criticized it for referencing three executions carried out in 1991.26

24 February 2010 - Hashim Mohamed Al Mahi, leader of the Baath Arab Socialist Party, was arrested by the

Sudanese Security authorities. He was distributing flyers in Nyala stadium in South Darfur.27 24 February 2010 - authorities in Nyala prevented members of the Popular Congress Party from holding any sort of

political activities for their party in the area of Khazan Jedid, South Darfur. The security forces detained five men for over seven hours, where they were subjected to torture and ill-treatment. Their heads were shaved, and they were forced to sign an oath to not engage in any political activities for the Popular Congress Party.28

11 February 2010 - student Mohamed Moussa Abdallah Bahr el Din was found dead, with traces of torture, the day

after being arrested by NISS agents outside his university in Khartoum.29 19 January 2010 - supporters of an independent gubernatorial candidate from the Amarar ethnic group in Red Sea

State, Hamad Mohammad Ali, organised a peaceful demonstration and rally in support of his candidacy. Mr. Ali had been a member of the NCP, but when he did not receive his ination for governor he began to campaign

permit to demonstrate, and the crowds were dispersed using tear gas, electrical batons, and water hoses. Mr. Hamad claims that the authorities in Red Sea State denied his supporters a permit to demonstrate despite the fact that supporters of the incumbent NCP Governor, Mohamed Tahir Ella, were permitted to do so. Further reports from Port Sudan indicgovernment vehicles for demonstrations in Port Sudan.30

20 December 2009 - the National Election Commission in South Darfur, Nyala town filed a case against Abdulsalam

Abdalla Abdulsalam in the Central Police station under case 5674 2009 and under Article 159 of the 1991 Sudanese Criminal Code. He was accused of defamation after he stated to a Korean newspaper that the NEC was not neutral. He was later released.31

20 December 2009 - the NISS cancelled a political forum organised by a coalition of eight political parties in El

headquarters on 22 December.32 16 December 2009 - the Umma party in Kosti Town, White Nile State, sent an application to the police commissioner

to inform them that they wanted to hold a public forum on the following day. The police commissioner responded that they received information from NISS asking him not to allow the Umma party to hold a forum for security reasons.33

26 - http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/03/21/sudan-government-repression-threatens-fair-elections. 27 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 28 an Human Rights Monitor Issue African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies: December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 29 7th June 2010 http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/sudanese-journalist-tells-harassment-brutal-security-forces-2010-06-07. 30 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf  31     an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 32 s Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf

14 December 2009 - Sudanese security forces dispersed a peaceful protest organised by the Juba Declaration Forces,

and aimed at presenting a petition to parliament detailing needed legislative changes and demanding the establishment of an enabling environment for free and fair national elections. The crowd was disbursed using tear gas and rubber bullets which led to at least seven people being seriously injured. People were pursued into private homes, pulled out and forced to sit down and be beaten. Several journalists were arrested, and reportedly beaten in police custody. Other journalists reported their cameras and equipment confiscated. Parallel demonstrations in other cities, such as Atbara in North Sudan and Sinja, Blue Nile, were also disrupted and arrests took place.34

11 December 2009 - police authorities in Nyala banned an elections education meeting organised by opposition

parties. The next day, security forces prevented the group from holding a press conference in the Umma party offices in Nyala. The political parties intended to use the press conference to clarify publicly the reasons for the meetings cancellation, but security forces ordered all the reporters to leave. 35

11 December 2009 - security forces arrested four political activists and their driver from a Nyala market. The group

custody of relatives the following day.36

7 December 2009 Though the Juba Declaration Forces had declared that the demonstrations were to be peaceful,

heavily armed riot police lined the streets of Khartoum in the early morning the following day, blocking the roads to

agents confiscated the cameras of international media. Over 250 people were arrested in Khartoum, including Pagan Amum, the S

Kassala, El Fasher, and other major cities.37 6 December 2009 - national security forces assaulted two student activists for distributing fliers with anti-Bashir

messages and to promote voter registration in a public park in Khartoum. The security officers beat them and detained them for several hours. 38

2 December 2009 in South Darfur, the NISS arrested Tifour Al Amin, 29, an accredited Communist Party observer,

while he monitored the Central Nyala Town registration centre at the Abo Sufian School. Prior to this, he had been arrested and detained for 12 hours on 4 November. He was released on 27 December after being subjected to torture and ill-treatment during his detention.39

November December 2009 - In many locations across North Sudan, authorities also interrupted or refused

permission for public events. This included training that civil society organizations conducted about the elections 33 an Human Rights Monitor Issue e for Justice and Peace Studies: December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 34 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 35 Sudan Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 36 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 37 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 38 24th January 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/24/sudan-abuses-undermine-impending-elections.    39 an Human Rights Monitor Issue Studies: December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf

process, such as a December 16 event on voter education in Kosti, White Nile. Security forces searched the premises, confiscated educational materials and equipment, and arrested a member of the Sudanese Human Rights Monitor group, one of the two organizations sponsoring the event.40

8 November 2009 - at a Khartoum registration center, a police officer beat a female student member of the

Communist Party when she refused to surrender her voter registration card to the popular committee. 41 22 October 2009 - in Aweil, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, authorities arrested Tong Lual Ayat, head of the United

Democratic Party. The authorities alleged that his party was not properly registered, detained him in a safe house for two weeks, and then transferred him to a military prison at Wunyiit where he said soldiers tied him to a tree for another 16 days.42

Repression of N G Os and civil society groups 31 August 2010 - A Norwegian aid worker of the NCA was expelled from South Darfur after she talked with the

American hostage that was freed from captivity yesterday.43 30 August 2010 -

supplies for UNAMID in Nyala on Sunday.[1] The pilots are working for Badr Airlines, a private airliner based in Khartoum and operating cargo and passenger air services for humanitarian aid provided by UN agencies in the restive region of Darfur. According to the spokesperson of the Sudanese Armed Forces Sawarmy Khaled the army surrounded the area the kidnappers are believed to be hiding in.44

25 August 2010 - the UN Humanitarian Coordinator marked the 100th

female staff member held in Darfur. He urged the Sudanese authorities to secure her release and to ensure a safe environment for aid workers in Darfur. The woman was abducted by unknown gunmen in mid-May in the village of Abu Ajura in South Darfur. She is the only foreigner kept hostage in Darfur at the moment.45

19 August 2010 - Sudanese government confirmed on Wednesday that it will expel a number of international aid

workers from Darfur, without elaborating how many. On Monday, six international staff of the UN and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) have been verbally told to leave. Foreign Ministry spokesman Muwaia Khaled told the Associated Press that aid workers were being deported individually, and the deportation did

why t

international organization or agency or any quarter that exceeds its stipulated mandate or tries to obstruct the work of

Samuel Hendricks said the recent orders had larger implications th

40 Democracy on Hold, Human Rights Watch Report, 30th June 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2010/06/29/democracy-hold-0. 41 24th January 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/24/sudan-abuses-undermine-impending-elections. 42 Democracy on Hold, Human Rights Watch Report, 30th June 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2010/06/29/democracy-hold-0. 43 Radio Dabanga,31st August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3600. 44 Gunmen se Arab News, 31st August 2010 http://arabnews.com/middleeast/article119724.ece 45 Sudan Tribune, 25h August 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article36073.

about the individuals or the organizations, the point is these people are working in a humanitarian capacity and trying 46

18 August 2010 - Sudan reinstated a ban on humanitarian access to Kalma Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp

deputy spokesman Farhan Haq told AP that representatives of UN agencies and humanitarian organizations

standoff with the Government of Sudan over sheltering six IDP leaders accused of having instigated the clashes in Kalma camp that are wanted by the government. The Human Rights and Advocacy Network for Democracy warned that the humanitarian situation in the camp is worsening and accused the government of preparing a military offensive

ere allowed back into the camp on Wednesday, after having been blocked on Tuesday.47

17 August 2010 - UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon voiced concern over the recent string of violence in Darfur

after two UNAMID peace keepers were abducted on Saturday and in the face of continuing violence in Kalma camp for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) that erupted almost two weeks ago between supporters and opponents of the

of UN staff

and to take all possible measures to ensure that humanitarian access to all Sudanese remains open and humanitarian

blocked in relation to the violent clashes since August 2.48 17 August 2010 - the lawyer Abubakr Mohammed Abubakr was arrested by security forces in Zalingei. According to

witnesses, the lawyer was arrested without being told the reason for his arrest, he was taken to a security office in the east of the city. Human rights groups call for his immediate release or a fair trial.49

15 August 2010 - The UN reported that Sudan expelled five workers of the UN and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) from West Darfur today. According to the head of UNAMID in West Darfur Abdallah al-

International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant against President Al Bashir for war crimes and crimes against humanity in March 2009. 13 international organizations have been expelled from Sudan since then. Today, the heads of the UNHCR (UN refugee agency) and FAO (UN food and agriculture agency) agencies in West Darfur as well as the head of UNHCR agency in Zalengei and both the ICRC's heads of delegation in el-Geneina and Zalengei were asked to leave. UNAMID is currently in a stand-off with the government over the handover of six IDP leaders that sought refuge in one of its bases after fighting broke out in Kalma camp. The six are wanted by the government of South Sudan and are accused of having instigated the violence in the camp. UNAMID refuses to hand them over

to expel any international organization or its staff if they do not cooperate with the government.50

46 Arab News http://arabnews.com/middleeast/article106198.ece.    47   Sudan re- Sudan Tribune, 18th August 2010 ribune.com/spip.php?article35993. 48 17th August 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35974. 49 Radio Dabanga, 19th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3467. 50 Al Jazeera, 16th August 2010 ttp://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/08/2010816131132953930.html.

12 August 2010 - The GoS is still preventing aid agencies from entering Kalma IDP camp. Large parts of the camp have been abandoned due to clashes that broke out almost two weeks ago. Gunfire was exchanged inside the camp again this week. The roughly 50,000 IDPs remaining inside the camp face a lack of water, food and sanitation. Due to heavy rains, stagnant water and a lack of shelter and mosquito nets added to the concern of a malaria outbreak. An interagency team assessing eleven villages around the camp found dire health, sanitation and education conditions and recommended immediate humanitarian intervention to the IDPs and civilians.51

11 August 2010 - The UN urged Sudanese authorities to allow humanitarian organizations access to Kalma

Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp. Aid agencies have been denied access to the camp since fighting broke out there more than a week ago. Thousands of people fled the camp due to the violence, but according to UN spokesman Martin Nesirky, around 50,000 IDPs are still inside the camp, completely cut off of humanitarian assistance. They

humanitarian access to Kalma and to surrounding areas where displaced people have fled." The situation in the camps still remains tense and there have been recent reports of sporadic shooting. UNAMID has stepped up its patrols.52

7 August 2010 - According to the UN, the Government of Sudan (GoS) is still blocking aid access to Kalma camp.

Local authorities are surrounding the camp since August 2 after fighting erupted last week between opponents and supporters of the Darfur peace talks held in Doha. The GoS denies these accusations.53

3 August 2010 - er and one staff member of the international aid

organization were seriously injured, three other staff remained unharmed. Unknown gunmen attacked the car with gun fire. The vehicle had been on its way from Nyala to Menawashi.54

29 July 2010 - two IDPs were killed. The two had been participating in the Doha Civil Society Forum as representatives of the civil society in the IDP camp.55

28 July 2010 - The American woman working for the US-Sudan more than two months ago told Reuters that she is camping in a wadi with about 20 men in the rain and that she is no longer being fed and surviving on camel milk and the little rain water she can manage to collect. She was quoted by Reuter as saying that the situation has become a living nightmare. She also said her captors had become more hostile to her during the recent days, a tactic often used to intimidate hostages and to increase the pressure on the government to pay a ransom.56

27 July 2010 - three Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) were killed by unknown gunmen in clashes in Hamadiya IDP camp in Zalingei in West Darfur. The men were allegedly members or supporters of the Justice and Liberation

51 Radio Dabanga, 13th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3176,  52   UN wants Sudan to lift Darfur camp b Sudan Tribune, 11th August 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35919. 53 Sudan Tribune, 7th August 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35881. 54 4th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/2842. 55 29th July 2010, http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=111:continuing-violence-in-idp-camps-across-darfur-two-more-idps-killed&catid=1:darfur-monitor-daily&Itemid=59. 56 28th July 2010 http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=101:abducted-american-woman-reports-deteriorating-living-conditions&catid=1:darfur-monitor-daily&Itemid=59.

Movement (LJM) that recently signed a cease fire agreement with the Sudanese government and were shot in relation for their alleged support of the Sudanese government.57

27 July 2010 -

Hilfswerk have been released unharmed after having been held hostage for 35 days. A UNAMID helicopter picked them up near Kabkabiya in North Darfur and brought them to Nyala in South Darfur.58

24 July 2010 - The Sudanese foreign ministry yesterday summoned the deputy representative of UNICEF in Sudan to

Equality Movement (JEM) last week regarding the protection of children in conflict. The government is demanding a written explanation from UNICEF as to why it signed this agreement and urged it to step down from it, saying that the JEM did not have any land under its control and that its fighter were being chased away by the Sudanese armed forces. The government furthermore accused the JEM of having recruited child soldiers for its attack on Omdurman in 2008. It reiterated its commitment not to recruit child soldiers in armed conflict.59

15 July 2010 - Two foreign aid workers working with refugees in Darfur for the International Migration Organization

were expelled by the GoS. The Foreign Ministry alleged the two had been carrying out many activities not related to their duties and mandate.60

15 July 2010 Human Righta Watch reports that after the warrant for genocide against al-Bashir was issued, the

government ordered staff members of another international aid organization to leave the country.61

13 July 2010- The Justice and Equality Movement accuses the Sudanese government of planning to drive humanitarian organizations from the region. The Secretary for Humanitarian Affairs of the Justice and Equality Movement, speaking to Radio Dabanga, drew attention to the abductions of foreign aid workers in government sites62

24 June 2010 UN humanitarian staff and partner organisations report that they are being directly targeted by government and government-supported forces with the goal of disrupting or ending the supply of food and humanitarian aid to civilians in Darfuri villages and IDP camps63

15 June 2010 -Albaquir Al-Afif Mukhtar was detained in Khartoum International Airport and prevented from travelling to a conference in Spain. National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS) agents attempted to confiscate his passport, but Dr. Mukhtar refused, arguing that they had no right as it was a British passport. He was released later that morning and received consular services from the British Embassy, who are following his case and have ensured that he has legal representation. The agents ordered him to report the Political Affairs section of NISS on 17 June. Dr. Mukhtar is the Director of the Alkhatim Adlan Center for Enlightenment and Human Development (KACE), as well as the Tamam network, a coalition of over 120 civil society groups who monitored the elections. On 20 May,

57 Three IDPs killed in H 30th July 2010 http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=113:update-three-idps-killed-in-hamadia-five-in-kalma-camp-for-their-support-of-the-doha-peace-negotiations&catid=1:darfur-monitor-daily&Itemid=59. 58 27th July 2010 HAND, http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97:unamid-two-german-aid-workers-released&catid=1:darfur-monitor-daily&Itemid=59 59 - http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=60. 60 - http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=60.  61   July 13th 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 62 Radio Dabanga; 13th July 2010 http://195.190.28.213/node/1964; 63 Eric Reeves; Sudan Tribune; June 24th 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35569;

Dr. Mukhtar was also detained at the airport while attempting to board a flight to the United Kingdom, but was subsequently allowed to travel.64

June 2010 Human Rights Watch reports that security forces violently repress a peaceful protest by Sudanese doctors against their salaries and for better working conditions, detaining six without charge up to 24 June. 2 of these doctors were victims of physical mistreatment by the national security forces.65

25 May 2010 - police forces at the Dalanj University in South Kordofan fired live ammunition and tear gas into a

crowd of demonstrating students, killing two and injuring at least 20. Though the exact reasons for the demonstration

management university dormitories and alleged misconduct.66 May - June 2010 - Human Rights Watch reports that armed bandits kidnapped aid workers, including three

international staff who remain hostages.67

28 March 2010 - Abdelmageed Salih was arrested again by the NISS in Khartoum. He was working at the time with one of the bodies monitoring the elections. He was reportedly interrogated about his work before being released on the same day.68

22 February 2010 - the NISS shut down the office of the Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA) in Nyala. The action followed a training held in conjunction with the Alkatim Adlan Centre for Enlightment and

book published by its director Dr. Albaquir al Afif. The NISS investigated Ms. Mashair, a local officer of SIHA, for two hours before

69 22 February 2010 - NISS agents arrested the human rights activist Taj Albanan Taj Alasfya from his office in the

Imtedad area of Nyala, where he was working for the Justice Africa organisation. Security forces confiscated his books and papers. He was released on 24 February.70

13 February 2010 - the NISS arrested Assad Ali Abdel Aziz, a student at El Fashir University, after he participated in a political discussion at Nyala University. NISS agents took him to an unknown location and his whereabouts are still unknown.71

20 January 2010 - the Sudanese Humanitarian Act Commission expelled 25 humanitarian organizations (working in both the North and South), under articles 14 (1c) and 27 (1) of the Voluntary Humanitarian Work Act of 2006 and

64 Leading Sudanese Activist Prevented from Leaving Sudan and D 15th June 2010 http://acjps.org/. 65 30th June 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/06/30/soudan-les-nombreuses-exactions-sont-de-mauvais-augure-pour-le-r-f-rendum. 66 an Human Rights Monitor Issue http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 67 h: 19th July 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 68 mnesty International, July 2010 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/010/2010/en/7b11e50c-3a0b-4699-8b6f-08a27f751c6c/afr540102010en.pdf. 69 Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf  70  Sudan Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 71 s Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf

Articles 22 and 25(f) of the Regulation on the Registration of Foreign Voluntary Work for 1999. Though the effects of expelling 25 aid organisations could have been catastrophic, most of the groups were no longer operational in Sudan and had not renewed their registrations or submitted reports of their work, and thus their closures had little impact on the humanitarian situation.72

16 January 2010 - human rights defender Abdel Amajeed Salih was released, after spending 6 months and 15 days in United

Popular Front, see below, were held). In his first week of detention, he was subjected to torture and ill-treatment. Salih was not tried or nor charged with any crime during his six month detention. Upon his release, the NISS ordered him to report weekly to their offices and he reported receiving threatening phone calls.73

16 December 2009 - in Kosti, White Nile State, a symposium organised by the Sudan Monitor for Human Rights and the Sudanese Youth Union on elections and democratic transition was cancelled minutes before it was scheduled to begin. NISS officers broke up the symposium and dispersed the crowd gathered. Conference materials were confiscated. An organiser and member of the Sudanese Youth Union, Hatem Salah, was arrested by NISS officers. Mr. Salah was released following his interrogation, which was focused upon his human rights activities.74

8 December 2009 - at the Al Kalakla court complex in Khartoum, three female lawyers Butheina Umar Al Sadiq, Randa Yousif, and Nafisa Al-Nur Hajar were arrested. The three were arrested for posting fliers on behalf of the

udge Bashir Rahama ordered the arrest. The women were held by the police and interrogated, but released the same day without being charged. However, they were immediately re-rearrested outside of the police station by NISS agents and taken to an NISS office in the Abuadam area of Al Kalakla district.75

7 December 2009 - Muhnad Umar and Hazim Khalifa from the Music and Drama Institute were approached by security forces at Al Salaam Park near Il Fitihab Bridge in Omdurman. The two students had been distributing fliers for Girifna, a campaign for free elections. The security forces chased the two students, firing shots into the air in order to force them to stop. When the students stopped they were arrested. Their instruments, a flute and a bass guitar, were smashed. They were taken to NISS offices in Khartoum.76

17 September 2009 security officials interrupted an elections-related symposium organized by civil society organizations, a press conference on elections and referendum organized by a coalition of journalists, and removed elections-related articles from two major newspapers causing the papers to cancel their edition. 77

28 August 2009 - Abdelmageed Salih, a human rights defender of Darfurian origin, was arrested by the NISS in

Khartoum. Despite his fheld, the NISS made no information available for one month. His family was not allowed to see him during the first

72 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 73 an Human Rights Monitor Issue ustice and Peace Studies: December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 74 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 75 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 76 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 77 African Center for Justice and Peace studies: http://acjps.org/Publications/09-17.  December 2009-May 2010  

month of his detention under the NISS when he was held incommunicado. He was held until January 2010 and was moved between various places of detention, some recognized and others unofficial. During this entire period, he was not brought before a court to review the legality of his detention.78

March 2009 - 13 international humanitarian organizations were expelled from Sudan. Three national humanitarian

and human rights organizations were also closed down. The three national organizations closed down by the Sudanese Humanitarian Aid Commission (HAC) were the AMAL centre for the treatment and rehabilitation of victims of torture, the Khartoum Centre for Human Rights and Environmental Development, and the Sudan Social Development Organization (SUDO).79

Media Censorship 8 August 2010, the head of the National Intelligence and Security Services (NISS), Mohammed Atta, lifted the

stringent pre-print censorship policy through which the content of Sudanese newspapers is reviewed nightly prior to publication by NISS agents.80

15 July 2010 Three Sudanese journalists working at a paper belonging to the Popular Congress Party (PCP) were

sentenced to jail by a court on charges of attempting to destabilise the constitutional system. The deputy editor in chief of Rai Al- -Amin was sentenced to five years while two other journalists Al-Tahir Abu Jawhara and Ashraf Abdul-Aziz received two years each. Ramadan Mahjoub, a fourth journalist was acquitted. The judge also ordered the closure of the newspaper.81

6 July 2010 - The National Intelligence and Security Services (NISS) announced that it indefinitely shut down a

newspaper, Al-Intibaha newspaper, saying it had been encouraging secessionist tendencies in the North and South of the country. Al-Ahdath said they also received a late call from state security and pulled their Tuesday edition, which

82 16 June 2010 - the defence attorneys of four journalists of Rai Alshaab newspaper charged with 14 counts of

the accused. The four journalists, Abo Zar Ali Amin, Ashraf Abd Alaziz, Ramadan Mahjoub and Altahir Ibrahim (known as Abo Jawharah) face sentences ranging from the death penalty to life imprisonment. The head of the defence team, Kamal Algizouli, said that the team had withdrawn because they could not effectively defend their clients after four of the witnesses presented to the court were rejected by the prosecution and judges, leaving their hands tied.83

78 July 2010 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/010/2010/en/7b11e50c-3a0b-4699-8b6f-08a27f751c6c/afr540102010en.pdf. 79 July 2010 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/010/2010/en/7b11e50c-3a0b-4699-8b6f-08a27f751c6c/afr540102010en.pdf. 80 ACJPS Welcomes End to Pre-Print Censorship in Sudan; Calls for GrPeace Studies, 10th August 2010 http://www.acjps.org/Publications/Press%20releases/2010/10-08-10ACJPSWelcomesEndtoPre-PrintCensorship.html. 81 Sudanese court sentences three opposit Sudan Tribune:15th July 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35679. 82 Sudan security conducts major crackdown on newspapers accused of promoting Sudan Tribune: 6th July 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35590. 83 Rai Alshaab Journalists Face Death Penalty and Life Imprisonment and Denied Right to a Fair African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies:19th June 2010 DeathPenalty.html" http://acjps.org/Publications/Press%20releases/2010/19-6-10RaiAlshaabJournalistsFaceDeathPenalty.html

6 June 2010 - Al Midan newspaper, an opposition newspaper that is affiliated with the Communist Party and published three times a week, was stopped from going to press by the NISS. As at the end of June, the paper had not been allowed to publish.84

27 May 2010 - nine journalists working for the state-run media were detained for nearly a week after they refused to

d been on strike from the State Southern Sudan Television station when the inauguration took place on 21 May. They were released on 7 June.85

26 May 2010 - Al Sudani, Al Sahafa, and Ajras Alhurria reported that the NISS had taken to a pre-press censorship, in

which they called newspapers editors late in the evening and threatened them not to publish articles. In this instance, articles regarding Turabi, JEM, and the prevention of Salih Mahmoud Osman, Mariam Alsadig Almahadi, and Dr. Albukhari Abdalla from travelling to the ICC Review Conference were targetted. The NISS also ordered that all newspapers not publish a paid announcement calling for the release of Turabi and the Rai Alshaab journalists.86

25 May 2010 - Abu Zar Ali Elamin, the deputy editor in chief of an opposition newspaper, is accused of terrorism and

espionage. Prosecutors also charge that he attempted to undermine the constitutional order. The journalist, whose Rai arrested with three other newspaper staff on

the morning of 15 May.87 20 May 2010 -

night, Ajras Al Huriya and Al Sahafa. The officers censored three whole pages from each paper.88 19 May 2010 - security officials entered the offices of another opposition newspaper, Ajras Alhurria, which had been

acting as host to journalists from Rai al-Shaab and running its logo in an act of solidarity. Security officials ordered editors to remove 6 of 12 pages, forcing the paper to cancel the edition. The banned articles reported the arrests of al-Turabi and the journalists, and the escalating violence in Darfur. Security officials also went to the offices of two other newspapers, Alsahafa and Alsudani, to remove articles.89

17 May 2010 - police forces dispersed a demonstration led by PCP supporters at the University of Sudan protesting

the arrest of Turabi. The police brutally suppressed the demonstration, arresting Hisham Osman, a student at the Sudan University College of Engineering. 90

15 May 2010 - Human Rights Watch reports the arrest and detention of journalists and the resumption of censorship

leading to the suspension of three journalists. Amnesty International notes that four employees of the national Rai Al

Baker Al Sammani, and administrator Nagi Dahab, were arrested in Sudan's capital, Khartoum, by the National

84 July 2010 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/010/2010/en/7b11e50c-3a0b-4699-8b6f-08a27f751c6c/afr540102010en.pdf. 85 an Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf  86 Sudan Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 87 Detained Sudanese journalist accused of terrorism Radio Dabanga: 25th May 2010 http://195.190.28.213/node/1079. 88 Radio Dabanga: 20th May 2010 http://195.190.28.213/node/1024. 89 - http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/05/24/sudan-end-post-election-repression. 90 Sudan Human Rights Monitor Issue December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf

Intelligence and Security Services (NISS). These arrests followed the arrest of Hassan Al Turabi, leader of the opposition Popular Congress Party. 91

15 May 2010 - two journalists, Al Hajj Ali Warrag and Fayez Al Slik were interrogated by the Press Council in

relation to an article that was written by Al Hajj Ali Warrag on 6 April 2010 and published by Ajrass Al Hurriya. The article supported the boycotting of the elections and claimed that the general elections were being rigged. The NISS had filed the original complaint to the Prosecution of Press and Publications, claiming the article was promoting false news and was offensive to the state.92

13 May 2010 - NISS agents refused to grant the Tayba Press to hold a scheduled symposium at Sharjah Hall called

93

9 May 2010 - the editor of Ajras Alhurria, Faiz Sheikh Alcelik, was summoned to the criminal court of Khartoum North on the grounds of the complaint raised by NISS against him and Alhaj Warag. They were accused under Article 66 of the Criminal Code 1991 and Articles 24 and 26 of the Press and Publications Act of 2008, concerning publishing false news and the diminution of the prestige of the state, respectively. The hearing was adjourned till 16 May, due to the absence of Alhaj Warrag.94

4 May 2010 - the Council of Press and Publications suspended Ajras Alhurria and Al-Ahram. 95

23 April 2010 - Bonifacio Taban Kuich was arrested while covering the general protest across Bentiu town, following

the announcement by the State High Election Committee and the National Election Commission (NEC) that the SPLM incumbent caretaker governor, Taban Deng Gai, had won the gubernatorial election against his main independent rival, Angelina Teny. He was held for 13 days before being released. On Monday 10th May, 2010, he went to Bentiu FM office to continue his work but was informed that he had been dismissed effective from the day of his arrest.96

29 January 2010 - the first Deputy Attorney General for Press and Publications issued an internal circular to all

newspapers to not publish any information regarding the electronic waste case. Many daily newspapers had published stories about 36 ministers involved in the exportation of electronic waste when the Secretary General for Communications and Information Technology revealed that many containers of electronic waste had been exported from Europe and were now in Port Sudan. The Attorney General for Consumer Protection is reportedly investigating the case.97

10 March 2010 - the head of the Judiciary in Bahri Khartoum North, detained Mozdalifa Mohamed Osman, a

journalist with Alahdath daily newspaper, without following legal procedures. Ms. Osman was detained following publication of documents containing a internal request to the Khartoum State governor from the Head of Judiciary to

91 30th June 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/06/30/soudan-les-nombreuses-exactions-sont-de-mauvais-augure-pour-le-r-f-rendum. Amnesty International: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/017/2010/en/f5db358a-d4fa-41a4-8263-516ecb98b818/afr540172010en.pdf. 92 July 2010 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/010/2010/en/7b11e50c-3a0b-4699-8b6f-08a27f751c6c/afr540102010en.pdf. 93 Sudan Human Rights Monitor Issue 5 December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf  94   December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 95 December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 96 Sudan Tribune: http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35068. 97 December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf

apply stricter punishment for begging, which is currently punishable by 10 lashes. Ms. Osman received a phone call ordering her to go to the judiciary building in Bahri and meet the head of the Judiciary. Upon her arrival, she was ordered by the Head of the Judiciary to reveal the source of the document, and criticized for not coming to him before publishing the document.98

16 December 2009 - four NISS agents entered the Kosti Club in White Nile State, where a forum on the freedom of

the media during the election period was to take place. The forum was cancelled after the agents switched off all the lights and asked for the keys of the club. One participant, Ali Hamed, was threatened while outside talking on his mobile phone.99

15 December 2009 - Security forces dispersed a peaceful protest organised by the Juba Declaration Forces and Nine

journalists were arrested, including seven from Soaut el Umma newspaper, and Lucia John from Al-Sharouk TV and Rashan Oshi, a journalist from Al Tayar newspaper. These detainees were reportedly beaten in police custody. Several other journalists and correspondents of international media were beaten in the streets and a number had their cameras and other equipment confiscated.100

December 2009 - authorities removed an article on Darfur before publication from the newspaper Sudani, which had

been written by columnist Alhaj Warrag, a former president of the board of the opposition paper Ajras al-Hurriya.101 8 June 2009 - The Press and Printed Materials Bill of 2009 inhibits already severely limited freedoms of the press and

law, and pre-publication censorship remains the prerogative of the intelligence services.102 16 April 2009 - Harsh press censorship has pushed Sudanese editors of Al-Midan newspaper to decide to not print

their weekly edition on Wednesday.103 14 April 2009 -Al Midan, a pro-Sudanese Communist Party weekly was also ordered by the security service to not

not publish some 17 articles from Wednesday edition.104 March 2009 the

March to censor a speech by Umma party presidential candidate Sadiq al Mahdi, prompted opposition party members 105

January-June 2009 - Sudan Tribune reports that security officials prevented publication of newspapers on at least 10

occasions through heavy censorship, harassed or arrested journalists and the author of a book on Darfur, and shut down an organization that was training and supporting journalists. 106

98 December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 99 December 2009-May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 100 African Centre for Justice condemns mass arrests i Sudan Tribune:15th December 2009 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article33469. 101 Democracy on Hold, Human Rights Watch Report, 30th June 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2010/06/29/democracy-hold-0. 102 Sudan Elections and Southern Self- Sudan Tribune:8th June 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31662.    103   Sudan Tribune: 16th April 2009 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article30900. 104 Sudan Tribune: 14th April 2009 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article30900. 105 Democracy on Hold, Human Rights Watch Report, 30th June 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2010/06/29/democracy-hold-0. 106 Sudan Tribune:January June 2009 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article32701.

10 July 2010 - A woman was killed in Korma, about 60 km northwest of El Fasher, by three armed men allegedly

related to the Border Intelligence Guards. The woman was shot at around 7 pm when she was walking back to her house from the market. Most likely the perpetrators were interested in looting the money and goods the woman purchased from the market. The Border Intelligence has been wrecking havoc in the region during the last month or two, raping a girl and attacking villagers in related incidents.107

3 July 2010 - A 10-year old girl was raped by a Border Intelligence Guard militia man deployed in Korma. The

Sudanese government deployed the border guards in September 2009 to protect Korma after it was taken from SLA Wahid. Ever since then, Arab militia harassed, looted and raped the local population living in the area. Korma is situated about 60 km northwest of El Fasher.108

1 July 2010 - Nahla was reportedly rearrested by the NISS (after she was initially arrested in 2008), after two of the

individuals who had been released on bail under the same charges disappeared. During the time she spent in NISS detention and in the Criminal Investigations Bureau, Nahla was reportedly tortured and otherwise ill-treated. Following this, she was transferred to Omdurman prison where such practices allegedly ceased and where she was allowed weekly visits by her family. No investigations have been carried out into the allegations of torture and other forms of ill- rison.109

31 May 2010 - in Abu Suruj, soldiers and militia detained a group of women at a water source and drove them away.

One of the women reported later that she had been held and raped for three days.110 24 May 2010 - an unknown armed group broke up an engagement party in the female dormitories at the request of a

dormitory supervisor, beating the women with iron sticks. The gang is believed to be affiliated with the Students Support Fund. A third year student in the Faculty of Science, Halima Musa, was seriously injured and later died after being denied medical care by the Students Support Fund and the dormitory administration.111

November 2009 - women from experience to be amenable to application even to a situation where men and

estimation of the Public Order Police, which makes them discriminatory and susceptible to be used to target individuals for their real or perceived political opinion or their legitimate activities.112

107 th November http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=60. 108 10- 3rd July 2010 http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=80:10-year-old-girl-raped-by-border-intelligence-guard&catid=1:darfur-monitor-daily&Itemid=59. 109 July 2010 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/010/2010/en/7b11e50c-3a0b-4699-8b6f-08a27f751c6c/afr540102010en.pdf. 110 19th July 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 111 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf  112 , the Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa,February 2010 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/010/2010/en/7b11e50c-3a0b-4699-8b6f-08a27f751c6c/afr540102010en.pdf.

7 September 2009 Female Sudanese journalist was convicted by a local court today of ordered to pay a fine of 500 pounds ($200).113

4 August 2009 - Police fired teargas and beat supporters of a Sudanese woman facing 40 lashes for wearing trousers

in public shortly before her trial was adjourned. Police in Khartoum moved in swiftly and dispersed about 50 protesters, mostly women, who were supporting Lubna Hussein, a former UN worker charged with "indecent dressing" in violation of the country's Islamic laws.114

3 July 2009 13 women were arrested at the Umm Kulthum restaurant in the Riyadh area, east of Khartoum for

wearing lashes and a fine of 250

Sudanese pounds. Three of the women were under 18 years of age.115

March 2009 the area of protection and sexual violence, were particularly targeted by the HAC, which has close links with the NISS in Darfur. he harassment of women human rights defenders often goes unnoticed and unreported by international human rights organizations. Women human rights defenders in Khartoum for instance are seldom detained and tortured. They suffer instead from forms of harassment and intimidation, including being closely monitored and followed by NISS agents, having NISS agents visit their offices, and receiving text messages and phone calls by NISS. Such harassment restricts their ability to move freely and to perform their work.116

Attacks against civilians 14 September 2010 - A group gunmen set fire to dozens of shops and looted in Hamadiya Internally Displaced

Persons (IDP) camp in Zalingei. On September 3, the camp had been attacked by gunmen killing eleven and wounding many more. According to a source, the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA-MM) faction of Minni Minawi was present in the camp during the latest incident and managed to arrest two of the perpetrators. Intelligence personnel demanded the handover of the two arrested, but the SLA refused to do so and instead handed them over to the police for investigation.117

13 September 2010 Radio Dabanga reports that figures showing the extend of criminal acts conducted in the region of Gereida in South Darfur since 2003 have been compiled: 800 people have been killed in nine battles, 900 others were injured, 1,000 women widowed and 4,800 children orphaned, 320 villages and 33 markets were burnt down, an estimated 70,000 cattle were stolen and 163,000 people were forced to flee their homes. The citizens of the area urge to bring the perpetrators to justice.118

8 September 2010 - According to UNAMID another three people have died after the attack on Hamadiya Internally

Displaced Persons (IDP) camp on Sep119

113 udan trousers jou Sudan Tribune:7th September 2009 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article32389. 114 Sudan police beat protesters as woman goes on trial for wea The Guardian: 4th August 2009 http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/aug/04/sudan-woman-trousers-court. 115 Amnesty International: February 2010 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/005/2010/en/6652ea12-7bbb-498f-b09e-ab27ef8d7e9b/afr540052010en.pdf. 116 July 2010 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/010/2010/en/7b11e50c-3a0b-4699-8b6f-08a27f751c6c/afr540102010en.pdf. 117   Radio  Dabanga,  http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3760.    118   Residents  of  Gereida  are Radio  Dabanga,  http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3743.    119

8 September 2010 - Mukashfi Mohammed Saleh told Radio Dabanga that he participated in the attack on Hamadiya

camp on Friday, along with thirteen others, with the aim of eliminating seven people inside the camp, allegedly as a reprisal for what happened to them during the first clashes inside the camp in July.120

8 September 2010 - The Sudanese army prevented UNAMID from accessing the town of Tarabat that witnessed a

deadly attack by unknown gunmen during which 57 people died and another 80 were wounded on Thursday last week.121 Secretary General of the UN, Ban Ki Moon, called on the Sudanese government to facilitate the movement of UNAMID troops.122

7 September 2010 - Three of the five assailants wanted by the attackers of Hamadiya were killed during the attack,

Radio Dabanaga reported later on Tuesday. The attackers threatened to attack the camp again to kill the remaining two, sources stated. The three IDPs killed were Adam Ismail Bush, Zalingei camp coordinator, Mohamed Abdullah Khater, chairman of the youth, and Mustafa Adam Khari, IDPs reported.123

7 September 2010 - More than 50 people were killed in an attack of an unidentified armed group on the village of

Tarabat in North Darfur last Thursday, while six IDP died and 20 others were injured in a protracted firefight in Hamadiya IDP camp on early Saturday morning. UNAMID dispatched a team to assess the situation and three medical personnel treated the wounded. In total, almost 60 people were killed during the last week.124

4 September 2010 - Seven people were killed and 20 wounded in clashes in Hamadiya Internally Displaced Persons

(IDP) camp near Zalingei, West Darfur, today in the morning, UNAMID reported. This comes only two days after rebels accused pro-government militias of attacking a market place in Tarabat, North Darfur, killing up to 54 people. UNAMID peacekeepers have finally been allowed to visit the area around the village of Tarabat to check the details of the attack.125 The government denied any involvement in the attack on Hamadiya camp, saying the fighting took place between the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) of Abdel Wahid Al Nur and the Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM) led by Tijani Sese. The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) condemned the attack and called on UNAMID head Ibrahim Gambari to resign and on UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to hold a Security Council emergency meeting to discuss ways to protect civilians in Darfur.126 According to sources, leaders of the Popular

attasaid the SLA erected barriers between the attackers and the camp, trying to fight the attackers with all kinds of weapons. According to a third source those killed in the attack were buried in a mass grave in Zalingei, the ceremony was attended by thousands of citizens.127 Accusing him of failing to carry out his mandate of protecting civilians in Darfur, the JEM called on UNAMID head Ibrahim Gambari to resign. The JEM was referring to the latest deadly fighting in a market in Tarabat that left dozens of people dead, among them schoolchildren, and to fighting inside

120 Radio Dabanaga, 8th September 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3689. 121 Radio Dabanga,8th September 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3693http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article36229. 122 th September 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article36236 123 Radio Dabanga, http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3680. 124 Fresh clashes in Darfur kill dozens of civilians, UN- UN News, http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=35847&Cr=Darfur&Cr1=. 125 http://arabnews.com/middleeast/article126195.ece. 126 Local official denies government role in attack on Da Radio Dabanga, http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3668. 127 Radio Dabanga, http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3671.

Hamadiya IDP camp. In a statement, the JEM accused UNAMID of being complicit in the camp attack saying the

of the camp, then coming afterwards to write reports only." The JEM furthermore called on the UN to discuss the deterGovernment of West Darfur accused UNAMID of non-cooperation by turning a blind eye to lawlessness inside the IDP camps, naming the unlawful burial of corpses inside Hamadiya camp after the recent clashes as an example.128

3 September 2010 - Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) said militiamen attacked Hamadiya IDP camp in West

Darfur on Saturday night, killing six IDPs. According to witnesses, UNAMID was called for help but only arrived to the scene three hours after the end of the attack. The attackers are allegedly camping in the proximity of the camp, the residents expect new clashes. A witness from the camp said the IDPs refused UNAMID and the Red Cross to take the wounded IDPs, since they would later face arrest by government authorities. The attack was confirmed by UNAMID, but the mission did not state who was responsible for it. The SLA accused government affiliated militia of having carried out the attack, the government however denies these accusations.129

2 September 2010 - Five people were killed and ten others wounded in renewed clashes within the Gimr tribe in the

area of Gali in Katila Locality, South Darfur on Tuesday. According to sources, an armed group riding camels, horses and Land Cruisers attacked from the southwest of Khor Shmam area at 8 am. The president of the pastoralists in Katila Locality Tayeb Abdel Rahman said the attack was launched by a group of more than 300 people. He called on the state authorities to intervene.130

2 September 2010 - 57 people were killed and 86 wounded in an attack carried out by gunmen on a market in El

Fasher, capital of North Darfur. According to witnesses, gunmen in military uniforms arrived to the market riding horses, camels and Land Cruisers and started to randomly shoot in the crowded market area of Tabarat. The omda (tribal leader) of Rwanda camp in Tawila accused Janjaweed of being behind thaccusing them of committing genocide. He said the government had been against the market which is located in rebel-held territory and had threatened to close it. The attack was continued on Friday in the villages of Hashaba and Birakao in the area of Tawila, forcing villagers to seek refuge at a UNAMID base in Tawila. UNAMID spokesperson Chris Cycmanick said the peacekeepers had received reports of the massacre and sent a battalion of Rwandan peacekeepers, who were refused access to the scene by the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA). Another UN source stated that most of the victims were of the non-Arab Fur tribe and were residents in an IDP camp. An army spokesperson denied any involvement of army troops, contradicting reports that the attack may have been part of a wider offensive against territory controlled by the SLA. An SLA spokesperson said the attack began on Thursday afternoon and continued Friday with the support of helicopters and Antonov aircraft. Sudan Tribune reported the incident as follows: 74 people were killed and 79 wounded in an attack by militiamen loyal to the Sudanese government on a crowd in Tarabat, Jebel Marra, North Darfur, a village inhabited by farmers. Abdel Rahman Nimir, a military spokesperson of the SLA, said the assailants were led by the notorious militia leader Al Nur Ahmed and is based in the seven kilometer far village of Ome. Among the dead were 18 schoolchildren. The Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) denied the attacks on Friday, saying that army troops had been attacked by a group of bandits and simply repelled the attackers, killing 27 of them. According to UNAMID, the news agency Reuters disposes of reports about the death of 45 people, killed in the attack. The SLA spokesperson Nimir dismissed the reports of UNAMID that claimed peacekeepers arriving to the area were denied access by the SLA. He urged the mission to intervene and to protect the

128 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article36196. 129 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article36183. 130 tribe in South Darfur, Radio Dabanga, 2nd September 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3635.

Justice and Peace Studies yesterday called on the international community to invest more efforts to protect civilians in Darfur.131

2 September 2010 - Fighting took place at a local market in Darfur on Thursday. The spokesperson of the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) in the area, Ibrahim Al Helw, said government-allied militia stormed the market, firing indiscriminately at people, killing 80 and whisking away the bodies in trucks. A UNAMID peacekeeping force was first refused to the scene by rebel fighters, but later, UNAMID was able to verify that 37 people were killed and 30 others injured. Other violent clashes took place in Hamadiya refugee camp on Friday night, continuing into the morning of Saturday.132

24 August 2010 - Gunmen wearing military uniforms robbed a shop in El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur on

Sunday, injuring two men. According to a witness, the gunmen arrived in a 4x4 Land Cruiser and asked the two shop workers to give them money, when one of the two asked for the identity of the attackers, one of the gunmen opened fire and wounded the workers.133

24 August 2010 - Radio Dabanga reported that Abbala gunmen burnt the villages Kolma and Tertora in Kass locality

and looted four vehicles on Sunday. A tribal leader said 130 people that died during the fighting have already been buried, while many corpses are still lying in the open in areas of recent fighting.134

24 August 2010 - Two young people were killed and one women and her son wounded by unknown gunmen who

attacked a house in Um Rabub neighborhood of Kabkabiya in the early morning. According to a witness, the situation in the city is very dangerous.135

23 August 2010 - A Misseriya leader said at least 88 people were killed and another 32 injured in the clashes with the

Rizeigat tribe that broke out last week after a period of relative calm that followed the signing of a reconciliation deal between the two tribes in June this year. It is not known how many Rizeigat were killed. According to a second source, the fighting caused 4,000 people to flee into Kass town. The humanitarian situation is deteriorating - especially so due to the rainy season - and fighting continued over the weekend. The newly displaced people set up a

Martolo and Borunga in Wadi Milla. Fighting was reported in the areas Durso, Karandee, Gubo and Gemiza Lagaro. According to the omda of Gemeza, a tribal leader in Kass, several villages were looted along Wadi Milla, from Milla up to Borunga.136

20 August 2010 - The tribal clashes between the Rizeigat and Misseriya spread from South to West Darfur. There

were dozens of dead and wounded innew clashes in the areas of Tanaku and Duraysa in Wadi Salih. According to sources, a joint police-army force was ordered to move to the scene. In Kass locality in South Darfur, clashes continued for the fourth day in a row with new dead and wounded. The governor of South Darfur Hamid Musa Kasha reportedly arrived to the scene.137

131   Radio  Dabanga,  http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3658militiamen  kill  over  70  people  in  Jebel  Marra     Sudan  Tribune,  http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article36173.    132   Al  Jazeera,  http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/09/20109423526990216.html.    133 Gunmen injure two Radio Dabanga 24th August 2010, http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3521. 134 Radio Dabanga, 24th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3522.  135   Radio Dabanga,24th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3549. 136 , Radio Dabanga, 23rd August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3505. 137 Radio Dabanga, 20th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3476.

18 August 2010 - 25 people were killed and seven injured in fresh clashes between the two Arab MIsseriya and Rizeigat tribes in the areas of Bbanusa, Jabaloyeh and Wadi Milla, southwest of Kass, South Darfur on Monday and Tuesday. The two tribes reached a peace deal in late June this year but resumed fighting nevertheless. According to a witness, some fighters used heave weapons and the government did nothing to stop the fighting. UNAMID is planning a mission to the villages.138

14 August 2010 - Sudanese authorities continue to block relief efforts to eastern Jebel Marra since February this year

and to Kalma camp since the beginning of this month, said the UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergeny Relief Coordinator John Holmes. Approximately 82,000 are affected by the blockade of Kalma camp,

been in close contact with the relevant Sudanese authorities to restore access to both Kalma and Eastern Jebel Marra, but until todarapidly, Holmes said.139

14 August 2010 - Tens of gunmen in three Land Cruiser 4x4 vehicles attacked the villages Tabofuto, Hajr Gadeen

and Um Zalfeh east of Kass in South Darfur on Thursday. They burned homes and looted livestock, one person was injured. The incident was reported to authorities in Kass.140

12 August 2010 - The Sudan Liberation Movement by Abdul Wahid Al Nur accused government air planes of

Nimr Abdelrahman said that dozens of homes were burnt and dozens of citizens were displaced due to the attacks.141 9 August 2010 - According to Nimr Abdelrahman, the military spokesman of the Sudan Liberation Movement faction

of Abdul Wahid Al Nur, at least five people were killed and seven other were wounded during aerial bombardment carried out by the Sudanese army in the east of Jebel Marra. The army did not confirm this report142

8 August 2010 - Gunmen using three government vehicles fired about 40 explosive projectiles inside Kalma camp on

Thursday. The explosives fell at centres 1,2 and 3, terrorizing the remaining displaced persons in the camp.143 4 August 2010 - A group of young Muslim men have been publicly flogged in Sudan after they were convicted of

wearing women's clothes and make-up. The court said the 19 men had broken Sudan's strict public morality codes. Police arrested them at a party where they were found dancing "in a womanly fashion", the judge said. The men were not represented in court and said nothing in their defence, some hid their faces from the hundreds of people who watched as they were lashed.144

4 August 2010 - the Sudanese armed forces stationed around Kalma camp for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in

South Darfur launched rocket attacks on the camp in an attempt to scare the inhabitants that did not flee the fighting that erupted in the camp during the last week.145

138 Radio Dabanga,18th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3411 139 Radio Dabanga, 14th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3323. 140 ,Radio Dabanga,14th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3338. 141 SLA- Radio Dabanga,12th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3132. 142 9th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/3017. 143 Gunmen using government vehicles fire explosi 8th August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/2982.    144   Cross-dressing men flogged in Sudan for being 'womanly', BBC News, 4th August 2010 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-10871494. 145 4th August 2010 http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=144:confirmed-government-troops-fired-rockets-into-kalma-camp-arrests-activists-and-denies-aid-fro-the-camp-inhabitants&catid=1:darfur-monitor-daily&Itemid=59.

1 August 2010 - The security authorities in the town of Zalingei arrested Idriss Fadil and Ahmed Mursal. They took them to an unknown destination. Their families demanded their release or a fair trial.Outside of El Fasher, security forces also detained a displaced man named Ahmed Abbas, yesterday morning in Abu Shouk camp. They took him to an unknown destination. Witnesses in the camp told Radio Dabanga that three vehicles broke into the camp and security men got out to arrest Ahmed Abbas. According to one of his relatives, who went to the police station to ask his whereabouts, the police said they did not know where he was.146

30 July 2010 - at least 16 people died and 30 were wounded when supporters and opponents of the Darfur peace

negotiations in Doha took to the streets in protest against each other and started fighting.147 24 July 2010 - Leaders in Ardamata IDP camp, near El Geneina, West Darfur, have approached UNAMID with

reports that a number of residents who left the camps to cultivate crops on their lands were harassed by armed men. Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) claimed that they were physically assaulted in four locations less than 10 kilometers outside El Geneina. The armed men reportedly destroyed the seedlings and replanted the farmlands, having claimed them as their own. With the beginning of the rainy season this month, IDPs all over Darfur have received seeds and farm tools and many felt safe enough to leave the camps regularly to farm their lands. UNAMID brought the matter to the attention of local authorities and will meet with them to help to prevent similar incidents in the future in order to encourage IDPs to voluntarily return to their regions.148

28 June 2010 Radio Dabanga reports that People in the displaced camp of Mershing in South Darfur said that they

cannot farm out of fear of armed militias as the militias rob the camp residents. A Camp resident said the displaced cannot go to their farms for fear of attack against them, adding that the militias also practice rape.149

25 June Eric Reeves notes that not only are the populations in many [IDP] camps increasing rapidly camps

without sufficient capacity for the present number of displaced persons but some victims of recent military attacks by Khartoum and its militia proxie

ainy season which is heavy in those highland areas. The refugees are now in the open without shelter, he said, and the government refuses to allow aid agencies to access the

150

22 June 2010 - A group of Border Intelligence Guards camping along the main road between El Fasher and El Kabkabiya in a place called Om attacked villagers walking towards their village along the road. Six of the villagers were killed. All the property of about 25 people was looted.151

17 June 2010 - The Sudan Liberation Movement faction led by Abdel Wahid Mohammed Nur accuses government forces and militias of attacking civilians in villages northeast of Kutum, forcing hundreds to flee to Kutum, saying the attacks are intended to prevent inhabitants of those villages who have returned from cultivating during the autumn.152

146 Security Service detains citizens in Za 1st August 2010 http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/2765. 147 Confirmed: Government troops fired rockets into Kalma camp, arrests activists and denies aid fro the camp i 30th July 2010 http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=144:confirmed-government-troops-fired-rockets-into-kalma-camp-arrests-activists-and-denies-aid-fro-the-camp-inhabitants&catid=1:darfur-monitor-daily&Itemid=59. 148 - http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=60. 149 Radio Dabanga; June 28th 2010 http://195.190.28.213/node/1519; 150 Eric Reeves; Sudan Tribune; June 25th 2010 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35569; 151 Border Intelligence Guards attack and loot villagers . HAND,22nd June 2010 http://www.hand-sudan.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78:border-intelligence-guards-attack-and-loot-villagers&catid=1:darfur-monitor-daily&Itemid=59.    152  Radio Dabanga; June 17th 2010 http://195.190.28.213/node/1379;

16 June 2010 - Internally displaced people (IDPs) in El Fasher, North Darfur accuses the government of selling items that had been donated to the IDPs by Arab countries. The government allegedly introduced the donated food items into the market rather than conveying them to the displaced. One resident who works in a warehouse said that he witnessed 300 jerry cans of donated

15 June 2010 The Misseriya tribe accuses a rival tribe of military cooperation with uniformed Border Guards in

recent clashes in west and south Darfur. A tribal leader suggested that the Rizeigat thereby used the government military apparatus against the Misseriya. In fighting that begun on 4 June in villages some 20 kilometres west of Kass, 41 were killed and 16 injured, according to an assessment mission led by UN peacekeepers on 10 June153

10 June 2010 - bombing at Dida, near Katur, killed four civilians, including a three-year-old boy.154

10 June 2010 - A woman is wounded in the Shangil Tobayi when gunmen opened fire on a group of seven women

who refused to comply with an attempt to rape them. The women were on their way to collect firewood outside Shangil Tobaya camp. The wounded woman was brought to El Fasher to receive medical treatment. Police arrested two of the perpetrators who were part of the Border Guards, a government militia155

4 June 2010 - Members of one of the Government-backed Janjaweed militias in South Darfur gunned down a sheikh of Mershing Camp, according to a leader of the camp residents. Sheikh Abakr Hamid went outside of the camp on a trip to gather firewood when he was spotted by the janjaweed who opened fire immediately, killing him. The Janjaweed then went into the camp and began firing in the air. The militia is always coming to the area of Mershing with their weapons, a camp leader said.156

1 June 2010 - Thirty soldiers belonging to a government-

houses in block eight of Hassa Hissa camp in Zalingei. A resident of the area said that four cows, four donkeys, and nine goats died in the fire. A unit from the military intelligence forces arrested a blind sheikh of the camp who is

home at the time of the raid. The displaced people said that the soldiers had found the body of one of their colleagues near the camp. He appeared to have died of wounds received in a fight near the camp.157

31 May 2010 - One witness reported to a local aid group that in Abu Suruj, he saw soldiers and militia detain a group

of women at a water source and drive them away. One of the women reported later that she had been held and raped for three days158

19 May 2010 An aerial bombing campaign by the Government of Sudan had targets water reservoir where civilians with their livestock gather for water in Wergeniga, West Darfur. The reservoir, called Khazzan Wergeniga, is made by walls of sand in heaps to collect water during the rainy season and holds water for the period of dry season. The Government of Sudan used to target these locations through the past eight years to kill civilians and animals that the

153 Radio Dabanga; June 15th 2010 http://195.190.28.213/node/1347; 154 19th July 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 155 Radio Dabanga; June 10th 2010 http://195.190.28.213/node/1292; 156 Eric Reeves; Humanitarian Conditions in Darfur: An Overview (Part 2); July 1st 2010http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?page=imprimable&id_article=35569; 157 Eric Reeves; Humanitarian Conditions in Darfur: An Overview (Part 1); July 1st 2010http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?page=imprimable&id_article=35569; 158 Human Rights Watch; July 19th 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur;

villagers depend on. Sources suggest (via phone), that this last raid killed at least 25 civilians, wounded many, and killed many animals. The dead were 8 shepherds, 9 women, and 8 children159

6 May 2010 - Unverified reports published on ionsudan.net suggest that a government-owned Antonove plane

bombed civilians while they were getting water from a well near the village of Gallabat, about 25 miles west of El Fasher. The bombing killed Sharafia Ahmed Mohamed (A female in her 40s) and Magbola Gumaah, and her son.160

5 May 2010 - government forces bombed villages near Galap, in North Darfur, killing three civilians and destroying

several homes.161 5 May 2010 - Unverified reports published on ionsudan.net suggest that the SAF (Sudan Air Force) plane dropped a

bomb on civilians near village of Tabit (between El Fasher and Nyala), killing a woman, her baby, and her donkey. Eyewitnesses near Nyala said that they saw a military airplane coming from north (probably the same plane that killed the woman and her baby).162

3 May 2010 Witnesses say that Government aircraft dropped 9 bombs onto the West Darfuri village of Gibbashah,

163 2 May 2010 - Human Rights Watch reports that militias arrived in the early morning and began harassing and

shooting at civilians in Hilelat, a town on the western side of the mountain on the road to Kulbus, a government-controlled town on the Chad border. One man reported that he saw six civilians shot at when they were running away from the attack. Four were killed and two severely injured. 164

2 May 2010 - some victims organised a peaceful protest to submit a memorandum to the governor requesting that

their assets be restored after more than 50 arrests were made in connection to the market. The police blocked the way names of the

dead taken to the El Fashir Civilian hospital were released, but not of those taken to the Military Hospital.165 29 April 2010 Human Rights Watch reports of bombs which reportedly killed nine civilians in Girgigirgi, a village

15 kilometers east of Jebel Mun.166 28 April 2010 Unverified reports published on ionsudan.net suggest that the Government of Sudan has resumed

aerial bombings in Darfur. In Bagi Gargi, West Darfur, the Sudanese Air Force (Using Antonove bombers, Mig Fighters and Helicopter gunships) raided many villages killing at least 9 civilians. JEM sources said that their bases in the area were also subject to the bombings.167

159 Eric Reeves; Humanitarian Conditions in Darfur: An Overview (Part 2); July 1st 2010http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?page=imprimable&id_article=35569;  160  I On Sudan; May 6th 2010 http://ionsudan.net/reports/view/145; 161 19th June 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 162 I On Sudan; May 5th 2010 http://ionsudan.net/reports/view/145; 163 Radio Dabanga; May 3rd 2010 http://195.190.28.213/node/818; 164 19th June 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 165 Sudan Human Rights Monito December 2009 May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf 166 19th June 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 167 I On Sudan; April 28th 2010 http://ionsudan.net/reports/view/132;

19 April 2010 SLM forces report that Government aircraft bombed three villages in the Jebel Marra region of

Darfur killing a mother and baby and causing many injuries and a high level of displacement.168 1 April 2010 - Thousands of villagers gather in Kass amid fear of attacks and fighting in South Darfur. One observer

estimated that 7000 families are in the area, but an aid worker told Radio Dabanga that the Humanitarian Aid Commission puts the number at 14,000 households and 43,000 individuals. They came to Kass after clashes between Misseriya and Nuwayba, a camel herding sub tribe of the Rizeigat Arabs.Misseriya IDPs describe the attacks as undertaken by the government. They said that some attackers were wearing uniforms. In Bulbul, 30 kilometres from Kass, villagers fled when they heard and saw the oncoming attackers. They also witnessed attackers shoot some men and women and drive over bodies with vehicles169

11 March 2010 Radio Dabanga reports that Government aircraft bombed the town of Moo, near Mount Isa in North Darfur. There was one death and the injured included Saleh Adam Isaac, Vice President of SLM-Juba.170

1 March 2010 AFP reports that rebels say that more than 200 civilians dead in Darfur clashes with Sudanese

government troops over the past week in the war-torn western region's central Jebel Marra plateau.171 March 2010 - fighting within rebel factions, as well as clashes between rebel groups and government military forces,

killed up to 400 civilians, according to an estimate by the peacekeeping mission. The renewed hostilities have also displaced tens of thousands of people and obstructed humanitarian assistance to the region. Very little information has emerged about the fighting, as neither the UN nor humanitarian agencies have been able to reach the affected areas. Humanitarian groups that had access to some parts of eastern Jebel Mara in May estimated that 50,000 people had been displaced from that area alone.172

26 February 2010 - A government offensive against a rebel group in central Darfur, a United Nations official says on

Friday, February 26th. Samuel Hendricks, a United Nations humanitarian official, said the fighting in a stronghold of the Sudan Liberation Army in Jebel Marra had escalated, with confirmed reports of aerial bombardments in Deribat [main town, with a civilian population of 35,000] and two other surrounding areas173

19 February 2010- Human Rights Watch reports of militias carrying out an attack on the town of Deribat. A 16-year-

old school girl from Deribat said that she saw bombs fall on her neighbors' houses and witnessed militia firing on civilians, causing hundreds to flee the town.174

17 February 2010 - government forces attacked Feina, again reportedly firing on civilians and looting the market, and

also destroying water tanks, wells, and the clinic.175 A 13-year-old student from Feina reported that she saw militia members shoot at civilians, killing two in front of her and causing everyone to flee. 176 "They came in cars and some

168 Radio Dabanga; April 19th 2010 http://195.190.28.213/node/565l; 169 Radio Dabanga; http://195.190.28.213/node/420; April 1st 2010  170  Radio Dabanga; http://195.190.28.213/node/62; March 11th 2010 171 AFP: 1st March2010 http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hBCzZFa70Uq2KkNoy5KWHciMVKQg. 172 17th June 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur?tr=y&auid=6675036. 173 Eric Reeves; Humanitarian Conditions in Darfur: An Overview (Part 2); July 1st 2010http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?page=imprimable&id_article=35569; 174 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 175 , Human Rights Watch: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 176 Human Rights Watch; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur; July 19th 2010

were walking on foot," she told Human Rights Watch." They were shooting at people, and one of them shot me in the left thigh. The bullet went through to my right thigh, and I fell down and there was blood pouring out of me."177

10 February 2010 - the government and allied militia forces began a series of ground attacks on several villages

suspected of hosting SLA/Abdel Wahid fighters in eastern Jebel Mara. Accounts gathered by Human Rights Watch indicate that government forces violated laws-of-war prohibitions against indiscriminate attacks and targeting civilians and civilian objects.178 A witness said he saw government forces and allied militiamen arrive by vehicle and on foot and proceed to burn huts and loot the market. He said they fired shots at civilians, forcing them to flee the town.179

9 February 2010 Government backed Arab militias attack two different IDP camps in Kass, Darfur. Three were

killed while Yahya Haggar camp was set on fire and Bitari camp was partially destroyed.180 February 2010 - One international humanitarian organization based in eastern Jebel Mara reported 10 airstrikes in

February alone. A community leader from eastern Jebel Mara reported that government planes dropped bombs on areas near Katur, a lowland town on the road leading into the mountains, killing eight civilians, destroying livestock, and damaging scores of homes.181

February 2010 - One international humanitarian organization based in eastern Jebel Mara reported 10 airstrikes in

February alone. A community leader from eastern Jebel Mara reported that government planes dropped bombs on areas near Katur, a lowland town on the road leading into the mountains, killing eight civilians, destroying livestock, and damaging scores of homes182

January February 2010 - divisions among SLA factions emerged, in large part over whether to participate in the

ongoing Darfur peace negotiations in Doha, Qatar. These divisions led to armed clashes among SLA factions. Witnesses on the ground reported that fighting between Abdel Wahid's forces, with support from Arab militiamen from West Darfur, and other SLA factions destroyed 11 villages and displaced thousands of villagers to Nertiti and other settlements for displaced persons.183

14 December 2009 - riot police and security forces again used excessive force to disperse crowds and made scores of arrests. Hafiz Ibrahim Abdulgadir, a former minister of local government in Al Gezira state, told Sudan Radio Services that national security officials forced him out of his car, beat him severely, and dropped him off in a nearby location in Omdurman.184

13 December 2009 - an unknown group of armed men killed two Fur high school students, named Abdulla Esmail

and Abdulla Issa Abdulla, from Tournato village, on their way to pay their school fees at Kass High School in Darfur.185

177 Human Rights Watch; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur; July 19th 2010 178 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 179 Human Rights Watch; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur; July 19th 2010 180 Radio Dabanga; http://195.190.28.213/node/307; February 9th 2010 181 19th June 2010 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 182  Human Rights Watch; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur; July 19th 2010 183 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/19/un-strengthen-civilian-protection-darfur. 184 hts Watch - http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/24/sudan-abuses-undermine-impending-elections. 185 eace Studies: December 2009 May 2010 http://acjps.org/Publications/HRM/Sudan%20Human%20Rights%20Monitor_Issue%205_FINAL.pdf

7 December 2009 - riot police and security forces arrested more than 160 people, including political leaders and

journalists, and injured more than 40 people while dispersing crowds in Khartoum using tear gas, rubber bullets, batons, and other weapons. 186

186 - http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/24/sudan-abuses-undermine-impending-elections.