X-ray Film Interpretation

Practical Course 407

X-ray Film

• Radiolucent= Black Color -----> Air (lung),

Gases.

• Radiopaque= White Color------> Bone

• Moderate radiodense= Grey Color degrees

soft tissues, organs

X-ray Film

• 1- Animal type.

• 2- Radiographic View (position).

• 3- Radiography type.

• 4- Radiographic region and anatomy.

X-ray Film

1- Animal Identification

Large Animal Small Animal

Equine

Ruminant

• 1- Lateral View.

• 2- Dorsoventeral/ Venterodorsal view.

• 3- Lateromedial/Mediolateral view.

• 4- Craniocaudal/caudocranial view.

• 5- Dorsopalmar/palmarodorsal view.

• 6- Dorsoplantar/ plantarodorsal view.

2- Radiographic View (position).

Limbs

Chest & Abdomen

• 4- Craniocaudal/caudocranial view.

• 5- Dorsopalmar/palmarodorsal view.

• 6- Dorsoplantar/ plantarodorsal view.

2- Radiographic View (position).

Limbs above carpal & tarsal joints

Fore-limbs below carpal joint

Hind limbs below tarsal joint

Anteroposterior view (AP)

X-ray Projections (Views/Positions)

Lateral VD/DV

Abdomen

Lateral View

Ventrodorsal View

Lateral View

Ventrodorsal View

Chest

3- Radiography type.

Plain x-ray Contrast x-ray

Without contrast media With contrast media

3- Radiography type.

Positive Contrast Negative Contrast

Radiopaque= white Radiolucent= Black

Types of Contrast

Double Contrast

Radiopaque Lumen &

Radiolucent edge

Types of Contrast

Positive Contrast

Gastrography

Oesophygeography

Enterography

Pyelography

Cystography

Negative Contrast

Cystography

Double Contrast

Enterography

Cystography

Gastrography

Oesophygeography

4- Region and Anatomy1) Chest & Abdomen ------> Small Animal.

2) Head/skull (Maxilla, Mandible) --->small,

large animals

3) Fore-Limbs (shoulder, elbow, carpal, Metacarpal, Digit) ----->

small, large animals

4) Pelvis ------> Small Animal

5) Hind limbs (stifle, tarsal, Metatarsal, Digit) )-----> small,

large animals

Chest Radiography

Chest Views

VD/DV Lateral

TLung

H

LungLung

Liver

Abdomen Radiogrphy

L= liver.S= stomach.K= Kidney.SI= small intestine.LI= large intestine.Sp= spleen.Bl=urinary bladder

Abdomen

Lateral View

Head/skull

Lateral View

Small animal Large animal

(equine)

Fore-limb

Lateral View AP View

Shoulder region (small)

SS

H H

1 1

T

H= Humerus

S= Scapula

T= Trachea

1= Shoulder joint

Lateral ViewCrCu/AP View

Elbow region (large)

Elbow region (large)

Lateromedial/MedioLateral View

A = Ulna (olecranon)B = Humerus C = Radius D = Condyle

AB

C

D

D 1

1= Elbow joint

Elbow regionAP View

A = Ulna (olecranon)B = Humerus C = Radius D = Condyle

A

1= Elbow joint

11

B

D

C

D

Elbow region (Small)

A = Ulna (olecranon)B = Humerus C = Radius D = Condyle

B

A

CA

Lateral View

Elbow region (Small)

A = Ulna (olecranon)B = Humerus C = Radius D = CondyleF= Intercondyloid foramen

B

A

C

A

F

AP View

Carpal region

Carpal region (Large)

A

C

EDB

A= RadiusB= 3rd metacarpal bone.C= carpal bones.D= 2nd metacarpal bone.E= 4th metacarpal bone.

1

2

3

1= Radiocarpal J 2= Intercarpal Jt 3= Carpometacarpal J

DP/AP View

Carpal region (Large)

A

C

E

D

B

A= RadiusB= 3rd metacarpal bone.C= carpal bones.D= Accessory carpal bone.E= 4th metacarpal bone.

C

1

2

3

1= Radiocarpal J 2= Intercarpal J 3= Carpometacarpal J

Lateromedial View

Carpal region (Small)

A

C

EEA= Radius

B= Ulna.C= carpal bones.D= Accessory carpal bone.E= metacarpal bones.F= Phalangese

E

12

3

1= Radiocarpal J 2= Intercarpal J 3= Carpometacarpal J

E

E

B

FF F

F

AP View

Carpal region (Small)

A

C

E

A= RadiusB= Ulna.C= carpal bones.D= Accessory carpal bone.E= metacarpal bones.

E

1

2

3

1= Radiocarpal J 2= Intercarpal J 3= Carpometacarpal J

D

B

Lateromedial/

Mediolateral

View

Metacarpal/Metatarsal Region (Equine)

Lateromedial/Mediolateral

View

A&B= Small MtCr/MtTr (II & IV)

C= Large MtCr/MtTr (III)

D&E= Proximal sesamoid bones.

2= Fetlock joint

Metacarpal/Metatarsal Region (Equine)

DP/AP View

A&B= Small MtCr/MtTr (II & IV)

C= Large MtCr/MtTr (III)

D&E= Proximal sesamoid bones.

2= Fetlock joint

Digit (Equine)Lateromedial/

Mediolateral

View

A= Metacarpus/metatarsusB= Proximal sesamoid bones. C= 1st Phalanx.D= 2nd Phalanx.E= 3rd Phalanx.F= distal sesamoid (Navicular ) bone.

A B

C

FE

D

1

2

3

1= Fetlock J 2= Pastern J 3= Coffin J

Digit (Equine)Dorsopalmar/

Dorsoplantar

View

A= Metacarpus/metatarsusB= Proximal sesamoid bones. C= 1st Phalanx.D= 2nd Phalanx.E= 3rd Phalanx.F= distal sesamoid (Navicular ) bone.

AB

C

F

E

D

B

1

2

1

1= Fetlock J 2= Pastern J 3= Coffin J

Claw (Ruminant)Dorsopalmar/

Dorsoplantar

View

A= Metacarpus/metatarsusB= 1st Phalanx.C= 2nd Phalanx.E= 3rd Phalanx.

A

B

C

E

B

1

1= Fetlock (Metacarpophalangeal) J

Hind Limbs

Lateral ViewAP View

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Pelvis (small)Ventrodorsal View

A

BC E

DF

G H

1

22

A= IliumB= AcetabulumC= femur head.D= ischium.E= Pubis.F= femur.G= Tibia.H= fibula.

1= hip joint.2= stifle joint

**Pelvic bones=A, B, D &E.

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Pelvis (small)Ventrodorsal View

Stifle Region (Large)

A= Femur

B= Patella (triangular shape).

C= Femur Condyle.

E= Tibia.

A

BD

C

E

F

Lateromedial/Mediolateral View

1

2

1

**Stifle joint:1= Femrotibial j.2-= Femropatellar j.

Stifle Region (Large)

A= Femur.

C= Femur Condyle.

E= Tibia.

F= Fibula (young)

**Stifle joint:

1= Femrotibial j.

1

A

CC

E

F

CrCu/AP View

Stifle Region (Small)A= Femur

B= Patella (ovoid shape).

C= Femur Condyle.

D= Fabillae (two).

E= Tibia.

F= Fibula.

AA

B

B

D

DD

CC

E

E

F

F

Lateromedial/

Mediolateral

View

CrCu/AP View

1

2

21

**Stifle joint:

1= Femrotibial j.

2-= Femropatellar j.

Tarsal Region (Large)

Tarsal Region (Large)A

B

C

D F

1

2

3

4

A= Tibia

B= Tarsal bones.

C= Calcaneus bone.

D= 3rd Metatarsus.

F= Small Metatarsus.**Tarsal joint:

1= Tibiotarsal j.

2-= prox. Intertarsal j.

2-= Dist. Intertarsal j.

4= Tarsometatarsal j.

Lateromedial/

Mediolateral

View

Tarsal Region (Large)

A

B

C

D

F

1

234

A= Tibia

B= Tarsal bones.

C= Calcaneus bone.

D= 3rd Metatarsus.

F= Small Metatarsus.**Tarsal joint:

1= Tibiotarsal j.

2-= prox. Intertarsal j.

2-= Dist. Intertarsal j.

4= Tarsometatarsal j.

Lateromedial/

Mediolateral

View

F

Fetlock region (Equine)

Fetlock/pastern region (Equine)

Elbow (small & Large)

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Small

Animal

Large

Animal

Stifle (small & Large)

Small

Animal

Large

Animal

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Carpal (small & Large)

Small

Animal

Large

Animal

Tarsal (small & Large)

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Small

Animal

Large

Animal

Carpal and Tarsal (small)

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Carpal Tarsal

Digit

Ruminant

Equine

Small

Animal