Upload
voliem
View
252
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
X ROMULIANA GAMZIGRAD
IVANA POPOVIC
MAJA ZIVIC
MIROSLAV LAZIC
MIODRAG SLADIC
SOFIJA PETKOVIC
DRAGOSLAV SREJOVIC
MILKA CANAK-MEDIC
BRANA STOJKOVIC-PAVELKA
DORDE JANKOVIC
ALEKSANDAR V. POPOVIC
·. "\_.-: ..
FELJX\? . ROMVLI .:AN~· ...
FELIX ROMULIANA- GAMZIGRAD
INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Belgrade INSTITUTE FOR THEOLOGICAL RESEARCH,
Monographs No 49 FACULTY OF ORTHODOX THEOLOGY, University of Belgrade
PUBLISHED BY
INSTITCTE OF ARCI IAEOLOGY, Belgrade STITUTE FOR T HEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Faculty of Orthodox Theology, University of Belgrade
SERB!At\ ORTHODOX CHURCH, Diocese ofTimok
FOR PUBLISHERS
Slav isa Peric
Bogoljub Sijakovic
EDITORIAL BOARD
t\ikola 'Iasic, Slobodan Dusanic, @sandar )ovanOVlt], Milka Canak-Mcdic, Slavisa Pcric, ,\llaja Zivic,
lvana Popovic (editor), Sofija Petkovic (secretary)
REVIEWERS
Miloje Vasic, ikola Tasic, [Aleksandar Jo-,-,a-n-ov--:i:-:-c, Miroslav )eremic
TRANSLAT ION
!\11 irjana Vukmanovic
PHOTOGRAPHS
Nebojsa Boric, Vladimir Popovic, Branislav Strugar,
Institute of Archaeology, Office for Protection of Cultural Monuments of the Republic of Serbia and National Museum in Zajecar
COM PUTER DES!GI'\ OF PHOTOGRAPHS
. ebojsa Boric
SITE PLANS
Documentation of the Office for Protection of Cultural Monuments of the Republic of Serbia
Documentation DAI (RGK, Frankfurt a/1\:l)
Alcksandar Kapuran
DRAWINGS
Milovan Ristic, Aleksandar Kapuran
GRAP illC DESIG:--1
Danijcla Paracki & D_SIGN, Belgrade
PRI NTED BY
SLU2BEt\l GLASNIK, Belgrade
ISBN 987-86-80093-73-4 (Institute of Archaeology)
ISBN 987-86-7405-102-3 (Institute for Theological Research)
Printed in 600 copies
. ~~·· . .
FE L JXG ROMVLI ···ANA·
FELIX ROMULIANA - GAMZIGRAD
AUTHORS
lvana Popovic, Maja Zivic, Miroslav Lazic, Miodrag Sladic, Sofija Petkovic,
Dragoslav Srejovic, Milka Canak-Medic, Brana Stojkovic-Pavelka,
Dorde Jankovic, Aleksandar V. Popovic
EDITOR
lvana Popovic
BELGRADE 2011
7 IVANA POPOVI(:
FOREWORD
Transformation of one multi-layered settlement: anonymous settlements at Gamzigrad - Felix Romuliana - Romulianum- Romuliana - anonymous settlements at Gamzigrad
11
MAJA ZIVI(:
Gamzigrad: name, position and economic potential
15 MAJA ZI VI(:
History of archaeological investigations and consenration-restoration works at Gam zigrad
21
MIROSLAV LAZ!(:
Prehistoric settlements and necropoles at Gamzigrad and in its surroundin gs
29 MIODRAG SLADJ(:
Gamzigrad in the protohistory
33 SOFIJA PETKOVI (:
Roman Gamzigrad before the imperial palace
43 DRAGOSLAV SRE) OVIC:
Imperial palace
49 M ILKA CANAK-MEDIC:, BRANA STO)KOVIC:-PAVELKA
Architecture and spatiaJ structure of the imperiaJ palace
107 MAJA zrvrc
Artistic achievements in the imperial palace
141 IVANA POPOVlC
Sacred-funerary complex at Magura
159 DRAGOSLAV SREJOVIC
Diva Romula, Divus Galerius
167 SOFI)A PETKOVlC
Romuliana in the time after the palace
201
DORDE )ANKOVIC
Gamzigrad in the Middle Ages
213
ALEKSANDAR V. POPOVIC
Written sources on Galerius
221
SOURCES
222
BIBLI OGRAPHY
MIROSLAV LAZIC
PREHISORIC SETTLEMENTS AND NECROPOLES
AT GAMZIGRAD AND IN ITS SURROUNDINGS
The picturesque valley of the Crna Reka river, surro unded by ancient volcanic mo untains
which transform into wooded hills, ro ll ing meadows and fertile fields, had always offered to
its prehisto ric inhabitants everything they needed: guara nteed harvest, rich pastures for
their flocks, diverse game, va luable copper, silver and gold ores, as well as thermal mineral
springs to achieve th e vitality and enhance their pagan spiri tuality. Because of th at it was the
homeland of many ancient Balkan peoples who accomplished there magni fice nt cultural
progress- motivated by favo rable natural environment of this area and by close connectio ns
with their neighbors. The Gam zigrad palace FELIX ROMULI ANA is situated in the heart of
the Crna Reka region, so it is no wonder that many traces of d iverse prehistoric communities
have been discovered in its vicini ty (Map 1).
The first evidence of the Gamzigrad inhabitants fro m the pre-Roman times have been
discovered in the 1960s and 1970s - by chance or in the course of investiga tions of the
Roman palace. These were the fragments of differen t pottery vessels accompanied by the
gro und sto ne tools and rare bronze objects.1 The information that there are important pre
historic sites in the vicinity of Gamzigrad palace pro m pted academician Dragoslav Srejovic
to start the archaeological excavatio ns of these sites in the final decades of th e 20th century.
In the period between 1989 and 1997 few sites were investigated , including the Bro nze Age
necropolis o n the Magura hill near the Gamzigrad palace (Map 1/19), mult ilayered prehis
toric settlement at Banjska Stena near Gamzigradska Banja (Map1/ 19), Eneolithic settlement
o n the Beligovo hill near Gamzigradska Banja (Map 1/8), rock-shelter dwelling place near
Gamzigradska Banja, dating from the Bro nze Age (Map 1/10), Bronze and Early Iron Age
settlem ent in the area called Miletov Bunar near Rimski Majdan (Map 1/2 L) and Bronze Age
settlem ent in the village Zvezdan (Map 1 /1 8).
The archaeological materia l gathered in this phase of investigation indicated entirely
new evidence about the distant past of Timocka Krajina. The most impo rtant was the co n
clusion that necro polis at Magura and settlement at Banjska Stena had been established in
the Bronze Age period by the bearers o f distinct (so far unknown) culture, which achieved its
complete development in Timocka Krajina.
It has been id entified as Gamzigrad culture J _ Cpej01m l1 1983 A, 19-2 1.
21
..... y
MIROSLAV LAZIC:
Eneolithic settlements Bronze age sites Iron age sites
MAP 4. Prehistoric sites in Timocka Krajina
and defined as a distinct phenomenon in the prehistory of
Serbia.2 The new phase of investigations commenced in 2001
with comprehensive site-surveying of the immediate vicinity
of the Late Roman palace, when over 30 sites from different
prehistoric periods have been discovered and precisely
mapped (Map 1).3
Despite the fact that many prehistoric sites have been in
vestigated and detailed archaeological prospection of the Gamzi
grad vicinity has been carried out, the traces of Neolithic cul
tures have not been confirmed so far in that area. However,
considering that Neolithic settlements (Proto-Starcevo, Star
cevo and Vinca cultures) have been discovered at Bor and
Knjazevac, it is reasonable to assume that such settlements did
exist also in the vicinity of Gamzigrad during the 6th and sth
millennia, as the environmental conditions there were favor
able for the development of the early farming cultures.4
The earliest prehistoric settlements documented at Gam
zigrad date from the advanced Eneolithic period (Copper Age).
22
The beginning of this period, during the 4th millennium BC,
witnessed the final rise of the Pal eo- Balkan farmers, who faced
with devastating effect of the development of early copper
metallurgy on their traditional economy and also under
increasing pressure of the first Indo-Europeans arriving from
the south Russian steppes achieved the distinctive cultural
unity. In other words, in order to preserve the endangered
ancestors' heritage and to survive, the united farmers from
Oltenia in the north to Albania and Pelagonija in the south,
established widely distributed complex of related cultures
known in archaeology as Bubanj-Salkuta-Krivodol. Thus unit
ed, the Paleobalkan peasants created their own world based on
2 _ Cpejos1Jh, !Ia3un 1997; ila3Hn 1998.
3 Unpublished. Documentation in the Ccntcr for Archaeological Investigations of the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade and the Office for Protection of Cultural Monuments of the republic of Serbia in Belgrade.
4 )oBaHoB~Ih 6. 2004, 33-55; Cna,'\Hn, )oiJaJJonHn 1997, 167-175.
PREHISORIC SETTLEMENTS AND NECROPOLES AT GAMZIGRAD AND IN ITS SURROUNDINGS
FIGURE 11. Site Banjska Stena
spiritual experiences, inherited from their ancestors- skillful
farmers and master craftsmen. In the fertile river valleys and
the Balkans hilly terrains they produced around the middle of
the 4th millennium the supreme artistic and artisan objects
lavishly decorated pottery, often with gilded surfaces, magnif
icently made anthropomorphic figurines, variously modeled
ritual vases and the like.5
The settlements of the population of the Bubanj-Salkuta
Krivodol cultural complex have been discovered in the vicini
ty of Gamzigrad at the sites Beligovo and Banjska Stena in the
immediate vicinity of Gamzigradska Banja (Map 1/8, 9). These
were rather small settlements established at inaccessible eleva
tions along the right bank of Crna Reka. As the investigations
at Beligovo revealed, the houses were of rectangular plan, with
stone foundations and walls made of logs and wattle plastered
with daub. The pottery was made of refined clay with addition
of fine sand. The prevailing shapes are various bowls and pyri
form amphoras with roughened outer surface. The tools made
23
of animal bones have also been found. 6 Similar situation was
encountered also at Banjska Stena, where the remains of mod
est settlement from the same period have been discovered in
the lowest layers. The inaccessibility of these settlements, the
character of the impoverished dwelling places and the accom
panying archaeological finds reveal that in the vicinity of Gamzi
grad in the end of the 4th millennium BC lived the last off
springs of the bearers of this cultural complex, who disappeared
completely in the complex and dynamic ethnocultural mix
tures of the ensuing period.
In the beginning of the yd millennium BC the Cotofeni
culture was established in Oltenia, northwest Bulgaria and east
Serbia. The pottery of that population is recognizable for the
ornaments executed by incision, band impression and the
5- Tasic 1979,87-114.
6_ HHKOITMii, l)ypw111h 1997,79-88
1 y MIROSLAV LAZIC
FIGURE 12. Group of funerary structures at Magura
FIGURE 13. Funerary structure at Magura
series of the button-like appliques. They were accompanied in
east Serbia by communities of the Kostolac culture, originat
ing from the Danube Basin and the Morava Valley. These two
different ethnocultural groups achieved in eastern Serbia
complete unity and established joint settlements discovered in
the [ron Gates, in the vicin ity of Majdanpek and near Bor. In
their generally inaccessible settlements was found the pottery
decorated in the Cotofeni culture style, but with techn iques
and motifs characteristic of the pottery decoration of the
Kostolac culture?
In the vicinity of Gamzigrad the joint settlements of the
members of Cotofeni and Kostolac culture has been d iscov
ered at the Banjska Stena hill near Gamzigradska Banja (Fig.
11 ). The investigations of this settlement, however, did not
yield enough informations about its size and characteristics.
There was found just pottery, which, according to the method
of production and decoration, does not differ from the con
temporary pottery from other regions of the east Serbia.
Somewhat later pottery from Banjska Stena, decorated with
cord impressions, confirm that still another wave of immigrants
from the east followed in this region of the Danube Basin by
the end of 3rd millennium. The archaeological finds from east
Serbia and the neighboring regions do not, however, offer
enough data about the end of that dark and unstable period.8
Nevertheless, we know that after many tumultuous centuries
the complete and unhindered development of the prehistoric
communities in that region started only in the Bronze Age.9
24
The flrst more detailed information about the Bronze Age
in Timocka Krajina was reached in the 1980s after the excava
tions at site Trnjane near Brestovacka Banja, where around
twenty circular structures made of stone and with pottery urns
in the center have been investigated. The settlement has also
been discovered in the immediate vicinity of this necropolis. 10
Few years later, funerary structures made of broken stone with
urns in the center (Figs. 12, 13) have also been investigated on
the hill Magura- one kilometer to the east of FELIX ROMU
LIANA palace and under the layers from the antique period
(Map 1/19). The results of excavations at Trnjane and at Magura
made possible attribution of the Bronze Age sites in Timocka
Krajina to the Gamzigrad culture, dated to the period from the
18th to the 13th centuries BC. The bearers of this culture were
recognized as stock-breeders, farmers and metallurgists who
established close contacts with their contemporaries in the
Morava Valley, Banat and OlteniaY
i\11any settlements of the Gamzigrad culture have been en
countered in the immediate vicinity of the Gamzigrad palace
and test excavations have been carried out at some of them.
7- Tac111:l 1997, 81-82; Tawh 2004, 91- 99.
8_ Roman, Dodd-Opritescu, Janos 1992 , 57.
9- Cpejos111:l, Jla311h 1997, 235-236.
10 _ Jovanovic B., )ankovic 1996, I 85- 201.
n _ Cpejon11h, J!a311n 1997, 225- 247; J!a311h 1998, 147-158.
PREHISORIC SETTLE.MENTS AND NECROPOLES AT GAMZIGRAD AND I~ ITS SURROCI'\DINGS
The spacious settlements were distributed over the gentle
slopes along the banks of smaller waterways, near the springs
and along the banks of the Crn i Timok river (Map 1). The sin
gle fortified settlement with walls and wooden palisades had
been established at Banjska Stena- an important strategic point
controlling the approach to the large and fertile valley in the
lower course of the Crna Reka (Map 1/9).
The aboveground houses of the Gamzigrad culture, of rec
tangular plan and built of wattle and daub, have been discov
ered in the area of vi llage Zvezdan (Map 1/18, 21). The pottery
was made of clay with admixture of fine sand and fired to the
brown and gray nuances. Massive pots for storing provisions
and preparing food, decorated with the applied molded bands,
predominate by quantity and size among the various pottery
shapes. There were also large polished bowls with two anti
thetically modeled handles, as well as the beakers with one or
two arched hand les. The pottery of higher quality had been
imported from the Danube Basin, as it is confirmed by the ves
sels from Banjska Stena originating from the territory of the
Vatin culture in Banat and the Verbicioara III culture in Oltenia
and northwest Bulgaria. In addition to the pottery there were
also found stone tools (chipped stone blades, ground stone axes,
whetstones, etc.), as well as the tools made of horns and animal
bones (mallets, awls, perforators and the like). Despite the fact
that there were also discovered the traces of processing the sul
phide copper ore (characteristic vessels, slag, copper granules),
it is conspicuous that there were no objects made of bronze.
In contrast to the settlements dispersed in the lower zones,
the necropoles of the Gamzigrad group are located on the
dominant hills. The necropolis next to the sacred complex
from the antique times was investigated at the Magura hill (Map
1/19, plan 1), and another necropolis (completely destroyed)
was situated couple hundred meters to the north - near the
tetrapylon (Map 1/20). These are large cemeteries of cremated
individuals with pottery urns containing remains of the
deceased and grave offerings buried in the center of fune rary
structures of circular shape consisting of carefully arranged
broken stones. Few tens of such structures, 1.50 to 3.50 meters
in diameter and with more than 80 urns, have been discovered
at Magura (plan I). The grave offerings in the burials are infre
quent. Most often two-handled beakers and clay spindle
whorls have been found. The objects made of bronze - o ne
spearhead and one damaged arrowhead have been found in
just two burials. Within the funerary structures were also dis-
25
covered the traces of the funerary rituals. Many scattered pot
tery fragments bear witness to the intentional ( ritual) breaking
of the vessels, and flat stones with incised spirals and netlike
motifs found by the urns indicate the religious and mythologi
cal notions concerning the afterlife of the dead .12
The members of the Gamzigrad culture established close
contacts with the inhabitants of the su rrou nding areas and that
made possible the precise dating of this culture. The imported
pottery originating from the Danube Basin and Oltenia, as
well as the pottery imitating the products of the Vatin culture,
Verbicioara Ill and ParaCin culture, are dated in the first half
of the 2nd millennium BC. Gamzigrad culture experienced
fascinating progress during that period. ln the rich and dense
ly populated Timocka Krajina emerged distinctive forms of
material and spiritual culture, evident on the pottery and re
cognizable in the funerary practice. Certain vessels (amphoras
with distinctive handles) are encountered also in the north
west Bulgaria allowing for the assumption that Gamzigrad cul
ture was present also in that area where it made the symbiosis
with the Verbicioara III culture, whose home terri tories were in
the south and southwest Romania.13 The forcible intrusion of
the channeled pottery peoples from the north interrupted in the
beginning of the 13th century BC (Br D/Ha AI) the development
of the traditional Bronze Age cultures in the Danube Valley
and the central Balkans. In one of the latest graves at Magura
has been found a spearhead dating from that period, indicating
the period of armed conflicts with the intruders. The outcome
of these dramatic events is well-known. The settlements of the
Gamzigrad culture perished in conflagrations including even
the fortification at Banjska Stena, whose strong palisades did
not withstand the attacks of the co nquerors. The newcomers
founded their own settlements on the burnt ruins of the pre
vious settlements. It is confirmed by the characteristic chan
neled pottery of brown calor and battle ax:e (celt) cast of bronze
from the site Miletov Bunar and also by the similar pottery of
the newcomers collected in the course of site surveying.14
After this tumultuous period, next few centuries witnessed
the progress of the Early Iron Age cultures in east Serbia. As this
period is not sufficiently studied in Timocka Krajina, general
12_ CpejoBHn, lla3Hn 1997, 232-233; lla3Hn 1998.
13 - Berciu 1961, 123-161.
14 - CJraAHh, Py)J.{Hn 2001, 159-160.
PREHISORIC SETTLEMENTS A01D NECROPOLES AT GAMZJGRAD A01D IN ITS SURROU01DINGS
The spacious settlements were distributed over the gentle
slopes along the banks of smaller waterways, near the springs
and along the banks of the Crni Timok river (Map 1 ). The sin
gle fortified settlement with walls and wooden palisades had
been established at Banjska Stena- an important strategic point
controlling the approach to the large and fertile valley in the
lower course of the Crna Reka (Map 119).
The aboveground houses of the Gamzigrad culture, of rec
tangular plan and built of wattle and daub, have been discov
ered in the area of village Zvezdan (Map 1/18, 21 ). The pottery
was made of clay with admixture of fine sand and fired to the
brown and gray nuances. Massive pots for storing provisions
and preparing food, decorated with the applied molded bands,
predominate by quantity and size among the various pottery
shapes. There were also large polished bowls with two anti
thetically modeled handles, as well as the beakers with one or
two arched handles. The pottery of higher quality had been
imported from the Danube Basin, as it is confirmed by the ves
sels from Banjska Stena originating from the territory of the
Vatin culture in Ban at and the Verbicioara Jil cu lture in Oltenia
and northwest Bulgaria. In addition to the pottery there were
also found stone tools (chipped stone blades, ground stone axes,
whetstones, etc.), as well as the tools made of horns and animal
bones (mallets, awls, perforators and the like). Despite the fact
that there were also discovered the traces of processing the sul
phide copper ore (characteristic vessels, slag, copper gran ules),
it is conspicuous that there were no objects made of bronze.
In contrast to the settlements dispersed in the lower zones,
the necropoles of the Gamzigrad group are located on the
dominant hills. The necropolis next to the sacred complex
from the antique times was investigated at the Magura hill (Map
1/19, plan l ), and another necropolis (completely destroyed)
was situated couple hundred meters to the north - near the
tetrapylon (Map 1/20). These are large cemeteries of cremated
individuals with pottery urns containing remains of the
deceased and grave offerings buried in the center of funerary
structures of circular shape consisting of carefully arranged
broken stones. Few tens of such structures, 1.50 to 3.50 meters
in diameter and with more than 80 urns, have been discovered
at Magura (plan 1). The grave offerings in the burials are infre
quent. Most often two-handled beakers and clay spindle
whorls have been found. The objects made of bronze - one
spearhead and one damaged arrowhead have been found in
just 1:\vo burials. Within the funerary structures were also dis-
25
covered the traces of the funerary rituals. Many scattered pot
tery fragments bear witness to the intentional (ritual) breaking
of the vessels, and flat stones with incised spirals and netlike
motifs found by the urns indicate the religious and mythologi
cal notions concerning the afterlife of the deadP
The members of the Gamzigrad culture established close
contacts with the inhabitants of the surrounding areas and that
made possible the precise dating of this culture. The imported
pottery originating from the Danube Basin and Oltenia, as
well as the pottery imitating the products of the Vatin culture,
Verbicioara III and ParaCin culture, are dated in the first half
of the 2nd millennium BC. Gamzigrad culture experienced
fascinating progress during that period. In the rich and dense
ly populated Timocka Krajina emerged distinctive forms of
material and spiritual cu lture, evident on the pottery and re
cognizable in the funerary practice. Certain vessels (amphoras
with distinctive handles) are encountered also in the north
west Bulgaria allowing for the assumptio n that Gamzigrad cul
ture was present also in that area where it made the symbiosis
with the Verbicioara III culture, whose home territories were in
the south and southwest Romania.13 The forcible intrusion of
the channeled pottery peoples from the north interrupted in the
beginning of the 13th century BC (Br D/Ha Al) the development
of the traditional Bronze Age cultures in the Danube Valley
and the central Balkans. In one of the latest graves at Magura
has been found a spearhead dating from that period, indicating
the period of armed conflicts with the intruders. The outcome
of these dramatic events is well-known. The settlements of the
Gamzigrad culture perished in conflagratio ns including even
the fortification at Banjska Stena, whose strong palisades did
not withstand the attacks of the conquerors. The newcomers
founded their own settlements on the burnt ruins of the pre
vious settlements. It is confirmed by the characteristic chan
neled pottery of brown color and battle axe (celt) cast of bronze
from the site Miletov Bunar and also by the similar pottery of
the newcomers collected in the course of site surveying.14
After this tumultuous period, next few centuries witnessed
the progress of the Early Iron Age cultures in east Serbia. As this
period is not sufficiently studied in Timocka Krajina, general
12 _ CpcjoBHfl, Jla3Hfl 1997, 232-233; Jla3Hfl 1998.
13 - Bcrciu 196 1, 123-161.
14 - CJJaliHh, Py)Kill12001 , 159-160.
.... _r
.\11 ROSLAV LAZI C
.. +
+ N
' I . mcmon " 1+--4=4 t IHI d consecration '" "' ·als at Magura t t ·nside and aroun Prehtstonc . · graves PLAN I 26
PREHISORIC SETTLEMENTS Af\D NECROPOLES AT GAlvlZIGRAD Af\D TN ITS SURROUNDlf\GS
conclusions could be drawn only on the basis of investigations in the Iron Gates and in the vicinity of Bor, as well as on the basis of scarce archaeological finds from the prehistoric layers of the Gamzigrad fortification or those found by chance in its vicinity. 15
Investigations in the Iron Gates and Kljuc region revealed that more freq uent use of iron resulted in dynamic ethno -cultural integrations, so on the pottery from those regions, dating from the beginning of the Early Iron Age, could be recognized characteristics originating from Pannonia and the Morava Valley (Kalakaca cultural horizon) as well as from Romania (Ostrov group). The complete cultural unity in the territory of east Serbia was achieved some time later, in the gth and 7th centu
ries BC, vvhen the Basarabi style in pottery decoration prevailed over vast area from the south Russia in the east to the Alpine regions in the west.16 The pottery decorated in that way has been found within the Gamzigrad fortification and at few more sites in its vicinity (Map 1). The prevailing shapes are shallow bowls with inverted and facetted rims, conical cups with
27
one handle and polished beakers decorated by channeling or
with series of stamped motifs of horizontal letter S. From the same period also dates a fragment of double-looped fibula with spherical nodules (knots) on the bow.17
Although detailed analysis of the pottery from the sites dating from somewhat later phases of the Early Iron Age has not been performed, it is almost certain that the surroundings of the Gamzigrad palace has been inhabited from the 6th to the end of the 4th century BC by the bearers of the postBasarabi style, which is recognizable for its distinctive pottery decoration (tremolo). These were the Triballi - strong PaleoBalkan tribe mentioned in the writings of antique historians
and geographers.18 The famo us campaign of Alexander the Great in the Danube Va lley in the year 335 BC and his encounter with the Celtic envoys indicate rapid decl ine of the Triballi, because only few decades later the Celts will absolutely dominate the expanses of Pannonia, middle Danube Basin and central Balkans, thus marking the end of Early Iron Age in this areas.
•5- Bacan P. 1997.
J6 _ Bacan P. 1997,93-94.
17- CpejoBHii 1983 A, 20, c11 . 12 a-g.
18_ Papazoglu 1969, 11 -68; Cpcjo13Hh 1983A, 20.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Age of Spirituality 1979
Cata logue in: Age of Spirituality. Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seven th Century
(ed. K. Weitzmann), New York 1979, cat. 83, 90.
Azevedo de 1959
M. Cagiano de Azevedo, Admiranda Palatia, I palazzi imperiali e le residence tetrarchiche,
Bolletino del Centra di studi per la storia dell' architettura 14, 1959, 3-15.
Azevedo de 1970 M. Cagiano de Azevedo, Policromia e polimateria nelle opere d'arte della tarda antichita e dell' a lto
medioevo, Felix Ravenna. Rivista di an tichita ravennati christiane e byzantine fasc. I (Cl), Ravenna, 1970,223- 259.
Baratte 1993 F. Baratte, La vaisselle d'argent en Gaule dans I'Antiquite tardive, Paris 1993.
Balty 1969
J. Ch. Balty, Apamee 1965 - 1968, Colloque Apamee de Syrie, Bruxelles 1969.
Barnes 1982 T. D. Barnes, The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine, Cambridge Mass, London 1982.
Bechert 1971
T. Bechert, Romische Lagentore und ih re Bauinschriften, Boner ]ahrbucher der Rheinischen
Landesmuseums in Bonn 171, Bonn 1971, 210- 285.
Berchem 1954 D. van Berchem, Recherches sur la chronologie des enceintes de Syrie et de Mesoportamie,
Syria XXXI, Paris 1954.
Berciu 1961 D. Berciu , Die Verbicioara-Kultur. Vorbericht i.iber eine neue, in Rumanien entdeckte
bronzezeitliche Kultur, Dacia V, Bucure§ti 1961 , 123-16 1.
222
BIBLIOGRAPHY
DH'IKOB 1991 B. B. 5w•rr<on, BuJaHiUujcxa eciUeiUuKa, 6eorpan: 1991.
DHKlfli 1997 B. 5HK11n, CpeAH>ener<OBHa Tpne3Ha r<epn111Ka 113 f aM3HrpaAa: noper<no w paA110H11U,e (Summary: Medieval Table Pottery from Gamzigrad: Origin and Workshops), ApxeoMwKa uciUpaJICUBmva JiciUoLtHe Cpouje I Archaeology of Eastern Serbia (ypeAHHK M. Jla3Hn), 5eorpaA 1997,319-328.
DHKHJi,UJapHnl997 B. 5wr<wl1, J. Wap11li., Kyna 19, PoM)'JIMjaHa - faM3wrpail, r<aCHOaHTH'!Ka nanaTa, CiUapuHap XLVIII, EeorpaA 1997, 203-208.
EHKHii, UlapHn 2001 B. 5vnmn, J. Wap11n, ¥I3sewTaj o apxeonowKI1M 11CKonanar·bHMa Ha JIOKaJIHTeTy PoMynwjaHa - f aM311rpaA y 1998. rOA11HI1. Kyna 19, OuapuHap L (2000), Beograd 2001 ,280-282.
IioO'!eB 1952 C. 5o5qen, CMecHaiUa JuqapuJl 6 puMcKut"IIe u paHOBu3aHiUuucKuiUe ciUpoeJICu, Coqm.n 1952.
Eoo•IeB 1961 C. 5o5'1en, Hosa cepw11 oT r<acHoaHTH'IHH Jwn:ose c cMeceHw 3Hrta p11H C;l eA 1951. r ., J136eciUuJC Ha Eblliapcxu ApxeoJioiuLtecKu uHciUuiUyiU XXIV, CoqJHH 1961, 153-201.
Eooqes 1970 C. 5o0'Jen, PHMCKO-I<Op11HTCKH r<anwTe!ll1 OA lOroJanaAHa 11 CenepHa IionrapHJJ, J136eciUuR Ha EMiapcKuJl ApxeoRoiuLtecKu uHciUuiUyiU XXXII, Cocj:lHJJ 1970, 113-126.
Boethius 1948 A. Boethius, Roman and Greek Town Architecture, Gotenborges Hogskalas Arssrift LIV ( 1948, 3), Gotenborg 1948, 3-22.
Bordenache 1969 G. Bordenache, Sculture greche e romane I, Bucarest 1969.
Boric-BreskoviC 1994 B. Boric-Breskovic, Gold Coins from the Consecration Memorial!, in: Srejovic, Vasic 1994, 160- 179.
Brehier 1936 L. Brehier, La sculpture et les arts rnineurs byzantine, Paris 1936.
Breithaupt 1861 A. Breithaupt, Timazit, eine neue Gesteinsart, und Gamsigradit, ein neuer Amphibol, Berg- und Hiittenmiinnische Zeitung 5. Ill861, 51-54.
Ep)'KHep 1987 0. Dp)'KHep, 11MnOpTOBaHa 11 naHOHCKa KepaMJ1'JKa npouyr<uwja ea acner<Ta ApywTneHo-eKOHOMCKMX rrpoMeHa, ITo 11e11u poMaHU3al1u)e y jyiocROBeHCKOM qv1y iipo6UH11u)e ITaHoHuje (ype,n,HHK M. CTojmwn), Hon11 Can: 1987, 25-44.
Epyr<Hep 1995 0 . fipyr<Hep, .JJ:o~vwpoAa'IKa Hacen:,a, Apxeo11owKa uciUpaJICUBaHJa qyJIC ay1"IIoiiyii1a Kpo3 CpeM (ypeAHHr< 3. Bana), Hon11 Can 1995, 91- 136.
Bruneau 1972 Ph. Bruneau, Exploration archeologique de Delos, Paris 1972.
Bulic, Karaman 1927 F. Bulic, Lj. Karaman, Palaca cara Dioklecijana u Splitu, Zagreb 1927.
Biilow von 2007 G. von Biilow, Neue Untersuchungen in Palast des Kaisers Galerius I Felix Romuliana (Gamzigrad), Roms Erbe auf dern Balkan. Spatantike Kaiservillen und Stadtanlagen in Serbien (Hrsg. U. Brand!, M. Vasic), Mainz 2007, 54-58.
Btilowvon, Schtiler 2009 G. von Bi.ilow, T. Schi.iler, Geophysical and Archaeological Research at Gamzigrad. Report of the 2004-2007 Campaigns (Pe3HMe: f eocl)I13H'!Ka 11 apxeonow Ka 11CTpa)!<HBatha y f aM311rpaAy- H3newTaj ea Kar-matna y 2004-2007. ro,IJ;HHH), Starinar LVTI (2007), Beograd 2009, 231- 249.
Castagnoli 1956 F. Castagnoli, Ippodamo di Mile toe l' urbanistica a pianta ortogonale, Roma 1956.
Chevalier - Gheerbrant 1983 J. Chevalier - A. Gheerbrant, Rjeenik simbo/a, Zagreb 1983.
CurCic 1993 S. Curcic, Late-Antique Palaces. The Meaning of Urban Context, Ars Orientalis 23, 1993, 67-90.
223
BIBLIOGRAPHY
qanax-Me,li,Hn 1975
M. LfanaK-MeAMn, LfeTsoponMCHM KanMTeJIM 113 [ aM3HrpaAa
(Resume: Les chapitaux a quatres feuilles d 'achante),
36opHuK HapogHoi MyJeja VITI , fieorpaA 1975, 247-254.
Canak-Medic 1976
M. Canak-Medic, Le palais de l'epoque de la base antiquite
pres de Gamzigrad, Actes du XIVe Congres international des etudes byzantines, Bucarest 1976, 357-362.
qanaK-Me11.Hli 1978
M. l!aHaK-Me)l,Hn, fa.M3Hrpa)J., KacnoanTWJKa nanaTa.
ApXHTeKT)rpa M rrpoCTopnH cKJiorr (Resume: Gamzigrad,
palais bas-antique. Architecture et sa structuration),
Caouwiiiel-ba XI, EeorpaA 1978.
Canak-Medic 1995
M. Canak-Medic, Spatial develepment of Romuliana within
the late roman Court architecture, The Age of Tetrarchs (ed. D. Srejovic) , Belgrade 1995, 52-63.
CoviC 1987
B. Covic, Grupa Donja Dolina - Sanski Most,
Praistorija jugoslovenskih zemalja V, Sarajevo 1987, 260-266.
Diepenbach 1921
W. Diepenbach, Palatium, Dissertation, Giessen 1921.
Dusanic 1995
S. Dusanic, Late Roman Mining in lllyricum:
Historical Observation, Ancient Mining and Metallurgy in Southeast Europe, International Symposium, Donji Milanovac, May 20th_25th, 1990, Bor - Belgrade 1995,
219-225.
Dusanic 1995
S. Dusanic, Imitator Alexandri and Redditor Libertatis, T\vo controversial themes of Galerius' political propaganda, The Age of Tetrarchs. A Symposium held from the 4th to
the 9th October 1993 (ed. D. Srejovic), Beograd 1995, 79-98.
Duval1965
N. Duval, La place de Split dans I' architecture antique
du Bas-Empire, Urbs 4 (1961-1962), Split 1965,67- 95.
Duval1971
N. Duval, Palais et forteresses de Yougoslavie,
Bulettin de la Societe nationale des antiquaires de France, Paris 1971, 115-124.
Duval1987
N. Duval, Existe-t -il une "structure palatial " propre a 1' antiquite
tardive?, Le systeme palatial en Orient, en Grece et a Rome. Traveaux du Centre de recherches sur le Proche-Oriente et la Grece Antique 9 (1985), Strasbourg 1987,463-490.
Duval1987 A N. Duval, Le site de Gamzigrad (Serbie) est -ille pala is retraite de
Gal ere?, Bulletin de la Societe nation ale des antiquiaires de France, Paris 1987,6 1-84.
Dyggve 1941
E. Dyggve, Ravenatium Palatium Sacrum. La basilica imperiale
per ceremonie?, Studi sill' architecture dei palazzi delle tarda antichita, K6benhavn 1941, 3-55.
Errnja,ll,e 1991
M. EJIHjaAe, 11ciiiopuja 6epo6al-ba u pe;IUiujcKux ugeja, fieorpaA 1991.
Ensslin 1930
W. Ensslin, Galerius Maximianus (2) , Paulys Real-Encyclopiidie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, vierzehnter Band, Stuttgart 1930,
2516- 2528.
Ercegovic-Pavlovic, Minic 1986
S. Ercegovic-Pavlovic, D. Minic, Le site d'habitation et la necropole
de Pozajmiste (Pe3HMe: CpeA~boseKOBHO Hace!be 11 HeKporrona
Ha JIOKaJIHTeTy Tio3ajMHWTe y fpa6os11u,M ), 1jepgaucKe cBecKe I Cahiers des Partes de Fer III , fieorpa11 1986, 353-361.
Fiala - Patsch 1895
F. Fiala - K. Patsch, Romische Funde in der Hercegovina,
Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus Bosnien und der Hercegovina III, Wien 1895,275- 308 .
Frazer 1966
A. Frazer, The Iconography of the Emperor Maxentius' Buildings
in Via Appia, The Art Bulletin XLVIII, London 1966, 385- 392.
Formige 1943
]. Formige, Proportion et traces harmonique, Pari s 1943.
Formige 1949
). Formige, La Triomphe d es Alpes (La Tourbie), Galia 11 (Suppl. ),
Paris 1949, 110 sqq.
Frigerio 1934-35
F. Frigerio,Antiche porte de citta italiche e romane, Rivista archeologica del/a provincia antica diocesi di Como 108- 110, Como 1934-35, 1-285.
224
\ ,J,
BIBLIOG RAP HY
GaU 1958 I.Z. Gall, Modes de construction et technique dans !'architecture romaine, Revue Archeologique, avril - juin, Paris 1958, 181-202.
Gerke 1973 F. Gerke, Kasna antika i rano hriscanstvo (prevod A.Cermanovic-Kuzmanovic), Novi Sad 1973.
Grabar 1963 A. Grabar, Sculptures byzantines de Constantinople, rve-xe siecle, Institut franrais d'archeologie d'Jstanbul XVTTl , Paris 1963.
Grenier 1934 A. Grenier, Man uel d'archeologie prehistorique celtique et gallo-romaine, Paris 1934.
Guggisberg 2003 M. Guggisberg, Der spiitromische Silberschatz von Kaiseraugst. Die neuen Funde, Augst 2003.
Hannestad 1988 N. Hannestad, Roman Art and Imperial Policy, Aarhus 1988.
Hoddinott 1963 R.F. Hoddinott, Early Byzantine Churches in Macedonia and Southern Serbia, London 1963.
Homo 1951 L. Homo, Rome imperial et l'urbanisme dans l'antiquite, Paris 195 1.
Hunyady 1942/ 1944 I. Hunady, Keltdk a Karpat-medenceben, Dissertationes Pannonice 11, Budapest 1942-L 944.
Ilic 2008 0 . Il ic, Early Christian Baptisteries in Northern Illyricum (Pe3HMe: PaHoxpmunaHcKe KpcrHOHHT~e y ceaepHOM l1rmpHKy), Starinar LVI (2006), Beograd 2008, 223-244.
Ms aHOBCKH 1984 M. VlsaHOBCKH, £,11,eH ,IJ,OU,IIOaHTH'leH rpoi:i ou TapaHem (Summary: A Late-antique Grave from Taranesh), >KuBa aHUiuKa I Antiquite Vivante 34/1-2, CKonje 1984, 219-226.
Ivanovski 1987 M. Ivanovski, The Grave of a Warrior from the Period of Licinius I fou nd at Taranes, Archaeologia lugoslavica 24, Beograd 1987, 81-90.
JaHKOBHn 1983 1). ]aHKoswh, Y CY'fOHY aHTHKe, [aMJufpag. KacHoaHWU'IKU u,apcKu gBopau, ( Gamzigrad. An Tmperial Palace of the Late Classical Times), f anep11ja CAHY 45, Eeorpa)J, 1983, 98-119.
JaHKOBHn 1983 A 1). JaHKOBI1n, PaHOBH3aHTwjcKH f aM3wrpaJI, f aMJufpag. KacHoaHUiur-tKu u,apcKu gBopaf1 (Gamzigrad. An Imperial Palace of the Late Classical Times), fanepwja CAHY 45, Eeorpa.a I 983, 120- 14 1.
JaHKOBKI11983 B 1). ]aHKOBHn, CnoseHCKH rpa)J,, faMJuipag. KawoaHiiiu'-IKu 11apcKu gBopau, ( Gamzigrad. An imperial Palace of the Late Classical Times), fanep11ja CAHY 45, EeorpaA 1983, 142-160.
JaHKOBHfl1997 1). JaHKOBHh, CnoBeHH y J1cTO<JHOj CpiiHjH y V1 11 vn CTOJieny (The Slavs in East Serbia in VI and VTI Century), ApxeollOUIKa ucfupa:HCu6m-tJa Mcwo•tHe Cp5uje I Archaeology of Eastern Serbia (ype.UHMK M. Jla3wn), Eeorpa.a, 1997, 133- 149.
JanKonKI12007 1). JaH KOBHh, CpucKo lloMopje og 7. go 10. ciftollelia, EeorpaA 2007.
}aHKOBHn M. 1981 M. JaHKOBHh, CpeglbOBeKOBHO NaceJbe Ha Bel!LtKOM fpagt(y y X- XI BeKy (Resume: Le site d'habitation de Veliki Gradac aux xe;xie siecles, Eeorpa.u 1981 .
JanKos»n M. 1983 M. )aHKOBHii, HeKH no.uau,11 o 113pa,11,11 npe)J,MeTa OA oi:iojenax MaTana Ha Klh)"JY ,llyHaHa y IX-X BeKy (Summary: Some Informations on Production of Non-ferrous Metals in the Region of Kljuc in the Dan ube Valley from 9th to J l1h Century), 35opHUK pagoBa HapogHof MyJeja XJ-1, oeorpaA 1983,99-118.
}aHKOBHn M., JaHKonwli. 1). 1978 M. JaHKOBHh, 1). JaHKOBHh, Tio.ayHaBCKH rpa,ll,OBH noMeHyTH Kao nocTpaJlaJ1H I 072 rOJlHHe {Resume: Les vi lies danubiennes citees en 1072), foguw~baK lpaga Eeolpaga 25, Eeorpa.n 1978,41- 57.
JaHKon»n M., JaHKOB»Ill). 1990 M. JaH KOB»h, 1). JaHKOBHh, Cllo6eHu y jyiocllo6eHCKOM llogyHa6lbY (Resume: Les Slaves du bassin danubien yougoslave), Eeorpa.a 1990.
Jeanmarie 1951 H. Jea nmarie, Dionysos. Histoire du C!.dte de Bacchus, Paris 1951.
225
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jelocnik 1961 A. )elocnik, Najdba argenteusov zgodnje tetrarhije v Sisku I The Sisak Hoard of Argentei of the Early Tetrarchy, Situ/a 3, Ljubljana 1961.
Jeper.ndi 1993 M. JepeMMn, KaTanor, PuMcKu 11apcKu ipagoiJu u Cta11aiUe y Cp5uju (np11pe.UHO ,U. Cpejoswn ), Eeorpa.u 1993, 196, r<aT. 34.
Jeremic 1993 M. Jeremic, Catalogue, Roman Imperial towns and palaces in Serbia (ed. D. Srejovic), Belgrade 1993, 196, cat. 34.
]eund i 2004 M. }eBTHn, fBOJ.UeHo .uo5a y OKOl!11HI1 Eopa (Summary: The Iron Age in the Bor Area), Sop u OKOJIUHa y upauciUopuju aHiUUt(U u
cpeqH>eM eeKy I The Bar Area in Prehistory, Antiquity and the Middle Ages (ype.UH11K. M. JiaJwn), Bop - Beorpap, 2004, 127-163.
Jobst 2002 H. ]obst, Il culto delle divinita orien tali a Carnuntum, M. Buora, W. )obst (Hrsg.), Roma sui Danubio. Da Aquileia a Carnuntum lungo la via dell'ambra, Ausstellungskatalog, Udine 2002, 133- 138.
]oBaHoBHJl A. 1975 A. }osaHOBI1n, HeKJ1 acneKTM npo6nerv1a cKynHor Hal!a3a crynnTypa ea Me.uwjaHe KO.U H11wa (Resume: Certains aspects du probleme de la trouvaille collective de sculptures a Mediana pres de Naissus), CtuapuHap XXIV-XXV ( 1973-1974), Beorpa.u 1975, 57-65.
JouaHOBHn A., JianouH111993 A. JosaHoswn, A. Jlanos11n, Ocnna conHp,a 113 f aMJwrpap,a (Romuliana) (Summary: A Hoard of Coins from Gamzigrad (Romuliana )), HyMU3Matuu•tap 16, Eeorpap;, 61-78.
Jovanovic A., Lalovic 1994 A. }ovanovic, A. Lalovic, Hoard of Gold Coins Discovered next to the Foundation of Mausoleum 1, in: Srejovic, Vasic 1994, 181- 185.
]oBaHOBHii E. 2004 5. }osaHoswn, HeonwT w paHH eHeon:wT I The Neolithic and Early Eneolithic, Sop u OKOJIUHa y upauciUopuju, aHUJUI,(U u cpegHJeM BeKj' I The Bar Area in Prehistory, Antiquity and the Middle Ages (ype,llHJ.1K. M. JiaJwli), oop - Eeorpa.u 2004, 33-55.
Jovanovic B., Jankovic 1996 B. Jovanovic, N. )ankovic, Die Keramik der Nekropole der ParaCin-Kultur - Trnjane bei Bor, The Yugoslav Danube Basin and
Neighbouring Regions in the 211d Millennium B. C., Beograd 1996, 185-201.
}OBaUOBHii C. 1987 C. )osaHOBHn, ITpaHCTopHjCKH noKa/lwTeTH KI-ba)f{eBa'IKOr Kpaja, TJCaCH uK CpacKoi apxeoliOLUKof gpywiUea 4, Eeorpa.u 1987, 120-124.
}OBaHOBHO C. 1997 C. }osaHOBHn, Cpe.ul-hoBeKOBHa HeKponona Ha fa MJHrpap;y (Summary: Medieval Cemetery al Gamzigrad), Y3gapje JI,palocJCaey CpejotJUny I ANTJ.MlPON Dragoslav Srejovic (ypeAHMT< M. Jia311n), Eeorpap; 1997, 503-509.
}OBaHOBHn C. 2000 C. )osaHOBHn, PoMynHjaHa. Cpe.ll.l-bOBeKOBHa HeKponona HcnpeA HCTO'!He Karmje, PaJeuiUaK 40, 3aje<Jap 2000, 203-204.
]OBHD 1998 B. Jos11h, KaMeH y TeTpapXHjcKoj apXHTeKT)'p11 - npHMeHa, nopeKno u CHM5onu'IKO 3Ha'le~be, PaJauiUaK 38, 5p. 200, 3aje'Iap 1998, 134- 137.
Kanitz 1868 F. Kanitz, Reise in Sud-Serbien und Nord Bulgarien, Wien 1868.
Kanitz 1868 A F. Kanitz, Serbien, Leipzig 1868.
Kautzsche 1936 R. Kautzsche, Kapitellstudien, Beitrage ut einer Geschichte des spii tantiken Kapitels im Osten van virten his ins siebende fahrhundert, Berlin- Leipzig 1936.
Kaler 1965 H. Kaler, Split i Piazza Armerina, rezidencije dvaju careva-tetraha, Urbs 4 (196 1- 1962), Split 1965,97- 109.
Keller 1971 E. Keller, Die spiitromischen Grabfunde in Sudbayern, Mi.inchen 1971.
Koep 1958 L. Koep, Die Konsekrationmi.inzen Kaiser Konstanti ns und ihre religions-politische Bedeutung, Jahrbuch fiir Antike und Christentum 1, 1958,94-104.
Kolarik 2006 R. Kolarik, Late antique floor mosaics in the Balkans (Pe3HMe: KacHOaHTJ1LIKH nop;HH M03al1u,H Ha EaJJKaHy), Huw u Bu3aHiUuja I Nis and Byzantium IV, H HI.LI 2006, 159-178.
226
BIBLIOGRAPH Y
Kondic 1984 V. Kondic, Les fo rmes des fortifications protobyzantines dans la region des Portes de Fer, Villes et peuplement dans l'Iliricum protobyzantin, Rome 1984, 132-161.
KoH.n.Hn 1994 J. KoH)JJin, KaTanor, AHiiiuttKo cpeopo y Cp6uju (np11pei(J1JTa vt. f1onOB11 h) I Antique Silver from Serbia (ed . I. Popovic), £eorpa,11, 1994,327, KaT. 27 1.
Krautheimer 1965 R. Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, Baltimore 1965.
Krencher-Zschietzschmann 1938 D.W. Krcncher-Zschietzschmann, Romische Tempel in Sirien, Berlin- Leipzig 1938.
JlaJIOBM 1983 A. Jlanoawli, EnwrpacpcKH cnoMeHHLU1, faM3uipag . KacHoaHiilut.tKu 4apcKu geopa4 ( Gamzigrad. An Imperial Palace of the Late Classical Times), fanep11ja CAHY 45, £eorpaA 1983, 163-177.
JlaJIOBHii 1983 A A. JianOBHn, Hosau, ra:vrJuipag. KacHOaHiiiU'tKU L(apcKU geopau, ( Gamzigrad. An Imperial Palace of the Late Classical Times), fanepwja CAHY 45,£eorpa.u 1983,171-177.
JlaJIOBHn 1993A A. JlaJIOBHh, KaTanor, PuMCKU u,apcKU fpagoeu u uaJiaiiie (npwpeD,HO JJ:. Cpejoauh), EeorpaA l993, 204-208, KaT. 48-50.
Lalovic 1993 B A. Lalovic, Catalogue, Roman Imperial Towns and Palaces in Serbia (ed. D. Srejovic), Belgrade l993, 204-208, cat. 48-50.
JlaJIOBHn 1998 A. Jlanoawh, ApxeonoruKa HCTpa)!{HBalba Ha faM3HrpaAyRomuliana y 1996. 11 1997. roi(HHH, PrueuiiiaK 200, 3aje'rap 1998, 126.
JlaJIOBHn 2000 A. Jlanoswh, ApxeonowKa HCTpa)!{HBaiba Ha faM3HrpaD,yRomuliana y l998 11 1999. roli,HHH, PrueuiiiaK 203-204, 3aje<Jap 2000, 125.
Jiarros Hii, P}'*Hii, JoBaHosHii 1997 A. JianosHh, M. Py)!{Hn, C. JonaHOBHh, Porvi)'JlHjaHa- faM311rpa.u,, KacHoaHTH<JKa yTBpl)eHa nanaTa, Tep.Me, CiilapuHap XLVIII, fieorpaJ!,, 1992, 199.
Lavedan 1926 P. Lavedan, Histoire del' urbanisme, Antiquite- moyen-age, Paris 1926.
Lavin 1963 I. Lavin, The Hunting Mosaics of Antioch and their Sources, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 17, Washington 1963, 179-286.
Lavin 1967 I. Lavin, The Ceiling Frescoes in Trier and 11lusionisme in Constantinian Painting, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 21, Washington 1967,99-113.
Laubscher 1975 H. P. Laubscher, Die Reliefschmuck des Galeriusbogens in Thessalonike, Berlin 1975.
JiaaHii 1998 M. Jla311 li , faM311rpa.u,cKa KynTypa- nocne,albe OTKpHhe JJ:parocnasa Cpejos11ha (Summary: Gamzigrad Culture- the Last Discovery of Dragoslav Srejovic), Pagoeu JJ:pafocJiaea Cpejoeuha ua uciiipaJicueaH:Jy upauciiiopuje 4eHiiipalii-IOf 5aJIKaHa (ype)I,HHK H. TacHh), KparyjeBau 1998, 147-158.
JiaaKn 2004 M. Jla3Hh, .6op H OKOJlHHa y 5pou3auo .u,o5a (Summary: The Bor Area in the Bronze Age), Sop u oKOJIUHa y iipaucluopuju, aHii1u4u u cpeg~beM eeKy - The Bor Area in Prehistory, Antiquity and the Middle Ages (ype.UHHK M. Jla3Mh), Eop - .6eorpa.u 2004, 101-125.
Levi1974 D. Levi, Antioch Mosaic Pavements I, Princeton- Londra 1947.
Lippold 1950 G. Lippold, Die griechische Plastik, Mlinchen 1950.
LugU 1957 G. Lugli, La tehnica edilicia romana con particolare reguarde aRoma e Lazio, Roma 1957.
Ma'Iaj 1882 C. Ma'-Iaj, Ll,pHope~IKH oKpyr, DwcttuK cpuCKof Y'teHoi gpywiiiea 73, fieorpa.a 1882.
Madas 1970 D. Madas, Savac, Lapovo- anticko nalaziste, Arheo/oski pregled 12, Beograd 1970, 133-134.
227
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Majnaric-Pandi ic 1996 N. Majnaric-Pandzic, lekoliko napomena o uvodenju ranolatenskog st ila u severn u Hrvatsku i Bosnu (Summary: Several remarks on the introduction of the Early La Tene style in northern Croatia and Bosnia), Arheoloski radovi i raspmve 12, Zagreb 1996,31-53.
Mamford 1988 L. Mamford, Crnd u historiji (preveo V. lvir), Zagreb 1988.
Mango 1959 C. Mango, The Brazen House; A Study of the Vestibule of the Imperial Palace at Constantinople, K6benhavn 1959, 98-107.
Mauesa 1992 E. Manesa, CpegHoBeKoaeu IWKurli og MaKegouuja (Summa ry: The Medieval jewellery of Macedonia),
CKonje 1992.
MaH0-3t~cH 1959 1). MaH0-31!CII, ITponoroMeHa y3 11po8neMe KaCHOaiiTH 'I KIIX M03ai1Ka y VII111pHK)'MY (Res ume: Mosa·iques de l'epoque du bas-empire en Illyricum ), 35opwtK pagoaa Hapog110f M)'Jeja 11 ,
Eeorpa.a 1959,83-109.
Marasovic 1968 T. i ). Marasovic, Dioklecijnnovn pnlnca, Zagreb 1968.
MarasoviC, McnaUy 1972 ). Marasovic, Sh. Mcnally, lzvestaj o jugoslovensko-americkom projektu istrazivanja jugoistocnog dijela Palace, I dio, Urbs, Split 1972,2 1-23.
Marasovic, McnaUy 1977 ). i T. Marasovic, Sh. Mcnally, Dioklecijanova palaca. lzvestaj o jugoslovensko-americkom projektu istrazivanja, 11 dio, Urbs, Split 1977, 3-68.
Marasovic 1982 T. Marasovic, Dioklecijanova palacn. Svjetska kultumn bastinn, Beograd 1982.
MapjaHoswli-Byjos»h 1987 r. MapjaiiOBHh-ByjOBHn, KpciTIOBII og VI go X If BeKn l/3 30UpKe HapogHof ,\f)'Jeja I Crosses 61/r-1 21h C. from the Collection of National Museum, Georpan 1987.
Martin 1956 R. Martin, L'urbanisme rlans le Crece antique, Paris 1956.
Martin 1968 R. Martin , Sculpture et peinture clans les fa~ades monumentales au IVc siecle avant J.C., Revue Arc/l(!ologique 1, Paris 1968.
Maw KHH 1978 H. A. Maw KH H, 11nuopujn C!Ttnpof Ptt,ltn, Beorpal( 1978.
MapHI1 1963
3. Map11h, KenTCKH eneMem 11 y l\Jna~e.\-1 )f{eJJe3II OM no5y oocHe 11 Xepl(erOBIIIIe (Resume: Elements celtiques de la fin de I' age du fer en Bosnie- Herzcgovine), f;wwuK 3eMnivCKof M)'Jeja XVII I, Capajcno 1963, 67-70.
McKay 1984 A. G. McKay, l~dllliscl1e Hiiuser, Villen und Paliiste, Feldmeilen 1984.
Menont1h 2008 A. Me.aos11h, fa .\<13Hrpa,n,cK II pa·1apu - ,n,sa KopaKa 11311pe.a, jenaH KOpa K Ha3a!l (Summary: Gamzigrad farmers- two steps forward, one step back), Pag MyJeja Bojaogwte 50,
HOBH Ca.u 2008, 151- 173.
M 11.-X3 HJJOB 1993 C. M11xaHnos, HasH .naHII II 3a fonHMaTa 5a3J111 11 Ka n rLmteKa, n/1/tCKa- npecRaB 6, CoqmH 1993, 22-32.
MHJ< Hii 2009 )[(. NI II KHn, naJJeO,ile~10rpaQKK3 IIHTepnpeTaU.IIja CpC;J,lhOBeKOBIIe lleKp0110Jie 11 38311 HCTO'!HC Ka1 111je faM3Hrpana (FeJix RomuJiana) (Summary: Paleodemographic Interpretation of the Medieval Cemetery Outside the Ea tern Gate of Gamzigrad (Fclix Romuiiana)), Balcnnicn 39, Beograd 2009.
Milic I988
B. Milic, Razvoj gradn kroz stolecrr, Zagreb 1988.
Mirkovic 1968 M. Mirkovic, Rimski gmdovi 11n Dunavu 11 Cornjoj Meziji (Zusammenfassung: Romische Stiirlte nn rfer Donau Obemndsien, Dissertationes VI , Beograd 1968.
MHp•1esa 2004 E. M11p•reBa, <D118yna CbC 300MOpcpen npbCTeH OT Bcni1KOT TpHOLICKO (Summary: A fibula with zoomorphic ring from the Veliko Turnovo Distrikt), 11JBect7iuJI Im HepogHII MyJeti 36/37, Bap11a 2004, 164-170.
Mocsy 1974 A. Mocsy, Pannonia nnrf Upper Moesin, London 1974 .
228
BI BUOGRAP!-1 Y
Moreau 1954
). Moreau, Lactance, De la mort des persecuteurs 1- II, Commentaire de J. Moreau (Sources clmitiennes N° 39), Paris 1954.
HeHa)J.OBHii 1963
C. HcJtallOBHii , Eofopogut(a JbeeuwKa, lveH rlocillriHaK u l·vei·IO
Mecmo y apxuUieKUiypu MullyfiiuHoBoi epeMeHa, 6eorpa.n. 1963.
Nikolajevic-Stojkovic 1957 I. Nikolajevic-Stojkovic, Ranovizantijskn nrhitektonskn dekorativnn
plnstika u Makedoniji, Srbiji i Cmoj Gori, Bcograd 1957.
Nikolajevic 1965
I. Nikolajevic, Chapiteaux d'ordre corinthien de Sirmium, Acten des VII Internationalen Kongresses fiir Christliche Archiiologie, Trier 1965, 653-660.
HHKOJJHii, 1)ypK'IH.I1 1997
)],. Hl1l<Ol1Hii, C. 1)ypw1Hii Pe3ynr arH COH)l.a)I(HOr Kcrpa)I(HBatba eHeoJntTCKOr Hacelba Ben11roao (Summary: Results of the ondage of the Aeneolith ic Settlement of Beligovo), flinCH IlK CpilcKof
apxeOJIOtuKOf gpytuiliea 13, Eeorpa.u 1997, 79-88.
HonaKOBHI11908
C. HoaaKOBHfi, OxpHACKa apX11enHcKonHja y nocJeTK)' XI seKa, r,1ac CpucKe KpalbeBcKe aKnge~>wje 76, Eeorpa.u 1908, 1-62.
OCTporopcKH 1959
f. OCTporopcKH, Mcrliopuja BuJaHillllje, 6eorpa.n. 1959.
Papazoglu 1969 F. Papazoglu, Srednjobalkn~~ska plemena 11 prerlrimsko rloba,
Ccntar za balkanoloska ispitivanja, knj. I, Sarajevo 1969 .
Paribeni di 1940 R. di Paribeni, Le dimore dei potentiores net basso impero,
Mitteilungen des Deutschen archeologischen lnstituts,
RomischeAbt. 55, 1940,13 1- 148.
Petkovic 1999
S. Petkovic, Meaning and Provenance of Horses' Protomes
Decoration on the Roman Antler Combs, Starinar XLIX ( 1998), Beograd 1999, 213- 228.
lleTKOBHfl 2003
C. f1eTKOBHii, l.]elUibCBH Oil jene1ner pora H3 jy)KHe KyJJe 3alla)J,He Ka nHje Mnaber yrapljerba PoYrynHjaHe, PmeruTiaK XLI I I,
6p. 211-212, 3ajeYap 2003, 35-40.
fleTI<OBHfl 2004
C. f1 eTKOBHn, ApxeOJJOUJKa YICKOJ iaBaJ ba Ha 110Kalll1TeTy
Romu/iann - f aM311rpan y jy)I(HOj Kym1 3anan;He KanHje Mnaljer ympljeJna y 2002. rOI!HH~J , f ilaCitUK CA)l, 20, 6eorpa.n. 2004, 127-I 53.
TierKonHn 2008 A
C. f1eTr<OBHh, VI CKOrJaBal ba Ha l!OKamnery raM3HrpallRomuliana 2004. rOJli1He, ApxeoRott.tKu tlpeiJieg, II OBa cep11ja 213
(200412005) I Archaeological Excavations in GamzigradRomuliana 2004, Arclraeological Reports, New Series 213
(200412005), Eeorpan 2008, 61-63 .
TierKonwn 2008 B
c. neTKOBHh, VICKOJiaBa Jba Ha JIOKaJIHTeTy raM3111'pa.n.Romuliana 2005. rOAHHe, ApxeoJIOtiiKl t tlpei~~eg, 11oaa cep11ja 213 (200412005) I Archaeological Excavations in Gamzigrad
Romu lian;:t 2005, Archaeological Reports, [\'ew Series 213
(200412005), 6eorpa.u. 2008,64-67.
Petkovic 2008 C
S. Petkovic, Fibule u rimskim provincija111a na tlu Srbije
or/ ! do I V veka 11.e. (Fibulae in Ro111a11 Provinces on the Territory of Serbia, 1- !V Centwy A. D.), rukopis doktorske teze, Filozofski fa kul tet, Beograd 2008.
Petkovic 2009 S. Petkovic, Late Roman Necropolis of Romuliana,
Area South to the Fortified Palace (Research 2005-2006) (Pe3HMe: KacHoarrrw-rKa HeKponona Po~tym1jaHe,
npOCTOp jy)KHO OA )'TBpljCHe naJiaTe (HCrpa)f<HBa Jba 2005-2006)), Stnrinnr LV I If (2007), Beograd 2009, 251 - 275.
lleTKOBHn, )({J1BI11i 2006
c. n erKOBHii, M. }KJ1BHii, rpylJa 6pOH33HHX <fJH6yna
ea Po~v~ynHja rJ e (Su mmary: The Group of the Bronze Fibulae from Romuliana), 35opmtK pagoea HapogHof MyJeja XV III/I,
6corpar~ 2006, 439-458.
TieTKonwn, )J{HsHn 2006 A
C. 0 eTKOBl1fi - M. }I< HBHn, Tparou1·1 YJeTanypmKHx ar<THB HOCn l y KaCHOaHTWIKOj Po.~I}'JJHjaHJI: I!CTpa)I(HBa!-ba 2002-2005 (Summary: Traces of Metallurgical Act ivit ies in Late Roman
Romuli ana: Resea rch 2002-2005), [JtaCHUK CAJ] 2212006,
6eorpan 2006, 135-148.
IlerKonHn, }KHnHn, KarrypaH 2009
C. f1eTKOBl11i , M. >KHBHfi, A. KarrypaH, VlcKonaBaJba
Ha rroKaJIHTeTy faM3Hrpa.u. - Romuliana y 2007. rOD.HHI1, ApxeoJlOUIIW upeilleg 5 (2007), 6eorpa.u 2009 (y UJTaMr111).
2 29
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Petrikovits von 1971
H. von Petrikovits, Fortifications in the North-Western Roman
Empire from the Third to the Fifth Centu ries A.D.,
Journal of Roman Studies 61, London, 1971, 178-2 18.
Ikrpounn 1975
n. TierpOBHii , ITaJieolpacj)uja puMCKUX Haiit uuca y fop!Voj MeJuju (Resume: Paleographie des inscriptions romaines en Mesie Superieure), Eeorpa.o. 1975.
Picard 1962
Ch. Picard, Les partes sculptee ii images divines, Paris 1962.
Picard 1962 A
Ch. Picard, La sculpture antique. Origines de la sculpture byzantine 11, Paris 1962.
PLREI A.H.M. )ones- J. R. Martindale - ). Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume 1: A.D. 260-395,
Cambridge- London- New York- Melbourne 1975.
Popovic 1. 1997
I. Popovic, Miscellanea Argentea, Starinar XLVlll, 1997, 73-90.
Popovic I. 2006
I. Popovic, Trepied et vaisselle en argent provenant du monument
consecrateur n°1 a Magura, Felix Romuliana. 50 Years of Archaeological Excavations. Papers from the Tn ternational Conference. Zajeear, 27111-291/r October 2003 (Ed. M. Vasic),
Belgrade 2006, 55-68.
Ilonounll 11. 2008
VI. ITonos11n, fanep11jes noprper H3 PoM)'llHjaHe y cserny
npe.o.crasa u,apCKHX H cseurreHI1'1KI1X HHCHrr-mja y pHM CKOj
yMeTHOCTM (Summary: Galerius' Portrait fro m Romuliana in the Light of the Representatio ns of the Emprerors and Priests
in Roman Art), J{pafoCJia6 CpejoButi u yMeiiiHociit, MeM.opujaJI J{pafocJiaBa CpejoButia, 315opHuK pagoBa 3 (ypeJJ,HHK B. JosHn),
Kparyjesau., 2008, JOS-U9.
Popovic P.1996
P. Popovic, Early La Tene Between Pannonia and the Balkans,
Starinar XLVII, Beograd 1996, 105-125.
Price 1987
S. Price, From Noble Funerals to Divine Cult: the Consecration
of Roman Emperors, Rituals of Royality (ed. D. Cannadine, S. Price),
Cambridge 1987, 56- 1 05.
Prottel1991
P. M. Prottel, Zur Chronologie der Zwiebelknopffibeln,
Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanischen Zentra/museums Mainz 35/1
(1988), Mainz 1991,347-372.
Reasch 1984
). J. Reasch, Das Maxentius-Mausoleum an der Via Appia in Rom, Mainz 1984.
Reusch 1966
W. Reusch, Wandmalerei und Mosaikboden eines Peristylhauses
in Bereich der Trierer Kaiserthennen, Trier Zeitschrift fur Gesch. und Krmst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete 29,
Trier 1966, 187-235.
Richmond 1955
J.A. Richmond, Britain and Roman m ili ta ry an tiq u ities,
Proceedings of the British Academy V, Xll, London 1955.
Roman, Dodd-Opritescu, Janos 1992
P. Rom an, A. Dodd-Opri(escu, P. janos, Beitri:ige zur Problematik der schnurverzierten Keramik Siidosteuropas, I nternatio nale
lnterakademische Kommissio n fiir die Erforschung der
Vorgeschichte des Balkans, Monographic ITI, Mainz 1992.
Salies 1974
G. Salies, Untersuchungen zu den geometrischen
Gliederungsschemata romischer Mosaiken,
Banner jahrbiicher 174, Bonn 1974, 4-34.
Schlibach 1970
E. Schlibach, Byzantinische Metrologie, Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft XII, MCmchen 1970.
Schlunk 1970
H. Schlu nk, Beit riige zur Kun stgeschichtlich ten Stellung
Toledos im 7. Jah rhundert, Madrider Mitteilungen 13,
Madrid L970, 161- 169.
Schulze 1909
R. Schulze, Die romische Stadttore, Banner fahrbi.icher 118,
Bonn 1909, 280-352.
Schulten 1979
P. N . Schulten, Die Typologie der romischen Konsekrationspri:igungen, Frankfurt 1979.
Sechan, Uveque 1966
L. Sechan, P. Leveque, Les grandes divinites de la Grece, Paris 1966.
230
BIBLI OG RAPH Y
Seston 1946 W. Seston, Diocletien et la Tetrnrchie. 1 Guerres et refonnes (284-300), Paris 1946.
Seston 1950 W. Seston, Jovius et Hercul ius ou l'epiphanie des Tetrarcq ues, Historia I 1950, 257-266.
Skok 1971 P. Skok, Etimologijski 1jecnik hrvatskog ili srpskog jezika, Zagreb 197 1.
Smith 1956 B. E. Smith, Architectural Symbolism of Imperial Rorne and the Middle Ages, Prince/on Monographs in Art et Archaeology X..XX, Princeton - New York, 1956.
Cna)I.wll 2003 M. CnaJI.IIh, TparoM pa 1111X Ke!ITCKHX y-r11~aja Ha npocTopy Tii MO'I Ke KpajHHe (Summary: On tracing early celtic influences in Timocka Krajina, Balcnnica XXX Ill XXX I l l (200 I /02), Beorpa.u 2003, 37-47.
CnaJI.HJi 2005 M. Cna.uuh, Bl11llltiJ, IIIIa 5aun a- ceno ra:.1311 rpa,ll,: HaCeJbe 11031101' naTeHa y AOJJH HH L~p 1 1 0r THMOKa (Summary: Visicina bastaGa mzigrad vi llage: Settlement of la Tene Culture in Valley of the Black Timok River), fnacHIIK Cpi1cKol apxeoJJOliiKOt gpyr111Tiaa 21,
6eorpa.u 2005, 2 11-232.
Cnan;Hfi, ]osaHoswll 1977 M. Cna.aHh, C. ) onauon~di, OcTaUH cTapHjeHeOJI IITCKHX uaceJba ea nOAPY'•ia I<H>a)l{enua (Summary: Traces of the Early 'eolithic Settlement!> in the Area of Knjazevac), ApxeoMillja IICITio•IIIC Cp611)e I Archaeology of Eastern Serbia (ypeAHIIK M. fla311h ), 6eorpan 1977, 167-175.
Ciia.a,wl1, Py)lml1 200 I M. Cnawrh, M. Py/KIIh, MHJieTOB 5yHap, HOBO HaCeJbe raM3Hrpa.uc~<e KynType (Summary: Miletov Bunar, New Settlement of Gamzigracl Culture), 1/wcuuK CplicKoi apxeoJJowKoi gpyrwTiaa 17, 6eorpa.ll. 2001, 153-168.
Cpejoswn 1983 ,[l. Cpejonuh, YnoA, faMJuipag. KacHoaHITill'lKU l(apcKu gaopm( (Gamzigmd. An imperial Palace in the Late Classical Times), ranep11ja CAHY 45, 6eorpan, 4-16; 193-194.
Cpejosw l1 1983 A D,. Cpejonuh, raM311rpa,ll, y npaHCTOp11jl1, faM311ipag. KacHOaHITill'tKII t{apcKrl gaopm( (Gamzigrad. An imperial Palace of
the Late Classical Times), fanep11ja CAHY 45, 6eorpa.ll. 1983, 19-21; 194.
CpejonHJi 1983 B ,ll,. Cpejoswn, PHlltCKo noJbcKo u:.IaJbe, fa,\fJuipag. Kamom~iUutJKu u,apcKu gaopatl ( Gamzigmd. An Imperial Palace of the La te Classical Tim es), fanepuja CA H Y 45, BeorpaA 1983, 21-23; 194.
CpejonHJi 1983 C ,ll,. Cpejos11l1, U:apcKw nBopau, faMJIIipag. J<awom uuu•tKu tlapcKII gaopml ( Gamzigmd. An Imperial Palace of the Late Classical Times), fanepuja CA H Y 45, 6eorpaJl 1983, 24-95; 194-199.
Cpejos1m 1985 ,ll,. CpejosHn, Felix Romuliana, ranepujena nanaTa y [aM311 rpa.ll.y (Resume: Felix Romuliana. Le palais de Galere a Gamzigrad), CLTiapt1Hap XXXVI, Georpan 1985, 51-67.
Cpejonwfi1986 ,ll,. Cpejos11 l1, LI,Be KacHoaHTH'-IKe uapcKe na;taTe (Summary: Two Late Classical Palaces in Yugoslavia: D.iocletianus' Palace in Split and Galerius' Palace in Gamzigrad), fnac CAHY CCCXLIII, OneJbeH>e IICTOplljcKIIX HayKa, KH>. 5, 6eorpan 1986, 9-25.
Cpejoo1m 1986 A ,ll,. CpejooHI1, Felix Romuliana: U:apcKa namna I!J111 ... ? (Resume: Felix Romuliana: Palais imperiale ou ... ?)
CtTiapmwp XXXVTI, 6eorpaA, 1986, 87-102.
Cpejonwi1 1993 A ,ll,. CpejOBHn, Felix Romuliana. ranepujen IIHeOJJO WKII TeCTaMeHT, PuMcKu llapcKu ipagoBII 11 1/aJJarTie (11 p1tpen110 ,ll,. Cpejon11n), 5eorpan 1993,3 1-53, KaT. 232.
Srejovic 1993 B D. Srejovic, Felix Romul ia na. The Ideologica l Testament of Emperor Galerius, Rommr i111perial Towns and Palaces in Serbia ( ed . D. Srejovic), Belgrade 1993, 3 1- 53, cat. 232.
Srejovic 1993 C D. Srejovic, Catalogue, Roman I111perial Tow/IS and Palaces in Serbia, Belgrade 1993, 232, cat. 71.
CpejoBJdi 1993 D ,ll,. CpejOBHn, UapCKH M3)'30JJej )' raM311rpa.ll.y (Felix Romuliana), Prua111TiaK X..XXI IT/ 1- 2, 3aje<rap 1993, 4-8.
231
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cpejonnn 1993 E .IJ:. CpejoB11h, Y faM 311rpa.uy (Por.qnHjaHM) npoHal)eHa rnasa
c-raTye p11MCKor HMnepaTopa fanepHja, Pa3auiliaK XXXIII/1- 2,
3ajeciap 1993, 64-65.
Srejovic 1994 A D. Srejovic A Porphyry H ead of a Tetrarch from Romuliana
(f aM311rpaJJ.) , CiliapuHap XLIII- XLIV (1 992-1993),
Eeorpa,ll. 1994, 41-47.
Srejovic 1994 B
The representa tion of Tet rarchs in Romuliana, Antiquite Tardive 2,
Paris 1994, 143-152.
Srejovic 1995 A
D. Srejovic, Imperial Head Unearthed in Se rbia,
Archaeology 48 (l ), New York 1995, 14- 15.
Srejovic 1995 B
D. Srejovic, Diva Romula, Divus Gale rius, The Age ofTetrarchs. A Symposium held from the 4117 to the 9th October 1993
(ed. D. Srejovic), Belgrad e 1995, 297- 3 10.
Srejovic 1995 C
D. Srejovic, Felix Romuliana (Catalogue), Belgrade 1995.
CpejonHI11995 D .IJ:. Cpejos 11h, Diva Romula- Divus Galet·ius, CyH•tal-lu caili 5,
CpeMcKa M11TpOBI1JJ,a 1995, 17-30.
Srejovic 1996
D. Srejovic, Felix Romuliana, la residence de l'empereur Galet·e,
Dossiers d'archeologie 319, Dijon 1996,20-29.
CpejonHI11998
.IJ:. Cpejos 11h, Oil!egu o gpea 1-1oj yMea:utOciliu, Eeor paJJ, 1998.
CpejonHn, :U:epMaHosnn 1979
.IJ:. CpejosHh, A. UepMaHOBHh, Pet.tHUK ipt.tKe u puMCKe MUiUOizoiuje, Eeorpa)l. 1979.
Cpejosnn, JlanonHii, }aHKosHh 1981
.IJ:. Cpejos11n, A. Jlanos 11h, 1). }aHKOBHn, f aM3HrpaA (Resume:
Gamzigrad), CiliapuHap XXXl (1980), EeorpaJJ. l 981, 65-80.
Srejovic, Vasic 1994
D. Srejovic, C. Vasic, Imperial Mausolea and Consecration Memorials in Felix Romuliana (Gamzigrad, East Serbia), Belgrade 1994.
SrejoviC, Vasic 1994 A
D. Srejovic, C. Yasic, Emperor Galer ius' Build ings
in Romuliana (Gamzigrad, Eastern Serbia), Antiquite Tardive 2,
123- 141.
Cpejonnn, Jla3Hn 1997
.IJ:. C pejosHh , !vi. Jla3Hh, Hacelba 11 HeKpon one 5poH3aHor .uoiia
y THMOCJKOj Kpaji1HI1 (Summary: The Bro nze Age Sett lements
and Cemeter ies in Timocka Krajina), Apxeo11oiuja ucilio<me Cp5uje I Archaeology of Eastern Serbia (ype.UHHK M. Jla3Hn),
fieorpan 1997, 225-247.
Stein 1968
E. Stein, Histoire du Bas-empire I, Am sterdam 1968.
CTOjKonHh-flaneJIKa 1988/89
fi . CTojKOBwn-ll aseJIKa, BenaKH xpaM y faM3wrpa,D,y.
llpe.unor 3a p eKOHCTPYK JJ,Hjy (Resume: Le grand temple
a Felix Romuliana (Gamzigrad)), CaornuiUaba XX-XXI, Eeorpa.u 1988/89, 135- 145.
CTpwienHh, CyooTHn 1959
1). CTpwieswn, f. CyiioTwn, J1cKonaBal-be 3al-beBa'-IKe JJ,pKs e
(Resume: Fouilles de l'eglise de Zanjevac), Ciliapu~-tap IX- X
( 1958- 1959),fieorpan 1959,307-315.
Strzygowski 1906
J. Strzygowski, Spalato, ein Markstein der roman ischen
Kunst bei ih rem Obergange von Orient nach Abendlande,
Studien a us Kunst und Geschichte Fr. Schneider gewidmet, Freiburg in Breisgau 1906, 325-335.
Suic 1976
M . Suic, Anticlci grad na istocnom jadranu, Zagreb 1976.
Swoboda 1924
K. M . Swoboda, Romische und romanische Paliiste, Wien 1924.
Swoboda 1958
E. Swoboda, Carnuntum, Romische Forschungen in Niederosterreich I, Graz- Koln 1958.
Swo boda 1961
K. M. Swoboda, The Problem of the Iconography of Late Antique
and Early Medieval Palaces, journal of the Society of Architectual Historians XX, 1961,78-89.
Szabo 1971
M. Szabo, Keltak Niomaban Magiarorszagon, Bud apest 1971.
232
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Szabo 1971 A M. Szabo, Sur les Celtes en Hongrie, Budapest 197 1.
Szabo 1975 M. Szabo, Contribution a !'etude de !'art et de la chronologie de La Tene ancien ne en Hongrie, Folia Archaeologica XXV, Budapest 1975,7 1-86.
Szabo 1992 M. Szabo, Les Celtes de /'est, Paris 1992.
Szabo 2001 M. Szabo, Celtes de Hongrie xe-Je siecle av. ]. -C., Paris 200 I.
TasiC 1979 N. Tasic, Bubanj- Salku~a-Krivodol kompleks, Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja lJJ - Eneolit (I.Jrednik A. Benac), Sarajcvo 1979,87- 114.
Tacun 1997 H. TacHii, EHeOJJHT 11 5poH3aHo D,o5a ceBepoMCTO'-I IIC Cp611je (Summary: Eneol ithic and Early Bronze Ages in the North-East Serbia), Apxeolloiuja liCUiO'tHe Cp5uje I Archaeology of Eastern Serbia (ype,n HH K M. fla311l1), Eeorpa.n 1997,79-89.
TacMn 2004 H. Tan11i, Hana311ll1Ta 11 KyJnype 113 eHeonMTCKor nepHOJJ.a I Eneolithic Cultures and Sites in the Bor Area and its Environs, Sop 11 OKOllutW y LipauaTtopuju, aHLTIULlll u cpegHJe,\1 6eKy I The Bor Area in Prehistory, Antiquity and the Middle Ages (ype.UH HK M. fla311n), Eop- Eeorpa.n 2004, 57-99.
Thomas 1964 E. Thomas, Romische Villen in Pannonien, Budapest I 964.
ToMosun 1990 r. TOMOBH I1, fnarOJJ>CKM HaTnMC ea L(e<JaHa (Resume: Inscription glagolitiquc), 11ciiiopujcKu '1acofiuc I Revue historique XXXVIl , BeorpaD, 1990,5-18.
Toth 1973 E. T6th, Imperial Palace at Savaria, Acta Archaelogica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 25, Budapest 1973, 117-137.
T6th 1978/79 E. T6th, Obcr einen spatantiken Prunksaaltyp, Schrift von Steiner 15/l6, Festschrift Modrijan, Graz 1978/79, 189-195.
Tn?sors 1989 Tresors d'orfovrerie gallo-romains (ed. F. Baratte, K. Painter), Paris 1989.
Truhelka 1904 C. Truhelka, Der vorgeschichtliche Pfahlbanin Savabete bei Donja Dolina, \t\fissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus Bosnien und der Hercegovina IX, Wien 1904, 3-27.
Underwood 1948 A. Underwood, Some Principles of Measure in the Architecture of the Period of Justinian, Cahiers archeologique Ill, Paris 1948, 64-74.
Bacwn 'I. 1993 A Lf. Bac111i, Fe!Lx RomuJiana. UapcKI1 MayJonejH 11 KOHCeKpaTHBHW cnoMeHMU.H Ha llOKamneTy Marypa (Kapayna), PuMCKU 4apcKu ipagoBu u Liallailie (npHpe)J.HO n. CpejOBHn), EeorpaJJ. 1993,
148- 163.
Vasic C. 1993 B C. Vasic, Felix Romuliana. The Imperial Mausolea and Consecration Memorials on the Site Magura (Karaula), Roman Imperial Towns and Palaces in Serbia (ed. D. Srejovic), Belgrade 1993, 148-163.
Bacwn 'I. 1993 C
LJ. Bac11h, Felix Romuliana. faJtCpHjeBa ua;JaTa y f aM3Hrpa.ny, Felix Romuliana. fanep11jcB H)l.eonowKH TCCTaMenT, P11MCKU tjapcKu ipagoBu u fiallaaie (npHpC.UHO ,U. CpejoBHii), Beorpa.u 1993, 118-147.
Vasic C. 1993 D C. Vasic, Felix Romuliana. Galcrius' Palace at Gamzigrad, Roman imperial Towns and Palaces in Serbia (ed. D. Srejovic), Belgrade 1993, 118-147.
Bacwn \f. 1993 E LJ. 13acHn, Kannor, PuMcKu 4apcKu ipagoBu u liaJJatT.ie (npHpeJJ.WO .U. Cpejou11 1l), Eeorpa).l, 1993, 189.
Vasic C. 1993 F
C. Vasic, Catalogue, Roman imperial Towns and Palaces in Serbia (ed. D. Srejovic), Belgrade 1993, 189.
233
Vasic C.1995 C. Vasic, Chronological Relations of Palace and Fortification System of Gamzigrad, The Age ofTetrarchs (ed. D. Srejovic), Belgrade 1995, 315-323.
Vasic c. 1997
C. Vasic, Odbrambeni sistemi Gamzigrada, pyKonHc JJ.OKTopci<e Te3e, cDHno3ocpcKH cpaT<YJITeT, EeorpaJJ. 1997.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Vasic M. 1997 M. Vasic, Late Roman Bricks with Stamps from the Fort Transdobeta, Melanges d'histoire et d'epigraphie offerts a Panula Papazoglu, Beograd 1997, 149- 177.
Vasic M. 2006 M. Vasic, Stibadium in Romuliana and Mediana, Felix Ronwliana. 50 Years of Archaeological Excavations. Papers fro nl the Intemational Conference. Zajeear, 27'1'-29111 October 2003 (Ed . M. Vasic) , Beograd 2006, 69- 75.
Vasic M. 2007 M. Vasic, Felix Romuliana (Gamzigrad) - Palast und Gedenkmonument des Kaisers Galerius, Roms Erbe auf dem Balkan. Spiitantike Kaiservillen und Staritanlagen in Serbien (Hrsg. U. Brand!, M. Vasic), ;\1ainz 2007, 33-58.
Bacilli M. 2008 A M. Baorft, 3llafi1HII 11 cpe6p1111 HOBat~ Kawe aH fUIIKe (284-450. iogwre) u3 3DupKe HapogHol M)'Jeja y 6eolpagy, 6eorpaD, 2008.
Vasic M. 2008 B M. Vasic, Gold and Siil,er Coins of Late Antiquity (284-407 AD) in the Collection of Na tional Museu111 in Belgrade, Belgrade 2008.
Vasic M. 2009 !vi. Vasic, Findings of Coins from Romuliana, Unearthed in 2005 and 2006, Outside the Fortified Palace (Pe3HMe: Hana3H HOBU,a 113 POM)'JJMjaHe HCKonaHt1 2005. H 2006. rOiJ.I~He H3BaH pspljeHe nanaTe), Starinar LVII I (2007), Beograd 2009,309-314.
Bacilli P. 1997 P. Baofft , CTap11je rB03.il,eHO ,n.o5a 11a IIOAPY'tjy HCTO'!He Cp5Hje (Summary: Ea rly Iron Age in the Eastern Serbia), Apxeolloluja uciuO'IHe Cp6uje I Archaeology of Eastern Serbia (ypeAHHK M. Jla3Hil ), Eeorpa.11. 1997,91- 100.
BYJHH] III 1966 BuJaHfliujCKu t13Bopu 3a ucmopujy Hapoga fyioowouje Ill (ype.ll,H11 U, I1 r. OCTporopcKI! , <D. 6apHwHh), 6eorpa)J,, 1996.
Vitruvius, Marcus Polio 1990 Marcus Vitruvius Poll io, Deset knjiga o arl1 itekturi (prevod M. Lopac), Sarajevo 1990.
BfKC3H 1997 M. ByKcaH, CpeD,JbOBeKOBII I1 J-laJJa311 113 Jla3apese neft111-1e y 3noTy (Summary: Medieval Finds from the Lazareva Cave at Zlot), ApxeollOLUKa ucfUpQ)J(uBmva 11cilio'-1He Cp6uje I Arhaeology of Eastern Serbia (ypeAHHK M. Jla311h), 13e01'paD, 1997, 293- 30 1.
Ward-Perkins 1958 J. B. Ward-Perki ns, Notes on the Structure and Building Methods of Early Byzantine Archi tecture, D. Tal bot Rice, The Great Palace of the Byzantine Emperor, Edinbu rgh 1958, 52- 104.
Ward-Perkins 1974 ). B. Ward-Perkins, Architettllrn Rornana, Torino 1974.
Waywell 1979 E. Waywell , Roman .Mosaics in Greece, A111erican journal of Archaeology 8313, Pri nceton, New Jersey 1979, 293-32 1.
Wulf-Rheidt 2007 U. Wulf- Rheidt, Residenticn in Rom oder in der Provinz? Der Kaiserpalast Felix Romuliana im Spiegel der tetrarchischen Residenzbaukunst, in: R.oms Erbe auf dem Balkan. Spii tantike Kaiservillen und Stadtanlagen in Serbien (Hrsg. U. Brand!, M . Vasic), Mainz 2007,59-79.
Yegiill992 F. Yegul, Baths and Bathing in Classical Antiq11ity,
cw York, Cambridge, Ma ssachusetts 1992, 43.
Zeravica 1975 Z. Zeravica, GlasgegensUinde der Lokali tat Popovica (Ostserbien) a us de m XJ-XJ I )ahrhundert, Cpeg11.JeaeKoa1to ciliaKllO 11a Ea11 Ka11y (V-XV oeK), 6eorpaA 1975, 53-62.
)1( 1-u mn 1997
M. :>Kt,lBHft, ripcre t-he H3 cpelllbOBei<OBHe 35 Hp Ke 1-1aK11Ta Hapoll!-IOr My3eja y 3ajectapy (Summary: Rings from Medieval Collection of the National Museum at Zajeca r), ApxeoJloruKa ucr:UpaJICttBalba 11cr:UO't He Cp6uje I Archaeology of Eastern Serbia (ypenHHt< M. Jla3Hn), 13eo rpaA 1997, 329-338 .
>K 11BlW 2003 M. }I{HB Hft , Felix Ronruliana. 50 iogw-tn og/01-rellim·ua I M. Zivic, Felix Ro111 uliana. 50 Years of Solving, 6eorpan I Belgrade 2003.
Zivic 2005 M. Zivic, Catalogo, Corrstantino il Gmnde, La civiltc'i antica a/ bivio 1 rn Occidente e Oriente, M ilano 2005, 2041205, 260, 26 1, 300, cat. 2, 89, 90, 151.
Zivic 2007 M. Zivic, Bcgleit - CD zum Katalog, lmperator Caesar Flavius Constantinus. Korrstantin der Grofie (Augsstellungskatalog, Landesausstellung Trier 2007), Mainz 2007, Kat. I. 4. J 2; I. 5. 1 J;
I. 5, l 2; I. 5. 13; IV. I . 47.
234
The book was published with a support of the Ministry
of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia (project numbers 177007, 177032, 147034, 14704 1),
Ministry of Culture, Media and Information Society of the Republic of Serbia and Ministry of Religions
and Diaspora of the Republic of Serbia
Serbian edition of this book has received at the
55th International Book Fair in Belgrade (October 2010)
the plaque of the Ministry of Science and Technological
Development for special contribution in the scientific-research
work in the field of humanities.
C IP - KaTa/IOrM3auwja y ny6m1Kauwjw Hapo.:~Ha 5u5nwoTeKa Cp5wje, £eo rpa.u
904 "652"( 497.1 1 )(082)
FELl X Romuliana - Garnzigrad I authors Ivana Popovic ... [i dr. ] ; urednik Ivana Popovic; I translation Mirjana Vukmanovic ; pho tographs Nebojsa Boric, Vladim ir Popovic, Br anislav Strugar ; site plans Aleksandar Kapuran; drawings :'v1 ilovan Ristic, Aleksandar Kapuran ]. - Belgr ade : Institute of Archaeology : l~aculty of O rthodox Theology Un iversity, Institu te for Theological Research ; Zajccar : Diocese of Timok, 20 11 (Beograd :
Glasnik) . - 234 str. : ilustr. ; 29 cm
Tekst stampan dvostubacno. - Ti raz 600. - St r. 7-9: Foreword I lvana PopoviC. - 1'\apomene i bibliografske reference uz tekst. - Bibliografija: st r. 221 - 234 .
ISBN 978-86-80093-73-4 (IA)
ISBN 978-86-7405-102-3 (ITR)
I. Popovic, lvana, 1955- layrop] lypenHw K] [ayTop JJ.OII.antor TeKcral a) Apxeo/IOlUKa H3/133H lUT3, ptH1CKa - ra~13Hrpan- 35opHHl.\11
b) Apxeo/lotuKw Ha/la3w, p11MCKH- f aM311rpa.'l - 35optutuw c) PO.\i}'IIHjaHa- 35opHHttH COBISS.SR-ID 186547724
ISBN 978-86-7405- 102-3 ( ITR)