x Sampa (Wiki)

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10/07/13 X-SAMPA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA 1/11

X-SAMPAFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA

developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. It is designed to unify

the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in the

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The result is a SAMPA-inspired remapping of the IPA into 7-bit ASCII.

SAMPA was devised as a hack to work around the inability of text encodings to represent IPA symbols. Later,

as Unicode support for IPA symbols became more widespread, the necessity for a separate, computer-

readable system for representing the IPA in ASCII decreased. On the other hand, X-SAMPA is still useful as

the basis for an input method for true IPA.

Contents

1 Summary

1.1 Notes

1.2 Lower case symbols

1.3 Capital symbols

1.4 Other symbols

1.5 Diacritics

2 Charts

2.1 Consonants

2.2 Vowels

3 See also4 References

5 External links

Summary

Notes

The IPA symbols that are ordinary lower-case letters have the same value in X-SAMPA as they do in

the IPA.

X-SAMPA uses backslashes as modifying suffixes to create new symbols. For example O is a distinct

sound from O\, to which it bears no relation. Such use of the backslash character can be a problem, since

many programs interpret it as an escape character for the character following it. For example, you cannot

use such X-SAMPA symbols in EMU (http://emu.sourceforge.net/), therefore you need to replace

backslash with some other symbol (e.g. an asterisk: '*') when adding phonemic transcription to an EMU

speech database.

X-SAMPA diacritics follow the symbols they modify. Except for~ for nasalization, = for syllabicity, and

` for retroflexion and rhotacization, diacritics are joined to the character with the underscore character_.The underscore character is also used to encode the IPA tiebar.

The numbers _1 to _6 are reserved diacritics as shorthand for language-specific tone numbers.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasalizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabic_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_characterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Vowelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Consonantshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Chartshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Capital_symbolshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Lower_case_symbolshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Noteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Summaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-colored_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflexionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabic_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasalizationhttp://emu.sourceforge.net/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_characterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Vowelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Consonantshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Chartshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Diacriticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Other_symbolshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Capital_symbolshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Lower_case_symbolshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Noteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA#Summaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_methodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_encodinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hack_(technology_slang)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Londonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Wellshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAMPA


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Lower case symbols

X-

SAMPAIPA

IPA

imageDescription Examples

a aopen front unrounded

vowelFrench dame [dam], Spanish padre ["paD4e]

b b voiced bilabial plosive English bed [bEd], French bon [bO~]

b_< voiced bilabial

implosiveSindhiar [b_


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p p voiceless bilabialplosive

English speak [spik], French pose [poz], Spanish

perro ["per:o]

p\ voiceless bilabial

fricativeJapanese fuku [p\M_0kM]

q q voiceless uvular plosive Arabic qasbah ["qQs_Gba]

r

ralveolar trill Spanish perro ["per:o]

r` retroflex flap

r\ alveolar approximant English red [r\Ed]

r\` retroflex approximant Malayalam ["v6r\`i]

s svoiceless alveolar

fricativeEnglish seem [si:m], French sess ion [se"sjO~]

s` voiceless retroflex

fricativeSwedish mars [mas`]

s\ voiceless alveolo-

palatal fricativePolish wierszcz [s\v'erStS]

t tvoiceless alveolar

plosive

English stew [stju:], French rat [Ra"te],

Spanish tuyo ["tujo]

t` voiceless retroflex

plosiveSwedish mrt [m2t`]

u uclose back rounded

vowel

English boom [bu:m], Spanish su [su]

v vvoiced labiodental

fricativeEnglish vest [vEst], French voix [vwa]

v\ (orP) labiodental approximant Dutch west [v\Est]/[PEst]

w w labial-velar approximant English west [wEst], French oui [wi]

x x voiceless velar fricativeScots loch [lOx] or [5Ox]; German Buch, Dach;

Spanish caja, gestin

x\ voiceless palatal-velar

fricative Swedish sjal [x\A:l]

y yclose front rounded

vowelFrench tu [ty] German ber ["y:b6]

z z voiced alveolar fricative English zoo [zu:], French azote [a"zOt]

z` voiced retroflex fricative Mandarin Chinese rang [z`aN]

z\ voiced alveolo-palatal

fricativePolish rebak ["z\rEbak]

Capital symbols

X- IPA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-zslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-z%27.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-z.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-y.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palatal-velar_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-xslash2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-x.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial-velar_approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-w2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labiodental_approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Porvslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-v.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-u.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-t%27.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-t.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-sslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-s%27.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-s.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex_approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-rslash%27.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-rslash2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex_flaphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-r%27.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_trillhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-r.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-q.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-pslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-p.png


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])

L\ velar lateralapproximant

M close back

unrounded vowelKorean (eu)

M\ velar approximant Spanish fuego ["fweM\o]N velar nasal English thing [TIN]

N\ uvular nasal Japanese san [saN\]

O open-mid back

rounded vowelRP thought [TO:t], American English off [O:f]

O\ bilabial click

P (orv\) labiodental

approximant

Dutch west [PEst]/[v\Est], allophone of English

phoneme /r\/

Q open back

rounded vowel RP lot [lQt]

R voiced uvular

fricativeGerman rein [RaIn]

R\ uvular trill French roi [R\wa]

S

voiceless

postalveolar

fricative

English ship [SIp]

T voiceless dental

fricativeEnglish thin [TIn]

U near-close near-

back rounded

vowel

English foot [fUt]

U\ ornear-close central

rounded vowelEnglish euphoria [jU\"fO@r\i@]

V open-mid back

unrounded vowelRP English strut [str\Vt]

W voiceless labial-

velar fricativeScots when [WEn]

X voiceless uvular

fricativeKlallamsaqa [sXa?q_wa?]

X\ voiceless

pharyngeal

fricative

Arabic < >ha [X\A:]

Y near-close near-

front rounded

vowel

German hbsch [hYpS]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-L2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Y2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Xslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-x2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labial-velar_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-X.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-V.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_central_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Uslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-U2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-T2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-S2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvular_trillhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Rslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-R2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Q.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labiodental_approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Porvslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilabial_clickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Oslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-O2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvular_nasalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Nslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_nasalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-N2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Mslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-M.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_lateral_approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Lslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_lateral_approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-L2.png


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Z

voiced

postalveolar

fricative

English vision ["vIZ@n]

Other symbols

X-

SAMPAIPA

IPA

imageDescription Example

. . syllable break

" primary stress

% secondary stress

' (or_j) palatalized

:

long

:\ half longEstonian differentiates three vowel

lengths

- separatorPolish trzy [t-S1] vs. czy [tS1]

(affricate)

@ schwa English arena [@"r\i:n@]

@\ close-mid central unrounded vowel Paick [k@\_M4@\_M]

{ near-open front unrounded vowel English trap [tr\{p]

} close central rounded vowelSwedish sju [x\}:]; AuE/NZE boot

[b}:t]

1 close central unrounded vowelWelsh tu [t1], American English rose's

["r\oUz1z]

2 close-mid front rounded vowelDanish kbe ["k2:b@], French deux

[d2]

3 open-mid central unrounded vowelEnglish nurse [n3:s] (RP) or [n3`s]

(Gen.Am.)

3\ open-mid central rounded vowel Irish tomhail[t3\:l']

4 alveolar flapSpanish pero ["pe4o], American

English better ["bE4@`]

5 velarized alveolar lateral

approximant; also see _e

English milk [mI5k], Portuguese livro

["5iv4u]

6 near-open central vowelGerman besser ["bEs6], Australian

English mud [m6d]

7 close-mid back unrounded vowelEstonian kik [k7ik], Vietnamese m

[m7_M]

8 close-mid central rounded vowel Swedish buss [b8s]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-8.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-7.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_central_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-6.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-l_eor5.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_flaphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-4.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_central_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-3slash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-3.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-1.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-rightcurly.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-leftcurly.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-atslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-at.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_lengthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-colonslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-colon.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-%27or_j.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_stresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-percentage.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_stresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-doublequotes.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-fullstop.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-Z2.png


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9 open-mid front rounded vowel French neuf [n9f], Danish drmme[dR9m@]

& open front rounded vowel Swedish sk rd [x\&d`]

? glottal stopDanish std [sd2?], Cockney English

bottle ["bQ?l]

?\

voiced pharyngeal fricative Arabic (`ayn) [?\Ajn]

* undefined escape character,

SAMPA's "conjunctor"

/ indeterminacy in French vowels

< begin nonsegmental notation (e.g.,

SAMPROSA)

end nonsegmental notation

>\ epiglottal plosive

^ upstep

! downstep

!\ postalveolar click

| | minor (foot) group

|\ dental click

|| major (intonation) group

|\|\ alveolar lateral click

=\ palatal click

-\ linking mark

Diacritics

X-

SAMPAIPA

IPA

imageDescription

_" centralized

_+ advanced

_- retracted

_/ rising tone

_0 voiceless_< implosive (IPA uses separate symbols for implosives)

= (or_=) syllabic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-equalsor_equals.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implosive_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_0.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_slash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retracted_(phonetics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_minus.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_(phonetics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_plus.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralization_(phonetics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_doublequotes.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaison_(linguistics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-dashslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_clickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-equalsslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_clickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-doublebarslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-doublebar.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_clickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-barslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-bar.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postalveolar_clickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-exclamationslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downstep_(phonetics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-exclamation.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstep_(phonetics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-hat.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiglottal_plosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-greaterthanslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-lessthanslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SAMPROSA&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-qmarkslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottal_stophttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-questionmark.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-amper.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-9.png


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_> ejective

_?\ pharyngealized

_\ falling tone

_^ non-syllabic

_}

no audible release

` rhotacization in vowels, retroflexion in consonants (IPA uses separate

symbols for consonants, see t` for an example)

~ (or_~) nasalization

_A advanced tongue root

_a apical

_B extra low tone

_B_L low rising tone

_c less rounded

_d dental

_e velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5

global fall

_F falling tone

_G velarized

_H high tone

_H_T high rising tone

_h aspirated

_j (or') palatalized

_k creaky voice

_L low tone

_l lateral release

_M mid tone

_m laminal

_N linguolabial

_n nasal release

_O more rounded

_o lowered

_q retracted tongue root
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retracted_tongue_roothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_articulation#Raised_and_loweredhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_o.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundednesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa_O.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_releasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_n2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguolabial_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_N.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminal_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_m.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_M.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_release_(phonetics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_l.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_L.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creaky_voicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_k.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-%27or_j.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_h.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_H_T.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_H.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_G.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_F.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-ltFgt.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_e.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_d.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_c.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_B_L.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_B.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apical_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_a2.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_tongue_roothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_A.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasalizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-tildor_tild.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-colored_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-%27rhino.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_audible_releasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_rightcurly.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_hat.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngealisationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_questionslash.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejective_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xsampa-_greaterthan.png


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_

global rise

_R rising tone

_R_F rising falling tone

_r raised

_T extra high tone

_t breathy voice

_v voiced

_w labialized

_X extra-short

_x

mid-centralized

Charts

Consonants

Consonants (pulmonic)

Place of articulation

Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical (none)

Manner of

articulation Bilabial

Labio

dental Dental Alveolar

Post

alveolar

Retro

flex Palatal Velar Uvular

Pharyn

geal

Epi

glottal Glottal

Nasal m F n n` J N N\

Plosive p bp_d

b_dt d t` d` c J\ k g q G\ >\ ?

Fricative p\ B f v T D s z S Z s` z` C j\ x G XR

X\?\

H\


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Coarticulated

W Voiceless labialized velar approximant

w Voiced labialized velar approximant

H Voiced labialized palatal approximant

s\ Voiceless palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative

z\ Voiced palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative

x\ Voiceless "palatal-velar" fricative

Affricates and double articulation

ts voiceless alveolar affricate

dz voiced alveolar affricate

tS voiceless postalveolar affricate

dZ voiced postalveolar affricate

ts\ voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate

dz\ voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

tK voiceless alveolar lateral affricate

kp voiceless labial-velar plosive

gb voiced labial-velar plosive

Nm labial-velar nasal stop

Consonants (non-pulmonic)

Clicks Implosives Ejectives

O\ Bilabial b_< Bilabial _> For example:

|\ Laminal alveolar ("dental") d_< Alveolar p_> Bilabial

\ Apical (post-) alveolar ("retroflex") J\_< Palatal t_> Alveolar

=\ Laminal postalveolar ("palatal") g_< Velar k_> Velar

|\|\ Lateral coronal ("lateral") G\_< Uvular s_> Alveolar fricative

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back

Close

Nearclose

Closemid

Mid

Openmid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-back_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-front_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_uvular_implosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_clickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_ejectivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_clickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_ejectivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postalveolar_clickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilabial_ejectivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_clickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilabial_clickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejective_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implosive_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click_consonanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial-velar_nasalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labial-velar_plosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labial-velar_plosivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palatal-velar_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial-palatal_approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial-velar_approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labio-velar_approximant


11/11


Nearopen

Open

See also

CXS, an unofficial, extended version of X-SAMPA used for language construction

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

International Phonetic Alphabet for English

Kirshenbaum and WorldBet, similar systems.

List of phonetics topics

SAMPA, a language-specific predecessor of X-SAMPA.

SAMPA chart for English

WorldBet

References

External links

Computer-coding the IPA: A proposed extension of SAMPA

(http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/x-sampa.htm)

Translate English texts into IPA phonetics with PhoTransEdit. (http://www.photransedit.com) This free

software tool allows to export transcriptions to X-SAMPA.

Online converter between IPA and X-Sampa (http://www.theiling.de/ipa/)

Web-based translator for X-SAMPA documents. (http://www.let.rug.nl/~kleiweg/xsampa/) ProducesUnicode text, XML text, PostScript, PDF, or LaTeX TIPA.

Z-SAMPA (http://www.kneequickie.com/kq/Z-SAMPA), an extension of X-SAMPA sometimes used

for conlangs

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&oldid=559308869"

Categories: SAMPA

This page was last modified on 10 June 2013 at 23:37.

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Documents

x Sampa (Wiki)