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X10 PLC(c) 2013 R. NewmanUniversity of Florida
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What is X10Narrowband PLC for home automation
(domotics)International and open industry standard13 manufacturers
(including GE, Panasonic)Developed in 1975 by Pico Electronics
(Scotland)First products shipped in 1978First general domotics
technology, most widely availableModules addressed with house and
unit codesComprisesPHY modulation, coupling, etc.DL frame formatAL
command language
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X10 PHYTransmissions immediately after zero crossings (within
200 usec)Less noise at zero crossingsLine cycle provides
synchronization120 KHz carrier sent as burst (1 msec)Repeated at
1/3 and 2/3 half line cycle for 3-phase systems (to be at zero
crossing for all)One bit per zero crossingData bits repeated in
inverted form in next half line cycle (like biphase encoding)
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X10 PHY1 msec burst repeated 3 times in half line cycle
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X10 symbol codingASK modulated biphase encoding1 is sent as a
burst at zero crossing, followed by absence of burst at next zero
crossing0 is sent as absence of burst at zero crossing, followed by
burst at next zero crossingRx acceptance window begins 250 usec and
ends 900 usec after zero crossing>= 48 cycles of 120 KHz = 1,
else 0Bits sent as ASK NRZ-mark during start code (like
preamble)
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X10 Code TransmissionComplete transmission block takes 11 line
cycles
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X 10 Transmission BlockStart code bits not repeatedMakes unique,
non-data codeAll other bits repeated in inverted form
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X10 Transmission BlocksStart Code 1110 starts every TB (2
LC)House code is 4 bits (4 LC)Number code or function code is 5
bits (5 line cycles)Complete transmission block repeated twice with
3 line cycle idle gap betweenFor reliability copy codeDimmer
commands (bright and dim) are exceptions sent continuously with no
gap
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X10 Codes4-bit House Code to identify devices in same home
(actually, identifies a set of devices regardless of where they
are)For usability, lettered A-P5-bit Key Code Number code sent when
number button is pressed D16 = 0Function code sent when function
button is pressed D16 = 1
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X10 CodesNumber codes used to address modulesOnce addressed, a
module responds to all command codesBecome unaddressed when next
address message is received, or when all units off command
receivedCodes used toTurn lights on/off, dim/brightenOpen/close
shuttersRead meters/status
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Notes on CodesHailUsed to poll for devices with same house code
in range If receive Hail ACK, installer knows to use a different
channelExtended data codeUsed for transmission of digitized analog
dataSent in 8-bit bytesFirst byte may be length fieldNo gaps
between bytes (so no confusion)
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Extended Code Access ProtocolExtended codes can take significant
timeNeed to avoid collisions, detect and resolve them if they do
occurNo priority levelsListen for idle mediumWait random time of 8,
9, or 10 half cyclesRestart timer if detect a 1Detect
collisionsWhen transmitting, listen during 0s for 1If 1 detected,
abort and restart access
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X10
Referenceshttp://www.smarthomeusa.com/info/x10theory/http://software.x10.com/pub/manuals/xtdcode.pdfhttp://www.homecontrols.com/FAQ_Libraryhttp://www.x10.com/automation/automation_modules.html
