ËxHSKBP3y546198zv*:+:!:+:! - Alton · PDF fileGrade 4, Lesson 2 Robust Vocabulary Robust Vocabulary 1. legendary Someone legendary is especially famous for something he or she did

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4

Grade 4

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ReadingTransparencies

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Grade 4, Lesson 1

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Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR1

Be a friend. You don’t need money;

Just a disposition sunny;

Just the wish to help another

Get along some way or other;

Just a kindly hand extended

Out to one who’s unbefriended;

Just the will to give or lend,

This will make you someone’s friend.

from “Be a Friend” by Edgar Guest

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Grade 4, Lesson 1

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What are the different parts of a story?

• The characters are the people in a story. The main character is the person the story is mostly about.

• The setting is where and when a story takes place. The setting may change as the story unfolds.

• Plot events are the things that happen in a story. Often the plot involves a problem the main character must solve.

Story Structure

Story StructureR2

Setting Characters

Plot Events•

•

•

Story Map


Grade 4, Lesson 1

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It was the morning of Bella’s first day at her new school. “I don’t like meeting new people,” Bella grumbled at breakfast. “It’s so hard to do! Everyone else will have friends already, and I don’t know anyone.” She slumped over her bowl of cereal.

“Hurry up, Bella,” her mother called. “It’s time for you to catch the bus!” With a sigh, Bella got up, grabbed her bag, and headed out the door.

On the bus, Bella found a seat next to a window. As the bus started moving, she heard someone shouting, “Wait for me!” A girl with long red hair was running on the sidewalk. She waved frantically at the bus. No one except Bella seemed to notice.

“Please stop! Someone needs to get on!” Bella called to the driver. The bus screeched to a stop, and the girl climbed aboard. She plopped into the seat next to Bella and grinned. “Thanks for getting the bus to stop. You saved my day,” she said. “My name is Magda. What’s yours?”

Setting Characters

Plot Events•

•

•

Story Map

Use Story Structure

R3 Use Story Structure


Grade 4, Lesson 1

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R4 Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. pact A pact is an agreement between people or countries in which they promise to do certain things.

2. queasy If you feel queasy, you have a sick feeling in your stomach.

3. foisted If something is foisted on you, it is given to you whether you want it or not.

4. venture A new venture is a project that is exciting and even risky.

5. annoyed To be annoyed means to be somewhat angry about something.

6. depriving If someone is depriving you of something, the person is keeping you from having it.


Grade 4, Lesson 1

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Synonyms and Antonyms

Synonyms and AntonymsR5

• A synonym is a word that means almost the same thing as another word.

• An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word.• You can sometimes use synonyms or antonyms to help you figure

out the meaning of a new word.

Synonyms for hot Antonyms for hot

swelteringsizzling

scorching

coldfreezing

frigid

SYNONYM CLUE: We ordered a large pizza.I didn’t think we could eat the colossal pie.

ANTONYM CLUE: “This puzzle is boring,” Bolivia said.“Let’s find something engaging to do instead.”


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Grade 4, Lesson 2

Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR6

Gertrude Ederle (ed´ r•le) grew up on liverwurst and pickles from the delicatessen her German immigrant parents owned next to their house. The girl they called Trudy made her own clothes and sewed for the younger sisters in her large family. Summers were spent at a cottage in New Jersey, where Ederle’s father taught her to swim at age eight. A few years later she joined the Women’s Swimming Association on Manhattan’s lower East Side. When a fellow swimmer mocked the way Ederle was attempting to learn a new stroke, she responded by making up her mind to not only beat that girl, but to become a champion.

from “Gertrude Ederle” by Kathleen Krull

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Grade 4, Lesson 2 R7 Use Story Structure

Use Story Structure

Dottie Wiltse was born near Los Angeles, California, in 1923. Her father was a semi-professional baseball player. He taught her to play ball when she was little. By the age of 9, Dottie was a powerhouse pitcher. In the 1930s in California, girls were not allowed to play on school softball teams. So Dottie joined a boys’ team in her neighborhood.

When Dottie was 12, she became the bat girl for a fast-pitch men’s softball team in Beverly Hills. She dreamed of pitching for them, but weeks went by and she did not get the chance. Then, during the Southern California Championship, Dottie’s luck changed. Her team’s regular pitcher got tired early in the game. The team manager sent Dottie to the mound. That day Dottie pitched in front of 10,000 fans at Wrigley Field. Her team won the championship, and Dottie’s career as a professional baseball player began.

Characters Setting

Plot Events•

•

•

Story Map


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Grade 4, Lesson 2 Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. legendary Someone legendary is especially famous for something he or she did a long time ago.

2. muttered If you muttered, you said something very quietly because you did not want to be heard.

3. gaped If you gaped at something, you stared open-mouthed in surprise.

4. flinched If a person flinched, he or she quickly moved away from something dangerous or painful.

5. snickering Snickering at someone is like laughing quietly at them because they did something silly.

6. glared If you glared at someone, you stared at them in an angry way.

7. stunned When someone is stunned by something amazing, he or she is shocked and sometimes even speechless.

8. fluke A fluke is something unusual that happens by accident.

R8


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Grade 4, Lesson 3

Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR9

In Tokyo the beginning of the summer is celebrated by the release of hundreds of fireflies that have been raised especially for this occassion. Also called lightning bugs, these insects are really beetles. Have you ever caught fireflies? They’re easy to trap in cupped hands. Don’t worry—they won’t bite. Put six or more in a clear plastic or glass jar with a lid that is punched full of tiny holes. Then settle down in the dark to watch them. The fireflies produce a cool light through a special chemical reaction in their bodies.

from “Living Night Lights” by Sandra Markle


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Answer Questions

There are four kinds of question-answer relationships.

IN THE TEXTRIGHT THERE The answer is easy to find in the text.

THINK AND SEARCH Combine information from two or more parts of the text to answer the question.

IN YOUR HEADAUTHOR AND YOU Draw conclusions by thinking about what you

already know and what the author tells you.

ON MY OWN Use what you know and your own experiences to answer the question.

I thought living in New York City would be awful. I imagined hot, humid days and sidewalks jammed with people. Sure, some days are hot and humid, but our apartment is near Central Park. The park is like a huge, cool, green gateway. I go there every day.

1. Where does the author live? (RIGHT THERE)

2. How did the author’s opinion of New York City change? (THINK AND SEARCH)

3. How does the author feel about Central Park? (AUTHOR AND YOU)

4. What do you think the author does in Central Park? (ON MY OWN)

R10 Answer QuestionsGrade 4, Lesson 3

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Robust Vocabulary

1. surrender When you surrender, you stop fighting something or someone.

2. particular Something that is particular is one specific thing of its kind.

3. sparkling Something that is sparkling is shining, clear, and bright.

4. clusters Clusters are small groups of people or things that are close together.

5. sizzles If something sizzles, it is very hot and makes a hissing sound.

6. stroll To stroll is to walk in a slow, relaxed way.

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Grade 4, Lesson 3 R12 Make Judgments

Make Judgments

June 10

Well, summer is finally here. I don’t know why people make such a big deal out of summer vacation. To me, it’s a big bore. For one thing, everyone I know is gone. Josh and Jerome are at scout camp. Mario is spending a month at his cousin’s house in Florida. Even my little sister is away! I’m stuck here in the smoggy city. There’s absolutely nothing to do around here.

André keeps calling me on the phone. He wants me to sign up for swimming lessons with him. How boring is that? Jarell and Matt joined a summer softball league. They say there is still room for more members. Well, I have better things to do than run around a dusty field all day.

Today Mitchell invited me to go to a free computer animation class, but who wants to learn stuff on summer vacation? I told him it would be just like school.

I sure hope things get more interesting around here!


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Grade 4, Lesson 4

Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR13

When your Dad and I first came to the United States, I was very lonely. Dad was in medical school and I was going to college. But I had never lived away from my family before. I was used to having my four sisters and brother, my parents, my grandparents, uncles, and aunties around everywhere. In Taiwan, we used to all eat dinner together, laughing and talking—everyone bubbling over like simmering soup. When I came to the United States, everything seemed quiet and cold. Usually, I ate dinner all by myself, because Dad was too busy. I would shiver on my way to school, the wind biting me the whole way. People would talk and laugh and walk by me as if I were an invisible ghost. I was scared to talk to them because my English was so bad. I didn’t understand the TV or my teachers or anyone. They all spoke so fast, their words sounded like monkeys jabbering. I didn’t know how to make friends with any of them. I was sad and lonely and homesick. I felt like a thistle in a rose garden.

from “Mom’s First Friend” by Grace Lin


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Grade 4, Lesson 4 R14 Answer Questions

Answer Questions

My name is Li Keng. I grew up in a small village in China. Most of the people in my village were poor farmers. We worked hard to plant and harvest rice. There were no other jobs in the village. My father went to America in search of work. He sent us money every month, and this helped my family survive. Every two years, Papa came back to visit us.

Papa did well in America, but for us life became harder and harder. One year the crop was very bad. Many people in our village went hungry. When Papa came to visit us, he was saddened by what he saw. That was the year Papa decided we would all go to America with him.

We traveled on a big ship across the Pacific Ocean. The trip took 21 days. When we got to San Francisco Bay, a small ferry took us to Angel Island. I will always remember standing on the deck of the tender. I thought, “One journey is over, and another journey has begun.”

1. How often did Papa come back to China to visit his family?(hint: RIGHT THERE)

2. Why did Papa decide to move the family to America?(hint: THINK AND SEARCH)

3. Why does the author say, “One journey is over, and another journey has begun”? (hint: AUTHOR AND YOU)


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Robust Vocabulary

1. averted If you averted your eyes, you looked away from something instead of directly at it.

2. fury Fury is extremely strong anger.

3. interrogation An interrogation is a long period of intense questioning to get information from someone.

4. stern Someone who is stern is very serious and strict.

5. accusing When you look at someone in an accusing way, you are showing that you think he or she has done something wrong.

6. solemnly When you say something solemnly, you say it in a very serious way.

7. cringed If you cringed, you moved or flinched slightly because of discomfort or fear.

8. craned If you craned your neck, you stretched it to let you see or hear something better.

R15


Grade 4, Lesson 5

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R16 Fluency

Model Oral Fluency

A violinist does not make his own violin, but a puppeteer often does make his or her own puppets. It is early fall now, and the leaves have started to turn colors outside the window by Paul’s worktable. In front of him is a glass jar filled with small balls of modeling clay. He takes one and presses it onto a larger ball of clay. He has been doing this for almost twenty minutes. To his left is a piece of paper with a rough sketch of a face.

from “Making the Puppets” by Kathryn Lasky


Grade 4, Lesson 5

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Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. culinary Culinary skills or tools are related to cooking.

2. downcast Someone who is downcast is feeling sad and has no hope.

3. consternation Someone who feels consternation is upset or worried about what is happening.

4. vivid Something that is vivid has very bright colors.

5. extensive Something extensive includes a large amount of things.

6. serenely If something is done serenely, it is done in a calm and quiet way.

7. reminiscent If something is reminiscent of something else, it brings back memories of that other time or place.

8. pensive Someone who is pensive is thinking deeply about something.

9. recruit When you recruit someone, you get him or her to join a group for a special purpose.

10. commenced Something that has commenced has begun.

R17


Grade 4, Lesson 5

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R18 Vocabulary Passage

Vocabulary Passage

Felipe was downcast. His friend Diego had just moved away. To make things worse, Felipe’s mariachi band had a street festival coming up. Diego had been the best trumpet player in the band.

Felipe was filled with consternation. He called his friend Carlos, who played the guitarron, a large bass guitar. “We have enough guitar players and violin players,” he said. “Who can we recruit to play trumpet?”

“Don’t worry,” said Carlos serenely. “I have an extensive list of friends we can try.”

It turned out that none of those friends could play the trumpet.Felipe sat in his room looking pensive. Suddenly he heard the song

“Y Andele!” being played on the trumpet. The music was reminiscent of his early childhood in Mexico.

He opened the door. His little brother Francisco was playing right outside. “I know I’m only ten, but I practice a lot!” he said.

“You’ll have to learn fast if you want to be in our band!” said Felipe, smiling.

On the day of the festival, the street was filled with dancers in vivid outfits. There were booths full of culinary delights. Felipe and Francisco raised their instruments happily, and the band commenced to play.


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Grade 4, Lesson 6

Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR19

Students at Sunset Ridge Elementary School can look out the windows of their classroom and see a prairie. Rabbits scamper, bluebirds trill, and the grass is tall enough for a kid to get lost in. But Sunset Ridge, in Middleton, Wisconsin, is no one-room schoolhouse from a Laura Ingalls Wilder book. The students have pizza for lunch and do schoolwork on computers. So what’s a tallgrass prairie doing here?

“We’re trying to restore it,” says Nick, a student in Linda Hein’s fourth-grade class. All the students at Sunset Ridge, from the littlest kindergartner on up, are helping to return an acre of land in front of their school to the way it looked 150 years ago, when settlers in covered wagons saw the prairie for the first time.

from “Little School on the Prairie” from Ask magazine


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Grade 4, Lesson 6 R20 Monitor Comprehension: Reread

Monitor Comprehension: Reread

When you read something that confuses you or does not make sense, use the reread strategy:

• Pause for a moment.• Try to figure out exactly what confuses you and

form a question.• Keep your question in mind and reread to look for

information you may have missed or forgotten.

Example

Sarah and her younger brother, William, had finished their chores early. They went to explore the woods near their farm. As they were jumping over a fallen tree, William slipped and fell. “Ouch!” he cried. “My ankle! I think it’s broken!”

Sarah ran over to her brother and tried to feel the ankle, but each touch made him cry out. Sarah did not know what to do. Their parents had gone to town and might not be back until dark. She couldn’t leave her brother here in the woods, but he was too big to carry. Sarah knew she would have to get William back to the house, but how? She looked around. She found two small, sturdy sticks that were about five inches long. “Here, hold these,” she told her brother.

Use the reread strategy to find the answers to these questions:

Why are Sarah and William in the woods?

How did William hurt his ankle?


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Grade 4, Lesson 6

“What are you doing?” William asked, his eyes full of pain and worry.

“I’m making you a splint,” Sarah said. “It will protect your ankle until we find out if it’s broken or not.” She placed the sticks on either side of William’s ankle. “Hold these in place,” she said. Then she took the scarf out of her hair and wrapped it snugly around the two sticks to form a brace. “Okay, Willie, we’re going to try to make it home,” she said, trying not to let the worry show in her voice. “Lean on me.” She bent down so that William could place his arm around her shoulder. Grabbing her brother firmly around the waist, she said, “We’ll go slow, Willie. Tell me when you need a rest.”

Slowly the pair made their way home, William hopping on his one foot until he got tired, and then stopping to catch his breath. All along the way, Sarah tried to keep her brother’s spirits up. About an hour later, they reached the drive leading to their house. The wagon was by the house. “Ma and Pa are back!” Sarah cried.

Their father rushed outside and bent down to check William’s ankle. “It’s not broken,” he said, “just a sprain. That’s a very fine splint, Sarah. You did the right thing to wrap it up.”

How did Sarah make a splint for William’s ankle?


Monitor Comprehension: RereadR21


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Grade 4, Lesson 6

Robust Vocabulary

1. responsible If someone is responsible, that person can be trusted to do a job on their own.

2. darted An animal that darted moved suddenly and quickly in a particular direction.

3. jostling If the people in a crowd push or knock against you, they are jostling you.

4. swerved If a car swerved, it turned suddenly to avoid hitting something.

5. attentive If someone is attentive, that person is carefully listening to or watching something.

6. pounced A person or animal that pounced on something jumped on it eagerly in order to take it.

7. contradicting Contradicting someone is saying that what the person has said is wrong.

Robust VocabularyR22


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Grade 4, Lesson 6

Prefixes

pre-(“before”)

re-(“back” or “again”)

in-(“not”)

dis-(“not”)

Suffixes

-less(“without”)

-ful(“full of”)

-ness(“the state or

quality of being”)-ible, -able(“able to be”)

Roots (with Prefixes or Suffixes)

vis(“to see”)

aud(“to hear”)

dict(“to say”)

port(“to carry”)

visible audible predict portable

Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots

Prefixes, Suffixes, and RootsR23

• A root is the basic part of a word that gives the word its meaning. Some roots need other word parts to form a whole word.

• A root that can stand on its own is called a root word.

• A prefix is a word part that is added to the beginning of a root.

• A suffix is a word part that is added to the end of a root.


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Grade 4, Lesson 7 R24 Fluency

Model Oral Fluency

Bill Pickett was one of the most famous rodeo riders of all time. He was not just a performer, though. He was a real, working cowboy. Zack Miller, owner of the 101 Ranch, once called him “the greatest sweat-and-dirt cowboy that ever was.”

There was plenty of sweat and dirt in a cowboy’s life, especially at roundup time. For months the cattle roamed freely around the huge 101 Ranch. They grazed on wild shrubs and grasses and grew fat. In early spring, Bill and the other cowboys rode out to find them.

from “Bill Pickett” by Ruth Pelz


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Grade 4, Lesson 7



It was Sandy’s first week at the Double L. All year she had looked forward to visiting her aunt and cousins. Now that she was at the ranch, though, she was having second thoughts.

Her cousins, Andy and Laura, were practically experts on horseback. Each day she watched them canter easily around the corral on their horses. Sandy was terrified to trot, let alone gallop.

Next week the rodeo would take place in town. Sandy’s cousins had invited her to ride with them in the Paint Parade. How could she tell them that she didn’t feel confident enough to do that? The Double L was famous for raising the beautiful brown-and-white horses known as paints. Each year, a trio of paints from the Double L led the entire parade. Usually Aunt Clara rode with Andy and Laura, but this year the honor was Sandy’s . . . if she had the confidence to accept it.

Who are Andy and Laura?

The Paint Parade


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Robust Vocabulary

1. reluctant If someone is reluctant to do something, he or she does not want to do it.

2. rumpled Something is rumpled if it is wrinkled or messy.

3. surge If you feel a surge of a particular feeling, you feel it suddenly and very strongly.

4. inspecting Someone who is inspecting something is looking at it very carefully.

5. taut Something that is taut has been stretched or pulled very tightly.

6. untangled If you untangled something, you untied knots in it or straightened it if it was twisted.

7. resounded If a place resounded, then it became filled with sound.

8. lurked If something lurked somewhere, it waited there quietly hidden, usually before doing something bad.

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Grade 4, Lesson 8

Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR27

A computer is a machine that stores and then processes information. It is a bit like the human brain: It takes facts or data (the “input”), works on it very quickly using “hardware” and “software,” and produces information (the “output”) for us to use.

Computers as we now know them started life as much simpler machines many years ago. The development of computers began in 1832, when a British mathematician, Charles Babbage (1791–1871), designed the mechanical Analytical Engine. It was one of the first machines to use a “program” to work out calculations. In later years Babbage’s engine was the inspiration for modern electronic computers.

from “Inside a Computer” by Bobbi Searle


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Grade 4, Lesson 8

• To summarize while reading, you should pause from time to time to recall what you have read.

• Sum up the important points silently.

• Do not summarize information or details that are not important to understanding the text.

• Do not pause too long. You don’t want to lose track of what you are reading.

Summarizing while you read can help you understand and remember what you read.

Summarize

SummarizeR28


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Grade 4, Lesson 8 R29 Summarize

Summarize

Little Red Riding Hood, or Little Red for short, had plans to go on a picnic with her grandmother. She looked forward to the outing all week long. On Friday night, Little Red got an e-mail from her grandmother. Granny had a cold and would not be able to make the picnic.

Little Red said, “Oh, no!” Then she had an idea. She would buy two fat chickens, three white onions, and a giant carrot. Then she would take them to Granny’s house and make her a big pot of chicken soup!

Little Red’s mother approved the plan, so on Saturday morning she took Little Red to buy the groceries. Then she dropped her daughter at the bus stop. “Don’t talk to any strangers,” she said.

Paragraph 1Little Red Riding Hood was planning to go on a picnic with her grandmother.

Granny e-mailed to say that she had a cold and could not go.

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3


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Robust Vocabulary

1. slick If something is slick, it is presented in an attractive way.

2. nimble If someone is nimble, he or she moves quickly, lightly, and easily.

3. impressed To be impressed with someone means to admire that person.

4. cease If you cease to do something, you stop doing it.

5. exist When something exists, it is a real thing that is present in the world.

6. fierce A fierce person or animal is angry, violent, or ready to attack.

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Grade 4, Lesson 8 R31 Locate Information

Locate Information

Some Electronic Sources• library database — an organized collection of records about

all of the books and other resources in a library

• CD-ROM encyclopedia — the text of an encyclopedia that has been stored on a compact disc called a CD-ROM

• Online magazines and newspapers — magazines and newspapers that have been specially designed to be read on a computer that has an Internet connection

Using a Library Database

View Entire Collection Keyword

Search Catalog

Welcome to the Greenville Public Library!

Library Catalog

Or search by:

Author Title Subject Call Number

This menu gives you the choice of looking through the entire collection, or one part of it, such as books for children.

Press one of these links to search by author, subject, title, or call number.

Press this button after you type a keyword.

Type a keyword here.


Grade 4, Lesson 9

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Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR32

California native peoples have always been ingenious in their ability to make everything they needed from the materials around them.

Consider, for example, rocks and stones. To most people today, a rock or a stone is not very interesting or useful, but native people knew better. From hard stones like obsidian and flint they made knives and arrowheads. From soft stones like soapstone they carved bowls. From stones such as granite they made mortars and pestles with which to pound acorns, or weights that they could attach to fishing nets.

from “Native Ways” edited by Malcom Margolin and Yolanda Montijo

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Grade 4, Lesson 9

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Maria Martinez was a famous Native American pottery maker. She was born in San Ildefonso Pueblo in New Mexico in about 1887. Maria learned pottery making from her aunt, and she became very skilled. In 1908, some archaeologists visited Maria. They were exploring the remains of an ancient pueblo near San Ildefonso. The archaeologists wanted Maria to recreate some pots that were dug up at the site. Maria agreed. She and her husband Julian began to use some of the prehistoric pottery designs in their own work.

Maria and Julian devoted their lives to making pottery. They used some of the ancient Pueblo designs as well as some new designs. They became world famous for a beautiful black glaze they made from volcanic ash. They also taught their children and grandchildren how to make pottery.

Maria Martinez became one of the most respected potters in the world. She and her husband are credited with making the ancient tradition of pottery a part of modern-day Pueblo culture.

Summarize

SummarizeR33

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Grade 4, Lesson 9

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Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. unique Something is unique if it is the only one of its kind.

2. infest If insects or animals infest a place, they are there in large numbers and usually cause damage.

3. intervals Something that happens at regular intervals is repeated over and over with a certain amount of time in between.

4. delicate If something is done in a delicate way, it is done with great care so that nothing is broken or hurt.

5. flexible Something is flexible if it can bend or be bent easily.

6. bond A bond is a feeling or interest that unites two or more people or groups.

7. inspires If something inspires you, it makes you excited about doing something good.

8. preserve To preserve something is to keep it from being harmed or changed.

R34


Grade 4, Lesson 10

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Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR35

One warm September night, on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, soft sea breezes filled the air. The moon was full. Mira could feel the energy in the air. She felt something exciting was going to happen. She loved everything about the ocean, and this evening she had come down to the beach to enjoy the salty night air and hear the waves lapping gently against the sand.

Mira closed her eyes and listened to the waves. The gentle rolling sound was calming. Suddenly, Mira could hear another sound, too. She listened carefully. The sound was so faint she could barely hear it. She held her breath. The sound was still there.

from “Mira Sees the Light” by Leneh Trowbridge

3374_Trans_Read_Gr4_L10.indd R353374_Trans_Read_Gr4_L10.indd R35 11/14/06 10:16:58 AM11/14/06 10:16:58 AM

Grade 4, Lesson 10

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Robust Vocabulary

1. comprehend If you comprehend something, you understand it.

2. pliable Something that is pliable is easy to move or bend without breaking.

3. solitary To live in a solitary way is to be alone most of the time.

4. scan To scan a place is to look carefully over the entire area for something specific.

5. vulnerable A person or animal that is vulnerable is weak and unprotected and at risk of being harmed.

6. exuberant If someone is exuberant, he or she is full of excitement, energy, and happiness.

7. mature A mature person or animal is fully grown and behaves like an adult.

8. lumbers When a person or an animal lumbers, it moves in a slow and clumsy way.

9. encircle To encircle a place means surround it.

10. nurture If you nurture a living thing, you care for it while it is growing and developing.


Grade 4, Lesson 10

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Vocabulary Passage

My school is now home to one of Georgia’s most interesting and endangered plants. The pitcher plant is carnivorous, which means that when it grows into a mature plant, it eats bugs. An insect crawls or lumbers into one of the plant’s slippery, tube-shaped leaves. It is encircled by downward-pointing hairs on the leaf and cannot get out. Then the pitcher plant digests the unlucky insect.

It was hard for me to comprehend how such a hearty plant could be endangered. The problem is that the pitcher plants’ habitats are being destroyed. This makes them vulnerable to extinction.

Students in my class wanted to help. We decided to build our own pitcher plant bog! We were exuberant when we found out we would have the chance to nurture these interesting plants. Our teacher helped us scan the school grounds to find a good place for the bog. We dug a wide, shallow hole. We used pliable heavy plastic to line the bottom of it. Then we filled the hole with dirt and added water.

We sprouted the seeds indoors. At first we were worried that the seeds wouldn’t open. Then a solitary seedling sprouted. More followed. We transplanted the seedlings into our bog. I hope our pitcher plants grow up tall, strong, and hungry!


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Grade 4, Lesson 11

Model Oral Fluency

One day a scrawny jackal, driven by hunger, left his pack and crept toward a village in search of food. A fierce pack of dogs began to chase him as he approached the house of a cloth dyer. He dashed into the dyer’s house, stumbled over pots and piles of cloth, and tumbled into a huge vat of indigo dye. Heart pounding, the jackal waited until the dogs were gone. Then he crawled out of the vat and crept back to the jungle.

Throngs of animals gaped at his extraordinary color. Dyed by the juice of indigo, his fur was a deep blue-purple. “What is this exotic creature who has fallen out of the sky?” cried all the animals. “He is beautiful and strange!” They cowered in fear and awe.

Fluency

from “The Blue Jackal Who Showed His True Colors,” retold by Heather Forest

R38


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Grade 4, Lesson 11 R39 Use Graphic Organizers

Use Graphic Organizers

Graphic Organizers Text StructureSequence chart, Timeline Sequence/Chronological Order

First

Next

Then

Last

Cause-and-Effect diagram Cause and Effect

Cause Effect

Venn Diagram Compare and Contrast

Different DifferentBoth

Web Description


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Grade 4, Lesson 11

Late at night a jackrabbit munches on grass. It is alert as it eats because predators, hungry for a meal, might be nearby. Suddenly, the jackrabbit hears a low growl. It leaps away, followed closely by a wolf. After a few long jumps, the jackrabbit is far away and safe.

A jackrabbit does not always run away from danger. To protect its young, a jackrabbit will fight bravely. It can jump over an enemy, such as a snake. Then the jackrabbit kicks with its back legs. As a result, the snake leaves and looks somewhere else for dinner.

First paragraphClue word: because

Second paragraphClue words: As a result

CausePredators might be around.

EffectThe jackrabbit is alert as it eats.

CauseThe jackrabbit kicks the snake.

EffectThe snake looks somewhere else for dinner.


Use Graphic OrganizersR40


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Grade 4, Lesson 11

Robust Vocabulary

1. predators Predators are animals that kill and eat other animals.

2. traits Traits are particular qualities or characteristics of a person or thing.

3. lure If something lures you, it makes you want to go to it, even though it is dangerous or could get you in trouble.

4. avoid If you avoid a person or thing, you keep away from them.

5. mimic If you mimic a person or thing, you try to act or look exactly like that person or thing.

6. obvious If something is obvious, it is so easily seen or understood that no one has to explain it.

7. resembles If one person or thing resembles another, the two look similar to each other.

8. deceptive A deceptive person or thing tries to make you believe something that is not true.



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Grade 4, Lesson 11

Reference Sources

What It Is Why It Is UsedAlmanac: book of facts that is updated every year

Find specific facts/verify current facts

Atlas: book of maps Find a specific place

Dictionary: book of words and definitions; can also be online or on CD-ROM

Find word meanings and spellings

Encyclopedia: books of articles on a variety of topics arranged alphabetically; can also be online or on CD-ROM

Research a topic

Internet, Nonfiction Books, Magazines: information on specific topics

Research a topic

Thesaurus: book of synonyms and antonyms

Find synonyms and antonyms to make writing better

Reference SourcesR42


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Grade 4, Lesson 12

Model Oral Fluency

All my life, I have lived in the mountains. When I was too young to walk, I climbed them in my parents’ backpack. When I grew old enough, I climbed them on my own. There is a feeling of home you develop about mountains, a sense of being away from the confusion of the world. Quiet and beautiful, they carry a sense of peace seldom found anywhere else.

FluencyR43

from “‘Growing Up in the Mountains” by Daniel Byers


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Grade 4, Lesson 12 R44 Use Graphic Organizers


Graphic Organizers Text StructureSequence Chart, Timeline Sequence/Chronological Order

First

Next

Then

Last

Cause-and-Effect Diagram Cause and Effect

Cause Effect

Cause-Effect Chain

Cause Effect Effect

Venn Diagram Compare and Contrast

Different DifferentBoth

Web Description


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Grade 4, Lesson 12

Why do many high mountains have snowy peaks? Air cools as it rises, so the tops of mountains are much colder than the bases. Mountaintops are likely to be covered in snow and ice.

Snow and ice present challenges for mountain climbers. Therefore, climbers often wear spiked footwear. They also anchor themselves with ropes to the mountain slopes.

First paragraphClue word: so

Second paragraphClue word:

CauseAir cools as it rises.

EffectThe tops of mountains are much colder than the bases.


Use Graphic OrganizersR45

EffectThe tops of high mountains are likely to be covered in snow and ice.

Cause Effect Effect


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Grade 4, Lesson 12

Robust Vocabulary

1. eruption An eruption happens when something bursts through a surface.

2. depths The depths of something are its deepest parts.

3. gradually Something that happens gradually happens very slowly over time.

4. revealed When something is revealed, it was hidden but can now be seen.

5. contract To contract means to get smaller by shrinking.

6. constant If something is constant, it happens without stopping.

7. immediate An immediate event is one that happens right away.



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Grade 4, Lesson 13

Model Oral Fluency

Then I saw him—Forest Service Ranger Edward “Big Ed” Pulaski. He charged in on his horse, pushing through the burning, crackling timber, gathering men together as he rode. I could barely hear his shouts; the noise from the fire, wind, and crashing trees was thunderous.

“Follow me!” he ordered. “There’s an abandoned mineshaft nearby. Our one hope is to make it to that tunnel!”

Fluency R47

from “‘Big Ed’ Pulaski: Wildland Firefighting Legend” by Deanna Couch


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Grade 4, Lesson 13 R48 Monitor Comprehension: Read Ahead

Monitor Comprehension: Read Ahead

How to Use the Read Ahead Strategy

• Pause when you come to a word, phrase, or sentence you do not understand.

• Try to identify exactly what is confusing you.

• Form a question about what you do not understand.

• Read ahead to try to find the answer.

As she reached the top of the ridge, Lisa stopped her horse. She looked out over the forest for signs of a conflagration. Lisa gave a sigh of relief. She saw only one small plume of smoke rising up from the forest. The fire was still small.

Lisa quickly located her satchel. She needed to get the information about the fire’s location back to the ranger station. She opened the shoulder bag and found her phone. She quickly switched it on and called the station. The supervisor’s aide answered. Lisa spoke slowly and clearly: “Lisa here. The fire is burning in Elk Canyon, about 10 miles to the northwest.”


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Grade 4, Lesson 13

Robust Vocabulary

1. treacherous Something treacherous is dangerous and unpredictable.

2. drudgery Drudgery is hard, unpleasant, boring work.

3. plunge If you plunge into something, you rush into it suddenly.

4. smoldering Something smoldering is burning slowly from the inside, without flames.

5. altered When something has been altered, it has been changed.

6. scoffed If you scoffed at something, you spoke about it in a mocking or critical way.

7. skeptically If you talk skeptically about something, you express doubt about whether it is true.

8. discouraged If something discouraged you, it made you believe that things weren’t going to turn out as you hoped.



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Grade 4, Lesson 13

Predict Outcomes

Predict OutcomesR50

It was Ramona’s first time in a kayak. She was doing fine until she let herself get ahead of the group. Suddenly she saw some wild rapids ahead. As she tried to paddle through them, a powerful surge of water turned her kayak around and made it bounce against the rushing water. Ramona shouted as her paddle flew out of her hands.

“Now what do I do? I don’t want to be in a boat I can’t steer!” she wailed as she prepared herself for another big bounce. Then her boat hit some calm waters. Ramona looked around and saw that she wasn’t too far from the shore.


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Grade 4, Lesson 14

Model Oral Fluency

Something told the wild geese It was time to go.Though the fields lay golden Something whispered, —“Snow.”Leaves were green and stirring, Berries, luster-glossed, But beneath warm feathers Something cautioned, —“Frost.”All the sagging orchards Steamed with amber spice, But each wild breast stiffened At remembered ice.Something told the wild geese It was time to fly, —Summer sun was on their wings, Winter in their cry.

Fluency

“Something Told the Wild Geese” by Rachel Field

R51


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Grade 4, Lesson 14 R52 Read Ahead

Monitor Comprehension: Read Ahead

Leigh sat alone on a rock by the lake. As she read her book, she heard a strange, low humming sound. The humming was coming from the lake! Then something appeared over the lake, slowly gaining size and changing. Leigh had never seen anything like the strange cloud that swirled just above the water.

Leigh dropped her book and started to back away from the water’s edge, her eyes fixed on the swirling cloud. Suddenly, as she stared at the “cloud,” Leigh smiled. She ran back toward the lake.

The “cloud” was made of many small forms, flipping and splashing just above the water’s surface. “What a lucky thing for me,” Leigh thought. It wasn’t often that schools of hummerfish came to the surface of a lake.


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Grade 4, Lesson 14

Robust Vocabulary

1. hermit A hermit is a person who lives alone, often far from a community.

2. fascinated When you are fascinated by something, you are very interested in it and pay close attention to it.

3. occasionally If something happens occasionally, it happens once in a while.

4. timid A timid person is shy and unsure of himself or herself.

5. peculiar Something peculiar is something that is very strange and unusual, usually not in a good way.

6. drab Something drab looks dull and lacks color.

7. trembling If something is trembling, it is shaking slightly.

8. dashed If someone dashed away, they quickly and suddenly ran away.



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Model Oral Fluency

On up the sea slant,On up the horizon,This ship limps.

The bone of her nose fog-gray,The heart of her sea-strong,She came a long way,She goes a long way.

On up the horizon,On up the sea-slant,She limps sea-strong, fog-gray.

She is a green-lit night gray.She comes and goes in the sea fog.Up the horizon slant she limps.

“Sea Slant,” by Carl Sandburg


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Robust Vocabulary

1. intrepid A person who is intrepid acts brave because he or she has no fear.

2. seasoned A person who is seasoned at something has a lot of experience with that thing.

3. guidance Someone who gives guidance provides help and advice.

4. undoubtedly If something will undoubtedly happen, it will definitely happen.

5. cherish If you cherish something, it means a lot to you and you care for it lovingly.

6. hoist To hoist something is to raise it, often with mechanical help.

7. delectable A food described as delectable tastes very good.

8. pristine If a place is pristine, it is clean and untouched.

9. fragile If a thing is fragile, it is easily broken or damaged.

10. privilege A privilege is a special advantage or right that only certain people can have.

R55


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Grade 4, Lesson 15

Lin, Roxy, and Bev saw a tall woman in the boathouse.“You must be the new counselor,” said Lin. “Can we help you

hoist the boats up off the racks?”“I am, and you can,” said the tall woman. “Today we’ll row

to a pristine area across the lake. I hope you’re all intrepid adventurers, because we undoubtedly will see wildlife—maybe a bear or two. They’ll be eating the delectable blackberries that grow there.”

“We’re not only fearless, we’re experienced,” said Bev. “We’ve rowed and hiked together for years. We’re a seasoned crew. We won’t need much guidance.”

“Sounds good,” the woman replied. “I’m Counselor Amy.”The girls introduced themselves.“It’s a privilege to meet you,” replied Counselor Amy. Then

she turned to Roxy. “You probably cherish that bracelet you’re wearing. It appears to be fragile. I’m sure you don’t want to lose or break it, so you probably should take it off before we start.”

“We’ll leave our bracelets behind, too,” said Bev.“Yes,” said Lin. “We need to be ready for anything!”

Vocabulary Passage

Vocabulary PassageR56


Grade 4, Lesson 16

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Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR57

Model Oral Fluency

To everything there is a season (especially for allergy and asthma sufferers): the ragweed season (ah-choo!); the pollen season (wheeze, gasp); and in the Pacific Northwest, there’s also the bluegrass burning season (ah-choo! scratch scratch, wheeze, cough . . .gasp . . .gasp).

from “Up in Smoke” by Catherine Thimmesh


Grade 4, Lesson 16

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Your reading rate is how quickly or slowly you read a text. When you adjust your reading rate, you change the speed at which you are reading.

Monitor Comprehension: Adjust Reading Rate

R58 Monitor Comprehension:Adjust Reading Rate

Read these more slowly. Read these at a regular rate.

• science and social studies textbooks

• scientific articles• how-to manuals• directions

• fiction stories• letters from friends• other text that is easy to read


Grade 4, Lesson 16

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Eyeglasses

Since ancient times, nearsighted and farsighted people have tried to correct their vision. Around 1000 AD, polished stones and glass domes were used to magnify the letters of reading materials. Then, some time around the thirteenth century AD, people began holding glass lenses in front of their eyes to correct their vision.

No one is sure who first invented eyeglasses. Some say it was an Italian monk named Alessandro di Spina. Others think that eyeglasses were first developed in China. We do know that by the 1300s and 1400s, European artists were painting pictures of people wearing eyeglasses. By the 1600s, many people wore eyeglasses with earpieces to hold them on.

Today, millions of people wear glasses. Without them, many people would not be able to do the same activities, have the same jobs, or enjoy the same sights. Eyeglasses have improved everyday life in many important ways.


Monitor Comprehension:Adjust Reading Rate

R59


Grade 4, Lesson 16

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Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. tinker When you tinker with something, you try to fix or adjust it.

2. hoaxer Someone who tries to trick people is a hoaxer.

3. trampled If you trampled something, you stepped on it very hard and damaged it.

4. forged If you forged something together, you did it with great effort and you hope it lasts a long time.

5. perfect To perfect something is to improve it so that it is the best it can be.

6. quest A quest is a journey with a specific purpose.

7. barriers Barriers are objects or people that keep you from moving ahead.

R60


Grade 4, Lesson 16

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Follow Written Directions

Follow Written DirectionsR61

How to Make a Paper Cube

Materials• paper• pencil• scissors• glue

Steps to Follow 1. Trace the diagram below onto a sheet of paper.

2. Cut out your diagram along the outside edges.

3. Fold the diagram along the inside lines.

4. Fold the sides together to form a cube shape.

5. Glue the flaps into place.


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Model Oral Fluency

Have you ever had a strange dream that you remembered perfectly yet didn’t understand at all? Believe it or not, you might be on your way to becoming a famous artist.

Shortly after World War I, a group of artists called “surrealists” used the unusual visions of their dreams and memories to create strange pictures, poems, and sculptures filled with fantastic images.

from “Dreaming with the Surrealists” by Jennifer Leonard


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Grade 4, Lesson 17



R63

When I was little, I drew pictures with colored chalk on the sidewalk in front of our apartment. Painting pictures of people is still one of my favorite things to do.

My family is from a small village in central Japan. Many ideas for my art come from Japanese art forms. Kabuki is a type of traditional Japanese theater. Kabuki actors wear bold red and white face paint and make big, dramatic gestures. You can see these influences in the pictures of people I paint today.

Art helps us share our stories and feelings with other people. When you look at my art, I hope that it will inspire you to share your own story.


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Grade 4, Lesson 17

Robust Vocabulary

1. ancestors The people who came before you in your family are your ancestors.

2. brilliant Things that are brilliant are very bright, and often shiny.

3. exotic Something exotic is unusual and interesting because it came from a faraway place.

4. graceful If a person is graceful, he or she moves in a smooth way that is nice to look at.

5. mischievous Someone who is mischievous likes to play tricks on other people.

6. participate If you participate in a game, you are involved in it.



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Grade 4, Lesson 18

Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR65

When Janet Evans was given her first swimming lesson at age one, everyone could see how quickly she took to the water—but no one could have guessed that just sixteen years later she would be one of the most celebrateed athletes of the 1988 Summer Olympics!

Janet’s introduction to the water was more out of convenience than out of design. Her mom had brought her older brothers to a swimming lesson, and Janet, being a very active baby, simply couldn’t sit still with her mother in the stands. Finally her mom asked if the instructors could take Janet and give her lessons as well. They agreed, and the rest is history!

from “Janet Evans: Dangerous When Wet” by Neal Shusterman


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Grade 4, Lesson 18 R66 Monitor Comprehension: Self-Correct

Monitor Comprehension: Self-Correct

To monitor your comprehension means to take control of your reading.

1. Be aware of what you understand and what you do not understand.

2. If you don’t understand something, try to identify what is confusing you.

3. Self-correct to clear up your confusion.

There are different reasons for misreading a word. Here are two reasons, and ways that you can self-correct.

Homographs• If you used the wrong pronunciation for a homograph, the

sentence would not make sense.EXAMPLE: The sleeping puppy looked very content.

Content, pronounced KON•tent, means “all that a thing contains,” like the contents of a drawer. Content, pronounced con•TENT, means “happy enough not to complain; satisfied.” Which way should the word be pronounced for this sentence to make sense?

Unfamiliar Words• If you come across an unfamiliar word, you may not understand

the sentence.EXAMPLE: It was a blustery day. The wind whistled through the trees and leaves blew all about.

Look for context clues that might help explain what the unfamiliar word means. How can reading the next sentence help you figure out the meaning of blustery?


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Grade 4, Lesson 18


R67 Monitor Comprehension: Self-Correct

Tom Thumb is a folktale character. Stories about him were first told in England. When Tom was born, he was no bigger than his father’s thumb. Although he never grew any bigger, he proved himself to be both clever and fearless. Many stories have been told about Tom Thumb.

Once his father needed someone to take a cart into Nottingham Forest to collect wood. Tom Thumb volunteered. “You are too small to lead the horse,” his father said.

“That is of no matter,” Tom Thumb replied. “I will sit inside the horse’s ear and tell it where to go.” Tom nimbly climbed up the horse’s tail, hurried across its back, and leaped inside one of its tall, soft ears. “Gee! Haw!” he shouted. The horse obediently followed his every command. The townfolk looked on in astonishment as the horse cart made its way into the forest.

What does nimbly mean?


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Grade 4, Lesson 18

Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. bountiful If you had a bountiful amount of something, you would have a lot of it.

2. vast Something that is vast is so wide it would be hard to get across it.

3. stature A person’s stature is his or her height.

4. relentless Someone who is relentless in trying to do something keeps at it and refuses to give up.

5. roused If you roused someone, you woke up or alerted that person.

6. resourceful A resourceful person is good at finding ways to solve problems.

7. intentions Intentions are ideas about what a person means to do.

8. inadvertently If you do something inadvertently, you do it without meaning to.

R68


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Grade 4, Lesson 18 Narrative Forms

Narrative Forms

Literary Forms

Characteristics

All Forms • Have an element of fantasy• Were first told orally• Exist in many forms• May include animals as characters• Reflect the values and beliefs of a culture

fable • very short• states a simple moral at the end

folktale • teaches a lesson about how to behave• contains simple characters who stand for basic

human qualities, such as honesty or greed• often includes events that happen in “threes”

fairy tale • similar to folktales• often includes kings, queens, princes,

princesses, and imaginary creatures such as ogres

• may include characters who change their identity (ugly frog ➝ handsome prince)

• has a happy ending myth • comes from an ancient culture, such as ancient

Rome or Greece• tells about the gods and goddesses ancient

peoples believed intall tale • tells the adventures of a larger-than-life hero

• includes exaggeration and humor• comes from a particular region

pourquoi tale • explains how something in nature came to be

R69


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Grade 4, Lesson 19

Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR70

Long ago, during the days of the Aztec empire in what we now call Mexico, there ruled an emperor who sometimes liked to disguise himself and walk the city streets and country footpaths alone. He knew his subjects would speak far more openly and fearlessly to a common stranger than to their own emperor, and he was able to learn much about his people he would not have known had he always stayed on his throne.

from “The Emperor and the Peasant Boy” edited by William J. Bennett


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R71Grade 4, Lesson 19 Monitor Comprehension: Self-Correct

Long ago, the Wind was a terrible braggart. “ I am the most powerful weather force!” the Wind would roar. Tired of the Wind’s bragging, the Sun proposed a contest.

“See that man walking on the road?” the Sun asked. “I bet you can’t make him take off his mackinaw.”

“Nothing could be easier,” said the Wind, and he blew forth a mighty gale. The man pulled his coat around him. “Hmph,” said the Wind. He blew with all his might, but the man just pulled his coat more tightly around him.

“Give up?” asked the Sun. Out of breath the Wind could only nod.

“Watch this,” the Sun said. Rising in the sky, she glowed warmly. The man unbuttoned his coat. With each passing minute, the Sun glowed warmer. Soon the man took off his coat.

“You see?” said the Sun. “What you could not accomplish by force, I accomplished through persuasion.” The Wind stopped bragging after that.


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Robust Vocabulary

1. magnificent Something magnificent is very beautiful and impressive.

2. insisted If you insisted on something, you said it very firmly and you refused to change your mind.

3. declared Something that has been declared has been announced in a clear way.

4. confidently When you do something confidently, you are sure about what you are doing.

5. distressed Someone who is distressed feels very sad and helpless.

6. gloated If someone gloated, he or she bragged about something in a mean way.

7. anxiously If you waited anxiously for something, you worried about how it would turn out.

R72Grade 4, Lesson 19 Robust Vocabulary


Grade 4, Lesson 20

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Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR73

The “Messiah Violin” was the most expensive violin in the world. But it had been called a fake. The famous tree detective, Dr. Henri Grissino-Mayer, was on the case.

The violin was worth $20 million because the master instrument-maker Antonio Stradivari crafted the instrument more than 200 years ago. Or did he?

A scientist who studied violins and another scientist who studied tree rings claimed that Stradivari did not make the violin. It was not possible, they said, because the last ring in the violin’s wood had grown in 1738. That was theyear after Stradivari had died. Could Dr. Henri find the truth. . . also by using tree rings?

from “Solving the Violin Mystery” by Denise Harbison


Grade 4, Lesson 20

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Robust Vocabulary

1. ominous Something ominous is a sign of trouble or a warning that something bad is going to happen.

2. confound If you confound a person, you surprise or confuse him.

3. miserable A person who feels miserable feels uncomfortable or unhappy.

4. gracious Someone who is gracious is pleasant and polite.

5. beams Someone who beams is grinning.

6. self-assurance People who have self-assurance are confident and sure of themselves.

7. monitor When you monitor something, you regularly check its progress.

8. exposed A thing that has been exposed has been uncovered and has lost its protection from its surroundings.

9. installed If you installed a piece of equipment, you put it in to make it ready for use.

10. looming When an event is looming, it seems likely to happen soon.


Grade 4, Lesson 20

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Vocabulary Passage

Sasha and I thought about how to solve our latest case. Unlike most other cases, it had us confounded. The city’s art museum was missing a valuable painting, and the curator had hired us to find out what happened. We had monitored the security videotapes and collected evidence, but we just couldn’t put the pieces together. The museum curator had been gracious enough to give us more time, but the deadline was looming.

We both sat quietly, feeling miserable. Sasha was slumped in his chair, lacking his usual air of self-assurance. Then he had an idea. “Let’s create a program to solve the case!” he exclaimed. “We’ll input the clues, and the computer will find the answer. We’ll call it Solve-o-Matic!”

“A computer program?” I asked. “Do you know how to create one?”

“Sure! The computer will be able to look at data in ways we can’t,” Sasha said, beaming with enthusiasm. “Once we have it installed, there won’t be any mystery we can’t crack!”

We quickly got to work. The curator would be so happy if this worked to expose the thief! Finally, the program was finished. After we typed in the clues, the computer rattled and shook and let out an ominous puff of smoke. Then the printer spat out a piece of paper.


Grade 4, Lesson 21

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Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR76

In the 14th century, a French historian named Froissart (frawah-SAHR) told the story of a prince who had to find a husband for his younger sister. The girl in question had three suitors, each of whom was brave, noble, and chivalrous. Indeed, these knights had so many fine qualities that the prince found it impossible to choose between them. So in the end, he decided to leave the final choice up to fate. Remembering his sister’s fondness for her pet greyhound, he had the dog brought before the suitors, and declared that the princess would marry whichever man the animal preferred.

from “A Dog’s Life” by Iain Zaczek


Grade 4, Lesson 21

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Use Story Structure

Rory ran up the steps of the library and made a beeline for the children’s book section. “Here’s book six back” he said to the children’s librarian. “I’m ready for book seven!”

“Bad news,” Mr. Reed said. “Somebody’s checked it out.” Rory followed his gaze to the reading table. There sat Rose Peters, a girl in his class. She was reading book seven of the Black Knight Mystery series!

Rory swallowed hard. Usually he tried to avoid talking to girls, but he saw no other choice. As Rory neared the table, Rose turned a page and looked up.

“Hi, Rose,” Rory said. “I was wondering....How long will it take you to read that?”

“About a week,” Rose said. She saw Rory’s shoulders slump. “I’ve got an idea,” she added quickly. “Why don’t we both read it? I’ve just finished chapter one,” she said, sliding the book to Rory. “You read chapter one tonight. Then give me the book tomorrow.”

Rory thought a minute. “What about the weekend?” he asked. “We can meet at the library Sunday morning,” Rose said. “I’ll take

Saturday and you’ll have Sunday.” Rory decided since Rose was doing him a favor he wouldn’t

mention the fact that she would get two nights in a row, Friday and Saturday. “Deal,” he said, and then he surprised himself by shaking Rose’s hand.



Grade 4, Lesson 21

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Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. consisted If something consisted of several things, it was made up of those things.

2. prideful A person is prideful if he or she feels very satisfied because of something he or she has done.

3. intends When someone intends to do something, he or she plans to do it.

4. snatched If you snatched something, you grabbed it or pulled it away quickly.

5. recalls When a person recalls something, he or she remembers it.

6. select A select group is one that is special and among the best of its kind.

R78


Grade 4, Lesson 21

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Clues from the Story + What I Know = My Inference

jangle of keys, door swung open, living room, her dad came from the kitchen

People return to their homes after a visit to the library.

The setting is the house where Monica lives.

Make Inferences

Make Inferences

• An author may not explain everything that is happening in a story.

• Sometimes readers need to make inferences.

• To make inferences, readers use clues from the story along with what they already know.

R79

“Shhh! Everybody! I think they’re coming.” After a quick round of whispers and giggles, the room fell silent.

Outside a car door slammed, then another. Soon they heard the jangle of keys and Monica’s voice, “...thanks for taking me to the library, Mom. Too bad that Dad had work to do.”

Then the door swung open and Monica frowned in confusion. Before she could figure out why all of her friends were gathered in the living room, everybody shouted, “Surprise!” Just then her dad came from the kitchen carrying a delicious-looking chocolate cake with 10 candles on it.


Grade 4, Lesson 22

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FluencyR80

Model Oral Fluency

My first journal was a pocket-size, hot pink book with “diary” written across the cover in cursive, gold letters. It came with a key no bigger than a peanut to open a tiny lock so wobbly you could easily pop it with a bent paper clip, which is what I did after I lost the miniature key. At first, I hesitated to write in the journal. Every great book I’d ever read had adventure, mystery, and suspense. My life was stale tuna sandwiches, clarinet practice, and soccer games—not exactly gripping drama.

from “Keeping a Journal” by Trudi Strain Trueit


Grade 4, Lesson 22

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Use Story Structure

Alicia stood at the bus stop, puzzled. The second bus had just passed by. She was sure this was where her brother had told her to wait. Why didn’t the bus stop? She didn’t understand the bus system in this big California city at all.

As she waited, people slowly began to gather at the bus stop. Luckily, a woman in the crowd saw the worried look on Alicia’s face and asked if she could help. Relieved, Alicia showed her the slip of paper with the name of her stop written on it.

The woman assured her that she was waiting in the right place and told her what number to look for on the bus. Alicia smiled and said, “Thank you.”

“Maybe living in this big, strange city won’t be so bad if people are this nice,” she thought.



Grade 4, Lesson 22

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Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. burst When a person feels ready to burst if he or she doesn’t say something, it means that the person is very excited and cannot wait to say that thing.

2. opportunities Opportunities are chances to do something you want to do.

3. huddle When people huddle together, they gather close to each other in a tight group.

4. comforted If a person comforted a friend, he or she helped that friend feel better about something.

5. recognizes If someone recognizes you, it means they know who you are when they see you.

6. journey A journey is a trip from one place to another that usually takes a long time.

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Grade 4, Lesson 23

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FluencyR83

Model Oral Fluency

A buzzing zeee-zeee-zeee rises from meadows on warm summer days. As evening falls, chir-r-ip chir-r-ip and treet-treet-treet ring from trees and fields. Summer is filled with music performed by an insect orchestra made up of grasshoppers and crickets.

There are many different kinds of grasshoppers and crickets found all over the world. A few of them are serious pests—especially the migrating grasshoppers known as locusts, which travel in huge swarms and do great damage to crops. But most crickets and grasshoppers do little or no harm and are fascinating to watch and to hear. Crickets and grasshoppers have no voices. They produce their calls by rubbing body parts together as if they were playing fiddles.

from “Musical Insects” by Elaine Pascoe


Grade 4, Lesson 23

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Ask Questions

Ask Questions

If something confuses you while reading, try to ask questions. Then keep those questions in mind as you read. You may ask questions about

• unfamiliar words.

• characters, setting, or plot.

• a character’s traits or motives.

• a story’s theme or message.

R84

“This looks like a good spot, Dad,” Miki said, peering out the window at the passing greenery. “I think he’ll like it here.” Miki’s father turned up a dirt road that gently branched off Highway 25. Once they were well away from the highway, he pulled the car over to the side of the road. “How’s he doing?” he asked.

Miki held up the jar. Inside the jar a cricket sat perched on a nest of twigs. “I think the country air agrees with him,” Miki said.

Last week, Miki and her father had discovered the cricket on the fire escape of their apartment building. They put him in a jar, making sure to punch plenty of holes in the lid. Miki had tried to find things for the cricket to eat, but there were few trees in the city. She and her father decided it would be best to set the cricket free out in the country.

Miki and her father got out of the car and walked into a field. Miki slowly took the lid off the jar. “Goodbye, cricket,” she said. “Nice knowing you.” As if on cue, the cricket sprang out of the jar. It made a graceful arc through the air and disappeared into the tall grass.


Grade 4, Lesson 23

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Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. forlornly If you do something forlornly, you do it in a way that shows you feel sad and lonely.

2. fidget People might fidget, or move around restlessly, when they are bored or nervous.

3. pathetic A person or thing that is pathetic is sad or helpless. You usually feel sorry for pathetic people or things.

4. resolved When you have resolved to do something, you have made up your mind to do it.

5. scrounging If an animal is scrounging, it is looking around trying to find food.

6. noble If you describe someone as noble, you think that person is honest and unselfish.

7. stingy Someone who is stingy doesn’t like to spend money or share what they have.

8. suspicion If you think someone is guilty of doing something wrong, you have a suspicion about him or her.

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Grade 4, Lesson 23

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Use Context Clues

Use Context CluesR86

1. Sometimes context clues provide a direct explanation of a word.

“So for all the long years of my youth, when I could have been gamboling—which means playing—with the other mousies, I saved.”

The context clue which means playing explains the word gamboling. The word means “leaping about playfully.”

2. Sometimes context clues only give a general sense of a word.

She picked up a magazine—very big and heavy—and heaved it after Tucker. It hit him on the left hind leg just as he vanished into the drain pipe.

The underlined context clues suggest that heaved means to throw something heavy, such as a thick magazine.

3. When a word has more than one meaning, context clues can help you choose the right meaning for the word.

Chester shook the silver bell furiously; it rang like a fire alarm.

Furiously can describe something done angrily or something done strongly. In this example, the context clues tell readers that Chester shook the bell really hard, but not angrily.


Grade 4, Lesson 24

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Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR87

“Can you hear it?” our mother asked us one sun-filled, golden afternoon in summertime. “Hear what?” we asked together—identical twins with identical features, identical thoughts. . . and identical confusion. “The song of nature,” our mother answered, “when the sounds of nature are all that can be heard. Listen. Can you hear any human sounds?”

We strained, listening for the familiar jumble of island sounds; the thump-thump of a freighter heavily churning up the ocean strait, the sharp roar of an airplane splitting the peaceful summer sky, or the humming of a sleek motorboat zooming acorss the glittering blue sea. But this afternoon, for a moment, all was silent and still.

from “Nature’s Island Song” by Dori and Kate Hodgkin


Grade 4, Lesson 24

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Text Features Sample Questions

Words • What does this word mean?

• Are there any context clues to help me figure out the meaning of the word?

Structure • How is the selection organized?

• Is there a sequence of events, or are there steps in a process?

Main Idea • What is the most important idea in the selection?

• Which details support the most important idea?

Author’s Purpose • What is the author trying to say about the topic?

• What else would I like to learn about the topic?

Ask Questions

Ask QuestionsR88

Good readers ask themselves questions as they read. The questions help them to:• Make sure they understand what they have been reading.

• Find out more about a topic in the next section of the selection.


Grade 4, Lesson 24

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Ask Questions

Ask QuestionsR89

The mangrove snapper is a small fish. It grows only about 18 inches long and weighs no more than ten pounds. Large groups of this fish live in the mangrove habitats of the southern Florida coast. There, they are relatively safe from predators such as larger fish, sharks, eels, and barracudas. During the day, the fish swim in large schools. At night, the mangrove snapper comes out to feed on the abundant food sources in the habitat. Mangrove snappers may stay in one place for as long as four years because of the large supply of smaller fish, shrimp, crabs, and other sea creatures and the safety of the habitat.

The mangrove forest is most important, though, in serving as a “nursery” for young mangrove snappers. Adult snappers release their eggs around the full moon at several different times during the year. The fertilized eggs hatch about 20 hours later and settle into the interior of the mangrove habitat where they are safe from large predators. Among the mangrove roots, they find a rich supply of tiny fish called plankton. As they grow to adulthood, they feed on shellfish, worms, and other small sea creatures. When the young snappers become adult, they move into coastal reefs closer to the open sea.


Grade 4, Lesson 24

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Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. remarkable A remarkable thing is something very special in a way that makes other people notice it.

2. suitable Something is suitable if it is right for whatever it is being used for.

3. advantage When someone takes advantage of something, he or she makes good use of it.

4. extract When you extract something, you carefully pull it out of something else.

5. withstand If you withstand a difficult time, you are able to get through it all right.

6. stealthy A stealthy animal is one that stays quiet and hidden as it moves about, so that others do not notice it.

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Grade 4, Lesson 25

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Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR91

We lived on Clay Street above Powell, so it was a steep walk down to the fish store. Between the tall buildings, I could see a blue square that was the bay. Oakland was a smudge hidden in the haze on the horizon. Somewhere in the distance, I heard the clang of a cable car bell.

The coffee shops and bakeries had opened long ago. The smell of tea and coffee mixed with the smell of fresh bread and cakes.

from “Skunk Scout” by Laurence Yep


Grade 4, Lesson 25

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Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. destinations Destinations are the places people are going to.

2. aspects The aspects of a place or thing are its features and elements.

3. vigorously If you do something vigorously, you do it with energy and enthusiasm.

4. reconstruct To reconstruct something that has been damaged or destroyed means to rebuild it.

5. gorgeous A gorgeous person or thing is attractive and stunning.

6. festive Something that is festive is colorful and exciting.

7. ornate Something that is ornate is decorated witha lot of complicated patterns.

8. symbolize If an animal or an object symbolizes something, it represents that thing.

9. expectantly When you wait expectantly for something, you eagerly look forward to it.

10. misfortune Misfortune is something unlucky or unpleasant that happens to someone.

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Grade 4, Lesson 25

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Vocabulary Passage

It was the day of the big parade to celebrate the Chinese New Year! June, Pete, and Mei were on a student committee that planned several aspects of the celebration. Their main project had been to reconstruct a famous lion float from the past, using old photographs. The float was nearly ready. The last step was to decorate it.

The three friends giggled with excitement as they ran to meet their classmates. Pete was in charge of handing out the ornate costumes, which were made out of red and gold fabric. June and Mei led a group of students to decorate the float. At the center of the float stood a golden lion, ready to ward off misfortune. Around the sides, they added gorgeous fresh flowers and festive streamers. They used mostly red flowers, because the color is meant to symbolize good luck.

Mei called out, “We have twenty minutes until we line up for the parade!” Everyone worked vigorously to finish the float.

The students made their way to a side street where the parade marchers gathered. The streets were crowded with people moving toward various destinations around Chinatown. Everyone was waiting expectantly for the celebration to begin. “Happy New Year,” June called to her friends, “and remember to smile!”


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Grade 4, Lesson 26 FluencyR94

Model Oral Fluency

A group of researchers stared at their specimen, a skeleton of Triceratops—the three-horned dinosaur from the Cretaceous period. Usually these creatures were nearly 30 feet long, but to these paleontologists, the dino wasn’t any bigger than Fido. Grabbing a leg bone, a researcher pumped the joints. “So,” she asked her colleagues, “did it move this way or this way?”

from “A Dinosaur Lives, Virtually” by Amy S. Hansen


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Summarize

Dragon Legends Around the World

For centuries, people around the world have told stories about legendary creatures known as dragons. In Western countries, dragons are usually thought of as huge fire-breathing lizards with leathery wings. In most myths and legends, these dragons are dangerous creatures who are up to no good. Many tales tell about a hero who successfully hunted dragons. Heracles, for example, overpowered a many-headed dragon.

In Eastern countries such as China and Japan, dragons often represent good luck. The kind, wise dragons of Asia look a little like long snakes. Although they are shown flying, many do not have wings. Some historians think that the Chinese dragon developed from images of fish or crocodiles.


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Robust Vocabulary

1. contraption A contraption is a strange-looking machine or device.

2. roamed If a creature roamed an area, it wandered around there.

3. massive Something massive is very large and heavy.

4. submerged If something is submerged, it is beneath the surface of a body of water.

5. elegant Something elegant is graceful and pleasing to look at.

6. obstacles Obstacles are things that get in your way when you are going somewhere or trying to reach a goal.

7. complicated Something that is complicated has many parts that are connected in ways that make it hard to understand.

8. eerie Something that is eerie is strange and makes people feel afraid.

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Grade 4, Lesson 26

Example 1: ORIGINAL SENTENCE:Long ago, people believed that the huge ancient bones they found were the remains of mythical creatures.

WORDS REPLACED WITH SYNONYMS:In the past, people thought that the gigantic old bones they discovered were the remains of legendary beasts.

WORD ORDER CHANGED:When people discovered gigantic old bones in the past, they thought they had found the remains of legendary beasts.

LA97

When you paraphrase, you retell what an author has said in your own words, without changing the meaning. • Replace some words with synonyms.• Change the order of the words.• Remember that there is more than one way to paraphrase a sentence.

Example 2: ORIGINAL SENTENCE:We know of more than 1,000 species of dinosaurs. More dinosaurs are being discovered every year.

WORDS REPLACED WITH SYNONYMS:

WORD ORDER CHANGED:

R97

Paraphrase

Paraphrase


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Grade 4, Lesson 27

Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR98

Introduction

Jack Landon is visiting the Grand Canyon for the first time. His sister, Ashley, and their parents, Olivia and Steven, have awoken early to watch the sun rise across the canyon.

Over the Edge

The sky was lightening in the east, sending out delicate rays, burning the tips of the piñon pines until they looked as if they were on fire. The air itself seemed touched with gold. A walkway arced from the parking lot toward a small building; next to it were more pines, more slices of sky touching distant mountaintops, and yet, with less than a hundred yards to go, the view of the canyon itself eluded him.

from “Over the Edge” by Gloria Skurzynski and Alane Ferguson


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Summarize

World Wonders

Did you know that the ancient Greeks had tourist guidebooks? The most famous guidebook was a list of things to see in ancient Greece and the surrounding Mediterranean area. You may have heard of it, since it became very famous over the ages. It was called the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still exists today. It is the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt. All the others were destroyed over time. That doesn’tmean that there are no wonders left, though. Many other amazing natural and human-built wonders have been discovered or created since that time. Many new “Seven Wonders” lists have been created as well. One example is “The Seven Wonders of the “Natural World,”which includes the Grand Canyon, Victoria Falls, and Mount Everest.


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Grade 4, Lesson 27

Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. ancient Something ancient is very, very old.

2. distant Something distant is very far away.

3. sentries Sentries are people who stand as guards around a camp, building, or other area.

4. glistens Something that glistens looks wet and shiny.

5. embedded If an object is embedded in something, it is stuck firmly in it.

6. cascading Cascading water falls or rushes downward very fast.

7. weary If you are weary, you are very tired from working hard at something and you want to stop.

8. eroding Something that is eroding is being slowly scraped away a little at a time, often by the force of moving water or strong wind.

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Grade 4, Lesson 27

TYPES OF GRAPHIC AIDS

Graphic Aid Purpose

map to show where places are

diagram to show parts of things

graph to compare information

chart to display different kinds of information

Rainfall in the Grand CanyonVery little rainfall reaches the bottom of the Grand Canyon. From the

end of summer through the beginning of fall, the rainfall declines steadily. In fact, the August rainfall is about three and one-half times

more than November rainfall.

Inches of Rainfall in the Grand Canyon

R101 Use Graphic Aids

Use Graphic Aids

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

Inch

es o

f rai

nfal

l

Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.


Grade 4, Lesson 28

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Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR102

The first winter Paul spent in Wisconsin he cut so many logs that the northern sawmills couldn’t handle the output, so Paul decided to drive them down the Mississippi to New Orleans. However, at that time there were six Mississippis, not just one main river as we know it now. They all flowed south, and you couldn’t tell one from another. It led to many mistakes, but nothing was really ever done about it until Paul came along.

When spring came he decided to send Big Joe, the river boss in charge of the first batch of logs. The men worked night and day getting the logs in the river, and Paul waved goodbye to Joe and his men as they went out of sight around the first bend. Everything went along nicely for the first few days. The river was wide and swift and everybody thought they would soon be in New Orleans, but it turned out later they were on the wrong Mississippi, for it suddenly turned west and wandered all over the state of Texas. Joe and his river crew finally ended up at Albuquerque, New Mexico, and had to sell the logs to the Indians for whatever they could get.

from “The Six Mississippis” by Dell J. McCormick


Grade 4, Lesson 28

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People tell a tale like this in west Africa.Once long, long ago, a farmer planted a single pumpkin seed. This

seed sprouted into a vine that soon encircled his entire village. In time it produced a pumpkin that grew to be as large and as heavy as a hippopotamus.

When fall came, the pumpkin’s skin turned reddish orange. “Now I can make soup for the whole village,” the farmer said. He hacked through the pumpkin’s stem and began poking his knife through its vermilion cloak.

“Ouch!” screamed the angry pumpkin. “Stop hurting me!”Though he was quite surprised to hear the pumpkin talk, the farmer

did not stop his cutting. “You are ripe, and ripe vegetables must be eaten before they spoil. I must dice you without further delay,” he told the pumpkin.

Seething with fury, the pumpkin started rolling toward the farmer. The farmer raced away downhill, but the pumpkin pursued him. Just as he was about to be flattened, the desperate farmer leaped sideways like a gazelle. Unable to stop, the pumpkin continued tumbling downhill, fell on a sharp-edged boulder, and split in two.

Its top half became the sky. Its bottom half became the earth. Its seeds became the stars. Its skin wrapped around the sun, which turned orange. And the farmer became the first person to grow vegetables in this bright new world.


Grade 4, Lesson 28

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Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. behemoth Something called a behemoth is extremely large.

2. cordially To say something cordially is to say it in a warm, friendly way.

3. hearty If a meal is hearty, it is satisfying and includes plenty of good food.

4. fanciful Something that is fanciful is not real but comes from the imagination.

5. scenic A scenic place has lovely natural features, such as trees, cliffs, or bodies of water.

6. colossal Something that is colossal is huge.

7. illusion An illusion is something that is not really what it appears to be.

R104


Grade 4, Lesson 29

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Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR105

By 1900 humans had been almost everywhere on this planet’s land surface—everywhere, that is, except the North and South Poles.

Adventure: It was in his blood. Risk taking: It was part of his way of life. To escape from a difficult childhood, Matthew Henson set out to sea when only twelve years old. Through “on-the-job” training he learned math, reading, and navigation skills. By the age of twenty-one, he was an experienced world traveler. Then fate stepped in. Hensen was working in a fur and supplies store when an explorer named Robert Peary came in to buy some items. He mentioned that he needed a servant to accompany him on an expedition to Nicaragua. Guess whom he chose?

from “Matthew Henson: The Man ‘On Top of the World’” by Dennis Denenberg and Lorraine Roscoe


Grade 4, Lesson 29

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In John Muir’s time, the second half of the nineteenth century, adventurers were still exploring distant parts of America unknown to its citizens. But even then, the wilderness areas of the nation were rapidly growing smaller. At Muir’s urging, the first national parks were created and wilderness protection organizations such as the Sierra Club were born. A generation later, people such as Ansel Adams would begin to support conservation with a new level of dedication.

One of the greatest landscape photographers in the history of the art, Ansel Adams felt a passionate connection with the landscapes he photographed. Carrying on John Muir’s legacy, he spent long periods of time in the wilderness and worked tirelessly to raise awareness about conservation efforts. More than anything else, though, he used his photography to display the amazing and fragile beauty of the natural world.




Grade 4, Lesson 29

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Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. dedicated If you are dedicated to achieving a goal, you are devoting yourself to that purpose.

2. determined A determined person will do everything possible to try to accomplish a task.

3. dainty Something that is dainty is small and delicate.

4. coddled Someone who has been coddled has been treated too kindly or protected too much.

5. pitiful If something is pitiful, it is so sad and weak that people feel sorry for it.

6. endured Someone who has endured hardships has used personal strength to survive them.

7. memorable If something is memorable, it is worth remembering.

R107


Grade 4, Lesson 30

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Model Oral Fluency

FluencyR108

Analyzing shipwrecks is similar to detective work. Divers must always remember: The crews of ships in trouble often tossed overboard unnecessary cargo, including cannons, to lighten their load. Some ships in distress went for a kilometer before actually sinking. An entire ship did not always sink and settle in one spot. Thus, as much may be learned from the “scatter” or “spill” of a sinking vessel as from the ship itself.

from “‘Detective’ Work” by Rosalie F. Baker


Grade 4, Lesson 30

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Robust Vocabulary

Robust Vocabulary

1. distinguished A distinguished person stands out from others in a job or field of work.

2. verify If you verify something, you check to make sure that it is true by using very careful research.

3. discern If you discern things, you are aware of them and are able to tell differences between them.

4. dubious A person who feels dubious is doubtful or unsure about something.

5. descend When you descend, you move downward.

6. frantically To behave frantically is to behave in a wild, energetic way.

7. estimate When you estimate an amount of something, you make a careful guess about how many things there are in it.

8. vicinity If something is in the vicinity, it is nearby.

9. abruptly If you do something abruptly, you do it very suddenly.

10. scrutinize When you scrutinize something, you examine it carefully to find out some information about it.

R109


Grade 4, Lesson 30

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Vocabulary Passage


Leon and Shondra stood on some rocks overlooking a beach. “I bet there’s treasure buried in this vicinity!” Leon said.

Shondra looked dubious. “What makes you say that?” she asked.

“I heard there was a shipwreck here,” Leon answered. “They never found it, though. I estimate there are two tons of gold buried nearby!”

“Are you thinking what I’m thinking?” asked Shondra. “You bet,” Leon said. “One ton for you, and one ton for

me. Let’s search!” The two friends started to descend the path to the beach.

Then Shondra stopped abruptly and pointed to some jagged rocks below them. “Let’s look there. Maybe the ship crashed on those rocks.”

They ran to the rocks and dug frantically beside them, hoping to find a clue. Leon hit something that looked rusty and old. At first they couldn’t discern what it was. They took a few moments to scrutinize the object and realized that it was a necklace.

“It looks like something a distinguished lady would wear,” Shondra said. “We need someone to verify that it’s old and valuable!”

Leon and Shondra carefully wrapped the necklace and headed for home.


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Graphic OrganizerGO1

Plot Events

Grade 4

Characters Setting

RXENL08ATP4X_GO.indd 1RXENL08ATP4X_GO.indd 1 2/8/07 2:24:05 PM2/8/07 2:24:05 PM

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Graphic OrganizerGO2Grade 4

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Conflict

Plot Events

Resolution

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Characters Setting


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Cause

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Effect


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Event 1

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ËxHSKBP3y546198zv*:+:!:+:! - Alton · PDF fileGrade 4, Lesson 2 Robust Vocabulary Robust Vocabulary 1. legendary Someone legendary is especially famous for something he or she did