XHTML 1.1 Derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) of ISO XHTML concerned primary with content rather than presentation and style

XHTML 1.1

Derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) of ISO

XHTML concerned primary with content rather than presentation and style

Evolution of the statandards for XHTML is controlled by World Wide Web Consortium W3C

Style sheets (CSS) were developed to give precise specification of presentation

XHTML Document Structure

Every document must begin with an xml declaration

<?xml version = “1.0” encoding = “utf-8” “>

The SGML DOCTYPE command must follow

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//w3c//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN”

“http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”>

http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd

XHTML Tags Tags are the syntactical units of HTML

Used to specify categories of content

provides formatting: layout and presentation details

Browser has default presentation for content

Syntax: < tag's name> with closing: </tag's name> Tag's name must be all lower case

Content of a tag appears between the tag and its closing

A tag and its closing tag specify a container

An element: a container and its content.

XHTML Required Tags

Every document must include four tags: <html> -- root element of document

Attribute xmlns (XHML name space)

<html xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”>

<head> -- provides inf about document not its content Can include meta element

<meta name=”keywords” content = “gadgets, information” />

<title> <body> -- provides content of document

XHTML Tags

Tags are inline or block Inline: content appears on the current line Block: content appears on new line

Tags must be nested properly: strictly enforced A block tag can NEVER be nested directly in an

inline tag Inline tags and text cannot be nested directly in a body

or form elements

XHTML Hypertext

Anchor tag: <a href=”link to document”> is an inline tag.

Provides link pointing to document:

Filename

Directory path & filename

URL

Specific place in document – which must be marked <h2 id = “gadgets”> Items for sale </h2> <a href = “itemsforSale.html#gadgets”>Sale items</a>

XHTML Basic Tags

<p> ... </p> Paragraph tag

<br /> Line break

<h1> ... </h1> Headings, can be up to 9

<blockquote> ... </bl...> Block quote

<i>, <b>, <small>, <big>, <sub>, <sup>, <tt> Font style and sizes

<hr /> Horizontal Rule (lines)

<img src=”pictures.jpg” alt=”my picture” /> Inline image

Can have width and / or height attributes

XHTML List Tags

Enumerated list <ol> ... </ol>

Itemized list (bullets) <ul> ... </ul>

List item <li> ... </li> Definition list <dl> ... </dl>

Definition term <dt> ... <dt>

Definitions <dd> ... <dd>

XHTML Tables Tags <table border = “border”> --block tag

<caption> the title of a table

<tr> specifies a row <th> specifies row or column heading

rowspan, columnspan attributes specify span of a table cell

<td> table data align attribute can be left, center, or right valign attribute can be top, or bottom Cellpadding and cellspacing

HTML Forms Most common way to communicate from Web

browser to server. HTML has tags for Widgets which create objects

on the screen-form to be filled out. single/multiple line text Checkboxes, Radio buttons, Menus, Submit and Reset buttons.

HTML Forms Widgets are used to gather information from the

user. Each widget has a value: default or user input Form data is composed of all the values of the

widgets. Submit button activated results in the form data

being encoded and sent to the web server for processing

Reset button resets all widget values to defaults

The <form ... > tag

Required attribute action --specifies URL of application to be called by submit button.

<form method=post action="mailto:[email protected]" Enctype=text/plain >

action ="http://www.cs.ucp.edu/cgi-bin/survey.pl"

Attribute method specifies one of two possible get post

http://www.cs.ucp.edu/cgi-bin/survey.pl

HTML Widgets

Many created with <input> tag. Attribute type specifies kind of widget used.

<input type="reset" value="Reset it!">

<input type='submit" value="Submit Form"> Text -creates horizontal box for text input

Size attribute can change default of 20 characters Setting maxlength causes additional input to be

ignored, otherwise, box is scrolled to the left.

HTML Widgets

Checkboxes -collect multi-choice input Every item in the checkbox requires a value attribute.

It is the widget's value in the form data when it is selected.

Non selected checkboxes contributes no values to the form data.

Initialized selections must have the checked attribute set to "checked." No selection is the default.

HTML Widgets

Radio Buttons -only one button can be "checked" at a time. Every button in a radio group must have the same

name If no button is selected, browser selects the first one.

HTML Widgets

Menus are created with the <select > tag Name attribute of <select> is required. Can have multiple or single (default) selection. Multiple selection is specified with the multiple

attibute set to "multiple" Size attribute specifies how many menu items to

display (default is 1) Size >1 or multiple specified --> pop-up menue

HTML Widgets

Menus Menu items specified with the <option> tag. Its text

content is the value of the item. Selected attribute of the <option> tag is preselected if

it is set to "selected"

HTML Widgets

<textarea> tag used to create text input areas. Size of the text area is provided by<textarea>

attribute: cols, and rows. Default text included as the content of <textarea> Scrolling is implicit if area is overfilled. Wrap attribute can be used to force a line to wrap

arround when set to "hard"

Documents

XHTML 1.1 Derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) of ISO XHTML concerned primary with content rather than presentation and style