xxxxxxxxxxxx Annual Report 2009 - ivl.se

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Annual Report 2009

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• Net turnover increasedtoSEK204million(2008:SEK196million)andtheprofitfortheyearwasSEK3.8(4.2)million.

• The number of employees in the Stockholm,GothenburgandBeijingofficesat31December2009was179(179).

• Aftermorethan20yearsofoperationinChina,IVLopenedthe first office of its own in Beijingon23January.

• IVL,withsupportfromtheBaltic Sea 2020 Founda-tion,undertookanotableprojecttomitigatephos-phorusleakagefromagriculturalland.Theaimoftheworkistodevelopmethodsofinterceptingsuchleak-agebymeansofditchdamsandditchfilterslocatedclosetothesource,beforethepollutionreachesmajorwatercoursesandtheBalticSea.

• IVL’sregularmajorconferencewasheldinMayinthepresenceofHM Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.Thethemeoftheconferencewasanenergyscenariodevel-opedbyIVLresearchersshowingtheconditionsnec-essarytoreduceSwedishcarbondioxideemissionsby90percentbytheyear2050withtheaidofahighlevelofwindpowerandSwedish-producedbiofuels.

• WithIVLasafoundermember,the Sweden Green Building Council (SGBC)wasestablishedinJunetopromotesustainabilityinthebuildingandpropertysector.

• InAugust,itwasannouncedthattheGothenburgconsortium, ofwhich IVL is amember,was thebodychosentoreceivefundingfromtheSwedishFoundationforStrategicEnvironmentalResearch(MISTRA) to establish an international researchcentre–Mistra Urban Futures–forsustainableurbandevelopment.

• A training course for journalistswasheldinAugustincooperationwiththeSwedishMinistryoftheEnvironment,SwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,EuropeanCommissionandStockholmEnvi-ronmentInstitute(SEI).Thefocusofthecoursewasonclimate,climatepolicyandBalticSeaissues.

• IVLparticipated in anumberof eventsduring theSwedishEUpresidency,suchasthepresidentialin-augurationandseveralhigh-levelmeetings,anddem-onstrated its newclimate calculator, Climate Account on these occasions.InSeptember,thecompanyhosted theEuropeanAffairsministersofthe27EUmembernationsaboardtheresearchvessel,Sunbeam.

• InSeptember,Ann-BethAntonssonwasappoint-edtoaprofessorshipinergonomicsatKTH, the institution’s first female adjunct professor.

• IVL researcherLisaSchmidtwasawarded the in-auguralBliwa Insurance grantofSEK300,000foraresearchprojectdesignedtohelppeoplewithlong-termillnessestoreturntowork.

• IVLwasallocated fundingbyMISTRA tocontinueworkontheEntwinedresearchprogrammeforafurtherfouryears.Thepurposeoftheprogrammeistostudy the interactionbetween internationalenvi-ronmentalpoliciesandglobaltrade,withthefocusoncross-boundaryproblems.

• IVLarrangedandparticipatedinanumberofeventsheldinconjunctionwiththeCOP15climatenegotia-tionsinCopenhageninDecember.

• IVLwasappointedby theSwedishEnvironmen-talProtectionAgencytoleadthenewthree-yearresearch programme, Climate Change and Environmental Objectives (CLEO). Witha budget of SEK21 million, the programme isdesignedtoexaminehowclimatechangewillin-fluencetheachievementofenvironmentalgoalsinthefuture.

The year in brief

ivl annual report 2009

1

1 Contents

2 Foreword by the CEO

4 This is IVL

6 Commentary

Thematic areas

8 Water

9 Climate and energy

10 Air and transport

11 Sustainable building

12 Sustainable production

13 Resource-efficient products and waste

14 IVL and COP15

16 IVL in China

18 Directors’ report

24 Financial summary and key indicators

25 Proposed appropriation of profits

26 Income statement

27 Balance sheet

28 Cash flow statement

29 Comments and notes to the accounts

34 Auditor’s report

35 Board and executive management group

37 Scientific papers

contents


2 foreword

Whenallissaidanddone,thereisusuallymoresaidthan

done!However,thisdoesnotapplytoIVL.Wedifferfrommost

playersintheclimate,energyandenvironmentalfieldinthat

wemarrypolicyactivitiesandawarenesscreationwithrobust

technology.Ouraimistoachieveconcreteresultsthatwill

provideourprincipalswithconcretebenefits.

Theyear2009wasagoodoneforIVLandourfinancialperformancefortheyearwassatisfactorydespitetheglobalfinancialcrisis,anddespitethecautionthatprevailedinanumberofindustriesinrela-tiontoassignmentsandinvestment.Now,midwaythroughthefirstquarterof2010,wedetectsignsthatSwedishbusinessisonceagainpreparedtoinvestmoreinresearchanddevelopmenttomaintainitsstatusandexpand.Nowisthetime,aswebegintorecoverfromawide-ranginganddeeprecession,thatwemustmaketherightdeci-sionsandbuildthesustainablesocietyofthefuture.

IVLcontinuestocontributetothecompetitivenessofSwedishindustrythroughitsresearchandcontractassignmentactivities,thepan-industrialnatureofwhichenablesustotakeaholisticviewthatfew,ifany,ofourcounterpartscanmatch.Theclosecontactsthatwemaintainwithindustryenableustoactasabridgebetweentheacademiccommunityandthepracticalworldofbusiness.Withourexpertise and roots in environmental, energy and climate-related

research,ourexperienceofexportingenvironmentaltechnology,andourcollaborationwith large,medium-sizedandsmallbusinessesalike,weareparticularlywell-equippedtocontributetothedevelop-mentandcompetitivenessofSwedishindustry.

Basic funding essential to long-term leadershipForIVLtofulfilthistask,itisessentialthattheallocationoffundingforstrategiccompetencedevelopmentbegovernedbyaprinciplethatextendstoallresearchinstitutesanddoesnot,onobscuregrounds,excludeanyoneormoreofthoseinstitutions.IVLisnotoneofthere-searchinstitutesthatreceivesfundingfromthissource,anexclusionthatweconsiderunjustified.Wehavethesamerequirementforbasicfundingasotherinstitutestoenableustomaintainourpositionattheforefrontofenvironmentalresearchinthelongertermalso.

ThefactthatIVLisownedjointlybytheSwedishgovernmentandSwedishbusinesscontributestoitsroleasacredibleandforesight-

When all is said and done…

We marry policy activities

and awareness creation with

robust technology’


3foreword

edpartnertotheacademiccommunity,businesssectorandsociety.IVL’sownershipandorganisationalstructureoffersauniqueandeffi-cientmodelforjointly-financedresearch–amodelthatpromotescooperationandtrust,andhascontributedformanyyearstothesta-tusofworldleadershipnowenjoyedbymanySwedishcompanies.

Exporting cutting-edge technologiesToday’senvironmentalproblemsandchallengescallforglobalsolu-tions,andaffordopportunitiesforexportingcutting-edgetechnolo-giesdevelopedinSweden.In2009,wecontinuedwithourworkonvariousEUprojectsandwiththeexpansionofouroperations,mainlyinChinaandIndia,whereweareconductingprojectsatbothnationallevel(publicservices,infrastructureetc.)anddetailedlevel(energy-efficientbuildingandtheindoorenvironment).IVLiscurrentlywork-ingintensivelyontheseissues–frompassivehousesinSwedentoenergy-efficientbuildinginChina,fromourinvolvementinthenewinternationalcentreinGothenburgforthedevelopmentofthesustainablecitiesofthefuturetoourparticipationininfrastructuraldevelopmentforpoor,urbanpopulationgroupsinIraq.

Swedish EU presidencyAnumberofactivitiesundertakenby IVLduring theSwedishEUpresidency,manyofthemincooperationwiththePrimeMinister’sOffice,MinistryoftheEnvironment,MinistryofEnterprise,EnergyandCommunications,andtheEuropeanCommission,providesan-otherexampleofourinvolvementinsideandoutsideSweden.Theseactivitieswerefocusedpartlyonpolicymatters,andpartlyondem-onstratinghowwecontributetoreducingclimateandenvironmentalimpactwithtoolsandprojects.Oneofthetoolsdemonstratedwasaclimatecalculator,ClimateAccount,thatenablesanindividualtocalculatehisorherclimatefootprint.Anothermuch-notedprojectdealtwiththeuseofphosphorus-absorbentpelletsasaradicalandcost-effectivemethodofreducingphosphorusleakagefromagricul-turallandintotheBalticSea.

Anorganisationalreviewwascarriedoutinlateautumn2009toenableustocontinuetomeettheneedsofourcustomers,bothexistingandnew,maintainsatisfactoryprofitabilityanddevelopourexpertise.On1February2010,IVLadoptedaneworganisationwithfewerunitsandamoreuniformdistributionofmanagementperson-nelintermsofbothgenderandgeographicallocation.

IVL a natural and neutral meeting placeBoththebusinesssector,andthepublicsectoratnational,region-alandlocallevel,facechallengesthatarecomplexandconstantlychanging.IVLwillcontinuetoprovideanaturalandneutralmeet-ingplaceandcommunicationlinkthatenablesacademia,businessandsocietytoshareappliedresearchanddiscussnewsolutions.Wehelpcompaniesandorganisationstoutilisetheirresourcesmoreefficiently,reducetheirrawmaterialandenergycosts,andminimisethecostsofmanagingspillsandwaste,whilereducingtheirenviron-mental footprint. Inmanycases,our researchersandexpertsdis-coverthatinvestmentsmadetoreduceoreliminateemissionsalsoyieldfinancialbenefitsforthecompaniesconcerned.

Canthesolutionsneededtoemergefromthefinancialcrisisbeconfiguredsothattheyalsohelptosolvethebiggerandlonger-termproblemsassociatedwith climateandenvironmental issues?Webelieveso.Somecommentatorsmaintainthatit istooexpensivetocommittoimprovedenvironmentaltechnology.Butisthisreallytrue?Replacingthehorseandcarriagewiththerailwayobviouslycostmoney,butwasregardedasanobviousandpositivedevelopment.Thedevelopmentofmodernhealthcareandnewmedicineswasalsoanexpensiveundertaking,butonethatnobodyquestionstodayasaveragelifeexpectancyincreasesallovertheworldandhumansuffer-ingisalleviated.Majorinvestmentwasrequiredtoestablishtoday’shigh-tech telecommunications systems, but without the Internet,mobilephonesandcomputers,today’sincreasinglyglobalsocietywouldnothaveexisted.

Afewyearsfromnow,nobodywillconsiderinvestmentinmod-ernenvironmentaltechnologyandinclean,resource-efficientmanu-facturingtohavebeentooexpensive.Likethemobilephone,modernhealthcareandefficienttransport,theseadvanceswillbeseenasamatterofcourse.

Tord SvedbergPresident & CEOStockholm, February 2010

We help companies and organisations

to utilise their resources more efficiently’



4 ivl

Sweden’s first and oldest environmental research instituteFoundedjointlybytheSwedishgovernmentandSwedishbusinessin1966,IVLisnowalimitedcompanyownedbySIVL(FoundationoftheSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstitute).SIVL’spurposeistopromotetheconditionsforenvironmentalresearchand,throughitsownership,guaranteeIVLanindependentstatus.

IVLhas,sinceitsinception,playedanimportantsocietalroleasabridgebuilderbetweentheresearchcommunity,thebusinesssectorandpublicagencies,andplaysavitalroleasaneutralarenawherethesestakeholderscancometogether.

Mission and valuesIVLSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstituteundertakesappliedresearchandcontractassignmentswiththeaimofpromotingeco-logical,economicandsociallysustainablegrowthwithinbusinessandsocietyatlarge.IVL’svaluesarefoundedoncredibility,totalityandforesight.

Competent staffIVLemploysapproximately180people,48%ofwhomarewomen.Aboutone-thirdofthestaffarequalifiedresearchers,while64%holdmasters degrees in engineering or equivalent academic qualifica-tions.In2009,onecolleague,MarkusWråke,wasawardedaPhD,whileIVLacquiredanotheradjunctprofessorinthepersonofAnn-BethAntonsson,whowasappointedtoaprofessorshipinergonom-icsatKTH.Thirty-sevenscientificpapersbyIVLstaff(seelistonpage37)werepublishedduringtheyear.

Both research and contract assignmentsResearchanddevelopmentprogrammesformthebasisofIVL’sac-tivities.Thecompany’sresearchisfinancedpartlybyjointfundingfromtheSwedishgovernmentandtheSwedishbusinesssector,and

partlythroughgrantaidfurnishedbynationalresearchbodies,re-searchfoundationsandtheEU.

Contractassignmentsincludebothshort-termconsultancy,andmorecomprehensivenationalandinternationalresearchanddevel-opmentassignments.

ThepurposeofthisjointlyfinancedresearchistopursueissuesthatareofmajorimportancetoSwedishbusinessandareofgeneralrelevancetothecommunity.Intheseinstances,thefinancecontrib-utedbythebusinesssectorismatchedbypublicfunds.In2009,thestate,throughtheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyandtheSwedishResearchCouncilforEnvironment,AgriculturalScienc-esandSpatialPlanning(FORMAS),allocatedthecompanyresearchanddevelopmentfundingofSEK30millionagainstacommitmentbybusinessstakeholderstoallocateanequivalentamount.

Six priority areasResearch and contract assignments are undertaken in the priori-tised thematicareasofClimateandenergy,Sustainablebuilding,Resource-efficientproductsandwaste,Sustainableproduction,Wa-ter,andAirandtransport.Thesearedescribedinfurtherdetailonpages8-13.

Knowledge communicationApartfromitsseriesofpublishedreportsandarticlesinscientificjournals,IVLdisseminatesknowledgethroughlecturesandpartici-pationinseminars.Inaddition,itholdsitsowncoursesandsemi-narsunderthebannerofIVLKnowledgeforprofessionalsintheareaofenvironmentandsustainabledevelopment.

Networks and cooperationIVLisamemberofaseriesofresearchnetworks–includingtheEuropeanNetworkofEnvironmentalResearchOrganisations(EN-ERO)–andenjoysclosecooperationwithuniversitiesandinstitutes

This is IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute


5ivl

oftechnology.TogetherwiththeRoyalInstituteofTechnology,Stock-holm(KTH),ithasestablishedtheCentreforSustainableDevelop-ment(CHU),whichisconductinganumberofprojectsinthearea,andalsoownsandoperatestheHammarbySjöstadsverkpilotandtestfacility.IVLcooperateswithChalmersUniversityofTechnology,Gothenburg(CTH)withintheframeworkoftheCentreforEnviron-mentalAssessmentofProductsandMaterialSystems(CPM).

LaboratoriesIVLAnalysisperformsadvancedchemicalanalysesinitsownaccred-itedlaboratories,whilenewtechnologiesformoreresource-efficientproductionaredevelopedintheexperimentallaboratory.

The internal environment laboratory is equipped with theresourcesandequipmentfortheadvancedanalysisofemissions,particulates,asbestosandanumberofdifferentmicroorganisms,notablymould.

TogetherwithKTH,IVLalsoownsandoperatesHammarbySjös-tadsverk,auniquepilotand test facility foradvancedwastewatertreatmenttechnology.

Long international experienceIVLisnotjustakeyplayerin‘EnvironmentSweden’,butalsohasalongtraditionofactivityintheinternationalarena.Forexample,thecompanyhasbeeninChinaforalmost25years,andisalsoworkingoncontractsintherestofAsia,aswellasinEurope,Africa,andSouthAmerica.

Environment and quality

IVLdealswithenvironmentalandqualitymatters,aswellasworkenvironmentissues,withintheframeworkofanintegratedmanage-mentsystem,whichhasbeenawardedenvironmentalcertificationunderISO14001andqualitycertificationunderISO9001:2000.

OrganisationIVLhasbeenpartlyreorganisedsince1February.Thenewstructureincludesfourproductionunits,anadministrativeunit,andunitsforresearch,businessdevelopmentandmarket.AllunitsworktogetherwithinthesixthematicareasthatalsocompriseIVL’smarketoffer.

Climate and energy

Thematic areas

Nat

ural

Res

ourc

es &

Env

iron

men

tal E

ffec

ts

Air

Pol

lutio

n &

Aba

tem

ent S

trat

egie

s

Clim

ate

& S

usta

inab

le C

ities

Air and transport

Water

Sustainable building

Sustainable production

Resource-efficient products and waste

Units

Res

earc

h

Bus

ines

s D

evel

opm

ent &

Mar

ketin

g

Sust

aina

ble

Org

anis

atio

ns, P

rodu

cts

& P

roce

sses

Organisation chart

Jointly-financed research offers double benefitsResearchanddevelopmentformthebasisofIVL’sactivities.Thiscloseassociationbetweenresearchandcontractsiswhatenablesustoofferourcustomersadvan-tagesthatotherconsultancieslack.

Partofthecompany’sprogrammesconsistsofjointly-financedresearch–auniqueformoffinancingavailabletopri-

vatecompaniesandorganisations,whichcan have 50 percent of their researchcostscoveredprovidedthattheresearchisofsignificantinteresttobusinessandofgeneralrelevancetothecommunity.Inprinciple,thefindingsofjointly-financedresearcharealwayspublic.

This mechanism enables privatecompaniesandorganisations toobtainassistance in developing cost-effective

solutionstoproblemsrelatingtotheenvi-ronmentandsustainabledevelopment.

In 2009, the Swedish governmentallocated SEK30 million to jointly-financedresearchthroughtheSwedishResearchCouncilforEnvironment,Agri-cultural Sciences and Spatial Planning(FORMAS) and the Swedish Environ-mentalProtectionAgency.


6 commentary

Duringmostofthe1980s,theenvironmentaldebateinSwedenandEuropewasdominatedbytheissueofacidification,whichmanypoli-ticiansdescribedasthegreatestenvironmentalproblemofourtime.Thewarningsignsweremanyandcomprehensive–thescenariowasdominatedbylakeswithoutfishlife,damagedforests,soilacidifica-tionandacidifiedgroundwater.

Thedebateconcerningtheimportanceofremedialactionwasalsointensive.Thepowerindustryinmanycountriesmaintainedthatthiswouldbetooexpensiveandtherewasalsostrongresistancetomeas-uresproposedtolimitemissionsfromtransport.Today,20-30yearslater,manyobserversconsidertheacidificationissuetobedead.Andsoitistoalargeextentintermsofbothpoliticaldebateandmediainterest.

Acidification research, like other studies of transboundaryatmosphericpollution,haveyieldedresults.SulphuremissionsinEuropehavefallenbyover80percent(andbymorethan90per-centinmanycountries),whileemissionsofnitrogenoxideswillsoonhavedecreasedby50percent.Moreover,emissionscontinuetofallthankstonewstandardsandremedialaction,despitetheabsenceofanimpellingdebate.Today,jointactionisdrivenprimarilybytheeffectsoftheemissionsonhealth.Inaddition,negotiationsregard-ing further reductions are takingplacewithinboth theEuropean Commission and the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP).

Given the repercussions that followed Copenhagen, and thecredibility problems accompanying both the scientific basis andinternationalcooperation,Ibelievethatthereisreasontoreflectonwhathasmadeairqualityprogrammessosuccessfulandwhetherweinvolvedinclimateactivitieshavesomethingtolearnfromthem.However,beforecontinuing,IwouldemphasisethatIamfullyawarethatclimateissuespresentaproblemofacompletelydifferentordercomparedwith environmentalprotection.Andalthoughcompari-

sonsmustbemadewithcaution,Ineverthelessbelievethatthelatterareaofferssomeexperiencethatisuseful.

WeatIVL,andIpersonally,havefollowedairqualityprogrammescloselyandveryactivelyeversincetheirinception.Thefirstexperi-encethatIwouldliketoquotefromthisareaisthattheprocesswasatleastasimportantastheresult.Twosignificantworkingprocessesthatdifferfromthoseintheclimateareaweredevelopedatanearlystage.Thefirstwasthatthescientificworkofdevelopingadecision-makingbasiswasatalltimesacentralelementoftheworkoftheconventionitself.Communicationrelatingtomajorresearchintotheinteractionbetweenemissionsandtheireffects,aswellasthecondi-tionsandcostofactionprogrammes,tookplacedirectlyatthenego-tiatingtable.Weresearcherswereable,onacontinuousbasis,tosubmitdocumentationintheformofsummaries,conceptsandcal-culations.Theprocesswasalsotransparenttotheextentthatmodelsanddatawerecontinuallyavailableforscrutiny.

Thesecondexperienceisthatthetechnicalworkoftheconventionwaslargelydecentralisedtovariousworkinggroupsthatmetandworkedoutsideofthedirectnegotiations.Theadvantageofthiswasthat technical issues remained technical and non-political, apartfromsomeissuesofprinciple.

NowthatIhavebeenabletofollowinternationalclimatenegotia-tionsforanumberofyearsinmycapacityasdirectoroftheclimatepolicyprogramme,Clipore,itiscleartomethatIPCC,whoselaud-ableaimistopresentindependentresultswithoutanypoliticalbiashas,despiteall,becomepoliticised.Furthermore,IPCCisananony-mousbodyinthattheresearchersbehindtheresultsarelargelyinvis-ibleintheclimatenegotiationcontext.Climatenegotiatorsknowone,orjustafew,oftheleadingfigureswithinIPCC,aswellasafewoftheirownnationalexperts.Inthisrespect,theanonymityoftheresearchimpairscredibility.

Iseeasimilarprobleminrelationtotechnicalbasisactivitiesinthata largenumberofsub-groupsarecurrentlymeetingwhilethemajornegotiationsessionsareunderway–similartowhathap-penedattheCOP15meetinginCopenhagen.Clearerseparationofthetechnicalworkincommittees,whichworkmoreindependently,wouldprobablysimplifytheactivityandreducetheriskofnegotiatingmoreorlessaboutphysicalconstants.

Thereareseveralotherissuesthatareworthconsideringfromacomparativeperspective.Oneofthemostimportantisthatactiontakenwithintheframeworkofinternationalagreementsingeneralshouldbecomecheaperandachievegreateracceptancewhenimple-mentedthanwhennegotiated.

Ihopethatthecurrentreviewofthenegotiationprocesswithintheclimateareawillnotonlyexaminethetechnicalissuesrelatingtotheassuranceofscientificcredibility,butwillalsoincludethesome-what‘softer’issuesthatwillhelptoestablishgreatertrustbetweentheresearchandpoliticalspheres.Thesignificantpotentialandpow-erofinternationalnegotiationshasbeendemonstratedparticularlybyactivitiesintheareasofacidificationandairquality.

Moreover,boththepoliticalandscientificworldsaregenerallyagreedontheseriousnessoftheclimateproblemandontheneedforaction.Ibelievethatthesystemofinternationalnegotiationneedstoseekotherformsofcooperationbetweennegotiatorsandresearch-ers,businessandvariousorganisations.

Peringe Grennfelt

Senior Advisor, IVL and Director, Clipore

Much to be learned from successful international air quality programmes!

IPCC is an anonymous body in that

the researchers behind the results are

largely invisible in the climate negotiation context

My first experience of the air quality area was that the process was at least as

important as the result


7ivl


8 thematic areas

IVL’swateractivities include theareaasawhole,includingboththelimneticandma-rineenvironments,groundwaterandstormwater.Theworkextendstoallaspectsfromtheidentificationofsourcesandsamplingtothedevelopmentofmeasurementmethods,warningsystems,riskanalysis,andpollutiontransportmodelling.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingdemandforholisticanal-ysistakingaccountofeffectsontheecosys-tem,aswellasonthepubliceconomy.

Weworkonprojectsofferingopportuni-tiesofdevelopingtoolstosupportplanningand adaptation to the new environmentalstandardsapplying,amongotherthings,tothe implementationof theEuropeanCom-munity Regulation, REACH (Registration,Evaluation,AuthorisationandrestrictionofCHemical substances), and the EUWaterFrameworkDirective.Anotheraspect is toexaminehowindustrycanreducewatercon-sumptionwhileminimisingtheemissionofchemicalstotheenvironment.

Climate-related water managementIVL prioritises research directed towardsgreater understanding of processes thatarecriticaltowaterquantityandquality inthecontextofafutureclimate.Thisinvolvesthedevelopmentofmodelsandtoolsforas-sessingecologicalstatus, theeffectsofac-tionprogrammes,exploitation,andclimatechange.

Prioritised substances and ‘new’ chemicalsApriorityareaatbothnationalandEuropeanlevel,thisisrelatedtobothREACHandtheEUWaterFrameworkDirective.IVLsurveysemissions, dispersion paths and levels ofchemicals in various parts of ecosystems,both by measurement and using models.Screeningiscarriedouttodemonstratetheoccurrenceof‘new’chemicalsintheenviron-ment.Weperformriskassessmentsbasedontheusesandpropertiesofchemicals,andtheiroccurrenceintheenvironment.

Baltic Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat OurSwedishseasandcoastalareasareaf-fectedbydifficultenvironmentalproblemsintheformofeutrophication,theeffectsofenvironmental toxins, the risk of oil spills,andexploitationofcoastalzones.TheBalticSeaisalsoapilotareafortheEU’smarinestrategy.To IVL, theongoingdevelopmentof researchaimedatquantifyingemissionsources, and thecausesof eutrophicationandenvironmentaltoxins,areofhighprior-ity.Wealsoanalysepossiblecoursesofac-tion,bothonlandandinthereceptor,anddevelopmethods of assessing the cost-ef-fectivenessofcorrectivemeasures.

Water

IVL hosted the European Affairs ministers of the 27 EU mem-ber states on board the research vessel Sunbeam at the end of September 2009. On that occasion, IVL’s Sam Ekstrand

reported on a highly topical research project designed to reduce eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. The project team is testing a method of trapping phosphorus leakage from

agricultural land using clay pellet filters.

Trapping phosphorus leakage to protect the BalticTheleakageofnutrientsfromagriculturallandissignificantandisaf-fectingtheBalticSeaseverelyintheformofeutrophicationanddeadseabedzones.In2009,IVLundertookanewandnotableresearchprojecttoalleviatetheeutrophicationproblemsintheBalticSea.Thepurposeofthisistodevelopmethodsoftrappingleakagephospho-rusfromfarmlandinditchdamsandditchfiltersclosetothesource,beforethepollutionreachesmajorwatercoursesandtheBalticSea.

Laboratorytrialscarriedoutalreadyindicatethatitmaybepos-sibletoreducephosphorusleakagefromagriculturallandbyupto40percent.Asafurtherbenefit,itshouldbepossibletoreturnthetrappedphosphorustotheland.

Inthefirstphaseoftheproject,IVLwillstudythefiltermaterialsthataremosteffectiveinreducingphosphorusunderthemostcommonsoilandfertilisationconditions,howthewaterflowshouldberegu-latedandtheretentionpotentialoftheditchdams.Amongotheraspects,theprojectteamwillalsoexaminethepossibilitiesofapply-ingthetechnologyonawiderscaleinotherBalticStates,especiallyPolandandRussia,andwillsurveythepotentialoverallreductionofphosphorusdischargestotheBalticSea.Thepotentialformarketingthefiltermaterialwillalsobeexamined.

Theproject isbeingconductedwithintheframeworkof IVL’sjointly-fundedresearchprogrammes,withsupportfromtheBalticSea2020Foundation.

contact: anna jöborn, director, natural resources & environmental effects

Photo: Gunnar Seijbold/Regeringskansliet

9


thematic areas

Climate and energy

Climateandenergy isawideareathat im-pingesonmanyaspectsofIVL’sactivities.Re-searchintheareaisfoundedmainlyonnatu-ralsciences,engineering,andeconomics.Inrecentyears,thecompanyhasstrengtheneditsexpertiseintheareabyappointingsoci-ologistsandvulnerabilityanalysts.

Theactivity is focusedoncommunica-tion,policyissuesandcontrolmechanismsfor limitinggreenhousegas emissions, aswell as on the analysis of causal relation-shipsandtheconsequencesofachangedclimate.Theissueofadaptationtoclimatechangewillbecomeincreasinglyimportant,andwehavefocusedparticularlyonprojectsdealing with vulnerability, risk and conse-quence analyses, aswell as the interpreta-tionandapplicationofclimatescenarios.

Policy issues, control mechanisms and decision support systemsThefocusoftheactivityisonclimatecom-munication,aswellasonthedevelopment

andconsequenceanalysisofvariouscontrolanddecision support systems for limitinggreenhousegas emissions,withparticularemphasisonemissions trading.Theactiv-ityisbasedonClipore,theMISTRAclimatepolicy research programme, in which IVLplaysaleadingrole.

Causal relationships and environ-mental consequences of a changed climateIVL’s research into the environmental con-sequencesofclimatechangeisfocusedoninteractions between ecosystems (forest,soilandsurfacewater),airpollutionandcli-mate.Forexample,airpollutioncanreducethegreenhouseeffectaswellasreinforcingit.IVLisalsoaparticipantinArcRisk,theEUprojectfocusingonhowclimatechangewillaffect the transport andeffectsof environ-mentaltoxinsintheArctic.

Development of energy systems andactiontoreducegreenhousegasemissions

AsignificantpartofIVL’sclimateactivitiesisfocusedonactiontoensuretheefficientutilisationofprimaryenergyresourcesandthereductionofgreenhousegasemissions.Thisinvolvesthedevelopment,analysisandenvironmentalassessmentofallorpartofvarious energy systems, of which systemanalysisofbioenergyisakeyelement.

Adaptation to climate changeAlthough this area is still under develop-ment,workisinprogress,forexamplewithinClimate and Energy Systems, the Nordicproject inwhichIVLiscarryingoutacasestudyofhowabiofuel-poweredCHPplantmaybeaffectedbyclimatechange.

Climate Account calculates individual greenhouse gas emissionsClimateAccountisaneasy-to-usetoolthatcalculatesanindividual’sclimatefootprintduetoemissionsofcarbondioxide,methaneanddinitrogenoxide,intheformofGWP(GlobalWarmingPotential)froma100-yearperspective.

Thefocusisontheindividual’sconsumptionofgoods,aswellashisorherlivingandtravelpatterns,basedonSwedishconditionsinalife-cyclecontext.Thismeansthataccountistakenofallstagesofprod-uctlifecycle,fromtheextractionofnaturalrawmaterials,suchasoilorironore,untilthetimethattheproductsarerecycled,incineratedorcon-signedtolandfill.Emissionsfromtheentireproductlifecycleareconsid-ered,regardlessofwhethertheseoriginateinSwedenorelsewhere.

TheusercanobtainaquickindicationofhisorherstatusrelativetotheSwedishaverageandtoasustainablelevel.Thetoolalsoprovides

morebasicinformationandhintsonhowemissionscanbereduced,andontheeffectsofcontrolmechanismsonthepopulation’semis-sionsofgreenhousegases.

ClimateAccountwasdevelopedbyIVLincooperationwith,andwithfinancialsupportfrom,stakeholdersincludingE.ON,FuturaFoun-dation,Skanska,SwedishSocietyforNatureConservation(SSNC),ChurchofSweden,SwedishEngineers’EnvironmentalFund,CityofStockholm,andCityofGothenburg.Theweb-basedtoolisalsoavail-ableinseveralcustomisedversionswhich,inadditiontothefore-goingcompaniesandorganisations,areusedbyanumberoflocalauthorities.

IVLhadtheopportunityofdemonstratingClimateAccountatseveralministerialmeetingsandotherinternationaleventsassoci-atedwithSweden’sEUpresidencyin2009.

Climate Account is an example of climate and environmental communication developed by IVL.

We also develop bases for climate declarations and carbon footprints.

contact: anna jarnehammar, director, climate & sustainable cities


10 thematic areas

Air and transport

From knowledge of emissions to estimating cost of actionIVLpersonnelwithmeasuringequipmentaretobeseenonvesselsinGothenburgport.Overtheyears,IVLresearchershavedevelopedinternationalleading-edgecompetenceinemissionsfrommarinetraf-fic.Theirresearchhasprovidedavaluablebasisfordevelopinghigher-qualityemissiondata,forexamplefromthemovementsofvesselsinport,butalsointermsoftheefficiencyofvariousmeasures.Thismayapply,forexample,tohowdifferentgradesoffuelaffectparticulateemissions.MuchofthisresearchiscarriedoninclosecooperationwithChalmerswhere,incidentally,IVL’sErikFridellhasbeenadjunctprofessorofmarineenvironmentaltechnologysincetheendof2008.

Overtheyears,IVLhasplayedaleadinginternationalroleinthemonitoringofwhatarecommonly knownas real-world emissionsfromtransport.Withthatexperience,wehavebeenabletofurtherrefineemissiondatathatcanbeusedtoanalysethepossibleeffectsofdifferenttransportandlogisticssolutionsonhumanhealthandtheenvironment.

Emissionsofbothgreenhousegasesandatmosphericpollutantsfromtransportcontinuetoincreasedespitewide-rangingeffortsbyboththecorporateandpublicsectortodeveloplessenvironmen-tallyharmfultransportsystems.Bothmarket-drivenbasesforactionandopportunitiesforcompaniestoobtaininformationabouttheeffectivenessofthemeasuresthatareimplemented(whichareoftenofalong-termnature)arelackingatpresent.Asaresult,toolsandsupportforanalysingenvironmentalandclimateimpactareneededbothintheareasofgoodsandpassengertransport.

Actinginclosecooperationwithpotentialpurchasers,suchasgoodsownersandhaulagecompanies,IVLispursuingthedevelop-mentofthetypeoftoolsthatwill,firstly,reporttheextraneousover-headsofacompany’stransportoperationsand,secondly,provideanideaofthecost-effectivenessofthemeasuresthatthecompanycanimplement.Extraneousoverheadsincludecostsduetofactorssuchasairpollution,climatechange,noise,effectsonsoil,waterandnature,trafficcongestion,andaccidents.

IVL researchers deal with all aspects of transport and the environment. Emissions from marine traffic is one area in which they possess international leading-edge

competence.

Researchintoairpollutionandthedevelop-mentofactionstrategiesisoneoftheareasinwhichIVLbothhasalongtraditionandwide-ranging competence. In recent years,apart fromour regular air qualitymonitor-ingactivities,wehaveworkedintensivelyonresearchanddevelopmentinthetransportarea, focusing on the environmental andclimateaspects.Thisincludesthedevelop-mentofmodelsandtoolsforanalysingtheenvironmental and climate impact of vari-oustransportandlogisticssolutions.

Air qualityThefocusisonstudiesrelatingtotheEU’sAirQualityDirectiveandtheSwedishEnvi-ronmentalObjectives (CleanAir).Thepol-lutantsunderstudyarenitrogenoxidesandparticulates,includingparticle-borneorgan-icandinorganicsubstances.

Exposure and ecosystem effects of air pollutantsResearch under this programme is con-cernedmainlywithdose-effectrelationshipsandtheirinteractionwithotherfactors,suchas climate and land use. The pollutantsinvolved are acidifying and eutrophyingsubstances, tropospheric ozone, mercuryand organic environmental toxins. Typicalprojects undertaken in 2009 include theEUprojectImpact of Climate Change on the Quality of Urban and Coastal Waters – Dif-fuse Pollution (diPol).

Clean air strategiesFocusingonboth local and large-scaleen-vironmentalandhealthproblems,thissub-programmeincludesboththedevelopmentof methods of assessing non-technical is-sues,theevaluationofcontrolmechanisms

and thedevelopmentofmonitoringmeth-ods.TheresearchisbasedinIVL’sparticipa-tioninSCARP (Swedish Clean Air Research Programme) and the further developmentofGAINSasan integratedmodel forcost-effectiveactionandeffectsintheairqualityandclimatearea.

Emissions from transport, and effects of transport and logistics solutionsInthisarea,thefocusisontheharmonisa-tionandreliabilityofemissionmodelsandemissionsdata in the transport sector, aswellastheconsequences,fromlocaltoglo-balscale,ofvarioustransportandlogisticssolutionsbothintermsoftheirimpactonenvironmentandhealth,andonpublicandcorporatefinances.

contact: karin sjöberg, director, air pollution & abatement strategies

Photo: Per Westergård

11thematic areas

SustainablebuildingistheIVLareaofopera-tionthataffectsmostpartsofthecommunity,althoughthebuildingandpropertysectoristheprimarymarket.Sincethissectoraccountsforahighproportionofsociety’senvironmen-talfootprint–notleastintermsoftheutilisa-tionofresources,energyandchemicals–thepotentialforchangeissignificant.IVL’sroleistoworktocreatesociallyandeconomicallysustainable built environments, includinggood,healthyinternalenvironments.Amongotherthings,thismeansthatwewillworkto:•reduce flows of scarce resources in the

builtenvironment;•reducethespreadofmaterialsthathave

anadverseeffectontheinternalorexter-nalenvironment,oronthepeoplethatliveandworkinthem.

Sustainable urban buildingThisheadingcoversprojectsthatarefocused,atamoregenerallevel,ontheentireplanning

andbuildingprocessforurbanenvironmentandinfrastructuraldevelopment,bothinrela-tiontonewconstructionand,notleast,therefurbishmentofexistingenvironments.Dis-persion models for allergensisanexampleoftheprojectsthatwereundertakenin2009.Atpresent,nodataisavailableforthedispersionofequineallergens,whichisafactorofimpor-tanceinplanningapplicationsandconditionsforbuildinginthevicinityofstudfarmsandstablesinbuilt-upareas.

Reducing use and exposure to hazardous substances This area of activity includes projects de-signed to reduce the inflow of hazardoussubstancesintobuildingmaterials,reducetheriskofexposurewhenusingnewprod-uctscontaininghazardoussubstances,andreducetherisksinvolvedindemolitionandrebuilding, aswell as in surveying and re-mediatingcontaminatedsoil.In2009,the

BASTA system for phasing out hazardoussubstances inbuildingproductswas com-plementedwithariskinformationmodule.

Energy-efficient and climate-adapted building with good indoor environmentInthisarea,IVLconductsprojectsfocusedonefficientenergyutilisationwithreducedglo-balorlocalenvironmentalimpact,includingemissionsofgreenhousegases,aswellasahigherproportionofrenewableenergyformsinbuildings.Wealsoundertakeprojectsdeal-ingwithconstruction,infrastructureandotherurbanplanninginthecontextofachangedcli-mate.Projectscarriedoutinthisareain2009included Influence of building structures on the indoor environment,whichisdesignedtoestablishsystemsformonitoringtheeffectsofdampinbuildingsontheindoorenviron-ment,aswellasvarioustechniquesforcor-rectingdamagecausedbydamp.

Sustainable building

IVL has developed various tools to help players in the building sector to reduce

their environmental and climate footprint.

IVL provides building sector with tools for sustainable developmentInrecentyears,IVLhasdevelopedaseriesoftoolstoassistplayersinthebuildingandpropertysectortoreducetheirenvironmentalandclimatefootprint.KnownasAnavitor,oneofthesehasrecentlybecomehighlyattractivetothegrowingcorpsofplayersinthebuildingandpropertysectorinvolvedinpreparingclimatedeclarations,performingclimatecalculationsoranxioustooffertheircustomersclimatecompensation.

The tool calculates life-cyclecosts (LCC)andperforms life-cycleanalysis(LCA)fortheSwedishbuildingmarketonthebasisofinforma-tionalreadyavailablefrombusinesssystems,CADsystemsorproduc-tioncostings.Thisinformationcanthenbeusedtocalculatetheenvi-ronmentalloadingofabuildingstructureoveritsentirelife.Ifrequired,acompanycanobtainareportclassifyingtheenvironmentalimpactbycategory,suchasoperation,maintenance,dismantling,buildingcom-ponents,environmentalclassetc.

Interest is alsogrowing in thedevelopmentof life-cycledataformajorconstructionandinfrastructuralprojects.Atpresent,thisappliestotheproductionofenvironmentalandenergydataforentireinfrastructures,includingroads,railways,bridges,tunnels,station

installationsandgoodshandlingterminals.In2009,forexample,IVLdevelopedsystemanalysesfortheentireSwedishrailinfrastruc-tureonbehalfoftheBothniaLineandtheformerSwedishNationalRailAdministration(Banverket),whichisnowpartoftherecentlyestablishedSwedishTransportAdministration.

TheBASTAsystemisatooldevelopedbyIVLincollaborationwithmajorsectionsofthebuildingsector,andismanagedbyacompanynowownedjointlybyIVLandtheSwedishConstructionFederation.Initiatedasaresearchproject,BASTAhassincebeendevelopedintoafunction-ingmarketplaceforenvironmentallycompatiblebuildingmaterials.Atpresent,thesystemcoversover7,700productscomplyingwithitsstrictenvironmentalstandards,makingitthebiggestsystemonthemarketforenvironmentallycompatibleproductspecification.

ThebasicconceptunderlyingBASTAisthatthematerialsuppliersreg-istertheproductsthatcomplywithstrictstandardsintermsofchemicalcontent.SincethesystemcriteriaarebasedontheEuropeanCommunityRegulation,REACH,BASTAisapracticaltoolthatenablesmaterialmanu-facturers,suppliersandpurchasersaliketocomplywithitsprovisions.

contact: anna jarnehammar, director, climate & sustainable cities

Photo: Jan Westerlund


12


thematic areas

Sustainable production

IVL’s work environment researchers have studied the most effective way of protecting welders from unneces-

sary exposure to welding fumes.

ActivitiesintheareaofSustainableProduc-tionareverycomprehensive,coveringevery-thingfromenvironmentalengineeringsolu-tionstoorganisationalmeasuresdesignedtocreateagoodworkenvironment,effectiveenvironmental management and the soci-etalaspectsofanoperation,somethingthataffectsworkingconditionsbothinacompa-ny’sownfacilitiesandthoseofitssuppliers.

TheobjectiveofSustainableProductionactivitiesistomeettheneedsofcompaniesfor expertise in analysing and developingoperations and production activities thatcomplywithenvironmentalandworkenvi-ronment standards, while improving thecompany’sprofitabilityandcreatingmarketopportunitiesforit.

IVLhasaverylongtraditioninthisareaandisworkingcloselywithaseriesofcom-panies and industries to develop systemsfor cost-effective environmental engineer-ingsolutions,technicalandorganisationalmeasuresdesigned tocreateagoodwork

environment and effective environmentalmanagement.

Environmental engineering exper-tise for process optimisationThe need to streamline production is con-siderable,especiallyinviewofinternationalcompetitioninmanyindustries.Asaresult,itisimportanttodevelopnew,andoptimiseexisting,productionengineeringsolutionsintermsofenvironment,productquality,mate-rialandenergyutilisation,costs,andsocietalaspects.Improvementsshouldbedevelopedwithalife-cycleperspectiveofboththeenvi-ronmentalandeconomicaspects.

Environment and work environme-nt important elements of corporate managementSustainableworkinglifemeansthatproduc-tionisbasedonprocessesthatdonotharmthosewhoperformthem,andthatalsofacili-tatetheinvolvementanddedicationofthe

employees.Sustainableenterpriseisaboutmethods of environmental managementandsustainabledevelopment.Thesemeth-ods,includingasustainablecorporatework-inglife,arealsobeingdeveloped,evaluatedandimplementedinthearea.

Tomorrow’s products and systemsTheareaincludesworkonthedevelopmentofabasisthatwillhelpcompaniestostrategi-callyplantheirenvironmentalprogrammes.Also included is the development of newproducts and services for sustainable pro-duction,andtheuseoftheseinthecompa-nies’domesticmarkets,aswellastherapidlygrowing export market for environmentaltechnologyandenvironmentallycompatibleproducts. In2009, theverificationofenvi-ronmentaltechnologywasanimportantis-sue, aswereothermethodsofpromotinginnovationinthefield.

Sustainable development assumes good work environmentTwoindependentstudiescarriedoutbyIVLworkenvironmentre-searchersyieldedsimilarfindingstotheeffectthatbreathingequip-mentdoesnotalwaysprovidetheprotectionexpectedofit.

Oneofthestudiesdealtwithdisposablefiltermasks,half-maskrespiratorsandfan-suppliedrespiratorswithparticlefilters.Aseriesofabout80measurementswascarriedout,mainlyintheconstruc-tionandengineeringindustries,andtheresultsvariedwidelyregard-lessofthetypeofprotectionused.

Inthoseinstancesinwhichtheequipmentfailedtoprovidepro-tection,incorrectusewasfoundtobetheusualreason.Facialhair,oldanddefectivefilters,anddirtymaskswereamongthecausesidentified.Insomeinstances,userswerecleaningthedeviceswithavacuumcleanerorcompressedairinsteadofreplacingthefilters,causingthefilterstocrackandpermitparticleingress.

Thepurposeofthesecondstudyistoidentifythemosteffectivemethodof protectingwelders fromunnecessary exposure towelding fumes,basedonthefindingsofvisitstothosecompaniesthathavebeenmostsuccessfulinthearea.Somewhatsurprisingly,however,thisindicatedthatthemeasuresimplementedbythesecompanieswerestilllessthansatisfactory.Thereasonsforthiswereanalysedcarefully.Apartfromfac-torssuchasunder-designedventilationsystems,defectivehoses,modi-fiedexhaustnozzlesandincorrectlylocatedextractionbooms,thisstudyalsorevealedthatthemainproblemisinsufficientknowledge,especiallyofbreathingequipment,andhowitshouldbeusedandmaintained.

Sincemeasuresdoexistthatfunctionwellandcanreducetheexposureofthewelder,aswellashisorherworkmates,toweldingfumes,IVLiscontinuingonthisaswellasthebreathingequipmentproject.SupportedbyfundingfromAFAInsurance,IVL’sworkenvi-ronmentresearcherswilldevelopawebsiteprovidinginformationonhowtousebreathingequipment.Awebsiteforimprovingtheworkenvironmentinweldingoperationswillalsobesetup.

contact: elin eriksson, director, sustainable organisations, products & processes

Foto: Pär Fjällström

13


thematic areas

The overall thrust of the thematic area ofResource-efficientproductsandwasteistodevelopmethodsandtoolsforsustainableproducts and sustainable waste manage-ment,andtohelptoensurethattheseareadoptedbythecommunity.Anotherimpor-tant task is to identify both the obstaclesandopportunitiesassociatedwithproductsintended for sustainable development orsustainableconsumption.

IVLhasbeenworkingonmethodsdevel-opment and system analysis of productsandproductionprocessesforSwedishbusi-nessforover20years,andsystemanalysisandalife-cycleperspectivearenowthehall-marksofthecompany’sentireapproachandmodusoperandiinthearea.

Products for sustainable develop-ment in the community Thefocusisonconservingresourcesandre-ducingtheenvironmentalimpactofgoods,servicesandother technicalsystemsfrom

a life-cycleperspective. In2009,wemadeaparticularstudyofthefeasibilityofdevel-oping projects in the area of Sustainableconsumptionandproduction–anareapri-oritisedbytheEU.Thisincludesthedevelop-mentofmethodsandtoolsforquantifyingandcommunicatingtheenvironmentalper-formanceofproducts.

Prevention and management of waste Thisareaincludessystemanalyses,aswellasstudiesofwasteprevention,recyclingandwastemanagement,andthemanagementoflandfillsitesandleachate.IVLisleadingSustainablewastemanagement,amulti-yearresearchprogrammefundedbytheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Examplesof researchcarriedoutaspartof thispro-grammeincludetherecyclingofelectroniccomponents,plasticsandtextiles,aswellasbiologicalrecyclingintheformofcasestud-ies.Theworkenvironmentassociatedwith

thepreventionandmanagementofwaste,andthedevelopmentofsustainablewastemanagementandcycleactivities,areotheraspectsstudiedbyIVL.In2009,prioritywasgiventomeasuresforreducingtheworkloadinvolvedinrefusecollectionoperations.

Risk assessment of end-of-life products and wasteIVLdevelopsmethodsofsoilanalysis,riskassessmentandriskevaluationforthepur-poseofdevelopingactionprogrammesandsuitable remediation measures. In 2009,prioritywasgiven toeco-toxicological test-ing,amongotherthingstoprovideanalter-nativetosoiltestingandriskassessmentofmaterials.

Resource-efficient products and waste

Bringing together the complete recycling chain to in-crease plastics recyclingEnd-of-lifevehiclesandelectronicproductsarecollectedalloverEurope.Thesearedismantledandsortedinamannerthatensuresthedestruc-tion,oftoxicsubstances.However,whereasglassandmetalsarerecov-eredandrecycledtomakenewproducts,plasticsareaccumulatedintherecyclingplantsinrapidlygrowingstockpilesofwhatareknownasstructuralplastics.Possessinggoodlong-termproperties,thesemateri-alsshouldbeverysuitableformakingnewvehicleorelectroniccompo-nents;however,theyarenotbeingusedforthispurpose.

TogetherwiththeRoyalInstituteofTechnology,(KTH),IVLisconductingtheEQP(EcoQualityPolymer)researchprojectfinancedbyFORMAS.Amongotheraims,EQPisdesignedtoexaminewhythemarketforrecycledplasticsisnotworkingandtoproposesolu-tionsfortheefficientrecyclingofstructuralplastics.

Thefirststepintheprojectwastogathertogetherrepresenta-tivesofthecompleterefinementchain.Themeetingwasattendedbyrepresentativesofthevehicleindustry(VolvoandSaab),theplastics

industry(PolykemiAB),andtherecyclingindustry(Swerec,Stena,Interseroh,El-kretsen,andtheSwedishRecyclingIndustries’Asso-ciation).Otherparticipantsincludedanumberoftradeassociations,suchastheSwedishCarRecyclersAssociation(SBR)andBILSwe-den.Theinterestingaspectwasthatnoneoftheseplayershadeversataroundthesametabletodiscusscommonmatters.

Allflows,aswellasthequantitiesandtypesofplasticinvolved,arechartedaspartofEQP,fromthepointthatthematerialbecomespart of the relevant product until it reaches its final destination.IssuessuchasthequalityassuranceofrecycledplasticrawmaterialsandallmattersassociatedwiththeconceptofDesignforrecyclingareamongotherimportantaspects.

Theoverallaimoftheprojectistoincreasetherecyclingofplasticsfromcarsandelectronics,andtoincreasetheproportionofrecycledplasticsintheproducts–inotherwords,toclosetheplasticscycle.

TheEQPprojectillustrates,withunusualclarity,IVL’suniquecom-petenceintermsofsystemandlife-cycleperspectives,aswellasitsroleasabridgebuilderbetweenthird-levelresearchandbusiness.

Why is the market for recycled structural plastics not working? That was the basic question when IVL undertook the EQP

research project. The work illustrates how IVL functions as a neutral meeting place, in this case for players in a complete

refinement chain.

contact: elin eriksson, director, sustainable organisations, products & processes

Photo: Jan Westerlund


14 climate negotiations

IVLresearchersandexpertswereinvolvedinseveraldifferentcon-texts,rangingfromtheproductionofemissionsdataandtheestab-lishmentofdecision-makingbases,toholdingseminarsforthedel-egates.TheseseminarswereheldeitherwithintheUNframeworkorinthespecialEUpavilion.

IVL expert contributes to climate negotiationsThroughout2009,IVLresearcherKarinKindbom,onbehalfoftheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency, tookpart in theUN’sclimatenegotiationactivities,culminatingintheCOP15meetinginCopenhagenduringanintensiveperiodinDecember.Herassign-mentwastocompiledocumentationandviewpointspriortothenegotiations,andalsotoobserveandanalysethetrendinthene-gotiationstatus.Theworkinvolvedthecoordinationandplanningofvariousmatters,bothwithinSwedenandtheEU,aspartofoneoftheexpertgroupsunderWPIEI-CC(Working Party on International Environmental Issues – Climate Change),theEUCouncil’sworkinggrouponclimateissues.DuringtheSwedishEUpresidencyinthesecondhalfof2009,Karin,togetherwiththeSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyrepresentative,workedasamemberoftheEU’s

expertgrouponreportingissues.ThegroupmonitoredthenegotiationsandpreparedtheEU’snegotiatingpositionsinterms,forexample,ofcriteriaandrulesforinventorying,re-porting,monitoringandinspectingtheparticipatingnations’greenhousegasemissions.ThegroupalsoworkedonissuesrelatingtodefinitionsandthefuturecontentofMRV(Meas-urable,Reportable,Verifiable),akeyconceptintroduceddur-ingtheBalinegotiationsin2007.

Optimistic 2050 energy scenario for Sweden Swedishemissionsofcarbondioxidecanbereducedby70percentbe-tween2007and2050whilemaintainingeconomicgrowthandusingcurrentlyknowntechnology–andby80percentifcarbondioxidestor-age(CCStechnology)isalsoadopted.ThiswasthemessagefromIVL’sLarsZetterbergtotheCopenhagennegotiatorsatoneoftheseminarsinwhichIVLwasinvolvedduringCOP15.OrganisedinpartnershipwiththeSwedishMinistryoftheEnvironment,theseminarwasen-titledGetting serious about 2030 targetsanddealtwiththeproblemofsettingtargetsnowfor2020whileestablishinglong-termincentivesforacomprehensivereductioningreenhousegasemissions.

Thescenariowasadevelopmentofthenoteworthyenergysce-nariopresentedattheIVLconferenceinMay2009.Thisexaminedthefeasibilityofachievingasignificantreductionincarbondioxideemissionswiththeaidofcurrentlyknowntechnologyandintensiveutilisationofbioenergy–adevelopmentwhich,inturn,assumesahighlevelofutilisationoffellingwasteandforestryby-productsforenergypurposes.AccordingtotheestimatesoftheSwedishForestAgency,thiswouldbefeasiblewithoutjeopardisingtheavailabilityofforestrawmaterialsforboththepulpandpaperindustry,andforthesawmillingandwoodproductsindustry.

IVL and the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference

During2009,particularlyduringthesecondhalfofthe

yearwhenSwedenassumedtheEUpresidency,IVLwas

involvedinpreparationsforCOP15,theUNClimate

ChangeConference,whichwasheldinCopenhagenin

December.

Karin Kindbom

Reliable reporting is key“Ourworkofmeasuringatmosphericemissions,anddevelopingemissionfactorsandmethodsofinventoryingsourcesandpollut-antsofvarioustypes,hasgivenusasignificantbodyofknowledgeaboutenvironmentalimpactinSweden.Withthisasbasis,wehavebeenable,byaprocessofsummary,evaluationandsynthesis,tocontributeactionproposals,aswellasabasisfordevelopinglegisla-tion,limitsand/orrecommendationsgoverningemissionlevels.

“Thisknowledge–whichwehavebuiltupover40yearsorso–hasbeen,andcontinuestobe,veryimportant.Thisisespeciallyapparentfromourexperienceoftheinternationalclimatenegoti-ations.Withoutmeticulousproceduresformeasuring,evaluatingand,inparticular,reportingemissionswereallydonotknowwhattheoutcomeofagreementswillbeinpractice.Areliableandrobustreportingsystemiskeytoaninternationalclimateagreementandformsthebasisforverifyingthatthepartiestoithonourtheircom-mitmentsundertheClimateConvention(UNFCCC)andtheKyotoProtocol.”

Karin Kindbom

works on the inventory-

ing and reporting of

greenhouse gases and

other atmospheric pol-

lutants with organisa-

tions including the

Swedish Environmental

Emissions Database

(SMED) (www.smed.

se), of which IVL is a

member.


15climate negotiations

CDM in China – Chinese and European perspectivesTogetherwiththeEuropeanCommission’sDirectorate-GeneralforExternalRelations(DGRelex),IVLheldaseminaronCDM(Clean Development Mechanism) inChina.CDMmaybedescribedasacollaborativemodeldefinedbytheUNClimateConventionandtheKyotoProtocolthatenablesconcretemeasurestobetakentoreducegreenhousegasemissionsininstanceswheretheeffectperunitofinvestmentisgreatest.Theseminarfocusedontechnologytransfer,theimpactofsustainabledevelopment,marketdevelopmentandpolicy.ThepresentationswerebasedontheresultsoftheEU-China CDM Facilitation Project ledbyIVL.

Climate justice and sustainable developmentTogetherwithActionforGlobalClimateCommunity,IVLpresentedamodel–aclimatecommunity–thatcanleadtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangewithintheframeworkofcontinuedeconomic

development.Theclimatecommunityconceptincludesopportuni-tiesandcriticalfactorsforincreasingtheinvolvementofChinaandIndiainclimatepolicy.

Technology transfer between EU and IndiaTheEuropean Business and Technology Centre (EBTC)inIndiawasthesubjectofyetanotherseminar.IVLisastakeholderinEBTC,whosemissionistoworktoincreasetheEU’senvironmentalengineeringtechnologytransfertoIndia,withthefocusonclimateimprovementmeasures.

Climate AccountDelegatesandothervisitorstotheCOP15negotiationswereinvitedtotheBellaCentretotestClimate Account–theIVL-developedtooldesignedtohelpindividualstoreducetheirclimatefootprint(seealsopage9).

IVL’s Philip Thörn (centre) took part in seminars on CDM in China and on global climate justice as part of the UN Climate Change Confer-ence in Copenhagen in December.

Photo: Charlotte Nilsson

Phot

o: ii

sd


16 ivl in china

Almost25yearshaveelapsedsincetheChineseambassadorinStock-holmunexpectedlycontactedIVLtodiscussalistofenvironmentalproblemsthatneededtobesolvedinTianjin.OnereasonwasthatTianjin,whichwasthenineffecttheportofBeijing,wasoneofthefewopencitiesinChinaatthetime,andthesevereenvironmentalissuesthatitwasobviouslyexperiencingwereprovinganobstacleinattractingforeigninvestors.

ThatIVLwasprivilegedtobeawardedthisassignmentwasduetothefacttheSwedenhadimpressedtheChineseasthehomeofactiveenvironmentalagencies,andthatIVLwasconsideredtobeintheabsoluteforefrontofappliedenvironmentalresearch.

SEC helps Swedish companies to penetrate Chinese marketTheresultofallthiswasavisitbyIVLtoTianjintomeetrepresentativesoftheinstitutionnowknownastheTianjinAcademyofEnvironmentalSci-ence(TAES).Thisled,in1986,totheestablishmentofcooperationthatisstillactiveandismanifested,amongotherthings,bythejoint-venturecompany,SEC(Sino-SwedishEnvironmentalTechnologyDevelopmentCentre).Duringthe2000s,SEC–whichnowhasastaffoffour–assistedseveralSwedishcompaniestoentertheChinesemarket.

DuringtheinitialphaseofIVL’sactivitiesinChina,interestwasfocusedmainlyontheproblemsassociatedwiththeconditionoftheTianjincanals,theairqualitysituation,theexpansionofthecoastal

zoneandthesupplyoffreshwaterfromvari-ousreservoirs.Withtheimprovementoftheexternalenvironment,theemphasisshiftedtoindustrialeffluentsandtechnologytrans-fer in theareasof cleanerproductionengi-neering,separationtechnology,andbiologi-calfinaltreatment.Aspecialfocuswasalsoplacedon thedevelopmentof informationshowing the importance of implementingupstreamaction leading to reducedutilisa-tionofwater,energy,andchemicaladditives.

Training in life-cycle thinkingAlargenumberofresearchers,companiesandpublicagencyperson-nelhavebeentrainedinlife-cyclethinkingtoencourageaholisticmindset.Thiswascarriedoutwhilethepartieswerealsomappingthe environmental footprint of productsmade by three differentcompanies.TheresultwastoenableChinesecompaniestoidentifythemarketopportunitiesavailabletothosethatmanagetheirenvi-ronmentalprogrammesconscientiously.

Lake remediation, environmental technology centre and sustainable citiesOvertheyears,IVLhasalsoparticipatedinprojectsinotherlocationsinChina.ExamplesincludetheremediationofLakeWuliangshuhaiinInnerMongolia,theintroductionoftheCleanerProductionconceptinLiaoningprovince,asurveyofatmosphericpollutantsinKunming,implementationoftheSustainableCityconceptinWuhaiandHohot,andtheestablishmentofanenvironmentaltechnologycentreandwastemanagementfacilityinWuhan.

EU-funded projectsInrecentyears,IVLhasbeenappointedtodirectmoreandmoreEU-fundedprojectsinChina.ExamplesincludetheEU-China CDM

Aftermorethan20yearsofactivityinChina,IVLopenedthefirst

officeofitsowninthecountryon22January2010inBeijing.The

newofficeislocatedadjacenttothepremisesoftheSwedishTrade

Council,enablingSwedishcompaniestoavailofIVL’smanyyearsof

experienceinexportingenvironmentaltechnologytoChina.

IVL over 20 years in China

Photo: Jonas Röttorp


17ivl in china

Facilitation Project,whosepurposeistostrengthenCDM(CleanDe-velopmentMechanism),oneoftheflexiblemechanismsspecifiedintheKyotoprotocol.OneofthebiggestEUprojectsofitstype,thisisdirectedbyIVLandexecutedbyaconsortiumofChineseandEu-ropeanpartners.Theprojectincludesresearch,capacityexpansion,communications, and information dissemination elements. TheresearchaspectisfocusedmainlyonastudyofhowCDMisinflu-encingChina’ssustainabledevelopmentandhowthenation’sCDMpoliciescanbeimproved.IVLhasdirectedresearchprojectsdealingwithtechnologytransferthroughCDMandwiththedevelopmentoftheCDMmarketinChina,andhasplayedanactiveroleinotherresearchprojects.

Competence development in Shanghai building sector TheTrain the Trainersprojectisbeingcarriedoutwithintheframe-workoftheEU’sSwitchAsiaprogramme.ItspurposeistodevelopcompetenceinthebuildingsectorintheShanghairegionthroughcollaborationbetweenIVL,TongjiUniversity–oneoftheforemosttechnologicalinstitutionsinChina–andtheEUChamberofCom-merceinShanghai.

Theoverallgoalistocommunicateknowledgeofenergy-efficientbuildinginChina.‘Trainthetrainers’willensurethatmorepeople–especiallybuildingcontractorsanddesignengineers–benefitfromthisknowhow.Inaddition,experiencesofdifferentpoliciesonener-gy-efficientbuildingarecomparedandpolicyimprovementpropos-alsdevelopedasameansofinfluencingtheChinesegovernmentandEUlegislators.

ThetrainingmethodologyusedinShanghaiissimilarinverymanyrespectstothecompetencedevelopmentprogrammedevelopedbyIVLandusedwithintheframeworkofthecompetencedevelopmentprogrammeoftheBuilding-Livingdialogue.

Natural gas-based district heating an alternative to coal in ChinaIna2009studycarriedoutwithaChinesepartnerwithintheframe-work of the EU-China Energy and Environment Programme, IVLdevelopedproposalsformeetingtheenergyneedsofthepartiallyundevelopedeasternzoneofYizhuangwiththeminimumpossibleenvironmental impactgivenconditionsintheregion.Theprojectmethodology was based on the concept known as Comprehen-sive Energy Planning(CEP),inwhichenergyproduction,transport,conversion,andutilisationareconsideredintotality.

Basedonthefindingsofthestudy,IVLproposedachangeovertonaturalgas-baseddistrictheatingtominimiseemissionsfromtheenergysystem.ThestudyalsoillustratedthepotentialenvironmentalbenefitsofmodifyingChina’senergysupplystructureincomparisonwiththepresentsystem,inwhichenergyproducersmaynotsellelec-tricitytoexternalcustomers.

contact: östen ekengren, executive vice president, business development & marketing

One of IVL’s first assignments in China over 20 years ago was a project to clean the canals in Tianjin.

Phot

o: Jo

nas R

ötto

rp

18


directors’ report

The board and CEO of IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd. hereby submit their report and statement of accounts for the operating year 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2009.OwnedjointlybytheSwedishgovernmentandSwedishindustry,IVLSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstituteLtd.(IVL)undertakesre-searchprojectsandcontractassignmentsintheenvironmentalfield.Establishedin1966,thecompanyemployedatotalof179peopleinStockholm,GothenburgandBeijingasof31December2009.IVLhasbeenalimitedcompanysince1982andreportednetsalesofSEK203.9millionin2009.

Ongoing implementation of new operational management systemAstrategicreviewofIVL’sactivitieswascarriedoutin2008.Thecom-pany’sMissionandVisionwererevisedandadoptedbytheboard(seebelow),togetherwiththeassociatedkeyperformanceindicators(KPIs) for2009.Duringtheyear, theoperationwasmanagedandmonitoredatregular(quarterly)intervalsinrelationtothesettargets.Targetcomplianceforthefullyearwasjustover80%.

Mission:IVL’smissionistowork,bypursuingappliedresearch,andbyundertakingcontractassignmentsandresearchprojects,foreco-logical,economicandsociallysustainablegrowthwithinbusinessandsocietyatlarge.

Vision:IVL’s offers•IVLoffersleading-edgeexpertiseinitscoreareasandisthefirstchoiceofitscustomers.•IVLprovidesholisticsolutionsanddevelopsstrategiccompetenciesincollaborationwithitscustomers.•IVLoffersservicesbasedonthelatestresearchfindings.

IVL’s identity and relationships •IVL is recognised as a respected and independent researchinstitute,bothwithintheEUandinternationally.•IVLworksinstrongallianceswithworld-leadingresearchenviron-mentsandcompanies.•IVListhepremierforumfordealingwithenvironmentalissuesinSweden.•IVLadoptsworkformsthatreflectcustomerneeds.

IVL as a workplace•isaninternationallyattractiveworkplaceforallemployeesworkingonenvironmentalandsustainabilityissues;•isauniqueassemblyofexpertpersonnelworkingattheveryfore-frontofresearch;•aimstoincreaseitsmarketsharesignificantlycomparedwith2008.

Value systemTheworkofdevelopingIVL’svaluesystembeganin2008.Anumberofmeetingswereheldin2009byaworkinggrouptodiscussboththecontentofthevaluesystemandhowtokeepitalive.Amongotheractivities,thetaskwasbasedonlunchmeetingsthatwereopentoallemployees.Thevaluesystemwasdefinedasfollows:

IVL’s value system is founded on credibility, totality and foresigh-tedness.Asemployees,wearecommittedtoandproudofdoingagoodjobthatisofbenefitbothtosocietyandourcustomers.

Key events during the yearOrganisational reviewAreviewofIVL’sorganisationbeganintheautumn.Severalchangegoalswereestablished,includinganincreaseinthenumberofprojectsandcustomers,assuredprofitabilityandreinforcedcompetence.Achangeteamwasassignedtodevelopandworkthroughanumberoforganisationaloptions,andtheoptionsreviewedwerecommunicatedtotheworkforce.Viewpointsweresoughtfrombothmanagementandotheremployeesthroughanumberofseminarsandpresentations.Co-determinationnegotiationsregardingtheneworganisationtookplacebeforeChristmas, theexecutivemanagementgroupwasap-pointedinJanuary2010andthenewstructurebecameeffectiveon1February.

Activities in China strengthenedDuetotheincreaseinscopeofitsactivitiesinChinainanumberofareasofoperation,IVLopeneditsownofficeinBeijinginJanuary.Priortothis,thecompany’srepresentationinthecountryhadbeenlimitedtoitsjoint-venturecollaborationwithSEC(Sino-SwedishEnvironmen-talTechnologyDevelopmentCo.Ltd.)inTianjin.InNovember,CEOTordSvedbergwaspartofaEuropeantrademissionthatvisitedChinainconjunctionwiththeFifth EU-China Business SummitinNanjing.ThethemeofthismeetingwasThe Green Agenda.

Currentactivities inChina includeanEUproject inShanghai,inwhichIVL’sroleistosupporttheUniversityofTongjiwithvariousresearch-relatedresourcesthatcanbeusedtodevelopcompetenciesintheconstructionindustry.AnenergyoptimisationprojectatanewindustrialzoneontheoutskirtsofBeijingwasalsocompleted.Acur-rentwaterprojectisdesignedtodeveloppreventivemeasures,includ-ingwarningsystems,toprotectdrinkingwatersources.Intheareaofenvironmentalengineering,anumberofdemonstrationprojectsarealsounderwayinWuhai,WuhanandTianjin.

Duringtheyear,IVLcontinuedtodirectthemajorCDMproject,whosepurposeistostrengthenChina’scapacityundertheKyotopro-tocol’sClean Development Mechanism.NotableasoneoftheEU’smostsuccessfulventuresinChina,theprojectwasfeaturedattheCOP15climatenegotiationsinCopenhageninDecember.

Activities relating to Sweden’s EU presidency and COP15IVLwasinvolvedinanumberofeventsheldinconjunctionwiththeSwedishpresidencyoftheEU,mainlyincooperationwiththePrimeMinister’sOffice,MinistryoftheEnvironment,MinistryofEnterprise,EnergyandCommunications,andEuropeanCommission.Amongotherthings,IVL’snewclimatecalculator,Climate Account–atoolthatenablesanindividualtocalculatehisorherclimatefootprint–wasdemonstratedatthepresidentialinaugurationon1July,theenergyandenvironmentministers’meetingattheendofJuly,andthehigh-levelmeetinginStrömstadinSeptember.

RecognisingtheimportantroleofthemediaincommunicatingknowledgeofIVLitself,aswellasitsresearchactivities,thecompanytooktheinitiativeofholdingafull-daytrainingcourseforjournalistsonmattersfeaturingontheenvironmentalagendaoftheSwedishEUpresidency–climate,climatepolicy,andBalticSeaissues.Thiswas

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carriedoutinAugustincooperationwiththeMinistryoftheEnviron-ment,theEuropeanCommission,theSwedishEnvironmentalProtec-tionAgency,andStockholmEnvironmentInstitute(SEI).

Inmid-September,IVLhostedMinistersforEuropeanAffairsofthe27EUmembernationsaboardtheresearchvessel,Sunbeam.CEOTordSvedbergdescribedIVL’sactivities,especiallyintheBalticSearegion,anddisplayedsedimentsamplesfromdeadandrecoveringseabedzonesinthearea.DepartmentheadSamEkstrandgaveanoverviewoftheenvironmentalsituationintheBalticSeareporting,amongotherthings,onapromisingprojectinwhichphosphorus-absorbentpelletsarebeingusedtoradicallyreducephosphorusleak-ageintothesea.

IVLwasappointedtoarrangeanumberofactivitiesattheCOP15climate negotiations in Copenhagen in December. In addition tomountinganexhibitionanddemonstratingtheClimate Account,IVLcontributedtothefollowingevents:•Climate justice and sustainable development: Intensifying the dialogue

between EU, India and China,inwhichIVL,togetherwithActionforaGlobalClimateCommunity,presentedaclimatecommunitythatcancontributetoeffortstocombatclimatechangewithintheframe-workofongoingeconomicdevelopment.•CDM in China – Chinese and European Perspectives,inwhichIVL,togetherwiththeEuropeanCommission’sDirectorate-GeneralforExternalRelations(DGRelex),heldaseminaronCDMinChina,technology transfer, impactonsustainabledevelopment,marketdevelopmentandpolicy.•ApresentationontheEuropean Business and Technology Centre (EBTC)inIndia,inwhichIVLisapartner.TheideaisthatEBTCwillworktoincreaseenvironmentaltechnologytransferfromtheEUtoIndiaasameansofpromotingenvironmentalimprovementmeasures.•Getting serious about 2030 targets,aneventinwhichtheIVL-basedclimatepolicyresearchprogramme,Clipore,togetherwiththeMin-istryoftheEnvironment,focusedontheconflictbetweensettingtargets(for2020)atthepresenttimeandlong-termincentivesforcomprehensivelow-carboninvestment.

Expansion and broadening of competence baseInmid-2008,IVLtookovertheoperationsofAimex–oneofSweden’sleadingcompaniesintheinvestigationofdamagecausedbydampandmould.Additionalresearchersandexpertswererecruitedin2009,givingIVLaleadingpositioninanareathatisanessentialaspectofsustainablebuilding–oneofthecompany’spriorityareas.

Communication and cooperationCommunicationwithaseriesoftargetgroups–internalinthecontextofresearchprojects,aswellasexternal–willbeofgreaterimportancetoIVLinthefuture.Onereasonwillbetoincreasethegenerallevelofknowledgeregardingthecompany’sactivitiesandexpertise,anothertorefineandcustomisecommunicationrelatingtoresearchfindingstosuittheparticulartargetgroup.AfurtherreasonistoensurethattheresearchanddevelopmentworkpursuedbyIVLwillbenefitmanymorestakeholdersthanatpresent.Thishasbeenunderlined,forex-ample,bytheindependentassessmentofIVLresearchthatwasiniti-atedin2008andcontinuedin2009.

IVL strengthened its communication resources even furtherduringtheyear,andundertookaninternalprojectdesignedbothtoimprovethecommunicativecapacityofitsemployeesanddevelop

modelstoimprovethetargetgroupadaptationofwhatwecommu-nicate.Theoverallpurposeistodeliverevengreatercustomerbenefitandensurethatessentialknowledgeistranslatedintopracticalappli-cationinthecommunityasquicklyaspossible.

ThetrainingcoursesandseminarsconductedbyIVLKnowledgeplay a vital role in this context.Highly demand-driven, these pro-grammesaretailoredtohighqualitystandards,afactthathasalsobeennotedbyoutsideplayers,whoareincreasinglyusingtheservicesofIVLKnowledgeformajorseminarsandevents.InApril,forexam-ple,IVLKnowledgeorganisedthemajorNordicpassivehousescon-ference–whichwasattendedbyover400delegates–onbehalfoftheSwedishEnergyAgency,VästraGötalandRegionalAdministra-tion,SwedishPassiveHouseCentre,SPTechnicalResearchInstituteofSweden,IVL,andSwedishConstructionFederation.

Sinceitsestablishmentin2005,IVLKnowledgehasorganised75seminarsandcoursesattendedbyover2,500people.IVLKnowledgealsoorganisestheClimateChallenge–acompetitionforyoungpeoplethatwasheldforthethirdtimein2009.

Commercialisation of R&DCommercialisationoftheresearchundertakenbyIVLcanresultinfast-erdisseminationofenvironmentalandresource-savingtechnologiestocompanies.Duringtheyear,relativelymajorresourceswerecom-mittedtotheestablishmentofacompanyundertheworkingtitleofEEQtodisseminateandpromotetheuseofamethodology,especiallywithintheprocessindustry,ofintegratingeconomic,environmentalandquality-relatedgoalsinday-to-dayoperations.

BASTAonlineLtd.becamealimitedcompanyin2007,andispres-entlyownedbyIVL(60%)andtheSwedishConstructionFederation(40%).ThecompanyadministersanddevelopstheBASTAsystemofevaluatingandphasingoutparticularlyhazardoussubstancesinbuildingmaterials,andhadaturnoverofSEK1.7millionin2009.Dur-ingtheyear,thecompanyworkedtodevelopthesystembyincorporat-ingriskmanagementmodules,andalsoinitiatedcollaborationwiththeSwedishBuildingMaterialsAssessmentAssociation(BVB)andthebuildingmaterialsdatabase,DocuByggfakta,bothofwhichareimportantplayersinspecifyingenvironment-friendlyproducts,inadevelopmentwelcomedparticularlybytheconstructionindustry.Asof1January,theBASTAsystemandtheFinfoproductdatabasehavebeeninterlinkedmorecloselyintechnicalterms,simplifyingtheiruseformanymaterialsuppliers.

Collaboration with universities and institutes of technologyIVL’sstrategyincludestheestablishmentanddevelopmentofclosecooperationwiththebusinesssector,internatio¬nalresearchbodies,anduniversitiesandinstitutesoftechnology.Aspartofthis,IVLhasalsoformaliseditscooperationwiththeRoyalInstituteofTechnology,Stockholm(KTH),ChalmersUniversityofTechnology,Gothenburg(CTH),andtheFacultyofEngineeringatLundUniversity(LTH).

Asoneelementofthesecooperativeventures,IVLisworkingtoestablishcloserinvolvementbetweenitsresearchersandtheresearchprogrammesoftheinstitutionsconcerned.Oneoutcomeofthisdur-ingtheyearwastheappointmentofAnn-BethAntonssontoaprofes-sorshipinergonomicsatKTH’sSchoolofTechnologyandHealth,theinstitution’sfirstfemaleadjunctprofessor.

ErikFridellhasbeenadjunctprofessorofmarineenvironmenttechnologyatCTHsinceDecember2008.

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CHUIVL’scooperationwithKTHisconductedwithintheframeworkofthejointCentreforSustainableDevelopment(CHU),whichisaplatformforinitiatingcooperationratherthanaphysicalfacility.Thecentrere-ceivedannualfundingofSEK2millioneachfromIVLandKTH,initiallyuntil30June2009.Activitiesareconductedinthreeprofileareas–Sustainable building, Resource-efficient production and products,andWater.Intheseareas,atotalof16preliminarystudieswasinitiatedorcompletedbytheendof2009,inadditiontostudiesundertakentoinitiatejointactivitiesinChinaandIndia.Adecisioninprinciplehasbeentakentocontinuetheactivityfrom2010on,withastrongerfocusontheHammarbySjöstadsverkproject,efficientcoproductionofenergygoodslinkedtoutilisation,andsustainableurbandevelop-ment.Astrongerrelationshipwithbasiceducationisplanned,mainlywiththenewgraduateengineeringprogrammefocusingonenergyandtheenvironment.

Hammarby SjöstadsverkOwnedjointlybyIVLandKTHwithintheframeworkoftheCentreforSustainableDevelopment (CHU), theHammarbySjöstadsverkresearchfacilityisanationalresourceforthedevelopmentofwaste-watertreatmenttechnology,andwillacquireaninternationalprofileinthecourseoftime.ThefacilityisusedbothbyIVLandKTHfortheirownresearch,andbyoutsidestakeholdersfortestingnewtreatmenttechnologiesoneffluentsofvarioustypes.Duringtheyear,IVLcon-tinuedtousethefacilitytoconductthreemajorprojectsinincreasedbiogas extraction, reduced energyutilisation and the treatment ofpharmaceuticalresidues.Duringtheyear,wealsoevaluatedanewlasertechnologyformeasuringbacteria‘online’andoptimisedenergyutilisationinpumping.Fifteenwastewatertreatmentcompaniesformaclustergroupthatisworkingtoimprovepublicandindustrialwatertreatmenttechnology.WithfundingfromtheSwedishWater&Waste-waterAssociation(SWWA)andmunicipalauthoritiesintheMälar-dalenregion,acentreforpublicwatertreatmenthasbeenestablishedinpartnershipwithKTH,UppsalaUniversity,theSwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences(SLU)andMälardalenUniversity.Thefacilityalsoattractsmanyvisitorgroups.

CPMTheCentreforEnvironmentalAssessmentofProductandMaterialSystems(CPM),whichreachedtheendofitsfifththree-yearprojectstagein2009,isoperatedbyIVLincollaborationwithCTH.Aspartofthefifthstage,IVLconductedprojectsonsustainabletransportandthedevelopmentofmethodsof‘extra-financialanalysis’,withthefo-cusonevaluatingcorporateenvironmentalimages.IVListoincreaseitsinvolvementinCPMinthesixthprojectstageduetobeginin2010.Althoughmuchoftheforthcomingactivityisstillunderplanning,thestagewasgivenaflyingstartwhenVINNOVAallocatedSEK4.7mil-lionforathree-yearprojecttodeveloptoolsforcalculatingtheenvi-ronmentalimpactandefficiencyoftransportsystems.ManagedbyIVL,theprojectwillinvolvecollaborationbetweenIVLandChalmersresearchersandmajorSwedishindustrialconcerns.

Mistra Urban FuturesIn August 2009, it was announced that the Swedish Foundationfor Strategic Environmental Research (MISTRA) had selected the‘Gothenburgconsortium’–ofwhichIVLisoneofsevenpartners–

tohostMistra Urban Futures,aninternationalcentreforsustainableurbandevelopment.InadditiontoIVL,thepartnersintheconsor-tiumincludeChalmersUniversityofTechnology(CTH),UniversityofGothenburg,CityofGothenburg,GothenburgRegionalAssociationofLocalAuthorities(GR),VästraGötalandRegion,andVästraGötalandCountyAdministrativeBoard.FinancedbyMISTRA,togetherwiththeSwedishInternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency(SIDA)andtheconsortiummembers,thecentre’stotalassetsareexpectedtoamounttoapproximatelySEK20millionduringthe2010-2011devel-opmentphaseandalmostSEK50millionperannumthereafter.

Fivepilotprojectswillbeundertakenduringthefirstyearofopera-tionunderthefollowingheadings:Multi-level governance for sustaina-ble urban and regional development; Building for climate change; Urban empowerment – fighting social segregation through participation and learning; Business-driven sustainable developmentandUrban games: mutual learning for sustainable urban development.

Ratio of research projects to contractsRevenue from fees during the yearwas divided between researchprojectsandcontracts intheratioof53%to47%(comparedwith46%and54%respectivelyin2008).Inthiscontext,researchprojectsareprojectsfundedjointlybytheSwedishgovernmentandSwedishindustrythroughtheFoundationoftheSwedishEnvironmentalRe-searchInstitute(SIVL),aswellasactivitiesfinancedbygrantsfrompublicresearchagencies,researchinstitutes,theEUandsimilarbod-ies.Jointly-financedactivitiesaccountedfor16%(16%)offee-basedrevenueandgrant-aidedactivitiesfor37%(29%).IVL’sresearchisanintegralpartofthecompany’soperationsandisaprerequisitetoitsfacilityforundertakingassignmentsusingleading-edgeexpertise.ContractsundertakenbyIVLincludebothshort-termconsultancyandanalyticalassignments,aswellasmorecomprehensivenationalandinternationalcontractsofaresearchanddevelopmentnature.

Current EU projectsAlargenumberofprojectsfundedbytheEUresearchframeworkpro-grammewasapprovedandinitiatedin2009,togetherwithprojectsfinancedthroughotherEUorgans,suchasEUstructuralfunds.ThelattercategoryincludesCOHIBA (Control of Hazardous Substances in the Baltic Sea region),oneofwhosepurposesistoidentifymajorsourcesofpollutionintheBalticanddevelopactionprogrammes,DiPol (Impact of Climate Change on the quality of urban and coastal waters),whichisdesignedtostudytheimpactofclimatechangeoncoastalwaters,Environmental technology for growth,toexpandtheex-portofenvironmentaltechnologyfromtheMälardalregion,andPRIN-CIP,togatheranddisseminateknowledgeofclimate-smartenergysystemsintheKattegattandSkagerack,aswellasSPIN (Sustainable production through innovation in SMEs),withtheaimofstimulatinginnovativedevelopmentbysmallandmedium-sizedcompaniesintheBalticregion.

OthermajorEU-fundedprojectsapprovedorinitiatedin2009includeAdvance ETV – European Environmental Technology Verifica-tiontodevelopasystemforverifyingenvironmentaltechnology,Arc-Risk,whichdealswithhealthhazardsassociatedwithclimatechangeintheArcticregionandEurope,CADASTER (CAse studies on the Devel-opment and Application of in-Silico Techniques for Environmental haz-ard and Risk assessment),whichdealswiththedevelopmentofriskanalysis techniquesrelatedtotheEUchemicalsdirective,REACH,

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GreenClimeAdapt (Green Tools for Urban Climate Adaptation) andRiskcycle,dealingwithsafetyandriskevaluationofchemicals.IVL’srole in theNorthPass project is towork for harmonisation andknowledgedisseminationintheareaofverylow-energyhousingintheNordiccountries.

IVLhastwomajorassignmentsforSwitch-Asia,theEuropeanaidprogramme.Thefirstofthese,Train the Trainers,isdesignedtoexpandknowledgetransferinenergy-efficientbuildingbetweentheEUandChina.Theseconddealswiththereductionoftheenvironmentalfoot-printofmajorexportsectorsinSriLanka.

Other current research programmesAttheendof2009,IVLwasassignedbytheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgencytomanageCLEO (Climate Change and Environ-mental Objectives),anew,three-yearresearchprogrammetostudyhowfutureclimatechangewillinfluencethepossibilityofachievingSwedishenvironmental goals. IVLwasalready leading theSCARP (Swedish Clean Air Research Programme),andEmissions from goodsprogrammes,whicharealsofundedbytheagency,asistheSustain-ablewastemanagementprogrammethatentereditssecondphasein2009.

AFAInsuranceisfinancingseveralIVLprojectsdealingwithworkenvironmentissues.In2009,approvalwasgrantedforamajorprojecttostudymethodsofimprovingairqualityinofficebuildings.AnAFA-fundedstudyoftheroleofcorporatehealthcareinreducingsickleavewasinitiatedearlyintheyear.

IVL is leading twomajor researchprogrammes–CliporeandEntwined–financedbytheSwedishFoundationforStrategicEnvi-ronmentalResearch(MISTRA).TheaimofCliporeistopromotethedevelopmentofamoreeffectivenationalandinternationalclimatepolicy.ThepurposeofEntwined,whichwasgrantedfundingforafur-therfouryearsin2009,istostudytheinteractionbetweeninterna-tionalenvironmentalpoliciesandglobaltrade,withthefocusoncross-boundaryproblems.

Jointly-financed researchIn2009,theFoundationoftheSwedishEnvironmentalResearchIn-stitute(SIVL),asownerofthecompanyandprincipalofIVL’sjointly-financedactivities,continuedtodevelopthenewformsofworkinganddecision-makingadoptedin2006.SIVLalsotookadecisiontoevaluatetheoperationonanongoingbasisandanauditoftwoofthesixthematicareaswascarriedoutduringtheyear(twoareaswereauditedpreviouslyin2008).

FundingofSEK30millionforjointly-financedresearchwasavail-abletoSIVLin2009throughtheSwedishgovernment’sgrantstotheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyandtheSwedishResearchCouncilforEnvironment,AgriculturalSciencesandSpatialPlanning(Formas).Totalfundingforjointly-fundedresearchconsistsofSEK13millionfromFormas,SEK15millionfromtheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,SEK14.3millionfromtheSwedishbusinesssectorandSEK14.3millionfromtheEU.AdditionalfinanceofSEK2millionisprovidedbyFormasforscientificpublications.

External audit of two thematic areasAnexternalauditofIVL’sR&DactivitiesinthethematicareasofWaterandClimateandenergywascarriedoutinautumn2009.Althoughtheinspectorsweregenerallyverypositive,theyrecommendedthat

IVLshouldreinforcetheresearchemphasisby“sellingthecustomertheimportanceoftheacademic‘qualitymark’and,withit,greatercredibility”,andalsoincreasingthelevelofscientificpublication.ThismeansthatIVLmustsecurebasicfundingforlong-termcompetencedevelopment.

Examples of jointly-financed research projectsSomeofthejointly-financedresearchprojectsapprovedand/orcom-mencedin2009arelistedbelow:Determination of emission factors and dispersion calculations of equine al-lergies, Calculation tools for climate and environmental effects of personal travel, Development of methods to reduce the environmental impact of metal machining operations, Thermal characterisation of nanoparticles from marine engines, Environmental handbook for fuels, Evaluation of different methods of cleaning mould damage, LCA for infrastructures – development of computer models for environmental, energy and resource evaluation of rail and road infrastructures, LCA of creosote-impregnated posts and alternative materials, Environment in churches – development of energy-efficient systems preventing the occurrence of the mould damage presently being observed in church buildings and their inventories, Devel-opment of a web site offering education on a good working environment for welding, Web-based information on the correct use of breathing protection equipment.

Business climate and future developmentGlobal issues – climate and the financial crisisTheyear2009wasnotablemainlyfortheglobalfinancialcrisisandclimateissues.Oncetheglobalfinancialcrisishasreceded,Swed-ishbusinessshouldoncemorebeinapositiontocommitfurtherinvestmenttoresearchanddevelopment,toholditsgroundandexpandintoughinternationalcompetition.Inthiscontext,IVL,withitsplatformofenvironmental,energyandclimate-relatedresearch,andwithitsexperienceofexportingenvironmentaltechnologyandcollaboratingwithlargecompaniesandSMEsalike,isparticularlywellequippedtomeettheseneeds.

In IVL’s view, companieswill, to a greater extent than before,requireassistanceinimprovingtheirutilisationofresourcestoreduceboth their rawmaterial andenergycosts, and thecostofmanag-ingspillageandwaste.Itisalsoclearthatknowledgeandtechnol-ogytransfer,includingtheexportofenvironmentaltechnologytothedevelopingnations,willbeofgrowingimportance.

ClimatewasoneoftheSwedishgovernment’smainissuesduringSweden’sEUpresidency.ThefactthattheCOP15climatenegotiationsinCopenhageninDecember2009failedtoproduceabindingclimatecontrolagreementislikelytoresultinamajordemandforthetypeofpolicysupportofferedbyIVL.

IVLalsodiffersfromotherplayersintheclimateareainitsclearfocusonapplicationsthatyieldresults.Whenallissaidanddoneintheclimatedebate,moreisusuallysaidthandone!IVLgoesastepfurtherby linkingpolicyactivitiesandawarenesspromotionwithconcreteactionandrobusttechnology.

Basic funding for certain institutes only?Today,IVLandotherresearchinstitutesareplayingadecisiveroleinin-creasingthecompetitivenessofSwedishindustry,andmakingrealuseoftheresearchconductedbytheuniversitiesandotherthird-levelinstitutes.

IVL’sjointownershipbygovernmentandbusinesshashelpedtomakeitatrustedpartnerofboth.Itsownershipstructureand

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organisationarealsorecognisedbytheResearchandInnovationActpassedbytheSwedishparliamenton28January2009,inwhichthegovernmentaffirmsthattheownershipstructureissuitableforitspur-poseandshouldnotbemodifiedifthisshouldbedisadvantageoustothecompany’sactivities.

IVL’sownershipstructurewasalsocontributorytothecontinuedhighprofitabilitythatthecompanyenjoyedin2009atatimeofeco-nomicrecession,anddespitethefactthat,unlikeotherinstitutes,itwasnotabeneficiaryofanybasicassistanceintheformofstrategiccompetencedevelopmentfunding.In2009,theinstitutesassociatedwithRISE,thenewnationalholdingcompany,wereallocatedapproxi-matelySEK350milliontoenablethemtomaintainanddevelopthecompetenciestheyrequiretosupportSwedishindustry.

IVLisnotamongtheinstitutesthatbenefitfromthisfunding,asituationthatwefindinequitable.Weseeaneedforthesametypeofbasicfundingasthatenjoyedbyotherinstitutestoenableusalsotomaintainourlong-termcapacitytoremainattheforefrontofenviron-mentalresearch,therebycontributingtothedevelopmentandcom-petitivenessofSwedishindustry.

Discussionswiththeministryinquestionandwiththemanage-mentofRISEwillcontinuein2010withaviewtosecuringavalueofferspecifyingthebasicfundingthatIVLwillreceive,howitsroleasSwe-den’sleadingenvironmentalresearchinstitutewillbestrengthenedintheeventofclosercollaborationwithRISE,andthebenefitsofcol-laborationthatmayberealisedinadditiontothosealreadyenjoyedbyinstitutesintheRISEsphere.

IVLwillcontinuetofunctionasanaturalandneutralcommuni-cationslinkandmeetingplacewhereacademic,businessandpublicstakeholderscanparticipateinappliedenvironmentalresearchanddiscussnewsolutions.Thepan-industrialscopeofouractivitiespro-videsuswithaholisticviewthatfew,ifany,otherresearchinstitutescanachieve.Institutions,suchasIVL,thatworkinclosecooperationwithindustryactasabridgebetweentheacademicworldandthepracticalworldofbusiness.Toenableustofulfilthisrole,itisimportantthatbasicfundingbeallocatedontheprinciplethattheentireresearchsec-torisincluded,andthatnoinstituteisexcludedonspuriousgrounds.

Environmental and quality managementIVLdealswithenvironmentalandqualityissueswithintheframeworkofanintegratedmanagementsystem.Thesystem,anditsapplica-tionbyIVL,arecertifiedunderISOenvironmentalandqualityman-agementstandards.Certificationisreviewedannuallyandthesystemisre-certifiedperiodicallybyanaccreditedinspectionagency.IVLhasachieved the latest levels, SS-EN ISO 14001:2004 (environmentalmanagement)andSS-ENISO9001:2008(qualitymanagement).

Mostofthecompany’sworkrelatingtosampling,fieldmeasure-mentandanalysisisaccreditedandinspectedregularlybySWEDAC(thenationalSwedishaccreditationauthority)inaccordancewithSS-ENISO/IEC17025.

Environmentalandqualityactivitiesaregovernedby thecom-pany’senvironmentalandqualitypolicies,whichareimplementedintheformofbothoverallandspecificgoals.Customeradvisoryserv-icesandcompanytravelarebyfarthemostsignificantcontributorstoIVL’senvironmentalfootprint.Anewmethodofevaluatingtheenvi-ronmentalimpactofmajorassignments(worthoverSEK500,000)wasdevelopedin2009andconcreteresultsareexpectedintheyearsahead.Thecompany’s videoconferencingequipment continues to

increasethenumberofmeetingsanddiscussionsthatareheldwith-outtravel,whilethenumberofinternationalvideomeetingsisgrowingsuccessively.Comparedwith2008,theenvironmentalfootprintofthecompany’sairtravelhasbeenreducedby9%,whilerailjourneysnowaccountforagrowingproportion(up4%)ofdomestictravel.Domes-ticairtravelwhererailisanalternativeisdown60%.

IVL’squalityactivitiesarefocusedoncustomerrelations.Forthisreason,activitiesaremonitoredcontinuouslytoensurethatcustom-ersaresatisfiedwiththecompany’swork.Asurveyisheldannuallytodeterminecustomers’perceptionsofIVLintermsoffactorssuchascustomercare,competence,on-timeperformance,andcostbenefit.Thecustomersatisfactionindexin2009was4.2(2008:4.0).

Greener IT with more efficient server systemsVirtualisationofIVL’sserverenvironmentwascommencedin2009asamovetoimprovesystemreliability.Virtualisationpermitsanumberof physical server computers to bedecommissionedpermanentlywithoutceasingtobeanetworkresource.Virtualserverssharetechni-calresourceswhileactingasindividualservercomputerswithdiffer-entsoftwaresupportandnetworkfunctions.Fewerphysicalcomput-ersnotonlylowermaintenancecosts,butalsoreduceoverallenergyutilisation,notleastintermsofserverroomenergydemand.

TheintroductionofvirtualisationinIVL’sGothenburgofficeyield-edanannualenergysavingof57,000kWhin2009.Furthersavingsmaybeexpectedwhenthisisimplementedinthecompany’sStock-holmofficein2010.

Ingeneral,IVLseekstominimisetheenvironmentalimpactofallofitsactivitieswithoutcompromisingfunctionorreliability.ThisalsoappliestoIT,inwhichmeasuresotherthanvirtualisationincludeenvi-ronmentallycompatiblepackagingprocessingandsorting,impactingsuppliers/productswhenpurchasingand,bycarryingoutperiodicalsupplierassessments,providinggreateropportunitiesformeetingswithouttravelwiththeaidofmodernvideosystemsandflexiblework-ingthroughremote-controlledlinks.

Net sales, net income and capital structureGroupTheGroup’snetsalesfortheaccountingyeartotalledSEK204,452(2008:196,261)thousand,yieldinganetprofitafterfinancialitemsofSEK5,401(6,183)thousand.ThenetprofitaftertaxeswasSEK3,764(4,185)thousand.Thereturnonadjustedequitywas8.1(10.2)%andthereturnoncapitalemployed3.9(5.1)%.

TheGroup’stotalassetsincreasedtoSEK143,125(137,168)thou-sandanditstotalequitycapitaltoSEK50,079(46,020)thousand.CashflowwaspositiveatSEK23,510(28,336)thousand.

CapitalinvestmentininventoriesandequipmenttotalledSEK5,603(1,961)thousand.Theequity/assetsratioincreasedto35.0(33.6)%.

Parent companyIVL’snetsalesfortheaccountingyeartotalledSEK203,939(195,483)thousand,yieldinganetprofitafterfinancialitemsofSEK1,706(6,253)thousand.ThenetprofitaftertaxeswasSEK389(2,034)thousand.

TotalassetsamountedtoSEK143,004(136,638)thousandandtotalequitycapitaltoSEK30,517(30,128)thousand.AdjustedequitycapitalwascalculatedatSEK37,576(36,321)thousand.CashflowwasSEK24,131(28,087)thousand.Thereturnonadjustedequitywas3.4(13.2)%andthereturnoncapitalemployed1.3(6.0)%.

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directors’ report

Capital investment in inventories and equipment totalled SEK5,595(1,947)thousand.Theadjustedequity/assetsratiofellto26.3(26.6)%.

Parent company employeesStructure and personnel turnoverDuringtheyear,thenumberofemployeesaveraged171(164),ofwhom51(52)%weremenand49(48)%women.Oftheworkforce,27(28)%holdpostgraduatedegrees,while63(64)%holdmastersdegreesinengineeringorotheracademicqualifications.

Duringtheyear,11(12)permanentemployeesleftthecompanyforotherpositions,while7(2)employeesretiredonpension.Newrecruit-menttotalled14personsinareasincludinganalysis,indoorenviron-ment,emissions,communication,andadministration.

Policy review Duringtheyear,thecompanyundertookareviewofitsinternalpoli-cies,withthefocusonareasofimportancetotheemployees,includ-ingworkinghoursandfreetime,equalityandfairtreatment,workingenvironment,salaries,travel,recruitment,andcompetencedevelop-ment.Theworkwillcontinuein2010withthedevelopmentofimple-mentationproceduresandtools.

Competence developmentTheareaofcompetencedevelopmentwasincludedinthepolicyre-viewandthenewpolicyreflectsthe‘70-20-10model’,inwhich70%ofprofessionaldevelopmentshouldtaketheformofon-the-jobtraining,20%ofnetworkingandfeedback,andtheremaining10%offormaltrainingactivities.Adevelopmenttargetoftwodaysperemployeeperyear,withayearlyreview,wasestablished.

Chargeability rateThechargeabilityratefortheperiodwas67.7(65.0)%.Chargeabilityrateisdefinedastheproportionoftotalattendancetimeinvoicedtothecustomer.Theremaining(in-house)timeisdevotedtomarketing,training,technicalmaintenance,management,andadministration.

Absences and holidaysDuringtheyear,totalabsences,includingholidays,accountedfor21.7(21.5)%ofnormalworkingtime.Sickleaveaccountedfor2.0(2.9)%andholidaytimefor9.3(9.2)%.Leaveofabsenceaccountedfor7.5(7.3)%,ofwhich6.6(6.3)%wasparental leave.Normalworkingtimeisdefinedasworkingtimeincludingholidaytimeandovertimeworked,lessabsencesduetosickleave,sicknessofachild,parentalleaveorotherleaveofabsence,aswellascompensatoryleave.Thesamebasisisusedtocalculatetheaveragenumberofpaid-upyearsinNote5Personnelcosts.

Special report on sick leave for period 1 January – 31 December 2009Under theSwedishAnnualAccountsAct, annual reports arenowrequiredtocontaininformationonemployeesickleave.Thefiguresmustbestatedasapercentageoftheemployees’totalnormalworkingtime,andmustalsoincludedetailsofcontinuoussickleavetotalling60daysormore(definedaslong-termsickleave),figuresformenandwomen,andsickleaveindifferentagegroups.Inthefollowingsummary,sickleaveisshownasapercentageofnormalworkingtime,lessleaveofabsenceandparentalleave.Themethodofcalculationis,therefore,differenttothatusedaboveforabsencesandholidays.

Total sick leaveas percentage of normal working

time

Long-term sick leave

as percentage of normal working

timeGroup 2009 2008 2009 2008

All employees 2.1 3.0 0.3 1.4

Women 2.2 3.8 0.4 2.0

Men 2.1 2.1 0.1 0.8

29 years or younger 2 2.4 0 0

30–49 years 2.4 2.6 0.3 0.9

50 years or older 1.7 3.8 0.3 2.5

Other personnel information

Personnel turnover, % 2009 2008

Number of employees to resign as percentage of average work-force for year 6.4 7.3

– including pension 10.5 8.5

Age distribution, % 2009 2008

Age

20–29 11 12

30–39 35 34

40–49 24 22

50–59 18 18

60–69 12 14

Average age: 43 (43) years

Key financial indicators per employee (figures in SEK thousand) 2009 2008

Sales, excl. expenses 1,168 1,128

Salaries 622 612

Net profit/loss after financial items 10 38

Length of service, % 2009 2008

Length of service, years

–2 27 24

2–10 38 40

> 10 35 36

Average length of service: 11 (12) years

Qualifications, % 2009 2008

PhD 22 23

Other research qualification 5 5

Graduate engineer 28 31

Other academic qualification 35 33

Technical high school qualification 10 8

24


summary of business and financial ratios

Group Parent company

2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005

Sales and profit/loss

Invoiced fees and expenses 204,542 196,261 162,561 175,170 197,151 203,939 195,483 162,347 175,071 196,918

Operating profit after depreciation 5,338 5,539 1,292 572 3,339 1,496 5,623 1,123 –1,105 –1,334

Operating profit after financial items 5,401 6,183 2,217 870 3,473 1,706 6,253 2,047 –808 –1,203

Profit margin 2.6 3.2 1.4 0.5 1.8 0.8 3.2 1.3 neg neg

Capital structure

Fixed assets 16,636 16,936 15,149 15,008 15,857 17,225 17,514 15,732 15,519 16,343

Current assets 126,489 120,232 83,016 85,332 78,592 125,779 119,124 82,539 85,015 78,236

Equity 50,079 46,020 41,684 40,197 39,856 30,517 30,128 28,094 26,401 26,247

Untaxed reserves 9,578 8,602 5,556 6,032 7,355

Current liabilities 84,204 82,181 51,128 54,703 49,250 101,031 95,035 64,621 68,101 60,977

Provisions 8,842 8,967 5,353 5,440 5,343 1,878 2,873 – – –

Total assets 143,125 137,168 98,165 100,340 94,449 143,004 136,638 98,271 100,534 94,579

Adjusted equity 37,576 36,321 32,094 30,744 31,543

Equity, annual funds 48,050 43,852 40,941 40,027 38,489 36,949 34,208 31,419 31,143 31,898

Capital employed, annual funds 140,147 117,667 99,253 97,395 86,905 139,821 117,455 99,403 97,557 87,137

Equity/assets ratio, % 35 33.6 42.5 40.1 42.2 26.3 26.6 32.7 30.6 33.4

Current ratio 1.5 1.46 1.62 1.56 1.6 1.24 1.25 1.28 1.25 1.28

Profitability

Return on adjusted equity, % 8.1 10.2 3.9 1.6 6.5 3.4 13.2 4.7 neg neg

Return on capital employed, % 3.9 5.1 2.3 1.1 3.8 1.3 6 2.1 neg neg

Other

Capital expenditure 5,603 1,961 3,671 3,538 8,545 5,595 1,947 3,671 3,538 8,545

Invoiced sales per employee, incl. expenses 1,175 1,182 1,022 1,062 1,248 1,193 1,192 1,028 1,068 1,254

Invoiced sales per employee, fees and analyses 1,151 1,119 944 915 976 1,168 1,128 948 919 981

Chargeability rate, % 67.7 65 64.6 65.8 67 67.7 65 64.6 65.8 67

Number of employees 174 166 159 165 158 171 164 158 164 157

Personnel costs per employee 611 606 587 546 533 622 612 592 549 536

Summary of business and financial ratios (figures in SEK thousand)

Adjusted equityTotal equity, plus untaxed reserves, less deduction of standard tax at 26.3 (28) %.

Equity/assets ratioAdjusted equity in relation to balance sheet total.

Chargeability rateTime charged to client as a proportion of total work attendance.

Number of employeesThe number of employees for the year expressed in terms of full-time positions. The actual number of employees is higher due to part-time working and the fact that some employees work only part of the year.

Current ratioCurrent assets divided by current liabilities.

Profit marginNet profit after financial items as a percentage of net sales.

DebiteringsgradMot kund debiterad tid i förhållande till total närvarotid.

Return on equityProfit after net financial items and deduction of standard tax at 26.3 (28) % in relation to average adjusted equity.

25


proposed appropriation of profits

ThefollowingfundsareavailabletotheAnnualGeneralMeeting: Profit carried forward 21,728,376

Profit for year 388,885

Total 22,117,261

TheboardandCEOproposethatthetotalprofitbedistributedasfollows: To be carried forward 22,117,261 Total 22,117,261

Seetheincomestatement,balancesheet,cashflowstatement,andnotestothefinancialstatementsandaccountsforinformationontheprofitreportedbythecompanyandtheGroupforthefinancialyear,aswellasthegeneralfinancialpositionasof31December2009.AllfiguresareinSEKthousand.

Proposed appropriation of profits (figures in SEK)

26


income statement

Income statement(figures in SEK thousand)


2009 2008 2009 2008

Operating incomeNet sales Note 1 204,452 196,261 203,939 195,483

Change in work in progress Note 2 –5,190 –8,009 –8,926 –7,597

Other operating income Note 3 226 1 814 222 1 856

199,488 190,066 195,235 189,742

Operating expensesExpenses –38,086 –32,542 –38,086 –32,543

Other external expenses Note 4 –42,040 –38,931 –41,780 –38,664

Personnel costs Note 5 –109,248 –108,811 –109,112 –108,681

Depreciation of tangible fixed assets Note 6, 10 –4,114 –3,848 –4,099 –3,836

Depreciation of intangible fixed assets Note 6, 11 –662 –395 –662 –395

194,150 –184,527 –193,739 –184,119

Operating profit 5,338 5,539 1,496 5,623

Earnings from financial investmentsInterest income Note 7 219 1 487 212 1 472

Dividends from group companies 148 –

Interest expenses –156 –843 –150 –842

Profit after financial items 5,401 6,183 1,706 6,253

Appropriations Note 8 –975 –3,046

Tax on profit for year Note 9 –1,637 –1,998 –342 –1,173

NET PROFIT 3,764 4,185 389 2,034

27


balance sheet

Balance sheet (figures in SEK thousand)


2009 2008 2009 2008

Fixed assetsIntangible fixed assets Note 10 2,004 2,666 2,004 2,666

Tangible fixed assets Note 11 13,793 12,308 13,741 12,245

Financial assets Note 12 839 1,962 1,480 2,603

Total fixed assets 16,636 16,936 17,225 17,514

Current assetsCurrent receivablesAccounts receivable, trade 32,816 53,280 32,748 53,265

Receivables from group companies 14,772 14,382 14,819 14,382

Income taxes recoverable 2,964 809 2,968 773

Other receivables 1,407 1,579 1,374 1,506

Prepaid expenses and accrued income Note 13 4,870 4,330 4,870 4,330

Total current receivables 56,829 74,380 56,779 74,256

Cash and bank balances 69,660 45,852 69,000 44,868

Total current assets 126,489 120,232 125,779 119,124

TOTAL ASSETS 143,125 137,168 143,004 136,638

Equity and liabilitiesEquity Note 14

Restricted equity

Share capital (7,000 shares) 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000

Restricted reserves 20,921 17,078 1,400 1,400

Total restricted equity 27,921 24,078 8,400 8,400

Non-restricted equity

Non-restricted reserves 18,394 17,757 21,728 19,694

Profit for year 3,764 4,185 389 2,034

Total non-restricted equity 22,158 21,942 22,117 21,728

TOTAL EQUITY 50,079 46,020 30,517 30,128

Provisions Note 15 8,842 8,967 1,878 2,873

Untaxed reserves Note 8 9,578 8,602

Current liabilitiesAdvance payments for work in progress Note 2 49,636 38,195 66,519 51,342

Accounts payable, trade 10,271 13,651 10,273 13,446

Other liabilities 15,025 16,876 15,025 16,876

Accrued expenses and deferred income Note 16 9,272 13,459 9,214 13,371

Total current liabilities 84,204 82,181 101,031 95,035

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 143,125 137,168 143,004 136,638

MEMORANDUM ITEMS

Pledged assets Note 17 6,991 8,084 6,991 8,084

28


cash flow statement

Cash flow statement(figures in SEK thousand)


2009 2008 2009 2008

Operating activitiesProfit after financial items 5,401 6,183 1,706 6,253

Adjustment for non-cash items –75 11,315 –931 10,478

Income tax paid –3,792 –2,172 –2,537 –1,346

Cash flow from operating activities before changes in working capital 1,534 15,326 –1,762 15,385

Cash flow from changes in working capitalIncrease/decrease in receivables 20,246 –7,974 20,212 –7,708

Increase/decrease in accounts payable, trade –3,380 1,352 –3,173 1,177

Increase/decrease in other liabilities –1,851 5,504 –1,851 5,504

Increase/decrease in advance payments for work in progress 11,441 20,155 15,177 19,743

Cash flow from operating activities 27,990 34,363 28,603 34,101

Investment activitiesPurchase of property, plant and equipment –5,603 –1,961 –5,595 –1,947

Purchase of intangible fixed assets – –2,149 – –2,150

Change in financial assets 1,123 –1,917 1,123 –1,917

Cash flow from investment activities –4,480 –6,027 –4,472 –6,014

Financing activities

Cash flow from financing activities – – – –

Cash flow for year 23,510 28,336 24,131 28,087

Opening cash and bank balances 45,852 17,401 44,868 16,781

Exchange rate difference in cash and cash equivalents 298 115 1 –

Closing cash and bank balances 69,660 45,852 69,000 44,868

29


comments and notes to the accounts

Comments and notes to the accountsParent company and ownership structureIVLisawholly-ownedsubsidiaryoftheFoundationoftheSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstitute(SIVL),corporateidentitynumber802006-2611,whoseheadofficeislocatedinStockholm.Onconver-sionoftheformerSwedishInstituteforWaterandAirPollutionRe-search(IVL)intoalimitedcompanyin1982,theoriginalsharecapitalwasallocatedinequalproportionstothefoundationbyagreementbe-tweentheSwedishgovernmentandtheSwedishbusinesssector.Theaimofthefoundationistopromotethelong-termconditionsrequiredforenvironmentalresearchand,throughitsownership,guaranteetheindependentstatusofIVL.ThefoundationisresponsibleforthefundsallocatedjointlybytheSwedishgovernmentandtheSwedishbusinesssectorforenvironmentalresearchcarriedoutbyIVL.Thefoundationismanagedbyaboardofdirectors,halfofwhosemembersareap-pointedbytheSwedishgovernmentandhalfbySwedishbusiness.Thechairmanoftheboardisappointedbythegovernment.

FinancingThecompany’soperationsarefinancedbycurrentcashflowandbyanunusedbankoverdraftfacilityofSEK5million.

Current tax caseIVLhasbeencontestingavalue-addedtaxissuewiththeSwedishNationalTaxBoard(SKV)since2004.ThecasehasbeenheardbytheCountyAdministrativeCourtinStockholmand,followinganappealbyIVL,bytheAdministrativeCourtofAppeal,whichissueditsrulingon15January2009.BothcourtsfoundinfavouroftheSKVcase,whichisthatIVLisnotentitledtorecoverVATpaidoncostscharge-abletogrant-aidedactivities.

IntheviewofIVL, it ishighly importantthattheAdministra-tive Court of Appeal should issue clarification of its judgement.UnliketheTaxBoard,thecompanymaintainsthatthereshallbenorestrictionontherecoveryofVATonexpenditurefinancedbytaxablegrants.InApril2009,IVLsoughtleavetoappealfromtheAdminis-trativeCourtofAppealandthiswasgrantedinajudgementissuedon15December2009.ThefinalverdictoftheAdministrativeCourtofAppealmaybeexpectedin2010unlessthecaseisreferredtotheEuropeanCourtofJustice,inwhichcaseafinaljudgementmaynotbeexpectedbefore2011attheearliest.

IntheeventthattheSKVcaseisupheldfollowingjudicialreview,thepositionwouldbethefollowing:Inpurelygeneralterms,thepay-mentoftaxableprojectgrantsofspecificamountstoIVLbypublicagenciesorthebusinesssectorwouldhaveacumulativeimpactonearningssinceIVLwouldbeunabletorecoverthevalue-addedtaxpaidontheassociatedcosts.IntermsoftheannualcosttoIVL,thesumsinvolvedwouldbeconsiderable.Fortheyears2004to2008,thetotalcostisestimatedtobeapproximatelySEK13million.Thecompanysetasideandbookedthereliefsoughtasanexpenseinitsaccountsfor2008,whilethe2009accountshavebeenadjustedtoallowfortheSKVposition.ThismeansthatatotalofSEK2,706thou-sandhasbeenbookedasanon-recoverableVATexpense.

Accounting principlesAccounting and valuation principlesTheaccountscomplywiththeprovisionsoftheSwedishAnnualAc-countsAct,thegeneralrulesoftheSwedishAccountingStandardsBoardandtheapplicablerecommendationsoftheSwedishFinan-cialAccountingStandardsCouncil.Theaccountingprinciplesareunchangedfromthepreviousyear.

Consolidated accountsTheconsolidatedaccountshavebeenpreparedinaccordancewithRecommendationRR14,JointVentures,oftheSwedishFinancialAccounting Standards Council. Consolidation of the associatedcompany,Sino-Swedish(Tianjin)EnvironmentalTechnologyDevel-opmentCo.Ltd.,andofBASTAonlineAB,inwhichIVLhasa60%holding,hasbeencarriedoutusingtheproportionalmethod.

The annual accounts of the associated company have beenconvertedusingthecurrentmethod,whichmeansthatthebalancesheetassetsandliabilitieshavebeenconvertedatclosingdayrates.Theincomestatementhasbeenconvertedattheaverageratefortheyear.Conversiondifferencesdonotaffecttheconsolidatedaccounts,butareallocateddirectlytoequity.

Theuntaxedreservesshown in theconsolidatedaccountsaredivided into restricted equity, equivalent to 73.7% of the Group’suntaxed reserves, anddeferred tax liability, equivalent to 26.3%ofuntaxedreserves.Intheconsolidatedaccounts,thetaxreservecom-ponent of uninvoiced research and consultancy assignments hasbeenallocatedinsimilarmannertoequityanddeferredtax(inaccord-ancewiththeaccountingprincipledescribedunder‘Workinprogress’below).

Associated companiesAssociatedcompanyshareholdingsarenotreportedintheconsolidatedaccountsinviewoftheirrelativelymodestlevels(alsoseeNote12).

Work in progress, parent companyWorkinprogressisdefinedasuninvoicedresearchandconsultancyservicescarriedoutonacurrent-accountorafixed-pricebasis.

UnderSwedishtaxationlaw,fixed-pricecontractsshallbevaluedattheloweroftheaccrueddirectandindirectcosts,lessanyadvancepaymentsreceivedfromclients,providingscopeforthecreationofareserveinrespectofworkinprogress.

Fixed-priceworkinprogressisvaluedattheloweroftheproduc-tioncostandinvoicingvalue.Theproductioncosthasbeencalculat-edusingaprudentvaluation;inotherwords,applyingavalueabovethelowestpermissiblefiscalvalueandbelowthehighestvalue,inaccordancewithgoodaccountingpractice.

Work inprogressonacurrent-accountbasis isvaluedat theinvoicingvalue.

Ingrant-aidedprojectsinwhichIVLisacontractpartneroftheresearchfinancieranddisbursesprojectfundstootherprojectpar-ticipants,thefundsinquestionarenotreportedasturnover,butarerecordeddirectlyunderthebalancesheetitemof‘Advancepaymentsforworkinprogress’.Thismeansthatthefundsreceivedandthendisbursedtopartnersarereducedbyanamountcorrespondingtoinvoicingandoutlaycosts.

30



NotesNote 1 net sales , sek thousand


2009 2008 2009 2008

Net sales are divided into:Invoiced fees and analyses 200,255 185,753 199,742 184,975

Invoiced expenses 4,197 10,508 4,197 10,508

Total net sales 204,452 196,261 203,939 195,483

Ofthenetsalesfortheyear,20.32(18.56)%consistsofamountsinvoicedtotheparentcompanyasremunerationforjointly-financedresearchper-formedbythecompanyonacontractbasis.

Note 2 advance payments for work in progress , sek thousand


31 Dec 2009

31 Dec 2008

31 Dec 2009

31 Dec2 008

Assignment costs 487,861 432,852 470,978 419,705

Invoiced in advance –537,497 –471,047 –537,497 –471,047

Book value 49,636 38,195 66,519 51,342

Change reported in income statement 5,190 8,009 8,926 7,597

Change reported in balance statement 6,251 12,146 6,251 12,146

Total change for year 11,441 20,155 15,177 19,743

Note 3 other operating income, sek thousand


2009 2008 2009 2008

Currency changes, net – 1,354 – 1,396

Other 226 460 222 460

Total other income 226 1,814 222 1,856

Note 4 other external costs (sek thousand) group and parent company

TheitemincludesauditfeesofSEK216(220)thousandpaidtothecom-pany’sauditorandSEK0(3)thousandtootherGroupauditors.

Charges for financial leasing agreements in 2009 amounted toSEK15,322(14,288) thousand.Thechargesshown includerentalcon-tractsforpremises,companycars,computersandcertainofficeequip-ment.Leasingchargesfortheseagreementsinfutureyearsareallocatedasfollows:

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Leasing charges, other 2,392 1,499

Premises 12,481 12,481 12,481 12,481 10,400

Total 14,873 13,980 12,481 12,481 10,400

Note 5 personnel costs

Salariesandotherremuneration(SEKthousand)

Parent company 2009 2008

Salaries and other remu-

neration

Payroll overheads (of

which pen-sion costs)

Salaries and other remu-

neration

Payroll overheads (of

which pen-sion costs)

Board and CEO 2,044 1,280 1,804 1,359

(604) (711)

Other employees 70,387 33,549 66,465 36,285

(9,199) (11,787)

Total 72,431 34,829 68,269 37,644

of which pension provision for former CEO _ (2,873)

GroupThegroupalsopaysthesalariesoftheCEOofthejoint-venturecompany,amountingtoSEK97(75)thousand,andotherpermanentemployeesamountingtoSEK39(56)thousand.

Theaveragenumberofemployees1)fortheyearwasasfollows:

Parent company 2009 2008Men Women Total Men Women Total

Stockholm 57 41 98 58 37 95

Gothenburg 29 44 73 28 41 69

Total 86 85 171 86 78 164

1) defined as full-time, salaried employees

Numberofemployeesincompanymanagementgroup(ofwhichexecutivemanagement):

2009 2008

Men 11 (6) 11 (6)

Women 6 (0) 6 (0)

31



GroupTheGrouphas2(2)additionalemployees,includingonemaninanex-ecutivemanagementposition.

ManagementParent companyInaccordancewiththedecisionofAnnualGeneralMeeting,atotalofSEK357(330)thousandwaspaidinfeestomembersoftheboard.Ofthisamount,thechairmanoftheboardreceivedSEK55(55)thousand.

ThepositionofCEOoftheparentcompanyissubjecttoaperiodofnoticeof12monthsbythecompany,aswellasaseverancepaymentequiv-alentto12timestheincumbent’sfixedmonthlysalary.ShouldthepositionorresponsibilitiesoftheCEObealteredasaresultofsignificantchangesinthecompany’soperations,orbyachangeinownershipstructureaffectingthemajorityofcompanyshares,theCEOshallbeentitledtoresignsubjecttonoticeofsixmonthsandtoreceiveaseverancepaymentequivalentto18timeshisorherfixedmonthlysalary.

TheCEOshallbeentitledtoapensionfromtheageof62.TheCEO’spensionisofthedefinedcontributiontypeandanamountequivalentto35%ofsalaryfortheyearinquestion,includingthebenefitofacompanycar,isallocatedannuallyforthispurpose.Ifthepensionistakenafterage62,old-agepensioncontributionsshallbepaidinfullasthoughtheCEOhadcontinuedtoworkuntilage65.

GroupTheCEOofthejointventurecompanyisemployedonafull-timebasisforoneyearfrom1April2009.Thepositionisnotpensionable.

Note 6 depreciation of tangible and intangible fixed assets

Group and Parent companyDepreciationaccordingtoplanoffixturesandequipmentisappliedan-nuallyatarateof10%to20%oftheacquisitionvalue,fromthedateofacquisitionbytheparentcompanyduringtheyear.

Depreciationaccordingtoplanoffixturesandequipmentisappliedonthebasisoftheremainingeconomiclifeoftheasset,inaccordancewithavaluationdevelopedfortheinternationaljointventure.

Depreciationaccordingtoplanofcapitalisedexpenditureforsoft-waredevelopmentisappliedannuallyatarateof20%to33.3%oftheacquisitionvalue,fromthedateofcompletionduringtheyear.

Depreciationofbusinessgoodwillisappliedat20%oftheacquisi-tionvalue.Theneedfordepreciationisassessedonthebasisofthecur-rentvalueoffuturesurpluses.

Note 7 interest income and expenses

TheitemincludesbankinterestincomeofSEK203(387)thousand.SEK28(142)thousandoftheinterestexpensesoftheparentcompanyrelatestoGroupcompanies.

Note 8 appropriations and untaxed reserves (sek thousand)

Parent company

31 Dec 2009

31 Dec 2008

Opening untaxed reserves 8,603 5,557

Accumulated depreciation above plan 560 779

Change in tax allocation reserve 415 2,267

Total appropriations 975 3,046

Closing untaxed reserves of which deferred tax at 26.3 (28) % 2,519 2,409

Note 9 tax on profit for year (sek thousand)


2009 2008 2009 2008

Estimate of effective tax rateProfit before tax 5,401 6,183 731 3,207

Tax at current tax rate of 26.3 (28) % 1,420 1,731 192 898

Non-taxable income –2 –24 –41 –24

Non-deductible expenses 189 1,034 189 1,034

Tax from previous year – –735 2 –735

Current tax expenses, international 54 71 – –

Deferred tax –24 –79 – –

Effective tax 1,637 1,998 342 1,173

Effective tax rate, % 30.00% 32.30% 47.00% 36.60%

Note 10 intangible fixed assets (sek thousand)

Development costs Goodwill

31 Dec 2009

31 Dec 2008

31 Dec 2009

31 Dec 2008

Opening acquisition value 1,277 927 1,800 –

Acquisitions for year – 350 – 1,800

Closing accumulated acquisition value 1,277 1,277 1,800 1,800

Opening depreciation –201 –16 –210

Depreciation for year –302 –185 –360 –210

Closing accumulated depreciation –503 –201 –570 –210

Closing residual value according to plan 774 1,076 1,230 1,590

32



Note 11 fixtures and equipment (sek thousand)


31 Dec 2009

31 Dec 2008

31 Dec 2009

31 Dec 2008

Opening acquisition value 73,587 71,597 73,399 71,453

Purchases for year 5,603 1,961 5,595 1,947

Exchange rate differential/scrapped equipment –14 29 – –1

Closing accumulated acquisition value Opening depreciation 79,176 73,587 78,994 73,399

Closing accumulated acquisition value –61,279 –57,404 –61,154 –57,318

Exchange rate differential/scrapped equipment 10 –38 – –

Depreciation for year –4,114 –3,837 –4,099 –3,836

Closing accumulated depreciation –65,383 –61,279 –65,253 –61,154

Closing residual value 13,793 12,308 13,741 12,245

Note 12 financial assets (sek thousand)

Shares and holdings

Group

Parent

company

Company Number Holding, % Booked Nominal Booked

Holding in IVL Swed-ish Environmental Research Institute foundation for staff training 1 5 5 5

United Competence Sverige AB 400 20 40 40 40

BASTAonline AB 600 60 – 60 60

Sino-Swedish (Tianjin) Environmental Technology Development Co. Ltd 1 50 – 581 581

Total 45 686 686

Endowment insurance


31 Dec 2009

31 Dec 2008

31 Dec 20091

31 Dec 2008

Opening book value 1,917 – 1,917 –

Acquisition value 3,000 3,000

Change in value 73 83 73 83

Current portion –1,196 –1,167 –1,196 –1,167

Closing book value 794 1,917 794 1,917

Associated companiesUnitedCompetenceSverigeLtd.,corporateidentitynumber556622-8663,isheadquarteredinGothenburg.Adecisiontoliquidatethecompanywastakenin2008.

Note 13 prepaid expenses and accrued income (sek thousand)

TotallingSEK4,870(4,330)thousand,thisitemconsistsofprepaidrentalsforofficesandpremisesamountingtoSEK2,994(2,948)thousand,andotherprepaidexpensesamountingtoSEK1,876(1,382)thousand.

Note 14 equity (SEK thousand)

GroupShare

capital

Statu-tory

reserves

Non-restricted

reserves

Profit/loss for

year Total

Opening balance 7,000 17,078 17,757 4,185 46,020

Appropriation per AGM –4,185 –4,185 0

Transfer between restricted and non-restricted equity 3,474 –3,474 0

Translation difference 369 369

Gain/loss for year –74 –74

Closing balance 3,764 3,764

Opening balance 7,000 20,921 18,394 3,764 50,079

Parent companyShare

capital

Statu-tory

reserves

Profit/loss brought forward

Profit/loss for

year Total

Opening balance 7,000 1,400 19,694 2,034 30,128

Appropriation per AGM 2,034 –2,034 0

Profit/loss for year 389 389

Closing balance 7,000 1,400 21,728 389 30,517

33



Note 15 provisions (sek thousand)


31 Dec 2009

31 Dec 2008

31 Dec 2009

31 Dec 2008

Deferred tax 6,964 6,094 – –

Pension provisions 1,878 2,873 1,878 2,873

Total at end of year 8,842 8,967 1,878 2,873

Note 16 accrued expenses and deferred income (sek thousand)


31 Dec 2009

31 Dec 2008

31 Dec 2009

31 Dec 2008

Holiday and overtime liabilities 5,214 4,952 5,214 4,952

Accrued payroll overheads 2,301 4,902 2,301 4,902

Other accrued expenses 1,757 3,605 1,699 3,517

Total at end of year 9,272 13,459 9,214 13,371

Note 17 pledged assets and contingent liabilities (sek thousand)

2009-12-31 2008-12-31

Pledged assetsr Floating charges 5,000 5,000

Pledged endowment insurance 1,991 3,084

Total 6,991 8,084

Stockholm, 10 March 2010

KjellJansson MarieS.Arwidson Chairman of the Board

Lars-GöranBergquist KerstinCederlöf

PeterNygårds BirgittaPalmberger

ChristerForsgren KurtPalmgren

CamillaHållinderEhrencrona MarkSanctuary Staff representative Staff representative

TordSvedberg President & CEO

Myauditor’sreportwassubmittedon7April2010

UlfHDavéus Authorised Public Accountant

34


auditor’s report

Auditor’s reportTo the Annual General Meeting of IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd.,Corporate identity number 556116-2446:

IhaveauditedtheannualaccountsandaccountingrecordsofIVLSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstituteLtd.,aswellastheadministrationofthecompanybytheboardandCEO,fortheperiod1January2009to31December2009.TheboardandCEOareresponsiblefortheaccountsandadministrationofthecompany,andforensuringthattheannualaccountsarepre-paredincompliancewiththeSwedishAnnualAccountsAct.Myresponsibilityistoexpressanopinionontheannualaccountsandadministrationofthecompanyonthebasisofmyaudit.

TheauditwasconductedinaccordancewithacceptedauditingpracticeinSweden.ThismeansthatIhaveplannedandperformedtheaudittoensure,withhigh,althoughnotabsolutecertainty,thattheannualaccountsarefreeofmaterialinac-curacies.Anauditincludestheexaminationofaselectionoftheaccountdocumentsinrespectoftheamountsandotherinformationgivenintheaccounts.Anauditalsoincludestheassessmentoftheaccountingprinciplesusedandtheirap-plicationbytheboardofdirectorsandCEO,aswellasanassessmentofthesignificantestimatesmadebytheminpreparingtheannualaccountsandconsolidatedaccounts,inadditiontoevaluationoftheoverallinformationpresentedintheannualreport.Asabasisformyopinionconcerningdischargefromliability,Ihaveexaminedsignificantdecisions,actionstakenandthecircumstancesofthecompanyinordertodeterminetheliabilityfordamagestothecompany,ifany,ofanyboardmemberortheCEO.IhavealsoexaminedwhetheranyboardmemberortheCEOhas,inanyotherway,actedincontraventionoftheSwedishCompaniesAct,theSwedishAnnualAccountsActorthecompany’sarticlesofassociation.

Ibelievethatmyauditprovidesareasonablebasisformyopinionsassetoutbelow.

TheannualaccountsandgroupaccountshavebeenpreparedinaccordancewiththeSwedishAnnualAccountsAct,and,therefore,giveatruthfulviewofthecompany’sfinancialperformanceandpositioninaccordancewithacceptedaccountingpracticeinSweden.Thedirectors’reportisconsistentwiththeotherpartsoftheannualreport.

IrecommendthattheAnnualGeneralMeetingconfirmtheincomestatementsandbalancesheets,allocatetheprofitinac-cordancewiththeproposalmadeintheannualaccounts,anddischargethemembersoftheboardofdirectorsandtheCEOfromliabilityforthefinancialyear.

Stockholm7April2010

UlfHDavéusAuthorised Public Accountant

35


board

IVL Board

Kjell Jansson, ordförande

ChairmanoftheBoardBoardmembersince1997.CEO,Swedenergy

Marie S. ArwidsonBoardmembersince2004.CEO,SwedishForestIndustriesFederation

Lars-Göran BergquistBoardmembersince2000.Chairman,FoundationoftheSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstitute

Kerstin CederlöfBoardmembersince2004.Director,SwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency

Peter NygårdsBoardmembersince2008SeniorVicePresident,Swedbank

Birgitta PalmbergerBoardmembersince2005.Departmenthead,SwedishEnergyAgency

Christer ForsgrenMembersince2008Director,StenaMetall

Kurt PalmgrenBoardmembersince2003.Director

Camilla Hållinder EhrenkronaBoardmembersince2005.Staffrepresentative

Mark SanctuaryBoardmembersince2008.Staffrepresentative

Deputy membersLars Ekecrantz,MinistryoftheEnvironmentElisabeth Nilsson,CEOJernkontoretPer Erik Karlsson,staffrepresentativeÅsa Stenmarck,staffrepresentative

36


executive management group

Executive management group

The executive management group as of 1 February 2010: Standing, from left: Eva Bingel, Östen Ekengren, Karin Sjöberg, Elin Eriksson, Britt Björnspjut, Tord Svedberg and Åke Iverfeldt. Seated, from left: John Munthe, Anna Jarnehammar, Anna Jöborn and Mats Ridner

Executive management group:Tord Svedberg–President&CEOÖsten Ekengren–ExecutiveVicePresident,BusinessDevelopment&MarketingÅke Iverfeldt–ExecutiveVicePresident,BusinessDevelopment&MarketingMats Ridner–CFOJohn Munthe–VicePresident,ResearchElin Eriksson–Director,SustainableOrganisations,Products&ProcessesAnna Jarnehammar–Director,Climate&SustainableCitiesAnna Jöborn–Director,NaturalResources&EnvironmentalEffectsKarin Sjöberg–Director,AirPollution&AbatementStrategies

Adjunct members Eva Bingel–InformationDirectorBritt Björnspjut–Director,HumanResources

37


scientific papers

Sundseth,K,Pacyna,J.M.,Pacyna,E.G.,Munthe,J.,Belhaj,M.,Åström,S.2009,Economicbenefitsfromdecreasedmercuryemissions:Projectionsfor2020.JournalofCleanerProduction10.1016.

Bishop, K., Allan, C., Bringmark, L., Garcia, E.,Hellsten, S.,Högbom, L.,Johansson,K.,Lomander,A.,Meili,M.,Munthe,J.,Nilsson,M.,Porvari,P.,Skyllberg,U.,Sørensen,R.,Zetterberg,T.,andÅkerblom.2009.TheEffectsofForestryonHgBioaccumulationinNemoral/BorealWatersandRecommen-dationsforGoodSilviculturalPractice.Ambio38,373-380.

MoldanováJ,FridellE,Popovicheva,O.,Demirdjian,B.,Tishkova,V.,Faccinetto,A.,Focsa,C.2009.Characterisationofparticulatematterandgaseousemis-sionsfromalargeshipdieselengine.AtmosphericEnvironment43,2632-2641.

Eyring,E.IvarS.A.Isaksen,I.,S.,A.,Berntsen,T.,Collins,W.,J.,Corbett,J.,J.,Endresen,O.,Grainger,R.,G.,Moldanova,J.,Schlager,H.,Stevenson,D.,S.2009.AssessmentofTransportImpactsonClimateandOzone:Shipping.AtmosphericEnvironment43,DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.059.

Popovicheva,O.,Kireeva,E.,Shonija,N.,Zubareva,N.,Persiantseva,N.,Tishkova,V.,Demirdjian,B.,Moldanová,J.,Mogilnikov,V.2009.Shipparticulatepol-lutants:Characterizationintermsofenvironmentalimplication.JournalofEnvironmentalMonitoring,DOI:10.1039/b908180a.

ApsimonH.,AmannM.,ÅströmS.,OxleyT.2009.Synergiesinaddressingairqualityandclimatechange.ClimatePolicy,v.9,6,pp:669-680.

Tang,L.,Chen,D.,Karlsson,P.E.,Gu,Y.,andOu,T.2009.Synopticcircula-tionanditsinfluenceonspringandsummersurfaceozoneconcentrationsinsouthernSweden.BorealEnvironmentResearch,14,889-902.

PiikkiK.,KlingbergJ.,PihlKarlssonG.,Karlsson,P.E.,PleijelH.2009.Esti-matesofAOTozoneindicesfromtime-integratedozonedataandhourlyairtemperaturemeasurementsinsouthwestSweden.EnvironmentalPollution157,3051-3058.

Tang,L.,Karlsson,P.E.,Gu,Y.,Chen,D.,Grennfelt,P.2009.Synopticweathertypesandlong-rangetransportpatternsforozoneprecursorsduringhigh-ozoneeventsinsouthernSweden.Ambio38459-465.

Karlsson,P.E.,Pleijel,H.,Simpson.D.2009.OzoneexposureandimpactsonvegetationintheNordicandBalticCountries.Ambio38,402-405.

Karlsson,P.E.,Pleijel,H.,Danielsson,H.,PihlKarlsson,G.Piikki,K.,Uddling,J.2009.Evidencesforimpactsofnear-ambientozoneconcentrationsonvegeta-tioninsouthernSweden.Ambio38,425-432.

Futter,M.N.,Skeffington,R.A.,WhiteheadP.G.andMoldan,F.2009.Model-lingstreamandsoilwaternitratedynamicsduringexperimentallyincreasednitrogendepositioninaconiferousforestcatchmentatGårdsjön,Sweden.HydrolologyResearch40,2-3,187-197.

Pleijel,H.andDanielssonH.2009.YielddilutionofgrainZninwheatgrowninopen-topchamberexperimentswithelevatedCO2andO3exposure.JournalofCerealScience,Volume50,Issue2,278-282

Klingberg,J.,Tang,L.,Chen,D.,PihlKarlsson,G.,Bäck,E.,Pleijel,H.2009.SpatialvariationofmodelledandmeasuredNO,NO2andO3concentrationsinthepollutedurbanlandscape–relationtometeorologyduringtheGöte-2005campaign.AtmosphericChemicalandPhysicsDiscussion9,2081-2111.

Piikki,K.,Klingberg,J.,PihlKarlsson,G.,Karlsson,P.E.,Pleijel,H.2009.Esti-matesofAOTozoneindicesfromtime-integratedozonedataandhourlyairtemperaturemeasurementsinsouthwestSweden.EnvironmentalPollution.DOIinformation:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.038.

Klingberg,J.,Björkman,M.,P.,PihlKarlsson,G.,Pleijel,H.2009.Observa-tionsofground-levelozoneandNO2innorthernmostSweden,includingtheScandianMountainRange.Ambio38,448-451.

TangY.S.,SimmonsI.,vanDijkN.,DiMarcoC.,NemitzE.,DämmgenU.,GilkeK.,Y.,DjuricicV.,VidicS.,GlihaZ.,BoroveckiD.,MitosinkovaM.,Hans-senJ.E.,UggerudT.H.,SanzM.J.,SanzP.,ChordaJ.V.,FlechardC.,FauvelY.,FermM.,PerrinoC.&SuttonM.A.2009.Europeanscaleapplicationofatmosphericreactivenitrogenmeasurementsinalow-costapproachtoinferdrydepositionfluxes.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment133,183-195.

Tzanis,C.,Varotsos,C.,Ferm,M.,Christodoulakis,J.,Assimakopoulos,M.N.,andEfthymiou,C.2009.NitricacidandparticulatemattermeasurementsatAthens,Greece,inconnectionwithcorrosionstudies.AtmosphericChemistryandPhysics9,8309-8316.

Winnes,H.,Fridell,E.2009.Particleemissionsfromships;dependenceonfueltype.JournaloftheAirandWasteManagementAssociation,59,1391-1398.

Karlsson,O.M.,Malmaeus,J.M.,Wiberg,K.,Cornelissen,G.,Josefsson,S.2009.DioxinlevelsandcongenerpatternsinwatersedimentandfishfromacoastalestuaryoftheBalticSea.Organohalogencompounds71:810-815.

MalmaeusJ.M.,KarlssonO.M.JosefssonS.,WibergK.,2009.PCDD/FmassbalanceinacoastalestuaryoftheBalticSea:Afieldstudy.Organohalogencompounds71,664-669,2009

Westerberg,I.,Walther,A.,Guerrero,J-L.,Coello,Z.,Halldin,S.,Xu,C-Y.,Chen,D., Lundin,L-C.2009.Precipitationdata inamountainouscatchment inHonduras:qualityassessmentandspatiotemporalcharacteristics.JournalofTheoreticalandAppliedClimatologydoi:10.1007/s00704-009-0222-x.Se

Westerberg, I.2009.Climatevariabilityandwater resources inHonduras:methods for uncertainty estimation. Licentiatavhandling. Institutionen förgeovetenskaper,Uppsalauniversitet.

Bloom,E.,Larsson,L.,Must,A.,Nyman,E.,Pehrson,C.2009.MoldsandMycotoxinsinIndoorEnvironments-ASurveyinWaterdamagedBuildings.JournalofOccupationalandEnvironmentalHygiene,Vol6(11):671–678.2009

Fruergaard,T.,Astrup,T.,Ekvall,T.2009.Energyuseandrecovery inwastemanagementandimplicationsforaccountingofgreenhousegasesandglobalwarmingcontributions.WasteManagement&Research27:724-737.

Finnveden G, HauschildMZ, Ekvall T, Guinée J, Heijungs R, Hellweg S,KoehlerA,PenningtonD,SuhS.2009.RecentdevelopmentsinLifecycleAssessment.JournalofEnvironmentalManagement91(1):1-21.

Submitted 2009Salo,K.,Jonsson,Å.M.,Andersson,P.,Hallquist,M.2010.AerosolVolatilityandEnthalphyofSublimationofCarboxylicAcids.JournalofPhysicalChemistry.

Wolf,C.,Seuring,S.2010.Environmentalimpactsasbuyingcriteriaforthirdparty logistical services. International Journal of Physical Distribution &LogisticsManagement.

Svedäng,H.,Stål, J.Sterner,T.,Cardinale,M.2010.Consequencesofsub-populationstructureonfisheriesmanagement:cod(Gadusmorhua)intheKattegatandÖresund(NorthSea).ReviewsinFisheriesScience.

MakkonenU,HellénH.,AnttilaP,FermM.2009.Sizedistributionandchemicalcompositionofairborneparticlesinsouth-easternFinlandduringdifferentseasonsandwildfireepisodesin2006.ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment.

Goodale,C.,Thomas,R.,Dentener,F.,Adams,M.B.,Baron,J.,Emmett,B.,Evans,CD.,Fernandez,I.,Gundersen,P.,Hagedorn,F.,Lovett,G.,Kulmatiski,A.,McNulty,S.,Moldan,F.,Melvin,A.,Ollinger,S.,Schleppi,P.,Weiss,M.2009.Nitrogendepositionandforestcarbonsequestration:aquantitativesynthesisfromplottoglobalscales.GlobalChangeBiology.

Antonsson,A-B.,Schmidt,L.,HäggG.2009.Whichconditionsandfactorshavetobeincludedinmultifactoralinterventionstreducemusculoskeletaldiseasesamongcleaners?AppliedErgonomics.

Westerberg,I.,Guerrero,J-L.,Seibert,J.,Beven,K.,Halldin,S.2009.Stage-dischargeuncertaintyderivedwithanon-stationaryratingcurveintheCholutecaRiver,Honduras.HydrologicalProcesses.

Ekstrand,S.,Wallenberg,P.,Djodjic,F.2009.ProcessedbasedmodellingofPhosphoruslossesfromarableland.Ambio.

Ekstrand,S.,Wallenberg,P.2009.Climatechangeimpactonnutrientlossinregionswithpronouncedwinterseasons.WaterandClimate.

Scientific papers

Production: IVL in collaboration with AddiraPhotography: Anna Hallin (unless otherwise credited)Photos on pages 2 and 35 by Torbjörn LarssonPrinting: Litografia Alfaprint, Sundbyberg, May 2010English translation and editing: Techtrans Ireland, Cork

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