Yamada APDD Eng Handbk

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INTRODUCTION

Many engineers, consultants, sales people and technicians who work withair-powered diaphragm pumps have occasions to refer to various charts,tables, curves and other data which is scattered throughout various booksand publications. This handbook has been prepared in order to bringmuch of this information into a convenient and easy-to-use form.Hopefully the information contained in this handbook will be useful in boththe office and plant. We have made this handbook specifically for air-pow-ered diaphragm pumps and the people who use them. There will bereprints at a later date, so please let us know of any omissions or errors.

Edited by: David HollenList Price: $10.00

Yamada America, Inc.955 E. Algonquin Road, Arlington Heights, IL 60005

Phone (800) 990-7867 or (847) 631-9200Fax (847) 631-9273 • www.yamadapump.com

http://www.yamadapump.com


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INDEX

Hydraulic Data Chapter 1

Formulas & Conversions Chapter 2

Friction Loss Chapter 3

Viscous Fluids & Slurries Chapter 4

Materials of Construction Chapter 5

Corrosion Resistance Guide Chapter 6

Air Data Chapter 7

Principles of Operation Chapter 8

Installation & Troubleshooting Chapter 9


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HYDRAULIC DATA

Some Guidance On Pump Selection 2

Common Terms and Definitions 3

Head Requirement Calculation Guide 4

Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) 5

Acceleration Head 6

Specific Gravity Conversion Tables 8

Correcting Pump Head for Specific Gravity 8

Properties of Water 9

Suction Lift Derate 10

Capacity of Round Tanks 11

Capacity of Square Tanks 11

Theoretical Discharge of Nozzles in U.S. GPM 12


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SOME GUIDANCE ON PUMP SELECTION

1-1/2" PUMP

To prolong diaphragm life and optimize perfor-mance, one should recommend specifying apump with a capacity approximately 1.5 times larg-er than required. This will prevent over speedingand lower liquid velosities thus extendingdiaphragm life and limiting abrasive wear on liquidend components.

To determine if a particular pump’s performancemeets your requirements, first determine thedesired supply air pressure. The relation betweenthe discharge pressure head and discharge volumeat various air pressures is plotted on the perfor-mance curve with solid line.

Next, determine if the desired discharge volumeand discharge pressure head fall under the select-ed supply air pressure curve. If so, the pump isadequate for your needs; if not, a larger capacitypump and/or higher supply pressure is required.

The dashed lines on the performance curve indi-cate air consumption at the desired dischargepressure head and discharge volume. Note thatconsumption is not affected by air supply pressure.

All test data in this product guide are at normaltemperature (70°F) using fresh water and 1 ft.flooded suction. Discharge volume and dischargehead may vary according to the characteristics(viscosity, specific gravity, etc.) of the liquid.

On the above performance curve, we have sized apump for a system requiring 60 GPM @ 75' TDH.Please note that at this point on the performancecurve the pump will require 60 PSIG air pressureand 35 SCFM air volume.


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COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

The term “head’ by itself is rather misleading. It is commonly taken to mean the differ-ence in elevation between the suction level and the discharge level of the liquid beingpumped. Although this is partially correct, it does not include all of the conditions thatshould be included to give an accurate description.

FRICTION HEAD– is the pressure expressed in feet of liquid orlbs./sq. in. needed to overcome the resistance tothe flow in the pipe and fittings.

SUCTION LIFT– exists when the source of supply is below thecenter of the pump.

SUCTION HEAD/FLOODED SUCTION– exists when the source of supply is above thecenter line of the pump. Also referred to as positivesuction.

STATIC SUCTION LIFT– is the vertical distance from the center line of thepump down to the free level of the liquid source.

STATIC SUCTION HEAD– is the vertical distance from the center line of thepump up to the free level of the liquid source.

STATIC DISCHARGE HEAD– is the vertical elevation from the center line of thepump to the point of free discharge.

DYNAMIC SUCTION LIFT– includes static suction lift, friction head loss, andvelocity head.

DYNAMIC SUCTION HEAD– includes static suction head minus friction headminus velocity head.

DYNAMIC DISCHARGE HEAD– includes static discharge head plus friction headplus velocity head.

TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD– includes the dynamic discharge head plusdynamic suction lift or minus dynamic suctionhead.

VELOCITY HEAD– is the head needed to accelerate the liquid.Knowing the velocity of the liquid, the velocityhead loss can be calculated by a simple formulaHead=V2/2g in which g is acceleration due to grav-ity or 32.16 ft/sec2.

SPECIFIC GRAVITYDirect ratio of any liquid’s weight to the weight ofwater at 62°F. Water at 62°F weighs 8.33# per gal-lon and is designated 1.0 sp. gr.

VISCOSITYProperty of a liquid that resists any force tending toproduce flow. It is the evidence of cohesionbetween the particles of a fluid which causes a liq-

uid to offer resistance analogous to friction. Anincrease in the temperature usually reduces theviscosity; conversely, a temperature reduction usu-ally increases the viscosity. Pipe friction lossincreases as viscosity increases.

EFFECTS OF VISCOSITYViscous liquids tend to reduce pump efficiency,reduce capacity and increase pipe friction.


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HEAD REQUIREMENT CALCULATION GUIDE

Required Head = Pipe Friction Loss ± Altitude Change ± Static Pressure Change

Static head change is found by multiplying the gauge difference by

Pumping Head Required for a given capacity in gallons per minute is determined as follows:

1. List all pipe fittings in separate groups according to pipe size. Save any special components (suchas heat exchanges or filters) having manufacturer’s head loss data for Step 6.

2. Convert fittings to equivalent lengths of pipe for each pipe size.

3. Add actual pipe length to equivalent pipe lengths of each pipe size.

4. Convert total equivalent pipe length (result of Step 3) to head loss for each pipe size according tothe following formula:

Head loss = × total equivalent pipe length

5. Add friction losses for all pipe sizes together.

6. Add head loss of special components.

7. Add altitude change.

8. Convert static pressure change to feet (static head change) according to following formula:

Static head change = Static pressure change (PSIG) ×

9. Add static head change (Step 8) to head total (thru Step 7). The resulting figure is the requiredpumping head or total dynamic head.

2.31

Specific Gravity

Friction loss per 100 feet of pipe

100

2.31

Specific Gravity

Pipe Friction Loss is always positive and is thehead loss in feet due to friction resistance betweenthe pipe walls and the moving liquid.

Altitude Change is the elevation difference in feetbetween the free liquid levels of the supply sourceand the pump. If the receiver level is higher thanthe supply level, altitude change is positive. If thepump level is lower than the supply, altitudechange is negative.

Static Pressure Change is the difference in PSIGbetween gauge pressures of the supply vessel andthe receiver. If the receiver gauge pressure is high-er than that of the supply vessel, the static pres-sure change is positive. If the receiver gauge pres-sure is lower than that of the supply vessel, the sta-tic pressure change is negative.


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NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD (NPSH)

DETERMINING NPSH AVAILABLE

NPSHA = (Barometer + Gauge – Vapor Pressure) × ± Static Height – Pipe Loss2.31

Specific Gravity

NPSH combines all the factors limiting the suctionside of a pump; internal pump losses, static suc-tion lift, friction losses, vapor pressure and atmos-pheric conditions. It is important to differentiatebetween NPSH REQUIRED and NPSH AVAIL-ABLE.

REQUIRED NPSH is a factor designed into apump and measurable in the test laboratory by themanufacturer.

AVAILABLE NPSH is the term for providing suffi-cient pressure on the pump suction, at the inlet

port centerline, to prevent “boiling.” It is a functionof the pumping system and consists of: pressureon the liquid at its source, the elevation of the liq-uid with respect to the inlet centerline, losses in thesuction piping and vapor pressure of the liquid.

If the available NPSH is not equal to, or greaterthan, that required by the pump, it must beincreased. This may be accomplished by increas-ing the static head, increasing pressure on the liq-uid supply surface, decreasing friction loss, ordecreasing liquid temperature.

BAROMETER valve in pounds per square inchabsolute (PSIA) should be the lowest likely readingfor the area where the pump will be installed. (Usetable, page 9, to convert barometer reading ininches of mercury to PSIA.)

GAUGE PRESSURE (PSIG) is the pressure inpounds per square inch ABOVE atmospheric pres-sure on the surface of the liquid in the supply ves-sel.

VAPOR PRESSURE is the value in pounds persquare inch absolute (PSIA) at which the liquid willboil at a given temperature.

STATIC HEIGHT is the distance in feet betweenthe pump suction centerline and the surface levelof the liquid in the supply vessel. If the surface lev-el of the liquid is higher than the pump suction, sta-tic height is positive. If the surface level of the liq-uid is lower than the pump suction, static height isnegative.

PIPE LOSS is the friction loss in feet between thesupply vessel and the pump.

The NPSH information provided here is for generaluse will all pumps. However, when using adiaphragm pump (reciprocating pump) some addi-tional allowances must be made. This additionalrequirement is “Acceleration Head.” This is thehead required to accelerate the liquid column oneach suction stroke so that there will be no separa-tion of this column in the pump or suction line.

If this minimum condition is not met, the pump mayexperience a fluid knock caused when the liquidcolumn, which has a vapor space between it andthe diaphragm, overtakes the receding diaphragm.This knock occurs approximately two-thirds of theway through the suction stroke.

If sufficient acceleration is provided for the liquid tocompletely follow the motion of the receding faceof the diaphragm, this knock will disappear.

If there is insufficient head to meet minimum accel-eration requirement of NPSH, the pump will experi-ence cavitation resulting in loss of volumetric effi-ciency; also, damage may occur due to the forcesin collapsing the gas or vapor bubbles.


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Acceleration head — reciprocating pumpsAcceleration head is the head required to accelerate the fluid column is a function of the length of thesuction line, the average velocity in this line, the cycle speed, the type of pump, and the relative elastici-ty of the fluid and the pipe; and it may be calculated as follows:

ha =

where:

ha = Acceleration head in feet

L = Length of suction line in feet

V = Velocity in suction line in fps

n = Pump speed in cycles per minute (cpm)

*C = Constant (for the type of pump)

C = 0.200 for duplex single-acting (diaphragm pump)

= 0.115 for duplex double-acting

= 0.066 for triplex single or double-acting

= 0.040 for quintuplex single or double-acting

= 0.028 for septuplex single or double-acting

= 0.022 for nonuplex single or double-acting

*K = A factor representing the reciprocal of the fraction of the theoretical acceleration head which must be provided to avoid a noticeable disturbance in the suction line: (K = 2.5 for hot oil, 2.0 most hydrocarbons, 1.5 amine, glycol, water, 1.4 deaerated water,1.0 urea and liquids with small amounts of entrained gases).

g = Gravitation constant (32.174 ft/sec2)

LVnC

Kg

ACCELERATION HEAD


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Example: A diaphragm pump running at 65 cycles per minute (50 gpm) with 20' of 2-1/2" suction pipe,the equation would be as follows:

= = 19.44'875.6

45.04

20' (suction line length) × 3.35 (velocity) × 64 (cycles per minute) × 0.2

1.4 (water factor) × 32.174 (gravitational constant)

A pulsation dampener properly installed in closeproximity to the pump can absorb the cyclical flowvariation and reduce the pressure fluctuation in thesuction pipe to that corresponding to a length of 5to 15 pipe diameters, if properly adjusted.

There is a similar pressure fluctuation on the dis-charge side of every diaphragm pump, but it can-not be analyzed as readily because of the greater

influence of liquid and piping elasticity and thesmaller diameter and much greater length of thedischarge line in most applications. However, apulsation dampener can be just as effective inabsorbing the flow variation on the discharge sideof the pump, as on the suction side, and should beused if pressure-fluctuation and piping vibration isa problem.

The total acceleration head is 19.44 feet.

This number can be both a positive and a negativenumber in the same application.

During the initiation of the intake stroke it will be anegative because the liquid in the suction line is atrest, and this number represents the energy toovercome the inertia of the liquid at rest.

At the end of the intake stroke, this will be a posi-tive number because the liquid will be in motionand when the diaphragm comes to the end of its

intake stroke, this is the energy required to decel-erate the liquid. At this point there will be a pres-sure spike equivalent to this number.

A suction stabilizer is especially critical when usingTeflon® (PTFE) diaphragms.


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CORRECTING PUMP HEAD FOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY

SPECIFIC GRAVITY CONVERSION TABLES

1. Pump requirement must be expressed in feet of head. If requirement is given in pounds per squareinch (PSI), it may be converted to feet using this formula:

Ft. of Water = PSI ×

2. Select pump from performance curve.

3. Note pump air requirements.

2.31

Specific Gravity

NOTE: To convert degrees API to specific gravity(liquids lighter than water)

Sp. Gr. =

To convert degrees Baumé to specific gravity (liq-uids heavier than water)

Sp. Gr. = 145

145 – Degrees Baumé

141.5

131.5 + Degrees API

Baumé

0123456789

SpecificGravity

1.0001.0061.0141.0211.0281.0351.0431.0501.0581.066

Wght.per Gal.

8.338.388.458.518.578.628.698.758.828.88

Baumé

10111213141516171819

SpecificGravity

1.0741.0821.0901.0981.1061.1151.1251.1321.1411.150

Wght.per Gal.

8.959.029.289.159.229.299.379.439.519.58

Baumé

20212223242526272829

SpecificGravity

1.1601.1691.1781.1881.1981.2081.2181.2281.2391.250

Wght.per Gal.

9.679.749.829.909.9810.0710.1510.2310.3210.42

Baumé

30313233343536373839

SpecificGravity

1.2601.2711.2831.2941.3061.3181.3301.3421.3551.367

Wght.per Gal.

10.5010.5910.6910.7810.8810.9811.0811.1811.2911.39

Baumé

40455055606570–––

SpecificGravity

1.3811.4501.5261.6111.7051.8121.933

–––

Wght.per Gal.

11.5112.0812.7213.4214.2115.1016.11

–––

API

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930

SpecificGravity

1.0000.9930.9860.9790.9730.9660.9590.9530.9460.9400.9340.9280.9210.9160.9100.9040.8980.8930.8870.8820.876

Wght.per Gal.

8.338.278.218.168.108.047.997.947.887.837.787.737.687.637.587.537.487.437.397.347.30

API

313233343536373839404142434445464748495051

SpecificGravity

0.8710.8650.8600.8550.8500.8450.8400.8350.8300.8250.8200.8160.8110.8060.8020.7970.7930.7880.7840.7800.775

Wght.per Gal.

7.257.217.167.127.087.036.996.956.916.876.836.796.756.716.686.646.606.566.536.496.46

API

525354555657585960616263646566676869707172

SpecificGravity

0.77120.76700.76370.75970.75560.75160.74760.74370.73980.73590.73100.72830.72460.72090.71720.71360.70900.70650.70200.69950.6950

Wght.per Gal.

6.426.396.356.326.286.286.226.186.156.126.096.066.035.995.965.935.905.875.855.825.79

API

737475767778798081828384858687888990–––

SpecificGravity

0.69260.68930.68590.68260.67930.67500.67280.66960.6665.066340.66030.65720.65410.6511.064810.64520.64220.6393

–––

Wght.per Gal.

5.765.735.705.685.655.625.605.575.545.525.495.475.445.425.395.375.345.32

–––

API

919293949596979899100

–––––––––––

SpecificGravity

.36.633.630.628.625.622.619.617.614.611

–––––––––––

Wght.per Gal.

5.295.275.255.225.205.185.155.135.115.09

–––––––––––

CONVERSION TABLE BAUMÉSpecific Gravity — Weight per Gallon for liquids HEAVIER than water

CONVERSION TABLE APISpecific Gravity — Weight per Gallon for liquids LIGHTER than water


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6070808590100110120130140150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204

0.260.360.510.600.700.951.271.692.222.893.723.813.904.004.104.204.314.414.524.634.744.854.975.095.215.335.465.595.725.855.996.136.276.426.566.716.877.027.187.347.517.687.858.028.208.388.578.768.959.149.349.549.759.9610.1710.3810.6010.8311.0611.2911.5311.7712.0112.2612.51

0.590.891.21.41.62.23.03.95.06.88.89.09.29.49.79.910.110.410.710.911.211.511.712.012.312.612.913.313.613.914.214.514.915.215.615.916.316.717.117.417.818.318.719.119.520.020.420.921.421.822.322.823.323.824.324.925.425.926.627.127.628.228.829.430.0

0.9990.9980.9970.9960.9950.9930.9910.9890.9860.9830.9810.9810.9800.9800.9790.9790.9790.9780.9780.9780.9770.9770.9770.9760.9760.9760.9750.9750.9740.9740.9740.9730.9730.9730.9720.9720.9720.9710.9710.9710.9700.9700.9700.9690.9690.9690.9680.9680.9670.9670.9660.9660.9650.9650.9650.9640.9640.9630.9630.9630.9630.9620.9620.9620.961

205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245250260270280290300310320330340350360380400420440460480500520540

12.7713.0313.3013.5713.8414.1214.4114.7014.9915.2915.5915.9016.2216.5416.8617.1917.5217.8618.2118.5618.9219.2819.6520.0220.0420.7821.1721.5721.9722.3822.8023.2223.6524.0924.5324.9725.4325.8926.3626.7327.3129.8335.4441.8749.2257.5767.077.789.7103.0118.0134.6153.0195.8247.3308.8381.6466.9566.1580.8812.4962.5

30.631.232.032.633.233.934.635.436.237.037.738.439.240.040.841.642.543.344.245.045.946.847.748.649.550.551.452.553.554.555.556.657.858.859.861.062.163.364.565.666.873.287.4103.6122.8144.0168.6197.0228.4264.0305.0349.0399.2517.7663.9842.41058.51318.01630.52000.12445.52980.4

0.9610.9600.9600.9600.9590.9590.9580.9580.9570.9570.9570.9560.9560.9560.9550.9550.9550.9540.9540.9530.9530.9530.9520.9520.9510.9510.9510.9500.9500.9500.9490.9490.9480.9480.9480.9470.9470.9460.9460.9460.9450.9430.9380.9330.9270.9230.9180.9130.9080.9020.8960.8910.8860.8740.8610.8470.8330.8180.8020.7860.7670.746

PROPERTIES OF WATERAbsolute Specific Gravity Absolute Specific Gravity

Temp Vapor Pressure (Water at 39.2°F Temp. Vapor Pressure (Water at 39.2°F°F = 1.000) °F = 1.000)

Psi. Ft. Water Psi. Ft. Water

Altitude(feet)–1000–5000.0

+500+1000+1500+2000+2500+3000+3500+4000+4500+5000+5500+6000+6500+7000+7500+8000+8500+9000+9500+10000+15000

BarometerInches

Mercury31.030.529.929.428.928.327.827.326.826.325.825.424.924.424.023.523.122.722.221.821.421.020.616.9

PSIA15.215.014.714.414.213.913.713.413.212.912.712.412.212.011.811.511.311.110.910.710.510.310.18.3

(ft. water)35.134.633.933.332.832.131.531.030.429.829.228.82.8227.627.226.726.225.725.224.724.323.823.419.2

BoilingPoint °F213.8212.9212.0211.1210.2209.3208.4207.4206.5205.6204.7203.8202.9201.9201.0200.1199.2198.3197.4196.5195.5194.6193.7184.0

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND BOILINGPOINT OF WATER AT VARIOUS ALTITUDES

Atmospheric Pressure

VACUUM CONVERSION DATAVacuumInches,Mercury

3029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

PSIG

14.7014.2113.7213.2312.7412.2511.7611.2710.7810.299.809.318.828.337.847.356.866.375.885.394.904.413.923.432.942.451.961.470.980.490.00

Inches of Water

407.70393.60380.05366.40352.90339.30325.70312.10298.60285.06271.40257.80244.30230.70217.70203.60190.02176.40162.80149.30135.70122.10108.5095.0081.4067.8054.2040.7027.1013.600.00

Feet of Water

33.9032.8031.6030.5029.4028.3027.1026.0024.9023.7022.6021.5020.3019.2018.0017.0015.8014.7013.5012.4011.3010.209.007.906.805.704.503.402.301.130.00

PSIA

0.000.490.981.471.962.452.943.433.924.414.905.395.886.376.867.357.848.338.829.319.8010.2910.7511.2711.7612.2512.7418.2313.7214.2114.70

Equivalents

PROPERTIES OF WATER


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Decrease in Pumping Rate for Specified Suction Lift

EXAMPLE:

With a suction lift of 12 feet, the pumping ratedecreases by approximately 20%. This figurevaries with different pump configurations.

The above derate curve is intended as a generalguideline only for diaphragm pumps 3/4" andlarger.

Due to the fact PTFE diaphragms do not have theflexing characteristics of rubber diaphragms ashorter center rod is utilized. In turn, the capacityand suction lift capability of the PTFE fitted pumpis decreased.

Use the above flow/capacity correction factor forselecting and determining the

appropriate size diaphragm pump. Refer to theperformance curves located in the

sales brochure.

EXAMPLE: 50 GPM is the desired flow rate at8000 cp which requires a 50%

derate. 50 GPM divided by 0.50 = 100 GPM on awater based performance curve.

Diaphragm Pump Correction Factor For Viscous Liquids

SUCTION LIFT DERATE


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CAPACITY OF SQUARE TANKS

Dia.

1' 0"1' 1"1' 2"1' 3"1' 4"1' 5"1' 6"1' 7"1' 8"1' 9"1' 10"1' 11"2' 0"2' 1"2' 2"2' 3"2' 4"2' 5"2' 6"2' 7"2' 8"2' 9"2' 10"2' 11"3' 0"3' 1"3' 2"3' 3"3' 4"3' 5"3' 6"3' 7"3' 8"3' 9"3' 10"3' 11"

Gals.

5.876.898.009.1810.4411.7913.2214.7316.3217.9919.7521.5823.5025.5027.5829.7431.9934.3136.7239.2141.7844.4347.1649.9852.8855.8658.9262.0665.2868.5871.9775.4478.9982.6286.3390.13

AreaSq. Ft.

0.7850.9221.0391.2271.3961.5761.7671.9692.1822.0452.6402.8853.1423.4093.6873.9764.2764.5874.9095.2415.5855.9406.3056.6817.0697.4677.8768.2968.7279.1689.62110.08510.55911.04511.54112.048

Dia.

4' 0"4' 1"4' 2"4' 3"4' 4"4' 5"4' 6"4' 7"4' 8"4' 9"4' 10"4' 11"5' 8"5' 9"5' 10"5' 11"6' 0"6' 3"6' 6"6' 9"7' 0"7' 3"7' 6"7' 9"8' 0"8' 3"8' 6"8' 9"9' 0"9' 3"9' 6"9' 9"10' 0"10' 3"10' 6"10' 9"

Gals.

94.0097.96102.00106.12110.32114.61118.97123.42127.95132.56137.25142.02188.66194.25199.92205.67211.51229.50248.23267.69287.88308.81330.48352.88376.01399.80424.48449.82475.89502.70530.24558.51587.52617.26640.74678.95

AreaSq. Ft.

12.56613.09513.63514.18614.74815.32115.9016.5017.1017.7218.3518.9925.2225.9726.7327.4928.2730.6835.1835.7838.4841.2844.1847.1750.2753.4656.7560.1363.6267.2070.8874.6678.5482.5286.5990.76

Dia.

11' 0"11' 3"11' 6"11' 9"12' 0"12' 3"12' 6"12' 9"13' 0"13' 3"13' 6"13' 9"14' 0"14' 3"14' 6"14' 9"15' 0"15' 3"15' 6"15' 9"16' 0"16' 3"16' 6"16' 9"19' 0"19' 3"19' 6"19' 9"20' 0"20' 3"20' 6"20' 9"21' 0"21' 3"21' 6"21' 9"

Gals.

710.90743.58776.99811.14846.03881.65918.00955.09992.911031.501070.801110.801151.501193.001235.301278.201321.9013366.401411.501457.401504.101551.401599.501648.402120.902177.102234.002291.702350.102409.202469.102529.602591.002653.002715.802779.30

AreaSq. Ft.

95.0399.40103.87108.43113.10117.86122.72126.78132.73137.89142.14148.49153.94159.48165.13170.87186.71182.65188.69198.83201.06207.39213.82220.35283.53291.04298.65306.35314.16322.06330.06338.16346.36354.696363.05371.54

Dia.

22' 0"22' 3"22' 6"22' 9"23' 0"23' 3"23' 6"23' 9"24' 0"24' 3"24' 6"24' 9"25' 0"25' 3"25' 6"25' 9"26' 0"26' 3"26' 6"26' 9"27' 0"27' 3"27' 6"27' 9"28' 0"28' 3"28' 6"28' 9"29' 0"29' 3"29' 6"29' 9"30' 0"30' 3"30' 6"30' 9"

Gals.

2843.602908.602974.303040.803108.003175.903244.603315.003384.103455.003526.603598.903672.003745.803820.303895.603971.604048.404125.904204.104283.004362.704443.104524.304606.204688.804772.104856.204941.005026.605112.905199.905287.705376.205465.405555.40

AreaSq. Ft.

380.13388.82397.61406.49415.48424.56433.74443.01452.39461.86471.44481.11490.87500.74510.71527.77530.93541.19551.55562.00572.66583.21593.96604.81615.75626.80637.94649.18660.52671.96683.49695.13706.86718.69730.62742.64

CAPACITY OF ROUND TANKS

To find the capacity of tanks greater than shown above, find a tank of one-half the size desired, and mul-tiply its capacity by four, or find one one-third the size desired and multiply its capacity by 9.

DIMENSIONS CONTENTS IN GALLONS FOR DEPTH IN FEETIN FEET

4 × 4 ………………5 × 5 ………………6 × 6 ………………7 × 7 ………………8 × 8 ………………9 × 9 ………………

10 × 10 ………………11 × 11 ………………12 × 12 ………………

1'119.68187.00269.28366.52478.72605.88748.08905.081077.12

4'479.00748.001077.001466.001915.002424.002992.003620.004308.00

5'598.00935.001346.001833.002394.003029.003740.004525.005386.00

6'718.001202.001616.002199.002872.003635.004488.005430.006463.00

8'957.001516.002154.002922.003830.004847.005984.007241.008617.00

10'1197.001870.002693.003665.004787.006059.007480.009051.0010771.00

11'1316.002057.002968.004032.005266.006665.008228.009956.0011848.00

12'1436.002244.003231.004398.005745.007272.008976.00

10861.0012925.00

To find the capacity of a depth not given, multiply the capacity for one foot by the required depth in feet.


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HEAD DIAMETER OF NOZZLE INCHES

Pounds Feet 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8

10 23.1 38.6 0.37 1.48 3.32 5.91 13.3 23.6 36.9 53.1 72.415 34.6 47.25 0.45 1.81 4.06 7.24 16.3 28.9 45.2 65.0 88.520 46.2 54.55 0.52 2.09 4.69 8.35 18.8 33.4 52.2 75.1 102.025 57.7 61.0 0.58 2.34 5.25 9.34 21.0 37.3 58.3 84.0 114.030 69.3 66.85 0.64 2.56 5.75 10.2 23.0 40.9 63.9 92.0 125.035 80.8 72.2 0.69 2.77 6.21 11.1 24.8 44.2 69.0 99.5 135.040 92.4 77.2 0.74 2.96 6.64 11.8 26.6 47.3 73.8 106.0 145.045 103.9 81.8 0.78 3.13 7.03 12.5 28.2 50.1 78.2 113.0 153.050 115.5 86.25 0.83 3.30 7.41 13.2 29.7 52.8 82.5 119.0 162.055 127.0 90.4 0.87 3.46 7.77 13.8 31.1 55.3 86.4 125.0 169.060 138.6 94.5 0.90 3.62 8.12 14.5 32.5 57.8 90.4 130.0 177.065 150.1 98.3 0.94 3.77 8.45 15.1 33.8 60.2 94.0 136.0 184.070 161.7 102.1 0.98 3.91 8.78 15.7 35.2 62.5 97.7 141.0 191.075 173.2 105.7 1.01 4.05 9.08 16.2 36.4 64.7 101.0 146.0 198.080 184.8 109.1 1.05 4.18 9.39 16.7 37.6 66.8 104.0 150.0 205.085 196.3 112.5 1.08 4.31 9.67 17.3 38.8 68.9 108.0 155.0 211.090 207.9 115.8 1.11 4.43 9.95 17.7 39.9 70.8 111.0 160.0 217.095 219.4 119.0 1.14 4.56 10.2 18.2 41.0 72.8 114.0 164.0 223.0100 230.9 112.0 1.17 4.67 10.0 18.7 42.1 74.7 117.0 168.0 229.0105 242.4 125.0 1.20 4.79 10.8 19.2 43.1 76.5 120.0 172.0 234.0110 254.0 128.0 1.23 4.90 11.0 19.6 44.1 78.4 122.0 176.0 240.0115 265.5 130.9 1.25 5.01 11.2 20.0 45.1 80.1 125.0 180.0 245.0120 277.1 133.7 1.28 5.12 11.5 20.5 46.0 81.8 128.0 184.0 251.0125 288.6 136.4 1.31 5.22 11.7 20.9 47.0 83.5 130.0 188.0 256.0130 300.2 139.1 1.33 5.33 12.0 21.3 48.0 85.2 133.0 192.0 261.0135 311.7 141.8 1.36 5.43 12.2 21.7 48.9 86.7 136.0 195.0 266.0140 323.3 144.3 1.38 5.53 12.4 22.1 49.8 88.4 138.0 199.0 271.0145 334.8 146.9 1.41 5.62 12.6 22.5 50.6 89.9 140.0 202.0 275.0150 346.4 149.5 1.43 5.72 12.9 22.9 51.5 91.5 143.0 206.0 280.0175 404.1 161.4 1.55 6.18 13.9 24.7 55.6 98.8 154.0 222.0 302.0200 461.9 172.6 1.65 6.61 14.8 26.4 59.5 106.0 165.0 238.0 323.0

Velocityof

DischargeFeet

Per Second

THEORETICAL DISCHARGE OF NOZZLES IN U.S. GPM


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English Standard to Metric 14

Metric Flow Formulas 15

Symbols 15

United States Standard Baume Scales 16

Relation Between Specific Gravity and Degree API at 60°F 17

Relation Between Specific Gravity and Degrees Brix 18

Pounds Per Cubic Foot at Various Specific Gravities 19

Conversion Factors-Water Analysis 19

Fahrenheit/Celsius Graph 20

Temperature Conversion Chart 21

Decimal and Metric Equivalents 22

FORMULAS & CONVERSIONS


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FLOW

Lbs of Water/Hr x .002 = Gal. MinGal/Min x 500 = Lbs of Water/Hr

x .002 = Gal. Min

Liters/Min x .264 = Gal/Min (US)GPM x 3.785 = Liters/MinCu Meters/Hr x 4.4 = Gal/Min (US)Gal/Min x .227 = Cu Meters/HrKg of Water/Min x .264 = gal/Min (US)Gal/Min x 3.8 = Kg of Water/Min

PRESSURE

Ft of Water x .433 = PSIPSI x 2.31 = Ft of WaterInches Hg x .491 = PSIInches Hg x 1.133 = Ft of WaterATM x 14.7 = PSIATM x 33.9 = Ft of WaterKg/Sq cm x 14.22 = PSIMeters of Water x 1.42 = PSIATM x 760 = mm Hgmm Hg x .039 = Inches HgBar x 14.5 = PSINewton/Meter2 x 1 = PascalPSI x 6.9 = kPa (Kilopascal)kPa x .145 = PSI

VOLUME

Lbs Water x .119 = GalGal (Brit) x 1.2 = Gal (US)Gal x 128 = Fluid OuncesCubic Ft x 7.48 = GalCubic In x .00433 = GalGal x 3.785 = LitersLiter x .264 = GalCubic Meters x 264.2 = GallonsCubic Meter x 1000 = LiterLiters x 1000 = Cubic CentimetersCubic Centimeters x .0338 = Fluid OuncesFluid Ounces x 29.57 = Cubic Centimeters

TEMPERATURE

(1.8 x 8C) + 32 = °F.555 (°F – 32°) = °CDegrees Kelvin – 273.2 = Degrees Centigrade

LENGTH

Mils x .001 = InchesMeters x 3.281 = FeetCentimeters x .394 = InchesMillimeters x .0394 = InchesMicrons x .0000394 = Inches

MASS

Gal of Water x 8.336 = LbsCubic Ft of Water x 62.4 = LbsOunces x .0625 = LbsKilograms x 2.2 = LbsLbs x .454 = KilogramsMetric Ton x 2205 = Lbs

POWER

HP = =

HP =

T(In-Lbs) = x 12

Horsepower x .746 = KilowattsHorsepower x 42.44 = BTU/MinMetric Horsepower x .9863 = Horsepower

MISC

Average Absolute Atmospheric PressureAltitude Above Sea Level PSIA IN Hg

0 feet 14.7 29.9500 feet 14.4 29.4

1,000 feet 14.2 28.91,500 feet 13.9 28.32,000 feet 13.7 27.83,000 feet 13.2 26.84,000 feet 12.7 25.95,000 feet 12.2 24.96,000 feet 11.7 24.07,000 feet 11.3 23.1

Heat of Fusion of Water = 144 BTU/LbHeat of Vaporization of Water = 970 BTU/Lb

HP x 5250

RPM

Disp (Gals) x RPM x PSI

1714 x EFF

T (In Lb) x RPM

63025

T (Ft Lb) x RPM

5250

Lbs of Fluid/Hr

Specific Gravity

ENGLISH STANDARD TO METRIC


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Velocity: V = = = =

velocity head: hv = = 0.050 99 V2 = =

head: H = =

power required: P = = = =

Reynolds no.: R = = = =

Darcy friction formula: Hf = – =

Hazen & Williams friction formula: Hf = 0.002 126L ( )1.85

= 1214.6 L ( )1.85 q1.85

d4.8655

100

C

Q1.85

D4.8655

100

C

22,965 fLq2

d5

0.082 66 fLQ2

D5

fLV2

2 gcD

21,221 q

dk

1,273,240 Q

Dk

1000 Vd

k

VD

v

q(H) sp gr

6118(eff)

q(B)

600(eff)

q(kPa)

60,000 x (eff)

Q(kPa)

eff

10.2 B

sp gr

0.102 kPa

sp gr

22.958 q2

d4

0.082 66 Q2

D4

V2

2 gc

21.22 qd2

1,273,240 Qd2

4Q

πD2

Q

A

A = cross sectional area of pipe–m2

B = pressure–bars = 100 kPa

C = Hazen & Williams friction factor

D = internal diameter of pipe–m

d = internal diameter of pipe–mm

eff = efficiency expressed as a decimal

f = friction factor for Darcy formula

gc = acceleration due to gravity

9.806 65m/sec2

H = head in meters of liquid–m

Hf = friction loss in meters of liquid–m

hv = velocity head in meters–m

k = kinematic viscosity—centistokes

= 0.000 001 m2/sec

kPa = pressure–kilopascals

L = length of pipe–meters–m

P = power for pumping–kilowatts–kW

Q = flow–m3/sec

q = flow–liters per minute—L/min

R = Reynolds number

sp gr = density–kg/L–kg/dm3–g/cm3

V = velocity of flow–m/sec

v = kinematic viscosity–

m2/sec = 1,000,000 centistokes

SYMBOLSTo be used only with formulas above on this page

METRIC FLOW FORMULAS


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UNITED STATES STANDARD BAUME SCALESRelation Between Baume Degrees and Specific Gravity

LIQUIDS HEAVIER THAN WATER

Formula—sp gr = 145145 – ° Baume

LIQUIDS LIGHTER THAN WATER

Formula—sp gr =140

130 + ° Baume

Baume Sp Grdegrees 60° – 60°F

0 1.000001 1.006942 1.013993 1.021134 1.02837

5 1.035716 1.043177 1.050728 1.058399 1.06618

10 1.0740711 1.0820912 1.0902313 1.0984814 1.10687

15 1.1153816 1.1240317 1.1328118 1.1417319 1.15079


20 1.1600021 1.1693522 1.1788623 1.1885224 1.19835

25 1.2083326 1.2184927 1.2288128 1.2393229 1.25000

30 1.2608731 1.2719332 1.2831933 1.2946434 1.30631

35 1.3181836 1.3302837 1.3425938 1.3551439 1.36792


40 1.3809541 1.3942342 1.4077743 1.4215744 1.43564

45 1.4500046 1.4646547 1.4795948 1.4948549 1.51042

50 1.5263251 1.5425552 1.5591453 1.5760954 1.59341

55 1.6111156 1.6292157 1.6477358 1.6666759 1.68605


60 1.7058861 1.7261962 1.7469963 1.7682964 1.79012

65 1.8125066 1.8354467 1.8589768 1.8831269 1.90789

70 1.9333371 1.9594672 1.9863073 2.0138974 2.04225

75 2.0714376 2.1014577 2.1323578 2.1641879 2.19697

10 1.0000011 0.9929112 0.9859213 0.9790214 0.97222

15 0.9655216 0.9589017 0.9523818 0.9459519 0.93960

20 0.9333321 0.9271522 0.9210523 0.9150324 0.90909

25 0.9032326 0.8974427 0.8917228 0.8860829 0.88050

30 0.8750031 0.8695732 0.8642033 0.8589034 0.85366

35 0.8484836 0.8433737 0.8383238 0.8333339 0.82840

40 0.8235341 0.8187142 0.8139543 0.8092544 0.80460

45 0.8000046 0.7954547 0.7909648 0.7865249 0.78212

50 0.7777851 0.7734852 0.7692353 0.7650354 0.76087

55 0.7567656 0.7526957 0.7486658 0.7446859 0.74074

60 0.7368461 0.7329862 0.7291763 0.7253964 0.72165

65 0.7179566 0.7142867 0.7106668 0.7070769 0.70352

70 0.7000071 0.6965272 0.6930773 0.6896674 0.68627

75 0.6829376 0.6796177 0.6763378 0.6730879 0.66986

80 0.6666781 0.6635182 0.6603883 0.6572884 0.65421

85 0.6511786 0.6481587 0.6451688 0.6422089 0.63927


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RELATION BETWEEN SPECIFIC GRAVITYAND DEGREE API AT 60°F

Specific Gravity = 141.5131.5 + °API

Degrees SpecificA.P.I. Gravity

10 1.000011 0.993012 0.986113 0.979214 0.9725

15 0.965916 0.959317 0.952918 0.946519 0.9402

20 0.934021 0.927922 0.921823 0.915924 0.9100

25 0.904226 0.898427 0.892728 0.887129 0.8816

30 0.876231 0.870832 0.865433 0.860234 0.8550

35 0.849836 0.844837 0.839838 0.834839 0.8299


40 0.825141 0.820342 0.815543 0.810944 0.8063

45 0.801746 0.797247 0.792748 0.788349 0.7839

50 0.779651 0.775352 0.771153 0.766954 0.7628

55 0.758756 0.754757 0.750758 0.746759 0.7428

60 0.738961 0.735162 0.731363 0.727564 0.7238

65 0.720166 0.716567 0.712868 0.709369 0.7057


70 0.702271 0.697772 0.695273 0.691974 0.6886

75 0.685276 0.681977 0.678778 0.675479 0.6722

80 0.669081 0.665982 0.662883 0.659784 0.6566

85 0.653686 0.650687 0.647688 0.644689 0.6417

90 0.638891 0.636092 0.633193 0.630394 0.6275

95 0.624796 0.622097 0.619398 0.616699 0.6139

100 0.6112


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RELATION BETWEEN SPECIFIC GRAVITYAND DEGREES BRIX

Percent Sugar (Degrees Balling’s or Brix) With CorrespondingSpecific Gravity and Degrees Baume. Temperature 60°F

Percent sugarBalling’s or Specific DegreesBrix 60°F– Gravity Baume15.56°C 60° / 60°F 60°F

0 1.0000 0.001 1.0039 0.562 1.0078 1.133 1.0118 1.674 1.0157 2.245 1.0197 2.806 1.0238 3.377 1.0278 3.938 1.0319 4.499 1.0360 5.04

10 1.0402 5.6011 1.0443 6.1512 1.0485 6.7113 1.0528 7.2814 1.0570 7.8115 1.0613 8.3816 1.0657 8.9417 1.0700 9.4918 1.0744 10.0419 1.0788 10.5920 1.0833 11.1521 1.0878 11.7022 1.0923 12.2523 1.0968 12.8024 1.1014 13.3525 1.1060 13.9026 1.1107 14.4527 1.1154 15.0028 1.1201 15.5429 1.1248 16.1930 1.1296 16.6331 1.1345 17.1932 1.1393 17.7333 1.1442 18.2834 1.1491 18.8135 1.1541 19.3636 1.1591 19.9037 1.1641 20.4438 1.1692 20.9839 1.1743 21.5240 1.1794 22.0641 1.1846 22.6042 1.1898 23.1343 1.1950 23.6644 1.2003 24.2045 1.2057 24.7446 1.2110 25.2647 1.2164 25.8048 1.2218 26.3249 1.2273 26.86

Percent sugarBalling’s or Specific DegreesBrix 60°F– Gravity Baume15.56°C 60° / 60°F 60°F

50 1.2328 27.3851 1.2384 27.9152 1.2439 28.4353 1.2496 28.9654 1.2552 29.4855 1.2609 30.0056 1.2667 30.5357 1.2724 31.0558 1.2782 31.5659 1.2841 32.0860 1.2900 32.6061 1.2959 33.1162 1.3019 33.6363 1.0379 34.1364 1.3139 34.6465 1.3200 35.1566 1.3261 35.6667 1.3323 36.1668 1.3384 36.6769 1.3447 37.1770 1.3509 37.6671 1.3573 38.1772 1.3636 38.6673 1.3700 39.1674 1.3764 39.6575 1.3829 40.1576 1.3894 40.6477 1.3949 41.1278 1.4025 41.6179 1.4091 42.1080 1.4157 42.5881 1.4224 43.0682 1.4291 43.5483 1.4359 44.0284 1.4427 44.4985 1.4495 44.9686 1.4564 45.4487 1.4633 45.9188 1.4702 46.3789 1.4772 46.3490 1.4842 47.3191 1.4913 47.7792 1.4984 48.2393 1.5055 48.6994 1.5126 49.1495 1.5198 49.5996 1.5270 50.0597 1.5343 50.4998 1.5416 50.9499 1.5489 51.39

100 1.5563 51.93


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CONVERSION FACTORS-WATER ANALYSISExamples: 5 Gr./gal. x 17.1 = 85.5 Ppm 103 Ppm x .07 = 7.21 Gr./Imp. Gal.

Parts perGrains per Grains per Million orU.S. Gallon Imp. Gallon Mg./liter

Grains per U.S. Gal. 1.0000 1.20 17.1Grains per Imp. Gal. 0.8350 1.00 14.3Parts/Million or Milligrams/liter 0.0585 0.07 1.0

Specific Lb. PerGravity Cu. Ft.

0.90 56.160.91 56.780.92 57.410.93 58.030.94 58.660.95 59.280.96 59.900.97 60.530.98 61.150.99 61.781.00 62.401.01 63.021.02 63.651.03 64.271.04 64.901.05 65.521.06 66.141.07 66.771.08 67.391.09 68.021.10 68.641.11 69.261.12 69.891.13 70.511.14 71.141.15 71.761.16 72.381.17 73.011.18 73.631.19 74.261.20 74.881.21 75.501.22 76.131.23 76.751.24 77.381.25 78.001.26 78.621.27 79.251.28 79.871.29 80.501.30 81.121.31 81.741.32 82.371.33 82.991.34 83.621.35 84.241.36 84.861.37 85.491.38 86.111.39 86.74


1.40 87.361.41 87.981.42 88.611.43 89.231.44 89.861.45 90.481.46 91.101.47 91.731.48 92.351.49 92.981.50 93.601.51 94.221.52 94.851.53 95.471.54 96.101.55 96.721.56 97.341.57 97.971.58 98.591.59 99.221.60 99.841.61 100.461.62 101.091.63 101.711.64 102.341.65 102.961.66 103.581.67 104.211.68 104.831.69 105.461.70 106.081.71 106.701.72 107.331.73 107.951.74 108.581.75 109.201.76 109.821.77 110.451.78 111.071.79 111.701.80 112.321.81 112.941.82 113.571.83 114.191.84 114.821.85 115.441.86 116.061.87 116.691.88 117.311.89 117.94


1.90 118.561.91 119.181.92 119.811.93 120.431.94 121.061.95 121.681.96 122.301.97 122.931.98 123.551.99 124.182.00 124.802.01 125.422.02 126.052.03 126.672.04 127.302.05 127.922.06 128.542.07 129.172.08 129.792.09 130.422.10 131.042.11 131.662.12 132.282.13 132.912.14 133.542.15 134.162.16 134.782.17 135.412.18 136.032.19 136.662.20 137.282.21 137.902.22 138.532.23 139.152.24 139.782.25 140.402.26 141.022.27 141.652.28 142.272.29 142.902.30 143.522.31 144.142.32 144.772.33 145.392.34 146.022.35 146.642.36 147.262.37 147.892.38 148.512.39 149.14

POUNDS PER CUBIC FOOT AT VARIOUS SPECIFIC GRAVITIES


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FAHRENHEIT/CELSIUS GRAPHDeg. F. = Deg. C. + 32. Deg. C. = (Deg. F. – 32)

5

9

9

5

DE

GR

EE

S F

AH

RE

NH

EIT

DEGREES CENTIGRADE

Conversion chart. Fahrenheit - Centigrade


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TEMPERATURE CONVERSION CHARTEnter the table in the column marked “Temp” with the temperature either Fahrenheit or Celsius(Centigrade) that you wish to convert. if converting into Celsius, read the equivalent value in the column tothe left. If converting into Fahrenheit, read the equivalent value in the column to the right.

°C Temp °F

-17.7 0 32.0-17.2 1 33.8-16.6 2 35.6-16.1 3 37.4-15.5 4 39.2-15.0 5 41.0-14.4 6 42.8-13.9 7 44.6-13.3 8 46.4-12.7 9 48.2-12.2 10 50.0-11.6 11 51.8-11.1 12 53.6-10.5 13 55.4-10.0 14 57.2-9.4 15 59.0-8.8 16 60.8-8.3 17 62.6-7.7 18 64.4-7.2 19 66.2-6.6 20 68.0-6.1 21 69.8-5.5 22 71.6-5.0 23 73.4-4.4 24 75.2-3.9 25 77.0-3.3 26 78.8-2.8 27 80.6-2.2 28 82.4-1.6 29 84.2-1.1 30 86.0-0.6 31 87.80.0 32 89.60.5 33 91.41.1 34 93.21.6 35 95.02.2 36 96.82.7 37 98.63.3 38 100.43.8 39 102.24.4 40 104.04.9 41 105.85.5 42 107.66.0 43 109.46.6 44 111.27.1 45 113.07.7 46 114.88.2 47 116.68.8 48 118.49.3 49 120.29.9 50 122.0

10.4 51 123.811.1 52 125.611.5 53 127.412.1 54 129.212.6 55 131.013.2 56 132.813.7 57 134.614.3 58 136.414.8 59 138.2

°C Temp °F

15.6 60 140.016.1 61 141.816.6 62 143.617.1 63 145.417.7 64 147.218.2 65 149.018.8 66 150.819.3 67 152.619.9 68 154.420.4 69 156.221.0 70 158.021.5 71 159.822.2 72 161.622.7 73 163.423.3 74 165.223.8 75 167.024.4 76 168.825.0 77 170.625.5 78 172.426.2 79 174.226.8 80 176.027.3 81 177.827.7 82 179.628.2 83 181.428.8 84 183.229.3 85 185.029.9 86 186.830.4 87 188.631.0 88 190.431.5 89 192.232.1 90 194.032.6 91 195.833.3 92 197.633.8 93 199.434.4 94 201.234.9 95 203.035.5 96 204.836.1 97 206.836.6 98 208.437.1 99 210.238 100 21243 110 23049 120 24854 130 26660 140 28465 150 30271 160 32076 170 33883 180 35688 190 37493 200 39299 210 410

100 212 413104 220 428110 230 446115 240 464121 250 482127 260 500132 270 518138 280 536

°C Temp °F

143 290 554149 300 572154 310 590160 320 608165 330 626171 340 644177 350 662182 360 680188 370 698193 380 716199 390 734204 400 752210 410 770215 420 788221 430 806226 440 824232 450 842238 460 860243 470 878249 480 896254 490 914260 500 932265 510 950271 520 968276 530 986282 540 1004288 550 1022293 560 1040299 570 1058304 580 1076310 590 1094315 600 1112321 610 1130326 620 1148332 630 1166338 640 1184343 650 1202349 660 1220354 670 1238360 680 1256365 690 1274371 700 1292376 710 1310382 720 1328387 730 1346393 740 1364399 750 1382404 760 1400410 770 1418415 780 1436421 790 1454426 800 1472432 810 1490438 820 1508443 830 1526449 840 1544454 850 1562460 860 1580465 870 1598471 880 1616


22

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

22yamadapump.com

DECIMAL AND METRIC EQUIVALENTSEquivalents of Common Fractions of an Inch

Fractional Inches Decimal Inches Metric (mm)1/64 0.01562 0.3971/32 0.03125 0.7943/64 0.04688 1.1911/16 0.06250 1.5885/64 0.07812 1.9843/32 0.09375 2.3817/64 0.10938 2.7781/8 0.12500 3.1759/64 0.14062 3.5725/32 0.15625 3.969

11/64 0.17188 4.3663/16 0.18750 4.763

13/64 0.20312 5.1597/32 0.21875 5.556

15/64 0.23438 5.9531/4 0.25000 6.350

17/64 0.26562 6.7479/32 0.28126 7.144

19/64 0.29688 7.5415/16 0.31250 7.938

21/64 0.32812 8.33411/32 0.34375 8.73123/64 0.35938 9.1283/8 0.37500 9.525

25/64 0.39062 9.92213/32 0.40625 10.31927/64 0.42188 10.7167/16 0.43750 11.113

29/64 0.45312 11.50915/32 0.46875 11.90631/64 0.48438 12.3031/2 0.50000 12.700

33/64 0.51562 13.09717/32 0.53125 13.49435/64 0.54688 13.8919/16 0.56250 14.288

37/64 0.57812 14.68419/32 0.59375 15.08139/64 0.60938 15.4785/8 0.62500 15.875

41/64 0.64062 16.27221/32 0.65625 16.66943/64 0.67188 17.06611/16 0.68750 17.46345/64 0.70312 17.85923/32 0.71875 18.25647/64 0.73438 18.6533/4 0.75000 19.050

49/64 0.76562 19.44725/32 0.78125 19.84451/64 0.79688 20.24113/16 0.81250 20.63853/64 0.82812 21.03427/32 0.84375 21.43155/64 0.85938 21.8287/8 0.87500 22.225

57/64 0.89062 22.62229/32 0.90625 23.01959/64 0.92188 23.41615/16 0.93750 23.81361/64 0.95312 24.20931/32 0.96875 24.60663/64 0.98438 25.0031 1.00000 25.400


23

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

23yamadapump.com

Friction Loss in Iron Pipe 24

Friction Loss Correction For Fittings 28

Friction in Other Types of Pipe 29

Relative Roughness Factors for New Clean Pipes 30

Friction Loss as Affected by Aging of Pipe 31

Friction Loss of Water Per 100 Feet of Flexible Pipe 32

FRICTION LOSS


24

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24yamadapump.com

FRICTION LOSS IN IRON PIPEFriction Loss Per 100 Feet for Water in New Wrought Iron or Schedule 40 Steel Pipe

CAUTION: No allowance has been made for age,differences in diameter resulting from manufactur-ing tolerances or any abnormal conditions of interi-or pipe surface. It is recommended that for com-mercial application a reserve or margin of safety to

cover these effects be added to the values shownin the tables. Where no careful analysis of theseeffects are made a reserve of 15% is recommend-ed.

1/4"0.364" inside dia.




U.S.Gals.PerMin.0.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.53.03.54.05.0

vel.V

f.p.s.2.473.083.704.324.935.556.177.719.2510.7912.3315.42

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.090.150.210.290.380.480.590.921.331.812.363.69

frict.losshf

feet12.719.126.735.345.256.469.0105.0148.0200.0259.0398.0

U.S.Gals.PerMin.1.41.61.82.02.53.03.54.05.06.07.08.09.010.0

vel.V

f.p.s.2.352.683.023.364.205.045.886.728.4010.0811.8013.4015.1016.80

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.090.110.140.180.270.390.540.701.101.582.152.813.564.39

frict.losshf

feet7.8510.112.415.022.631.842.654.983.5118.0158.0205.0258.0316.0

U.S.Gals.PerMin.2.02.53.03.54.05.06.07.08.09.010.012.014.016.0

vel.V

f.p.s.2.112.643.173.704.225.286.347.398.459.5010.5612.7014.8016.90

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.070.110.160.210.280.430.620.851.111.401.732.493.404.43

frict.losshf

feet4.787.1610.013.317.125.836.548.762.778.395.9136.0183.0235.0

U.S.Gals.PerMin.3.03.54.05.06.07.08.59.010.012.014.016.018.020.022.024.026.028.0

vel.V

f.p.s.1.812.112.413.013.614.214.815.426.027.228.429.6310.8012.0013.2014.4015.6016.80

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.050.070.090.140.200.280.360.460.560.811.101.441.822.252.723.243.804.41

frict.losshf

feet2.503.304.216.328.8711.815.018.823.032.643.556.370.386.1104.0122.0143.0164.0


25

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

25yamadapump.com

Friction Loss Per 100 Feet for Water in New Wrought Iron or Schedule 40 Steel Pipe



1"1.049" inside dia.

1-1/4"1.380" inside dia.

U.S.Gals.PerMin.

681012141618202224253035404550556065707580

vel.V

f.p.s.2.232.973.714.455.205.946.687.428.178.919.2711.113.014.816.718.620.422.324.226.027.929.7

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.080.140.210.310.420.550.690.861.041.231.341.932.633.434.345.356.467.719.1010.4912.1013.70

frict.losshf

feet2.684.546.869.6212.816.520.625.130.235.638.754.673.395.0119.0146.0176.0209.0245.0283.0324.0367.0

U.S.Gals.PerMin.1012141618202224253035404550556065707580859095100120140

vel.V

f.p.s.2.152.573.003.433.864.294.725.155.366.447.518.589.6510.711.812.913.915.016.117.218.219.320.421.525.730.0

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.720.100.140.180.230.290.350.410.450.640.871.141.441.792.162.573.023.504.034.585.155.796.457.1510.314.0

frict.losshf

feet1.772.483.284.205.226.347.588.929.613.618.223.529.436.043.251.059.668.878.789.2100.0112.0125.0138.0197.0267.0

U.S.Gals.PerMin.1416182022242530354045505560

vel.V

f.p.s.2.212.522.843.153.473.783.944.735.516.307.047.888.679.46

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.080.100.120.150.190.220.240.380.470.620.780.971.171.39

frict.losshf

feet1.531.962.422.943.524.144.486.268.3710.7913.4516.419.723.2

U.S.Gals.PerMin.65707580859095100120140160180200

vel.V

f.p.s.10.2411.0311.812.613.414.215.015.818.922.125.228.431.5

vel.headV2/2gfeet1.631.892.162.472.793.133.493.865.567.569.8812.5015.40

frict.losshf

feet27.131.335.840.545.651.056.562.288.3119.0156.0196.0241.0

1-1/2"1.610" inside dia.


26

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

26yamadapump.com





2-1/2"2.469" inside dia.

U.S.Gals.PerMin.24253035404550556065707580859095100120140160180200220240260280300

vel.V

f.p.s.2.292.392.873.353.824.304.785.255.746.216.697.167.658.118.609.099.5611.513.415.317.219.121.022.924.926.828.7

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.080.090.130.170.230.290.360.430.510.600.700.800.911.031.151.291.422.052.783.644.605.686.888.189.6011.1412.8

frict.losshf

feet1.201.291.822.423.103.854.675.516.597.708.8610.1511.4012.614.215.817.424.733.243.054.166.380.095.0111.0128.0146.0

U.S.Gals.PerMin.25303540455060708090100120140160180200220240260280300350400

vel.V

f.p.s.1.682.012.352.683.023.354.024.695.366.036.708.049.3810.712.113.414.716.117.418.820.123.526.8

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.040.060.090.110.140.170.250.340.450.570.701.001.391.792.262.793.384.024.725.476.288.5511.2

frict.losshf

feet0.540.751.001.281.601.942.723.634.665.827.1110.013.517.421.926.732.238.144.551.358.579.2103.0

U.S.Gals.PerMin.5060708090100120140160180200

vel.V

f.p.s.2.172.603.043.473.914.345.216.086.947.818.68

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.070.110.140.190.240.290.420.570.750.951.17

frict.losshf

feet0.660.921.221.571.962.393.374.515.817.288.90

U.S.Gals.PerMin.220240260280300350400500550600700

vel.V

f.p.s.9.5510.411.312.213.015.217.421.723.826.030.4

vel.headV2/2gfeet1.421.691.982.292.633.584.687.328.8510.514.3

frict.losshf

feet10.712.614.716.919.226.133.952.563.274.8101.0



27

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

27yamadapump.com


Plastic pipe having a smoother wall will generate 15-20% less friction loss at any given flow rate.



U.S.Gals.PerMin.901001201401601802002202402602803003504004505005506007008009001000

vel.V

f.p.s.2.272.523.023.534.034.545.045.546.056.557.067.568.8210.1011.412.613.915.117.620.222.725.2

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.080.100.140.190.250.320.400.480.570.670.770.891.211.582.002.473.003.554.846.328.009.87

frict.losshf

feet0.520.620.881.171.491.862.272.723.213.744.304.896.558.4710.6513.015.718.625.032.440.850.2

U.S.Gals.PerMin.14016018020022024026028030035040045050055060070080090010001200140016001800

vel.V

f.p.s.2.252.572.893.213.533.854.174.494.815.616.417.228.028.819.6211.2012.8014.4016.0019.2022.5025.7028.80

vel.headV2/2gfeet0.080.100.130.160.190.230.270.310.360.490.640.811.001.211.441.962.563.244.005.767.8310.2012.90

frict.losshf

feet0.3800.4870.6060.7360.8791.0351.2001.381.582.112.723.414.164.945.887.9310.2212.9015.8022.5030.4039.5049.70


28

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

28yamadapump.com

FRICTION LOSS CORRECTION FOR FITTINGS TURBULENT FLOW ONLY

PIPE SIZE1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 4 5

STEEL 2.3 3.1 3.6 4.4 5.2 6.6 7.4 8.5 9.3 11.0 13.0C.I. 9.0 11.0

C.I. 3.6 4.8

C.I. 3.3 3.7

C.I. 2.8 3.4

C.I. 3.3 4.5

C.I. 2.1 2.9

C.I. 9.9 14.0

C.I. 1.9 2.2

C.I. 14.0 17.0

C.I. 7.7 10.0

C.I. 9.0 11.0

C.I. 3.6 4.8

C.I. 2.8 3.4

C.I. 65.0 86.0

C.I. 77.0 99.0

C.I. 1.6 2.0

C.I. 2.3 2.4

C.I. 15.0 15.0

C.I. 23.0 31.0

C.I. 22.0 31.0

C.I. 22.0 31.0

C.I. .44 .52

C.I. .55 .77

C.I. 5.5 7.7

C.I. 11.0 15.0

STEEL .92 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.4 3.1 3.6 4.4 5.9 7.3

STEEL 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.6

STEEL 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.4 4.2 5.0

STEEL .34 .52 .71 .92 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.7 3.2 4.0 5.5

STEEL .69 .82 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.8 3.3

STEEL 2.4 3.5 4.2 5.3 6.6 8.7 9.9 12.0 13.0 17.0 21.0

STEEL 2.0 2.6 3.3 4.4 5.2 6.6 7.5 9.4 12.0 15.0

STEEL 2.3 3.1 3.6 4.4 5.2 6.6 7.4 8.5 9.3 11.0 13.0

STEEL .92 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.4 3.1 3.6 4.4 5.9 7.3

STEEL 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.4 4.2 5.0

STEEL 21.0 22.0 22.0 24.0 29.0 37.0 42.0 54.0 62.0 79.0 110.0

STEEL 38.0 40.0 45.0 54.0 59.0 70.0 77.0 94.0 120.0 150.0

STEEL .32 .45 .56 .67 .84 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.5

STEEL 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1

STEEL 12.8 15.0 15.0 15.0 17.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0

STEEL 15.0 15.0 17.0 18.0 18.0 21.0 22.0 28.0 38.0 50.0

STEEL 7.2 7.3 8.0 8.8 11.0 13.0 15.0 19.0 22.0 27.0 38.0

STEEL 3.8 5.3 7.2 10.0 12.0 17.0 21.0 27.0 38.0 50.0

STEEL .14 .18 .21 .24 .29 .36 .39 .45 .47 .53 .65

STEEL .04 .07 .10 .13 .18 .26 .31 .43 .52 .67 .95 1.3

STEEL .44 .68 .96 1.3 1.8 2.6 3.1 4.3 5.2 6.7 9.5 13.0

STEEL .88 1.4 1.9 2.6 3.6 5.1 6.2 8.5 10.0 13.0 19.0 25.0

STEEL .79 1.2 1.7 2.4 3.2 4.6 5.6 7.7 9.3 12.0 17.0

STEEL .45 .59 .81 1.1 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.6 3.5 4.5

SCREWED

FITTINGS

SCREWED

SCREWED

SCREWED

SCREWED

SCREWED

SCREWED

SCREWED

SCREWED

SCREWED

SCREWED

REGFLANGED

ANGLEVALVE

h = FEET OF FLUID; IF V2 - 0 h = FEET OF FLUID

GATEVALVE

GLOBEVALVE

FLANGED

FLANGED

FLANGED

FLANGED

FLANGED

FLANGED

FLANGED

FLANGED

FLANGED

LONGRAD.

FLANGED

BELLMOUTHINLET

COUPLINGOR

UNION

SWINGCHECKVALVE

SQUAREMOUTHINLET

RE-ENTRANT

PIPESUDDEN

ENLARGE-MENT

180°RETURN

BEND

TEE-BRANCH

FLOW

TEE-LINE

FLOW

LONGRADIUS90° ELL

REGULAR45° ELL

REGULAR90° ELL

(V1 – V2)2

2gV1

2

2g


29

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29yamadapump.com

FRICTION IN OTHER TYPES OF PIPE

Multipliers to Apply to Values From Water Friction Loss Chart to ObtainFriction Loss in Other Types of Pipe or Conduit.

Multiplier toType of New Apply to Table 1Conduit or Pipe Value of Friction Loss

Rubber lined hose 0.72

Spun cement line pipe 0.76

Spun bitumastic enameled pipe 0.76

Aluminum irrigation pipe 0.81

Transite pipe 0.85

Copper or Brass pipe 0.86

Seamless steel tubing 0.86

Glass tube or pipe 0.86

Schedule #40 steel pipe 1.00

Wood Stave pipe 1.15

Galvanized iron pipe 1.22

Vitrified pipe 1.36

Spiral riveted pipe (flow with lap) 1.40

Spiral riveted pipe (flow against lap) 1.70

Unlined linen hose 1.80

The multipliers in table provide for the difference in type of pipe only. They do not includedeviations in internal diameter from schedule #40 steel pipe.

The preceding tabulations for friction loss in pipesapply to new schedule #40 steel pipe and newasphalt-dipped cast-iron pipe as noted. Frictionloss in other types of pipe vary from these valuesdue to the difference in the average relative rough-ness of the interior surface of such pipes as com-mercially manufactured.

The following chart shows relative roughness fac-tors (e/D) for new clean pipes as commerciallymanufactured plotted against pipe diameter ininches. The curves for schedule #40 steel pipe(absolute roughness 0.00015') and asphalt-dippedcast-iron pipe (absolute roughness 0.0004') on

which the previous Tables 1 and 2 are based areshown on this curve.

The ratio of the friction factor for any pipe to thatfor schedule #40 steel pipe may be used as a mul-tiplier to adjust the friction losses shown in Table 1to apply to the other type of pipe.

It must be recognized that various types of pipe ascommercially manufactured are subject to a con-siderable variation in roughness.

Average values for good clean new pipe howeveryield the multipliers recommended in the followingTable 5.


30

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

30yamadapump.com

RELATIVE ROUGHNESS FACTORS FOR NEW CLEAN PIPES


31

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

31yamadapump.com

FRICTION LOSS AS AFFECTED BY AGING OF PIPE

INCREASE IN FRICTION LOSS DUE TO AGING OF PIPEMultipliers for use with Table 1

Ageof Pipe Small Pipes Large Pipesin Years 4" - 10" 12" - 60"

NEW 1.00 1.00

5 1.40 1.30

10 2.20 1.60

15 3.60 1.80

20 5.00 2.00

25 6.30 2.10

30 7.25 2.20

35 8.10 2.30

40 8.75 2.40

45 9.25 2.60

50 9.60 2.86

55 9.80 3.26

60 10.00 3.70

65 10.05 4.25

70 10.10 4.70

The deterioration of pipes with age depends uponthe chemical properties of the liquid flowing andthe characteristics of the material from which thepipe is made. In general, the flow carrying capacityof a pipe line decreases with age due to a roughen-ing of the interior surface caused by corrosiveproducts, tubercules and the like or an actualreduction in area caused by chemical deposits.The effect corresponds to a variation in friction fac-tor due to increasing relative roughness.

A wide variation in waters over the country makesimpossible any precise estimation of this agingeffect. No reputable authority will go on record toendorse friction factors for other than new pipe.This fact, however, does not eliminate the deterio-

ration of friction factor and some means of estima-tion is required. Wherever records are available onthe aging effect of local or similar waters, it is rec-ommended that they be studied and applied as acorrection to the computation of friction loss fornew pipe from the previous tables. This is a soundand logical approach for a specific problem.

In many instances either the economics of the pro-ject do not warrant the expense of this detailedinvestigation or there are no available records onlocal or similar waters. For those occasions, thefollowing table may be used with caution and dis-cretion. It is based upon the best known availabledata.

It will be obvious that there is no sudden increasein aging effect between 10" and 12" pipe as indi-cated from the above table. The values shown arecomposites of many test grouped by the experi-menter. A reasonable amount of interpretation and

logic must be used in selecting and applying amultiplier for each specific problem. It must alsobe borne in mind that some test data on aging ofpipe may vary up to fifty-percent from the averagesas shown in the above table.


32

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SIZE 1/2" 3/4" 1" 1 1/4" 1 1/2" 2" 3" 4"

GPM

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

60

70

80

90

100

Headin

Feet

1.50

5.08

10.51

17.81

26.01

36.01

61.00

92.15

PSI

.65

2.20

4.55

7.71

11.26

15.59

26.41

39.89

Headin

Feet

.32

1.13

2.40

3.81

5.61

7.51

12.01

18.32

38.83

PSI

.14

.49

1.04

1.65

2.43

3.25

5.20

7.93

16.81

Headin

Feet

.09

.30

.60

1.02

1.43

1.94

3.19

4.90

10.12

16.52

PSI

.04

.13

.26

.44

.62

.84

1.38

2.12

4.38

7.15

Headin

Feet

.09

.18

.32

.46

.65

1.04

1.59

3.30

5.50

8.11

10.81

14.02

PSI

.04

.08

.14

.20

.28

.45

.69

1.43

2.38

3.51

4.68

6.07

Headin

Feet

.09

.16

.23

.30

.51

.76

1.55

2.54

3.81

5.20

6.61

8.92

10.12

11.92

PSI

.04

.07

.10

.13

.22

.33

.67

1.10

1.65

2.25

2.86

3.86

4.38

5.16

Headin

Feet

.09

.14

.23

.49

.83

1.22

1.69

2.19

2.80

3.40

4.09

5.71

7.30

9.22

11.20

13.91

PSI

.04

.06

.10

.21

.36

.53

.73

.95

1.21

1.47

1.77

2.47

3.16

3.99

4.85

6.02

Headin

Feet

.12

.18

.25

.32

.42

.53

.85

1.11

1.41

1.80

2.19

3.30

PSI

.05

.08

.11

.14

.18

.23

.37

.48

.61

.78

.95

1.43

Headin

Feet

.09

.12

.14

.16

.23

.30

.37

.46

.55

.88

PSI

.04

.05

.06

.07

.10

.13

.16

.20

.24

.38

FRICTION LOSS OF WATER PER 100 FEET OF FLEXIBLE PIPE


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Viscous Fluid Behavior 34

Shear Rate Information 35

Viscosity Derate/Limitation 36

Viscosity & Specific Gravity of Common Liquids 37

Pump Applications Guide 40

Viscosity Conversion Table 47

Friction Loss in Head For Viscous Liquids 48

Pumping Slurry 50

Mesh Chart 51

Specific Gravity 52

VISCOUS FLUIDS


VISCOUS FLUID BEHAVIOREFFECTIVE VISCOSITY is a term describing the real effect of

the viscosity of the ACTUAL fluid, at the SHEAR RATES which exist in the pump and pumping system at the design conditions.

TYPE: Constant Viscosity at all Shear Rates.

NEWTONIAN FLUIDSViscosity is constant with change in Shear Rate or Agitation.Forces to cause motion increase proportionately as speedincreases.

Fluids showing Newtonian behavior include water, mineral oils,syrups, hydrocarbons, resins.

TYPE: Decreasing Viscosity at Increasing Shear Rates

THIXOTROPIC FLUIDSAlong with the characteristic of the viscosity decreasing over afinite time as the sheer rate is constant, Thixotropic flow is alsocharacterized by: Having a Yield Point; Plastic or pseudoplasticbehavior; A tendency to rebuild viscosity or Yield Point onstanding.

Typical fluids with the above characterisitics are paints, inks,caulking compounds, gels, slurry mixes, lotions, shampoo.

PLASTIC FLUIDSThis type of fluid always requires an initial force or stress whichis called The Yield Point, before flow will start: With a YieldPoint too high, flow may not start in a normal inlet system to thepump.

PSEUDO-PLASTIC FLUIDSViscosity decreases as shear rate increases. At any constantflow rate or Shear Rate, viscosity stays constant and isindependent of time.

Type: Increasing Viscosity at Increasing Shear Rates.

DILATANT FLUIDSViscosity increases as shear rate increases. This fluid typeneeds to be pumped at very conservative pump speeds sincerotary pumps have areas of high shear which may cause theproduct to reach a sufficient viscosity to stall the drive or inextreme cases mechanically damage the pump.

Some fluids showing dilatent behavior are high solids concen-trations of clays, oxides and granular or crystalline materials.

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Calculating Shear Rate is a non-Newtonian fluidmoving in a tube is complex. For a Newtonian fluid,the Shear Rate varies linearly from a maximum atthe tube wall to zero at the center. In practice avery high percentage of fluids pumped are non-

Newtonian. Plastic and pseupo-plastic typesincluding Thixotropic fluids have higher ShearRates near the wall and dilatant types have lowerShear Rates near the wall.

From a known flow rate.

At a selected line size.

Will establish a shear rate.

The effective Viscosity is found using this

Shear Rate on the Viscosity Profile Curve

Obtained from a viscometer.

3

44

3

2

1

FLOW RATE VS SHEAR RATE IN SANITARY & IRON PIPE —————— SANITARY PIPE

BASED ON SHEAR RATE (SEC - 1) = = 4.9 – – – – – – – SCHEDULE 40 PIPEFLOW RATE (GPM)PIPE RADIUS2 (IN.)

FLOWRATE(GPM)

SHEAR RATE (SEC - 1)

NOTE:SCHEDULE40 PIPEWILLCHANGESHEARRATECONSIDERABLY

SHEAR RATE INFORMATION


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Diaphragm Pump Correction Factor For Viscous Liquids

VISCOSITY DERATE/LIMITATION

Use the above flow/capacity correction factor for selecting and determining the appropriate size AODDpump. Refer to the performance curves located in the pump manufactures literature.

Example: 50 GPM is the desired flow rate at 8000 cp which requires a 50% derate. 50 GPM divided by0.50 = 100 GPM on a water based performance curve.

Maximum Viscosity HandlingAs a general “rule of thumb” the smaller the pump the greater its’ limitation on handling high vicositymaterial. The guide lines for pump/viscosity handling is as follows:

Pump Size Suction Lift Flooded Suction

1/4" 500 cP 500 cP

3/8" —1/2" 3,000 cP 15,000 cP

3/4"—1" 8,000 cP 40,000 cP

1-1/2"—2"—3" 10,000 cP 50,000 cP

Above limits may vary from application to application and are based on ball type check valves.


SPECIFIC VISCOSITY S.S.ULIQUID

GRAVITY 40°F 60°F 80°F 100°F 120°F 140°F 160°F

Miscellaneous Liquids

Water 1.0 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5Gasoline .68 -.74 30 30 30 30 30 30 30Jet Fuel .74 -.85 35 35 35 35 35 35 35Kerosene .78 -.82 42 38 34 33 31 30 30Turpentine .86 -.87 34 33 32.8 32.6 32.4 32 32Varnish Spar .9 3500 1600 1000 650 530 250 230

Fuel and Diesel Oil

No. 1 Fuel Oil .82 -.95 40 38 35 33 31 30 30No. 2 Fuel Oil .82 - .95 70 50 45 40 – – –No. 3 Fuel Oil .82 -.95 90 68 53 45 40 – –No. 5A Fuel Oil .82 -.95 1000 400 200 100 75 60 40No. 5B Fuel Oil .82 -.95 1300 600 490 400 330 290 240No. 6 Fuel Oil .82 -.95 – 70000 20000 9000 1900 900 500No. 2D Diesel Fuel Oil .82 -.95 100 68 53 45 40 36 35No. 3D Diesel Fuel Oil .82 -.95 200 120 80 60 50 44 40No. 4D Diesel Fuel Oil .82 -.95 1600 600 280 140 90 68 54No. 5D Diesel Fuel Oil .82 -.95 15000 5000 2000 900 400 260 160

Crankcase Oils - Automobile Lubricating Oils

SAE 10 .88 -.935 1500-2400 600-900 300-400 170-220 110-130 75-90 60-65SAE 20 .88 -.935 2400-9000 900-3000 400-1100 220-550 130-280 90-170 65-110SAE 30 .88 -.935 9000-14000 3000-4400 1100-1800 550-800 280-400 170-240 110-150SAE 40 .88 -.935 14000-19000 4400-6000 1800-2400 800-1100 400-550 240-320 150-200SAE 50 .88 -.935 19000-45000 6000-10000 2400-4000 1100-1800 550-850 320-480 280-380 SAE 60 .88 -.935 45000-60000 10000-17000 4000-6000 1800-2500 850-1200 480-580 280-380SAE 70 .88 -.935 60000-120000 17000-45000 6000-10000 2500-4000 1200-1800 580-900 380-500

Transmission Oils - Automobile Transmission Gear Lubricants

SAE 90 .88 -.935 14000 5500 2200 1100 650 380 240SAE 20 .88 -.935 35000 12000 5000 2200 1200 650 400SAE 30 .88 -.935 160000 50000 18000 7000 3300 1700 1000

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VISCOSITY & SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COMMON LIQUIDS


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SPECIFIC VISCOSITY S.S.U.LIQUID GRAVITY 70°F 100°F 130°F

Sugar, Syrups, Molasses, etc.

Corn Syrups 1.4 - 1.47 – 5,000-500,000 1,500-60,000Glucose 1.35-1.44 – 35,000 - 100,000 10,000-13,000Honey (Raw) 1.20 – 340 –Molasses 1.40-1.49 – 1,300 - 250,000 700-75,000Sugar Syrups 60 Brix 1.29 230 92 –Sugar Syrups 62 Brix 1.30 310 111 –Sugar Syrups 64 Brix 1.31 440 148 –Sugar Syrups 66 Brix 1.33 650 195 –Sugar Syrups 68 Brix 1.34 1000 275 –Sugar Syrups 70 Brix 1.35 1650 400 –Sugar Syrups 72 Brix 1.36 2700 640 –Sugar Syrups 74 Brix 1.38 5500 1100 –Sugar Syrups 76 Brix 1.39 10000 2000 –Corn Starch 22 Baume 1.18 150 130 –Corn Starch 24 Baume 1.20 600 440 –Corn Starch 25 Baume 1.21 1400 800 –Ink - Printers 1.0 - 1.38 – 2,500 - 10,000 1,100 - 3,000Ink - Newspaper – – 5,500 - 8,000 2400Tallow . 918 56 SSU at 212F

Tars

Coke Oven - Tar 1.12 + 3,000 - 8,000 650 -1,400 –Gas House - Tar 1.16 - 1.3 15,000-300,000 2,000-20,000 –

Crude Oils

Texas, Oklahoma . 81 -.916 100-700 34-210 –Wyoming, Montana . 86-.88 100-1100 46-320 –California . 78-.92 100-4500 34-700 –Pennsylvania . 8 -.85 100-200 38-86 –

Glycol

Propylene 1.038 240.6 – –Triethylene 1.125 185.7 – –Diethylene 1.12 149.7 – –Ethylene 1.125 88.4 – –Glycerine (100%) 1.26 2900 813 –Phenol (Carbolic Acid) . 95 -1.00 60 – –Silciate of Soda – – 356-640 –Sulfuric Acid (100%) 1.83 75 – –



SPECIFIC VISCOSITY S.S.U.LIQUID

GRAVITY 40°F 60°F 80°F 100°F 120°F 140°F 160°F

Other Oils

Castor Oil .96 36000 9000 3000 1400 900 400 300Chinawood .943 4000 1800 1000 580 400 300 200Cocoanut .925 1500 500 250 140 00 70 60Cod .928 1800 600 300 175 110 80 70Corn .924 1600 700 400 250 175 100 80Cotton Seed .88 -.925 1500 600 300 176 125 80 70Cylinder .82 -.95 60000 14000 6000 2700 1400 1000 400Navy No. 1 Fuel Oil .989 4000 1100 600 380 200 170 90Navy No. 2 Fuel Oil 1.0 – 24000 8700 3500 1500 900 480Gas .887 180 90 60 50 45 – –Insulating – 350 150 90 65 50 45 40Lard .912 -.925 1100 600 380 287 180 140 90Linseed .925 -.939 1500 500 250 143 110 85 70Raw Menhadden .933 1500 500 250 140 110 80 70Neats Foot .917 – 1000 430 230 160 100 80Olive .912 -.918 1500 550 320 200 150 100 80Palm .924 1700 700 380 221 160 120 90Peanut .920 1200 500 300 195 150 100 80Quenching – 2400 900 450 250 180 130 90Rape Seed .919 2400 900 450 250 180 130 90Rosin .980 28000 7800 3200 1500 900 500 300Rosin (Wood) 1.09 Extremely ViscoseSesame .923 1100 500 290 184 130 90 60Soya Bean .927 - .98 1200 475 270 165 120 80 70Sperm .883 360 250 170 110 90 70 60Turbine (Light) .91 500 350 230 150 – – –Turbine (Heavy) .91 3000 1400 700 330 200 150 100Whale .925 900 450 275 170 140 100 80

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PUMP APPLICATIONS GUIDE

SOAP, DETERGENTS, PERFUMES, AND COSMETICS SIC 284

PRODUCT VISCOSITY IN CPSCologne / Alcohol 0.8Creams & Lotions 6,000Dental Creme 80,000Denture Cream Adhesive 10,000Detergent 300-2,000Detergent, Liquid 1-700Hand & Acne Cream 2,500Liquid Comet 4,000-6,000Perfume & Essential Oils 4-300Shampoo 6,000Soap, Liquid 3,000Soap, Lithium Base 300Soap, Paste 16,000 - 22,000

PETROLEUM SIC 291PRODUCT VISCOSITY IN CPSBunker Oil 300Butanediol 70Chlorinated Oil 15Coal Oil Mixture 50% Solids 5,000Hexane 0.47Hydrocarbons 500Kerosene 5Polybutane 5,000Propane, Liquid 3Tar No. 2 250Toluene 5Toluene & Acetone With Solvents 1


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CHEMICALS SIC 281-286

PRODUCT VISCOSITY IN CPSAcetone 0.6Acetone Slurry 60,000Acrylic & Water 2,500Alkali Cellulose Slurry 60Anhydrous Ammonia 0.8Cellulose Acetate Dope 1,500Color Pigment 20,000Creosote 15Dynstrol (White Jell) 4,000Ethyl Acetate Water Saturated 1Ethyl Alcohol Mach 1,000Ethylene Glycol 60Firefighting Foaming Agent 10Gum 18,000Hydrocarbon Maleic Resin 2,500Hydrocarbon Peroxide (90%) 1Isophytol 0.7Kaolin Slurry (30% Solids) 5Methanol Type Varnish 90 -5,000Methylethyl Ketone 1Methyl Cellulose Jell 4,000Naptha Plasticizer 2,100Neodol ( 3% ) 1Nitric Acid Slurry 45Nitro Cellulose 50,000Paratone 715 170,000Percholoroethylene 1Petrolatum with Sodium Sulfate Tomide 10,000Phosphoric Acid (72%) 2,000Phosphorous Oxychloride 30Resin 100,000Resin Type Binder (Glue) 60Rubber, Dissolved 100Rubber Solvent 250,000Salt Solution 1Silicone Compound 250


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CHEMICALS SIC 281-286 (CONT.)

PRODUCT OR LIQUID VISCOSITY IN CPSSodium Hydroxide 140Sodium Metasilicate 17Styrene Monomer 0.5Sulphonic Acid 1Sulfur Slurry 870Sulfuric Acid Dilute 1Tetra Potassium Pyrophosphate 125Tri-Acetate Cellulose 45,000-75,000Trichloroethylene 1Vinyl Butyl Lacquer 2,500Wax Emulsion 12

DRUGS SIC 283

PRODUCT OR SUBSTANCE VISCOSITY IN CPSBlood Plasma 20Vitamin Intermediate 15Vitamin Slurry 10

MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PREPARATIONS SIC 209

PRODUCT OR SUBSTANCE VISCOSITY IN CPSCoffee Extract 30Cotton Seed Oil 40Honey 5,500Peanut Butter, Creamy 30,000Peanut Butter, Crunchy 8,500Salt Solution 1Yeast 10,000Yeast, Liquid 3,000Yeast Slurry 180


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BEVERAGE SIC 208

PRODUCT OR SUBSTANCE VISCOSITY IN CPSBeer 2Coca-Cola Syrup 20Cordials 50Pepsi-Cola Syrup 20Whiskey 1Wine 1Spent Yeast & Beer 1,200Yeast 1,500

FATS & OILS SIC 207

PRODUCT OR SUBSTANCE VISCOSITY IN CPSAnimal Fat 21Caul Fat 20,000Margarine 4-20Oleic Stearic Acid 1,000Vegetable Oil 30

BAKING SIC 207

PRODUCT OR SUBSTANCE VISCOSITY IN CPSBatter, Cake 2,500Butter, Melted 18Dough 1,000,000Egg, Whole 60Emulsifier 20Frostings 10,000Yeast Slurry, Active 180


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CONFECTIONERY SIC 206

PRODUCT OR SUBSTANCE VISCOSITY IN CPSCake Icing 10,000Caramel 500Caramel Candy 1,000Caramel Rework 144,000Caramel Invert Sugar & Corn Syrup 12,000Chocolate 17,000Chocolate Liquor 40Chocolate With Nuts 2,400Chocolate With Sugar 1,000Cocoa Butter 20Cocoa & Water 100Corn Syrup 69-43 100,000Corn Syrup 69-43 10,000Corn Syrup 69-43 3,000Corn Syrup Dilute 1,000Frosting 2,000-10,000Fructose 300-800Glucose 80,000Marshmallow 108Molasses 7,000Molasses & Shortening 45,000Sugar, Liquid 150-10,000Sugar Solution With 5% Chocolate 1,000 @ 260°FSugar Solution With 5% Chocolate 100,000 @ 260°FSugar & Salt Solution 10Sugar Syrup, 76 Brix 8,000Sugar Syrup, 71 Brix 400

GRAIN MILL PRODUCTS SIC 204

PRODUCT OR SUBSTANCE VISCOSITY IN CPSDog Food (Meat Emulsion) 22,000Pet Food Slurry 1,500Starch, Cooked 1,300Starch Slurry 15


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MEAT PRODUCTS SIC 201

PRODUCT OR SUBSTANCE VISCOSITY IN CPSBeef Stew 2,500Beef Barbecue 2,000Beef Skin With Dilute Acid & Water 50,000Chicken, Ground 70,000Egg Concentrate 200Egg, Whole 20Fish Egg Slurry 200Herring Tidbits, Creamed 20,000Meat Cooked With Gravy 2,000Meat Emulsion (Semi-Frozen) 22,000Meat Sauce 6,000Monosodium Glutonate 50Pork, Chopped Raw 30,000Sausage Meat 20,000

DAIRY

PRODUCT OR SUBSTANCE VISCOSITY IN CPSButter, Soft 2,000Cheese, Cottage 225-500Cheese, Cream 5,000Cheese Spread 40,000Cheese, Synthetic 30,000Cheese, Whey 5Cream 38Ice Cream Base 700Milk 3Milk, Skim Concentrate 3,000Milk, Sweetened Condensed 10,000Yogurt 200-10,000


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CANNING SIC 203

PRODUCT OR SUBSTANCE VISCOSITY IN CPSApple Filling 200Beans, Cut Green 100Bean Dip, Jalapeno 6,500Citrus Concentrate (Semi-Frozen) 5,000Date Filling 2,000Fruit Jam 500Fruit Pulp 5,000Fruit Puree, Guava & Papaya 1,000Fruit Suspended In Sugar 500Grapes, Crushed Slurry 2,000Grape Juice & Pulp 250Grapefruit Juice Concentrate 250Lecithin 3,000Mayonnaise 5,000Mayonnaise Premix 1,000Mustard 2,000Orange Juice Concentrate 20,000Pineapple Concentrate 17,000Pineapple Juice 100Potatoes, Mashed 20,000Potato Peeling Pulp Slurry 500Potato & Carrots, Diced 150Sugar Scum Undissolved 15Tomato Juice 80Tomatoes, Macerated 1,000Tomato Paste 7,000


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SecondsSaybolt

UniversalSSU

31354050

60708090

100150200250

300400500600

7008009001000

1500200025003000

4000500060007000

8000900010000

1500020000

KinematicViscosityCentistokes

*1.002.564.307.40

10.313.115.718.2

20.632.143.254.0

65.087.60110.0132

154176198220

330440550660

880110013201540

176019802200

33004400

SecondsSayboltFurrolSSF

––––

–12.9513.7014.44

15.2419.3023.528.0

32.541.951.661.4

71.181.091.0100.7

150200250300

400500600700

8009001000

15002000

SecondsRedwood 1(Standard)

2932.136.244.3

52.360.969.277.6

85.6128170212

254338423508

592677762896

1270169021202540

3380423050805920

677076208460

1370018400

SecondsRedwood 2(Admirelty)

––

5.105.83

6.777.608.449.30

10.1214.4818.9023.45

28.037.146.255.4

65.673.883.092.1

138.2184.2230276

368461553645

737829921

––

DegreesEngler

1.001.161.311.58

1.882.172.452.73

3.024.485.927.35

8.7911.7014.6017.50

20.4523.3526.3029.20

43.8058.4073.087.60

117.0146175

204.5

233.5263292

438584

DegreesBarbay

620024201440838

618483404348

307195144114

9570.856.447.0

40.335.231.328.2

18.714.111.39.4

7.055.644.704.03

3.523.132.82

2.501.40

SecondsParlin

Cup = 7

––––

––––

––

4046

52.5667992

106120135149

––––

––––

–––

––

SecondsParlin

Cup = 10

––––

––––

––––

15212530

35394143

6586108129

172215258300

344387430

650860

SecondsParlin

Cup = 15

––––

––––

––––

6.07.27.88.5

9.09.810.711.5

15.219.524

28.5

37475767

768696

147203

SecondsParlin

Cup = 20

––––

––––

––––

3.03.23.43.6

3.94.14.34.5

6.37.5911

14182225

293235

5370

SecondsFord

Cup = 3

––––

––––

––––

30425058

67748290

132172218258

337425520600

680780850

12801715

SecondsFord

Cup = 4

––––

––––

––––

20283440

45505762

90118147172

230290350410

465520575

8601150

Approx.Seconds

MacMichael

––––

––––

125145165198

225270320370

420470515570

805107013251690

2110263531453670

417047005220

772010500

Approx.Gardner

HoltBubble

––––

––––

––AA

BCDF

G–HI

MQTU

VWX–

Y–Z

Z2Z3

SecondsZohn

Cup = 1

––––

––––

38475462

7390––

––––

––––

––––

–––

––

SecondsZohn

Cup = 2

––––

––––

18202326

29374655

63728088

––––

––––

–––

––

SecondsZohn

Cup = 3

––––

––––

––––

––––

22.524.52729

40516375

––––

–––

––

SecondsZohn

Cup = 4

––––

––––

––––

––––

––

1820

28344148

6377––

–––

––

SecondsZohn

Cup = 5

––––

––––

––––

––––

–––

13

18242933

43506575

8696–

––

SecondsDemmlerCup = 1

––

1.32.3

3.24.14.95.7

6.510.013.516.9

20.427.434.541

48556269

103137172206

275344413481

550620690

10301370

SecondsDemmlerCup = 10

––––

––––

–1.01.41.7

2.02.73.54.1

4.85.56.26.9

10.313.717.220.6

27.534.441.348

556269

103137

Approx.SecondsStormer100 gm

Load

–––

2.6

3.64.65.56.4

7.311.315.219

23313946

54627077

116154193232

308385462540

618695770

11601540

SecondsPrattand

Lambert“F”

––––

––––

––––

–789

9.510.811.912.4

16.822

27.633.7

4555.865.577

89102113

172234

VISCOSITY CONVERSION TABLE

* Kinematic Viscosity (in centistokes) = Above the range of this table and within the range of theviscosimeter, multiply their rating by the following factors toconvert to SSU:

Above 250 SSUm use the followingapproximate conversion:

SSU = Centistokes × 4.62

Absolute viscosity (in centipoises)Density

Viscosimeter Factor Viscosimeter Factor Viscosimeter FactorSaybolt Furol 10 Parlin cup = 15 98.2 Mac Michael 1.92 (approx.)Redwood Standard 1.095 Parlin cup = 20 187.0 Demmler = 1 14.6Redwood Admiralty 10.87 Ford cup = 4 17.4 Demmler = 10 146.0Engler - Degrees 34.5 Stormer 13.0 (approx.)


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FRICTION LOSS IN HEAD FOR VISCOUS LIQUIDSLoss In Feet Of Liquid Flowing In 100 Feet Of New Schedule 40 Steel Pipe

Gpm

3

5

7

10

15

20

25

30

40

50

60

70

80

100

PipeSize

1/23/41

3/41

1 1/43/41

1 1/41

1 1/41 1/2

11 1/41 1/2

11 1/2

21 1/2

22 1/21 1/2

22 1/21 1/2

22 1/21 1/2

22 1/2

22 1/2

32 1/2

34

2 1/234

2 1/234

100

25.95.83.214.15.31.819.67.42.511.33.71.925.46.53.041.65.31.58.12.30.9211.63.21.419.65.82.528.98.53.711.65.11.86.52.30.628.33.00.8312.24.41.2

200

54.517.66.729.311.33.741.315.75.322.47.64.233.511.36.041.68.13.010.23.71.812.24.42.220.85.83.032.39.23.913.45.51.87.42.50.729.73.20.8314.15.11.3

300

81.526.610.244.116.95.561.923.67.833.511.36.050.416.99.067.212.24.415.25.52.818.26.73.224.39.04.432.311.15.513.46.52.87.93.21.19.73.71.214.85.11.5

400

108.135.313.458.922.47.682.531.410.444.815.08.167.222.412.289.616.26.020.87.43.724.39.04.432.311.85.840.414.87.417.88.83.710.24.41.511.84.81.714.86.22.1

500

136.344.116.973.728.09.5

103.039.313.255.918.710.283.928.215.2112.020.37.425.49.24.630.311.15.540.414.87.450.618.59.222.210.94.612.75.31.814.66.22.118.57.62.5

1000

272.688.233.5147.855.918.7205.678.326.3112.037.420.3168.656.130.3224.140.414.850.618.59.260.822.210.980.829.814.6101.237.218.244.622.09.225.710.73.729.112.24.236.515.25.1

2000

545.2175.667.2293.4112.037.4411.2157.152.4224.175.140.4335.0112.560.8448.180.929.8101.237.218.2122.444.622.0161.759.429.1203.374.236.589.043.918.551.121.57.258.424.58.373.030.710.4

3000

815.4265.7100.7441.2168.656.1619.1235.678.5335.0112.560.8503.6168.691.0672.2122.444.6152.555.727.3182.566.832.8242.688.943.9302.6111.354.7134.065.627.576.732.110.987.536.712.5109.546.015.5

4000

1088.0353.4134.0589.1224.175.1824.7314.2104.9448.1150.280.9672.2224.1122.4896.3161.759.4203.374.236.5242.689.043.9323.4117.858.4404.3147.873.0177.987.536.7102.143.014.5117.849.016.6145.561.220.6

5000

1360.6441.2168.6736.9276.593.8

1030.6392.7131.7559.0187.1101.2838.5281.8152.51120.4203.374.2254.192.945.5302.6111.354.7404.2147.873.0505.9184.891.2221.8109.546.0127.153.618.2145.561.220.6182.576.525.9

6000

1630.9529.0201.0882.4335.0112.51235.9469.0157.1672.2224.1122.41007.2337.3182.51342.1242.688.9302.6111.354.7365.0134.065.6485.1177.987.5607.5221.8109.5268.0131.755.2152.564.221.7175.673.524.7219.591.931.0

8000

2176.0706.9268.01178.1448.1150.21647.0626.0210.2896.3300.3161.71342.1450.5242.61790.3323.4117.8406.6147.873.0485.1177.987.5646.8238.0117.8808.5298.0145.5355.7175.673.5203.385.728.9233.397.933.0293.4122.441.3

10,000

—882.4335.01471.5559.0187.12060.5783.1263.31120.4374.2203.31679.4561.3302.6

—404.3147.8505.9184.891.2607.5221.8109.5808.5298.0145.51011.8372.0182.5445.8219.592.0256.4107.236.0291.1122.441.3365.0152.551.5

15,000

—1323.6503.62208.4838.5281.8

—1175.8392.71679.4561.3302.6

—843.2455.1

—607.5221.8757.7279.5136.3910.1335.0164.01215.1445.8219.41517.7556.7272.6667.6328.0138.6383.5161.754.3439.0184.861.9547.5228.777.4

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY - SECONDS SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL

TURBULENT FLOW RANGE LAMINAR OR VISCOUS FLOW RANGE


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FRICTION LOSS IN HEAD FOR VISCOUS LIQUIDSLoss In Feet Of Liquid Flowing In 100 Feet Of New Schedule 40 Steel Pipe

Gpm

3

5

7

10

15

20

25

30

40

50

60

70

80

100

PipeSize

22 1/2

32

2 1/232

2 1/23

2 1/234

2 1/23434634634634646846846868106810

20,00046.222.49.2576.537.515.7106.047.021.974.031.410.4111.046.215.562.320.84.1678.526.15.0892.331.26.0

124.041.58.0252.010.23.4662.212.24.1673.814.14.8516.25.552.1920.36.932.76

30,00069.333.813.9116.056.223.6162.070.533.0110.047.216.2166.069.324.293.532.36.23118.040.57.60139.047.59.01187.064.812.280.915.25.3197.018.56.47113.021.47.4024.78.303.0030.510.44.16

40,00092.444.818.5153.075.031.4212.093.844.0148.063.021.2222.092.431.6125.042.38.32157.053.110.2185.064.812.1249.085.516.2106.020.36.93126.024.58.32138.028.69.7032.811.14.3840.613.65.55

50,000116.056.223.1192.093.539.3266.0117.055.1185.078.526.6277.0116.039.2156.053.110.6196.066.512.7231.078.215.0312.0106.020.3133.025.38.55158.030.710.4185.035.812.241.112.85.3250.817.36.93

60,000139.067.227.7230.0112.047.2319.0141.065.8222.094.231.8333.0139.047.1187.063.812.7236.079.815.3277.095.518.0374.0128.024.2159.030.510.4190.036.912.7221.043.014.849.216.66.1461.020.88.09

80,000185.089.737.0307.0149.063.0425.0188.087.8296.0126.042.5444.0185.063.0249.085.016.9318.0106.020.3369.0128.024.1500.0170.032.3212.040.613.9254.049.317.1295.057.219.665.522.28.5581.227.711.1

100,000231.0112.046.1

384.0188.078.5

532.0236.0110.0370.0157.053.1

555.0231.078.5

312.0106.021.0

392.0133.025.3

462.0159.030.1

625.0212.040.5

266.050.817.3

316.061.521.2

369.071.524.582.027.811.6

102.034.716.6

150,000168.069.3

347.0575.0282.0118.0798.0352.0164.0555.0252.079.8

830.0347.0118.0467.0159.031.7

590.0199.038.1

693.0238.045.1

935.0318.060.5

400.076.326.1

475.092.031.9

555.0108.036.7

123.041.516.2

152.052.020.7

200,000224.092.5462.0768.0374.0157.0

1060.0470.0219.0740.0314.0106.0

1110.0462.0157.0623.0213.042.0785.0238.050.9924.0318.060.1

1250.0425.081.0531.0102.034.6632.0123.042.5740.0143.048.8164.055.521.5203.069.227.7

500,000561.0231.0

1160.01910.0938.0393.0

1170.0549.0

1850.0785.0266.0

1160.0393.0

1560.0531.0105.0

1960.0665.0129.0

955.0150.0

1060.0202.0

1330.0254.086.6

1580.0307.0106.0

1847.0358.0122.0410.0139.057.8508.0173.067.0

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY - SECONDS SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL

LAMINAR OR VISCOUS FLOW RANGE


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PUMPING SLURRYSOLIDS HANDLING CAPABILITIES, SUCTION PRESSURE LIMITATIONS

Pumping Slurry

Normally when a metal casing and a rubberdiaphragm are utilized, slurry of about 30 - 40%can be pumped, though care must be taken to thesize of slurry particles. When pumping slurry of ahigh sedimentation rate, pay attention to the fol-lowing points:

1. Secure a minimum flow velocity of 1.1 Ft/Sec (20m/min)

Please note that 1.1 Ft/Sec is a minimum velocity.A velocity of 3 Ft/Sec (55 m/min) to 7 Ft/Sec (130m/min) may be required to keep solids in suspen-sion, although it is ideal to keep velocities as slowas possible to minimize abrasion.

2. Always consider inlet pressure. Inversion of thediaphragm can occur if over 45 PSI (3.0 Bars) inletpressure on rubber diaphragms and 4.3 PSI (0.3Bars) for PTFE diaphragms.

3. When the pump is at a standstill, attemptcleaning. Don’t let the slurry set up in the pump.

4. If utilizing plastic pump casing, take extra pre-caution when pumping highly abrasive slurry. Thecontent shall be kept below 10Wt%.

Weight concentration (Wt%) = (X) 100

Where, W = water (kg) S = Solid matter (kg)

5. If slurry particles are uneven, install a strainer onthe suction side of the pump so large foreign mat-ter will not enter.

SW + S


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Handling abrasive with a positive displacementpump is generally considered a tricky application.A rule of thumb is to oversize the pump and oper-ate slower. This also applies to air-operated dou-ble diaphragm and solids handling rotary pumps.The key to handling abrasives is wear versus time,and internal fluid velocities which induce wear andaccelerate erosion. With a diaphragm pump,

solids; within the maximum size and percent, arehandled well. However; the wearing componentsof a pump operating at 30 strokes per minute willbe considerably less than that of a smaller pumpoperating at 130 strokes per minute. While initialcosts may be less, another good rule of thumb is(decrease speed by half, increase life by a factorof six or more).

MESH CHARTCOMPARATIVE PARTICLE SIZE

U.S. Mesh Inches Microns

10 .0787 2000

12 .0661 1680

14 .0555 1410

16 .0469 1190

18 .0394 1000

20 .0331 841

25 .0280 707

30 .0232 595

35 .0199 500

40 .0165 420

45 .0138 354

50 .0117 297

60 .0098 250

70 .0083 210

80 .0070 177

100 .0059 149

120 .0049 125

140 .0041 105

170 .0035 88

200 .0029 74

230 .0024 63

270 .0021 53

325 .0017 44

400 .0015 37

HANDLING ABRASIVES


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The typical pump performance curve is based onwater which has a specific gravity of 1.0. Pumpinga liquid with a specific gravity other than 1.0 willaffect the pump's performance. Fluids with a spe-cific gravity higher than 1.0SG will require moreenergy to pump the same volume of liquid aswater. Likewise, if the fluid has a lower specificgravity than 1.0SG, it will require less energy tomove the same volume of liquid than water.

As is, the case with power pumps often the dis-charge conditions are given in pounds per squareinch gauge (PSIG).

To convert this to feet of head, multiply PSIG by2.31.

To illustrate specific gravity correction, we will usethe pump curve on page 2 which shows a designpoint of 60 GPM @ 75' TDH with a specific gravityof 1.0.

Using a specific gravity of 1.85, the corrected totaldynamic head would be 40.5' TDH.

However, you would still need to read the airrequirements for the 75' TDH mark which is 60PSIG @ 35 SCFM.

If on the other hand, if someone wants 60 GPM @75' TDH and tells you that the specific gravity is1.85, you would multiply the 'TDH × S.G.

75' TDH × 1.85 S.G. = 138.75'

138.75' TDH would be the point on the curve youwould read for your air requirements, which wouldbe 95PSIG @ 48 SCFM.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY


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Typical Wetted Materials of Construction 54

Diaphragm Pressure Limits 55

Typical Diaphragm Materials 55

Pressure vs. Temperature 56

Estimated Diaphragm Life Calculation 57

Effective Diaphragm Area (AEFF) 58

Special Surface Finishes 59

RA Surface Finish 60

MATERIALS OFCONSTRUCTION


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TYPICAL WETTED MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION

POLYPROPYLENE (PP/PPG)

Temperature range: 30° to 180°FGood chemical resistanceLightweightLimited temperature / pressure capabilitiesNot compatible with petroleum based solventsCan be glass filled for added mechanical strength

KYNAR® (PVDF)

Temperature range: 0° to 248°FExcellent chemical resistanceGood strength / higher temperature capabilityCan be carbon filled for electrical conductivity (groundability)

ALUMINUM (356-T6)

Used in many non-corrosive, non-abrasive applicationsLightweight

CAST IRON (FC)

Used with a variety of non-corrosive servicesGood for slurry applications

STAINLESS STEEL (316SS)

Used with more chemically active fluidsHigh abrasion resistance

HASTELLOY (B2/C276)

Used with highly corrosive fluidsHighly abrasion resistance

Teflon® (PTFE)

Temperature range: 32° to 176°FInert to most chemicals100% Virgin PTFE

Plastic pumps in general are recommended for strong acids and caustics and not recommended for high temperatures or slurries.

Metal pumps in general are good for abrasion resistance, solvents, hydrocarbons, and high temperature applications.

We do not show the temperature limits on metal pumps because body material temperature limits will exceed elastomer temperature limits.


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TYPICAL DIAPHRAGM MATERIALS

RUBBER COMPOUNDS

BUNA N (NBR)

Temperature range: 10°F to 180°FExcellent for oil / petroleum based fluidsIdentification: Red or pink dot / Diaphragm is black

NEOPRENE™ (CR)

Temperature range: 0°F to 180°FExcellent elastomer for use in non-aggressive applicationsGood for abrasive materialsIdentification: No dot / Diaphragm is dull black

NORDEL® (EPDM)

Temperature range: -40°F to 210°FGood for extremely cold applicationsGood resistance to acids and causticsIdentification: Green or blue dot / Diaphragm is black

VITON® (FPM)

Temperature range: -20°F to 248°FExcellent for aggressive fluids such as aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons and acidsGood for high temperature applicationsIdentification: Silver dot / Diaphragm is black

NOTE: For estimated diaphragm cycle life, consult pump manufacturer.

Rubber diaphragms can handle a maximumpositive inlet pressure of 25-40 PSIG dependentupon pump size, pump design and diaphragmmaterial.

Teflon® diaphragms are limited to 4.3 PSIG (10’)positive inlet pressure due to their poor flexibilityand low tolerances for mechanical stress.

Back up diaphragms may be used in connectionwith Teflon® diaphragms to help extend teflondiaphragm life in severe applications.

Typically rubber diaphragms can operate underany amount of vacuum, however teflondiaphragms are generally limited to 16” HG.

DIAPHRAGM PRESSURE LIMITS


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THERMOPLASTIC COMPOUNDS

SANTOPRENE® (TPO)

Temperature range: -10°F to 225°FGood for abrasive materialsGood resistance to acids and causticsGood for high temperature applicationsIdentification: No dot / Diaphragm is shiny black

HYTREL™ (TPE)

Temperature range: 0°F to 248°FExcellent general purpose / durable diaphragmLong life in non-aggressive applicationsIdentification: No dot / Diaphragm is cream/tan

Teflon® (PTFE – Polytetrafluoroethylene)

Temperature range: 40°F to 212°FExcellent choice for pumping highly aggressive fluidsCan have good life if abrasives are not presentBack up rubber diaphragm may be usedIdentification: No dot / Diaphragm is white

Elastomers may be available in FDA compliant material for use with food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

NOTE: For estimated diaphragm cycle life, consult pump manufacturer.

As a general rule, the working pressure of adiaphragm pump is based upon operation at roomtemperature (70° F).

If the temperature is too high or too low leakageproblems may occur and diaphragm life may beshortened.

As the temperature increases above room temper-ature the pump’s ability to handle pressure willdecrease

As the temperature decreases below room tem-perature diaphragms become brittle and crack.Pump casings contract from cold temperature andleakage occurs.

All pumps work on a pressure/temperature curve.Consult your pump’s manufacturer for furtherinformation.

PRESSURE VS. TEMPERATURE


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ESTIMATED DIAPHRAGM LIFE CALCULATION

Formula for Calculation:

1. GPMA ÷ GPMM = % Max Flow Rate2. % Max Flow Rate x MSPM = SPMA

3. SPMA x T = SPD4. EDL ÷ SPD = AEL

NOTE:

GPMA = Gallons Per Minute Actual OutputGPMM = Gallons Per Minute Max. OutputMSPM = Maximum Strokes Per MinuteSPMA = Strokes Per Minute Actual

T = Time, in minutes, pump runs per daySPD = Strokes Per DayEDL = Estimated Diaphragm LifeAEL = Actual Estimated Life

EXAMPLE: NDP-20BST, @ 10GPM, 4 hrs. per day operation

1. 10 GPM ÷ 21 = .4762. .476 x 195 = 92.82

3. 92.82 x 240 = 22,2774. 8,000,000 ÷ 22,277 = 359 Estimated life in days

NOTE: There are many variables which will affect diaphragm life and thus this calculation is just an estimation and should be regarded as such.


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EFFECTIVE DIAPHRAGM AREA (A EFF)

AEFF is an approximation of the actual working area of a diaphragm. It is deter-mined by averaging the diameter at the outermost flex point of the diaphragmand the outside diameter of the outer diaphragm plate and calculating the areafrom resultant diameter.

Displacement per stroke (D)

The volume swept by the diaphragms or bellows in one stroke.

The displacement per stroke can by approximated with the following formula:

—Effective diaphragm area

It should be noted that the actual displacement per stroke would vary to somedegree with diaphragm construction and flow rate during operation due to theflexibility of the diaphragm.


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Special surface finishes are becoming more com-mon on stainless steel pumps when used in suchindustries as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, biotech and electronics. There are many different

ways to measure surface finishes. The following isa cross reference of some of the methods formeasuring surface finishes.

SPECIAL SURFACE FINISHES

Emery Polishing Paper (CAMI)4/0 = 800 grit3/0 = 600 grit2/0 = 500 grit1/0 = 400 grit

1 = 2802 = 2203 = 180

*80 micron - 180 micronBrown A/O - tougher & morewear resistance, longer life

* 9 micron - 60 micronWhite A/O - finer - soft

mineral, breaks down easier

MicroCuts Like Finishes Like

15 mic. 600 - - - - - - - much finer30 320-400 - - - - 60040 240-320 - - - - 360-40050 220 - - - - - - - 32080 180 - - - - - - - 280


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RA SURFACE FINISH

#10 Polish

#9

#8

#7

#6

#5

#4

#3

+ 400# Grit

320# Grit

260-280# Grit

220-240# Grit

180-220# Grit

150# Grit

120# Grit

80# Grit

40# Grit

2L (Lapped)

4L (Lapped)

8G (Ground)

16G (Ground)

25ST (Sharp Turn)

40ST (Sharp Turn)

2 RA

4 RA

10 RA

15 RA

20 RA

30 RA

40 RA

100 RA

RA Finish is typically used to measure surface finish on a machined part while polish and grit finishes areused to measure surface finish on mechanically polished parts.


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Introduction 62

Halogenated Solvents Warning 63

Index of Chemicals 64

Chemical Synonyms/Alternate Listings 109

Manufacturer/Product Reference 113

CORROSION RESISTANCEGUIDE


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INTRODUCTION

KEY TO RATINGS: A = ExcellentB = GoodC = Fair to PoorX = Not Recommended— = No Data Available

Data limited to % concentration and/or temperature (°F) shown; where not shown, temperature is 70°F.

Nordel®, Viton®, Hytrel® and Teflon® are registered trade marks of Du Pont Dow Elastomers.Kynar® is a registered trademark of Pennwalt Corporation.Santoprene® is a registered trademark of Monsanto.Ryton® is a registered trademark of Philips Chemical.Hastelloy® is a registered trademark of Haynes.

This chapter is intended as a general guide in theselection of proper pump construction materials.This listing includes the most common liquidsused in industrial and processing applications. Inusing this guide, please take note of the following:

1. The chart data has been compiled from manysources believed to be reliable. NOGUARANTEE IS IMPLIED OR EXPRESSLYSTATED HEREIN.

2. Because of the extensive scope of this field thetabulation is not complete nor conclusive.Corrosion rates may vary widely withconcentration, temperature and the presenceof abrasives. Impurities or other trace elementscommon in industrial liquids may inhibit oraccelerate the reaction of the material beingpumped and the effect on pump materials.

3. Chemicals or liquids may independently becompatible with a type of pump construction,the combination of several liquids may changethe chemical compatibility with a givenmetal/plastic and elastomer. It is important thatthis is remembered when selecting acceptablematerials of construction for a pump.

4. In the case of uncertainty regarding corrosionresistance, testing the materials ofconstruction under conditions as close toactual as possible is recommended.


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HALOGENATED SOLVENTS WARNING

WARNING!HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS, SUCH AS 1,1, 1 TRICHLOROETHANE AND METHYLENE CHLORIDE,SHOULD NOT BE USED IN ALUMINUM EQUIPMENT. AVIOLENT EXPLOSION COULD RESULT.

• Carbon Tetrachloride

• Chloroform

• Dichlorethylene

• Methyl Chloride

• Methylene Chloride

• Trichlorethylene


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AcetaldehydeAcetamideAcetic AcidAcetic AnhydrideAcetoneAcetone CyanohydrinAcetonitrileAcetophenoneAcetyl AcetoneAcetyl ChlorideAcetyleneAcetyl Salicyclic AcidAcetylene TetrabromideAcroleinAdipic AcidAlcohols

Allyl AlcoholAmylBenzylButylDecyl AlcoholDenatured AlcoholDiacetoneEthylEthyl Butyl AlcoholHexylIsoamyl AlcoholIsobutylIsopropylLauryl AlcoholMethyl Amyl AlcoholMethylOctylPropylTridecyl Alcohol

Allyl BromideAllyl ChlorideAlkazeneAlumAluminum AcetateAluminum Ammonium

SulfateAluminum BromideAluminum ChlorideAluminum FluorideAluminum HydroxideAluminum NitrateAluminum PhosphateAluminum Potassium

SulfateAluminum Sodium

Sulfate

Aluminum SulfateAminesAmmonia Anhydrous,

LiquidAmmonia Gas - ColdAmmonia Gas - HotAmmonia LiquorsAmmonia Cupric SulfateAmmonium AcetateAmmonium BicarbonateAmmonium Bifluoride -

10%Ammonium CarbonateAmmonium CaseniteAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium DichromateAmmonium FluorideAmmonium HydroxideAmmonium

MetaphosphateAmmonium NitrateAmmonium NitriteAmmonium OxalateAmmonium PersulfateAmmonium PhosphateMonobasicAmmonium Phosphate,

Di BasicAmmonium Phosphate,

Tri-BasicAmmonium SulfateAmmonium SulfideAmmonium SulfiteAmmonium ThiocyanateAmmonium Thiosulfaten-Amyl AmineAmyl BorateAmyl ChlorideAmyl ChloronaphthaleneAmyl NaphtaleneAmyl PhenolAnileneAnilene DyesAnilene HydrochlorideAnimal GelatinAnisoleAnsul EtherAnthraquinoneAnti-Freeze - Alcohol

BaseAnti-Freeze - Glycol

BaseAntimony PentachlorideAntimony TrichlorideAqua RegiaAroclor

A Aromatic HydrocarbonsAromatic SolventsArsenic AcidArsenic TrichlorideAbsorbic AcidAskarelAsphaltAsphalt ToppingASTM - Ref Motor Fuel

A (Aliphatic)B (30% Aromatic)C (50% Aromatic)

ASTM - Ref OilAviation Gasoline

Barbeque SauceBarium CarbonateBarium Chloloride

DihydrateBarium CyanideBarium HydroxideBarium NitrateBarium SulfateBarium SulfideBeef ExtractBeerBeet Sugar LiquorsBenzaldehydeBenzeneBenzene Sulfonic AcidBenzoic AcidBenzoyl ChlorideBenzyl AcetateBenzyl BenzoateBenzyl ChlorideBenzyl DichlorideBenzolBiphenylBismuth SubcarbonateBlack Sulfate LiquorBlast Furnace GasBleach SolutionsBoraxBordeaux MixtureBoric AcidBrake FluidBrewery SlopBrineBromine - AnhydrousBromine TrifluorideBromine WaterBromobenzeneBromochloromethaneBromotolueneBronzing Liquid

ButadieneButaneButterButtermilkButyl Acetaten-Butyl Acetate Butyl Acetyl RicinoleateButyl AcrylateButyl AmineButyl Benzoate Butyl ButyrateButyl CarbitolButyl CellosolveButyl ChlorideButyl EtherButyl OleateButyl StearateButyleneButyraldehydeButyric AcidButyric AnhydrideButyronitrile

Calcium Acetate HydrateCalcium BisulfiteCalcium CarbonateCalcium ChlorateCalcium ChlorideCalcium HydrosulfideCalcium HydroxideCalcium Hypochlorite

20%Calcium NitrateCalcium OxideCalcium SilicateCalcium SulfateCalcium SulfideCalcium SulfiteCalgonCane JuiceCane Sugar LiquorsCapryl AlcoholCaprylic AcidCarbamateCarbitolCarbolic AcidCarbon DioxideCarbon SidulfideCarbon MonoxideCarbon TetrachlorideCarbonated BeveragesCarbonic AcidCaseinCatsupCellosolve

C

B

INDEX OF CHEMICALSA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X-Z


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INDEX OF CHEMICALS (CONTINUED)

Cellulose AcetateCellelube Hydraulic

FluidsChlorinated Lime - 35%

BleachChlorinated WaterChlorineChlorine DioxideChlorine TrifluorideChloroacetic AcidChloroacetoneChlorobenzeneChlorobutadieneChlorobromomethaneChloroform1-ChloronaphthaleneChlorosulfonic Acido-ChlorophenolChlorotheneChlorotrifluoroethyleneChloroxChocolate SyrupChromic Acid - to 25%Chromic Acid - Over

25%CiderCitric AcidCitrus Pectin LiquorCobalt ChlorideCoffeeCoke Oven GasCopper AcetateCopper ChlorideCopper CyanideCopper FluoroborateCopper Nitrate

HexahydrateCopper SulfateCopper SulfideCreamCreosote, Wood-TarCresylic AcidCrotonaldehydeCumemeCyclohexaneCyclohexanolCyclohexanoneCyclopentaneCymene

DecahdronaphthaleneDecanalDecane

Detergent SolutionsDeveloping Fluids &

SolutionsDextroseDibenzyl EtherDibenzyl SebecateDibutyl AmineDibutyl PhthalateDibutyl SebecateDichloroacetic Acido-DichlorobenzeneDichlorobutaneDichchloroethyl EtherDichloro Isopropyl EtherDichclohexylamineDiethanol AmineDiethyl AmineDiethyl BenzeneDiethyl CarbonateDiethyl EtherDiethyl PhthalateDiethyl SebecateDiethylene EtherDiethylene GlycolDiethylene TriamineDilsobutyl KetoneDiisobutyleneDiisodecyl AdipateDiisodecyl PhthalateDiisooctyl AdipateDiisooctyl PhthalateDiisooctyl SebecateDiisopropyl AmineDiisopropyl BenzeneDiisopropyl KetoneN, N-DimethylanilineDimethyl EtherN, N-Dimethyl

FormamideDimethyl PhthalateDimethyl SulfateDimethyl SulfideDinitrotolueneDioctyl PhtahalateDioctyl SebecateDioxolanesDipenteneDiphenyl OxidesDipropylamineDipropylene GlycolDipropyl KetoneDivinyl BenzeneDodecyl BenzeneDow CorningDowthermDry Cleaning FluidsDyes

D

C

EpichlorohydrinEpsom SaltsEthaneEthanolamineEthyl AcetateEthyl AcetoacetateEthyl AcrylateEthyl Aluminum

DichlorideEthyl AmineEthyl BenzeneEthyl BenzoateEthyl BromideEthyl Butyl AcetateEthyl Butyl KetoneEthyl ButyraldehydeEthyl ButyrateEthyl CaprylateEthyl CellosolveEthyl CelluloseEthyl ChlorideEthyl ChlorocarbonateEthyl CyanideEthyl FormateEthylexyl AcetateEthylhexyl AlcoholEthyl IodideEthyl IsobutyrateEthyl MercaptanEthyl OxalateEthyl

PentachlorobenzeneEthyl PropionateEthyl SilicateEthyl SulfateEthyleneEthylene ChlorohydrinEthylene DiamineEthylene DibromideEthylene GlycolEthylene Glycol

Monobutyl EtherEthylene Glycol

MonobutylEther AcetateEthylene Glycol

MonomethylEthylene OxideEthylene TrichlorideEthylidene Chloride

Fatty AcidsFerric Chloride

Ferric HydroxideFerric NitrateFerric SulfateFerrous ChlorideFerrous SulfateFluoboric Acid FluorineFluorobenzeneFluosilicic AcidFormaldehydeFormamideFormic AcidFreon 11Freon 12Freon 13Freon 13B1Freon 14Freon 21Freon 22Freon 113Freon 114Freon 114B2Freon 115Fruit JuicesFumaric AcidFuranFurfuryl Alcohol

Gallic AcidGasoline - unleadedGasoline - PetrolGelatinGlauber’s SaltGluconic AcidGlucoseGlueGlycerolGlycolic AcidGlycolsGold MonocyanideGrape JuiceGreaseGreen Sulfate Liquor

HalowaxHeptanalHeptaneHexanalHexalinn-Hexanen-Hexane 1Hexylene GlycolHoneyHydrazine

H

G

F

E(continued)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X-Z


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Hydrobromic AcidHydrochloric AcidHydrocyanic AcidHydrofluoric AcidHydrogen FluorideHydrogen PeroxideHydrogen Sulfide (Wet)HydroquinoneHydroxyacetic Acid -

10%Hypochlorous Acid

InkIodineIdoformIsoamyl AcetateIsoamyl ButyrateIsoamyl ChlorideIsobutyl AcetateIsobutyl AmineIsobutyl ChlorideIsobutyric AcidIsododecaneIsooctaneIsopentaneIsophoroneIsopropyl AcetateIsopropyl AmineIsopropyl ChlorideIsopropyl Ether

Jet Fuels KerosineLacquersLacquer SolventsLactic AcidLactolLatexLead AcetateLead ChlorideLead NitrateLead SulfamateLigroin (LigroineLignin LiquorLime BleachLime SlurriesLime, SodaLime SulfurLimoneneLinoleic AcidLindol

Lithum BromideLye

Magnesium CarbonateMagnesium ChlorideMagnesium HydroxideMagnesium NitrateMagnesium OxideMagnesium SulfateMaleic AcidMaleix AnydrideMalic AcidMaple Sugar LiquorsMayonnaiseMercuric ChlorideMercuric CyanideMercurous NitrateMercuryMesityl OxideMethaneMethyl AcetateMethyl AcetoacetateMethyl AcrylateMethyl Acrylic AcidMethyl AmineMethyl Amyl AcetateMethyl AnilineMethyl BromideMethyl Butyl KetoneMethyl ButyrateMethyl CellosolveMethyl ChlorideMethyl CyclopentaneMethyl DichlorideMethyl Ethyl KetoneMethyl FormateMethyl HexaneMethyl IodideMethyl Isobutyl KetoneMethyl Isopropyl KetoneMethyl MethacrylateMethyl OleateMethyl Propyl KetoneMethyacrylic AcidMethylamineMethyl BromideMethylene ChlorideMilkMine WaterMixed AcidsMolassesMonochlorobenzeneN-Methyl AnilineMonoethanolamineMonomethylether

M

J-K-L

I

H Monovinyl AcetyleneMustard

NapthaNaphtha Coal TarNaphthaleneNaphthoic AcidNeohexaneNeosolNeville AcidNickel AcetateNickel ChlorideNickel NitrateNickel SulfateNitranaNitric AcidNitrobenzeneNitroethaneNitrogen TetroxideNitromethane1-Nitropropane

Octadecanen-OctaneOctyl AcetateOctachlorotouleneOils: A through D

Almond OilAmyl AcetateAnimal Fats & OilBunker OilCastor OilCinnamon OilCitric OilsClove OilCoconut OilCod Liver OilCorn OilCotton Seed OilCreosote, Coal-TarCutting OilCutting OilDiesel OilDiester Synthetic OilsDispersing Oil #10

Oils: E through HEthylene DichlorideFish OilFluorolubeFuel OilsFurfualFusel OilGinger Oil

Grapefruit OilHalowax OilHydraulic Oil

Oils: L through NLardLavender OilLemon Oil Linseed OilLubricating OilsMethyl SalicylateMineral OilNeatsfoot Oil

Oils: O through QOleic AcidOlive OilPalm OilPeanut OilPeppermint OilPetroleum

Oils: R through SRape-Seed OilRose OilRosin Oil

Oils: R through SSesame Seed OilSilicone OilsSoybean OilSperm Oil

Oils: T through ZTransformer OilTung OilVegetable OilsWalnut OilWhite Oil

OleumOlein0-DicholobenzeneOxalic AcidOzone

Paints & SolventsPaint Thinner, DUCOPalmitic AcidParaffinsParaformaldehydeParaldehydePentachlorethanePentachlorophenolPentanePerchloric AcidPerchloroethylenePhenethyl AlcoholPhenolPhenol Sulfonic AcidPhenyl Acetate

P

O

N

(continued)



67

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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PhenylbenzenePhenyl Ethyl EtherPhenyl HydrazinePhoronePhosphoric AcidPhosphorus OxychloridePhosphorus TrichloridePhotographic DeveloperPickling SolutionPicric AcidPinenePiperidinePlating Solution

CadmiumChromeLeadOthers

Polyvinyl AcetateEmulsion

Potassium AcetatePotassium BicarbonatePotassium BisulfatePotassium BisulfitePotassium BromidePotassium CarbonatePotassium ChloratePotassium ChloridePotassium ChromatePotassium Copper

CyanidePotassium CyanidePotassium DichromatePotassium HydroxidePotassium IodidePotassium NitratePotassium NitritePotassium

PermanganatePotassium PhosphatePotassium SilicatePotassium SulfatePotassium SulfidePotassium SulfitePropanePropionaldehydePropionic Acidn-Proply AcetatePropyl Alcoholn-Propyl NitratePropylenePropylene DichloridePropylene GlycolPropylene OxidePydraul

PyranolPyridinePyroligneous AcidPyrrole

Quaternary AmmoniumSalts

RosinRotenoneRubber Latex EmulsionsRubber SolventsRumRust InhibitorsSalad DressingSal AmmonianSal SodaSalicyclic AcidSalt WaterSea WaterSewageSilicate EstersSilver CyanideSilver NitrateSkydrol Hydraulic FluidSoap SolutionsSoda AshSodium AcetateSodium AluminateSodium BicarbonateSodium BisulfiteSodium BisulfateSodium BorateSodium BromideSodium ChlorateSodium ChlorideSodium ChromateSodium CyanideSodium DichromateSodium FluorideSodium

HexametaphosphateSodium HydroxideSodium HypochloriteSodium MetaphosphateSodium MetasilicateSodium NitrateSodium NitriteSodium PerborateSodium PeroxideSodium PhosphateSodium SilicatesSodium SulfateSodium SulfideSodium SulfiteSodium Tetraborate

Q-R-S

P Sodium ThiosulfateSorgumSoy SauceStannic ChlorideStannous ChlorideStarchStearic AcidStoddard SolventStyreneSucrose SolutionSulfamic AcidSulfite LiquorsSulfurSulfur ChlorideSulfur DioxideSulfur HexafluorideSulfur TrioxideSulfuric AcidSulfurous Acid

Tall OilTallowTannic AcidTanning LiquorsTar, BituminousTartaric AcidTerpenesTerpineolTeritary Butyl AlcoholTeritary Butyl CatecholTeritary Butyl MercaptanTetra BromomethaneTetrabutyl TitanateTetrachloroethyleneTetrachlorodifluoroethaneTetrachloroethaneTetraethyl LeadTetraethylene GlycolTetrahdrofuranTetrahydronaphthaleneThionyl ChlorideThiopeneTitanium TetrachlorideTolueneToluene DiisocyanateToluidineTomato Pulp & JuiceToothpasteTransmission FluidTriacetinTriallyl PhosphateTriaryl PhosphateTributoxyl Ethyl

PhosphateTributyl Phosphate

Tributyl MercaptanTrichloracetic AcidTrichlorobenzencesTricloroethaneTrichloroethyleneTrichloropropaneTricesyl PhosphateTriethanol AmineTrethyl AluminumTriethyl AmineTriethyl BoraneTriethylene GlycolTrimethylene GlycolTrinitrotolueneTrioctyl PhosphateTurpentine

Unsymmetrical DimethylHydrazine

UreaUrineValeric AcidVanilla ExtractVarnishVegetable JuicesVinegarVinyl AcetateVinyl ChlorideWater

DistilledFresh

WaxesWeed KillersWhiskeyWhite Sulfate LiquorWinesWort, DistilleryXyleneXylidinesZeoliteZinc AcetateZinc CarbonateZinc ChlorideZinc HydrosulfiteZinc Sulfate

U-V-W-X-Z

T

(continued)



68

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

C

B

X

XXXX

B2120

90%

A

C

A

B

X

X

A

X

X

B

B

B

B

–

–

XX–X

C

C

–

–

–

–

X

A

–

–

–

–

-

X

B

X

BBCX

B

X

B

A

X

X

X

C

X

X

–

X

X

A

A

A

AAAA

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

AAAA

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

C

A

X

A

A

B

A

A

A

AAAA

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

X

B

X

CXCX

X

X

X

X

X

X

B

A

–

A

A

X

B

A

A

A

BCXX

B

B

A

A

B

B

X

A

A

X

A

A

B

A

X

A

AAAA

A

B

A

B

A

B

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

A

–

CCCA

A

A

–

B

B

–

A

A

–

–

–

A

A

C

A

X

BCCC

X

X

–

B/1000

A/700

–

X

X

–

–

–

B

A

A

–

A

ABBB

X

B

–

A

–

–

–

A

–

–

–

–

A

A/1500

A/1400

A

ABB

A/1200

B/700

X

–

A

A

–

A

A

–

–

–

A

A

A

A

A

–––A

A

A

–

–

A

–

A

A

–

–

–

–

–

A

A

–

AAAB

B

A

X

A

A

A

C

A

B

–

–

X

-

X

B

X

CCCC

C

X

X

C

X

X

X

A

–

X

B

X

B

Acetaldehyde (Ethanal) CH3CHO

Acetamide (Acetic Acid Amide) CH3COHN2Acetate Solvents CH3COOR

Acetic Acid - 20%30%50% CH3COOH

Glacial CH3COOH

Acetic Anhydride (CH3CO)2O(Acetic Oxide)

Acetone (Dimethylketone) CH3COHO3Acetone Cyanohydrin (CH3)2C(OH)CH

Acetonitrile (Methyl Cyanide) CH3CN

Acetophenone(Phenyl Methyl Ketone) CH6H5COCH3Acetyl Acetone(2,4-Pentanedione) CH3COCH2COH2

Acetyl Chloride CH3COCI

Acetylene (Ethyne) HC = CH

Acetyl Salicyclic Acid (Aspirin) (CH3OCO) CH64COOH

Acetylene Tetrabromide(Tetra Bromoethane) (CHBr2)2Acrolein (Acrylaldehyde) H2C=CHCHO

Acrylonitrile (Vinyl Cyanide) CH2=CHCN

Adipic Acid H00C(CH2)4(1,4-Butanedicarboxylic Acid) COOH

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA

Rating Key: (A) Excellent (B) Good (C) Fair to Poor Data limited to % concentration and/or temperature(X) Not Recommended (-) No Data Available 0F shown. Where not shown, temperature is 700 F ambient.

PlasticMetalElastomers


69yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



ABXAAAXXAAABBAAAABA

B

X

X

X

A

C

B

AABB–ABAABAAAA–A–AA

–

X

–

–

A

A

-

–A–B–––A–––––A––A––

–

–

–

–

–

–

-

ABBAXBXAABBABB–ABB–

X

X

X

X

A

C

B

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

BAAA–ABBABBAAABABB–

–

–

X

B

A

A

A

BBAABBXXBBAABABABAB

B

B

A

–

X

X

A

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

BBBB–BABBAABBAABAAA

X

X

X

–

–

B

-

AAAB–BAAAAABBAABAAA

X

X

–

–

–

C

-

AAAA–AAAAAAAAAAAAAA

–

B

B

–

B

A

-

–AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

A

A

A

–

A

A

-

–BAB–AXBA

A/700

A–AA–

A/1200

AAA

–

A/700

A/700

–

A

A/1000

A

–AAAAAAAAAA––––––––

–

–

A

–

–

A

-

–AAA–AAAAAAA

A/1500

A–AA

A/1200

A

–

A

–

–

A

A

A

A–A–A––––––––––––––

–

–

–

–

–

–

-

AlcoholsAllyl Alcohol (2-Propen-1-ol) R-OHAmyl (1-Penatol) C4H9CH2OBenzyl (Phenylcarbinol) C6H5CH2OHButyl (Butanol) C3H7CH2OHDecyl Alcohol (Decanol)Denatured AlcoholDiacetone (Tyranton) (CH3)2C(OH) CH2COCH3Ethyl (Ethanol) CH3CH2OHEthyl Butyl AlcoholHexyl (1-Hexanol) C5H11CH2OHIsoamyl AlcoholIsobutyl (Isobutanol)Isopropyl (Isopropanol)Lauryl Alcohol (n-Dodecanol)Methyl Amyl AlcoholMethyl (Methanol)Octyl (Caprylic Alcohol)Propyl (Propanol) C2H5CH2OHTridecyl Alcohol

Allyl Bromide (3-Bromopropene) H2C=CHCH2Br

Allyl Chloride (3-Chloropropene) CH2=CHCH2CI

Alkazene (Chlorethyl orPolyisopropyl benzenes)

Alum (Aluminum PotassiumSulfate (Dodecahydrate) KAI(SO4)2 * 12H20

Aluminum Acetate(Burow’s Solution)

Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate AINH4(SO4)2(Alum)

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


70

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



–

B

C

B

A/10%

A

A

A1670

50%A

A

–

–

A

–

A/50%

B/90%

BB

2120

70%

B

–

B

–

–

–

–

–

–

B

A/70%

X

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

-

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

A

B

A

–

A

A

X

B

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

-

–

A

A

A

A

A

A

–

A

A

A

A

A

A

–

A

B

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

-

–

–

–

–

–

A

–

A

–

–

–

–

A

–

–

–

–

–

A

-

A

A

A

A

A

–

A

–

A

X

A

–

–

–

–

–

–

A

A

-

–

A

A

C

A

A

A

A

A

X

X

A

X

X

A

A

A

A

A

-

–

X

A/50%

B/10%

X

–

A/10%

–

B/30%

A

A

–

–

A

–

A

B

C

B

-

–

C

C

B/30%

–

–

X

–

X

–

A

–

–

A

–

B/50%

B

X

B

-

–

B

X

–

–

–

A

–

B

C

X

–

–

–

B

–

–

–

–

-

–

A

A

A

A

–

A

–

A

B

A

–

–

–

–

–

–

A

A

-

–

A

A

B

B

–

B

–

A

A

–

–

–

A

–

–

–

B

B

-

A

A

B

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

–

–

–

–

–

A

A

A

-

B

A

A

B

A

A

A

A

A

X

B

A

C

–

A

–

A

B

X

-

Aluminum Bromide AIBr3Aluminum Chloride AICI3Aluminum Fluoride AIF3Aluminum Hydroxide AI(OH)3(Alumina Trihydrate)

Aluminum Nitrate AI(NO3)3 * 9H20

Aluminum Phosphate AIPO4Aluminum Potassium Sulfate(Potash Alum) KAI(SO4)2Aluminum Sodium Sulfate(Soda Alum) NaAI(SO4)2Aluminum Sulfate(Cake Alum) AI2(SO4)3Amines R-NH2Ammonia Anhydrous, Liquid NH3Ammonia Gas - Cold

Ammonia Gas - Hot

Ammonia Liquors

Ammonia Cupric Sulfate (NH4)2Cu(SO4)2Ammonium Acetate CH3CO2NH4Ammonium Bicarbonate NH4HCO

Ammonium Bifluoride - 10% NH4HF2

Ammonium Carbonate (NH4)2CO3

Ammonium Casenite


71

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Ammonium Chloride NH4CI(Sal Ammoniac)

Ammonium Dichromate (NH4)2Cr2O7

Ammonium Fluoride NF4F

Ammonium Hydroxide(Aqua Ammonia) NH4OH

Ammonium Metaphosphate

Ammonium Nitrate

Ammonium Nitrite NH4NO2Ammonium Oxalate (NH4OOC)2Ammonium Persulfate (NH4)2S2O8Ammonium Phosphate, (NH4)H2PO4Monobasic

Ammonium Phosphate, Di Basic (NH4)2HPO4Ammonium Phosphate, Tri-Basic (NH4)2PO4 * 3H20

Ammonium Sulfate (NH4)2SO4

Ammonium Sulfide (NH4)2SAmmonium Sulfite (NH4)2SO * 3H2O

Ammonium Thiocyanate NH4SCN

Ammonium Thiosulfate (NH4)2S203

n-Amyl Amine (1-Aminopentane) CH3CO2C3H11

Amyl Borate C5H11B03

A A A A A A A X X A/30% A A - A A –

A A A A A A - A A B - - X - A –

B A - B A - A/20% B/10% B/20% A/50% A B - A A –

B A - B A A B B/30% B/30% B A A - A A –

A A - A A - A B/90% B A A A B A A A

A A - A A A A B A - A A - A A –

A - - A A A - - - A - A/70% A A A A

A - - A - A - - - - A B - B A –

B A - A A A A C X A - A - A A –

A A B A A A A X X B A A A A A –

A - - A A A A B - A A A B A A A

A - - A A A A X - B B A - A A –A

A A C A A A A X B 2120 B A B A A A80%

A - A A - A B C B B - A - A A

A - - - A - A C X B A A X A A –

A A - A A - A C C A/50% A B A - A

A A - A A A A A/40% X A/10% A - - B A –

C X - X A - X - - - - - - - A –

A X - B A B A - - - B - - - A


72

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Amyl Chloride(Chloropentane) CH3(CH2)4CI

Amyl Chloronaphthalene

Amyl Naphtalene C15H18Amyl Phenol C6H4(OH)C5H11Anilene(Anilene Oil) (Amino Benzene) C6H5NH2Anilene Dyes

Anilene Hydrochloride C3H5NH2 * HCI

Animal Gelatin

Anisole(Methylphenyl Ether) C6H5OCH3Ansul Ether

Anthraquinone C14H802Anti-Freeze - Alcohol BaseAnti-Freeze - Glycol Base

Antimony Pentachloride SbCI3Antimony Trichloride SbCI5Aqua Regia(Nitric & Hydrochloric Acid)

Aroclor PCB Mixtures

Aromatic Hydrocarbons C6H5R

Aromatic Solvents(Benzene, etc.)

C X – X A C A X A A B X A A A –

X – – X A C A – – – – – – A –

X X – X A C A – – – – – – – A –

X – – – A – A A A A A – A – A –

X C X X A A B B A A B A B A A A

X C – X A B B B C B – A – A A –

C – – X A A B X X X – X – A A –

A A – A A A A – – A A A – A A –

C – – X A – X B B B – – B – A –

C – – X A X X – – – B – – – A –

A – – – A – – B B B – – A – A –

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A –A A A B A A A A A A A A A A A –

X – – – A – – A A A A – A – A –

B A – – A – A B A A A A B A A –

X X – X A X B X X X C C C A A X

C X – X A – A A B A – – – – A –

X X C X A C A A A A A X – A A –

C X X X A – A A B A A B – A A –


73

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



B A – A A A A A X B B A B A A A

C X – A A B X B B X B – – – A –

– – – – A – A A X A – – – – A –

B X – X A X C – – A – – – – A –

B X – C A B A A B A – A – A A –

C – – A A – C – A A – – B A A –

A X A/1580 B A C A A A A A – – – A –A X A/1580 X A X A A A A A – – – A –B X C X A X A A A A A – – – A –

A X A/2120 B A B A A A A A – – – A –A X A B A – A A A A A – – – A –A X A/2120 C A – A A A A A – – – A –B X – X A – A A A A A – – – A –

A X – C A X A A A A A – – – A –

A – – A A B – – X A – A – A A –

A A – A A A A X B B B A – A A A

A A – A A – A B/50% B B/2120 B A A A A A

C – X A – A A – – A – X – – A –

AA A B A A A A X B B 1220 B A A A –

A – – A A A – B A A – A B A A A

A A X A A A A B B B – A B A A A

A A – A A A A X – B – A – A A –

Arsenic Acid AsH3O4Arsenic Trichloride(Arsenic Butter) AsCI3Absorbic Acid C6H806Askarel (Pyranol) PCB Mixtures

Asphalt Hydrocarbons

Asphalt Topping

ASTM - Ref Motor FuelA (Aliphatic)B (30% Aromatic)C (50% Aromatic)

ASTM - Ref Oil#1 (High Anilene)#2 (Medium Anilene)#3 (Low Anilene)#4 (High Anilene)

Aviation Gasoline

Barbeque Sauce Water, oils, spices

Barium Carbonate BaCO5Barium Chloloride Dihydrate BaCI2 * 2H2O

Barium Cyanide Ba(CN)2

Barium Hydroxide(Barium Hydrate) Ba(OH)2

Barium Nitrate Ba(NO3)2Barium Sulfate (Blanc Fixed) BaSO4Barium Sulfide BaS


74

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



A – – A A – A – X A – – – – A –

C A B A A A A A X A – A/750 A A/1750 A A

A A – A A A A A B A – A B A A –

X B B X A B X A A A – X – A A A

X X C/700 X A C B B B A/1670 B X A B A A

X C – A A – A C A A – X – B/1000 A A

X B – B A A A B X B – X B A A A

X X – X A A X X X B – A A A A A

X – – – A A X A A A – – – – A –

X B – X A C A A B B – – – – A –

X X – X A C A X A B – X – A A –

X X – X A – A X B A – B – A A –

X X C/700 X A B B B B – B X A B A A

X X – X A – A A A – – – – – A –

A A – A A – A – – B/10% – B – A A –

B A B A A B A C B A B – – – A –

C – B A A – A – – – – – – – A –

X A X X A B B X – B A B/3% – A A –

B A A A A A A B B A A A B A A A

A A B A A A – – – A A – – – A –

A A A A A A A A X A/30% A A C A A A

Beef Extract

Beer Water, Carbonate

Beet Sugar Liquors (Sucrose)

Benzaldehyde C6H5CHO

Benzene (Benzol) C6H6

Benzene Sulfonic Acid C6H5DO3H

Benzoic Acid(Benzene Carboxylic Acid) C6H5COOH

Benzoyl Chloride C6H2COCI

Benzyl Acetate CH3CO2 CH2C6H5

Benzyl Benzoate C6H5CO2CH2C6H5

Benzyl Chloride (Chlorotoluene) C6H5CH2CI

Benzyl Dichloride(Benzal Chloride) C6H5CHCI

Benzol (Benzene) C6H6

Biphenyl (Diphenyl) C6H5C8H5Bismuth Subcarbonate(Bismuth Carbonate) (Bi0)2CO3Black Sulfate Liquor

Blast Furnace Gas CO,H2,CH4,CO2,N2Bleach Solutions Water, chlorine, oxygen

Borax (Sodium Borate) B4Na202Bordeaux Mixture Copper sulfate salts

Boric Acid (Boracic Acid) H3BO3


75

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Brake Fluid(non-petroleum base) Silcones or glycols

Brewery Slop

Brine (Sodium Chloride) Salt Water

Bromine - Anhydrous Br2Bromine Trifluoride BrF3Bromine Water

Bromobenzene C65H5Br

Bromochloromethane BrCH2CI

Bromotoluene C6H4BrCH3

Bronzing Liquid

Butadiene C4H6

Butane (LPG) (Buty Hydride) C4H10

Butter Fats

Buttermilk Fats, water

Butyl Acetate CH3CO2(CH2)3CH3

n-Butyl Acetate CH3CO2(CH2)3CH3

Butyl Acetyl Ricinoleate C24H4405

Butyl Acrylate CH2CHCO2C4H9

Butyl Amine (Aminobutane) CH3(CH2)CH2NH2

Butyl Benzoate C6H5COO (CH2)3CH3

X A – A A A – A A A A X – – A –

A – – A A A A – A A – – – – A –

A A B A A A A – X A A A – A A –

X C X X A C A B C X A X – A/1500 A –

X X – X A C X A – B – X – – A –

X X – B A B B X – X A C – A A –

X X – X A X B X X A B X – – A –

X B – X A – C X B B B – – – A –

X – – – A – B X B A A – – – A –

X B – X A A X – – A A – – – A –

X C – C A A C A – A A X – A A A

A X A B A C A A A A – X B A A A

A A B C A A A A X A A A – – A –

A – – A – A A A X A – A – A/1000 A –

X B – X A C X A A A – X – B A –

X B – X A B X A A A A – – – A –

C C – X A B B – A – – – – – A –

X X – X A C X – – – – – – C A –

B X – X A A X A A A – X C B/700 A A

– B X X A C A B B B B – – – A –


76

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



X – – – A – X A A A A – – – A –

A A – B A B A – – – – – – – A –

B A – C A A C A A A A A A B A –

X – – – A – A X B B B X – A A –

A – – B A – C A B A A X – A/1000 A A

– C – X A C A – – – – – – – A –

A C – X A C B B B B B – – A A –

B X – X A X B A – A A X – A A A

X C – X A C X A A A A – – B A –

C C B X A C X A A A A A – A A –

C C B X A A C A X B A – X A A A

C A – – A – – A – A A – A – – A

X A X C X A X C – B – – – – – A

B A – C A – X C C B B – – – A –

A A – A A – A C B A/900 A A X A A A

A A – A A A A C B B B A A A A –

A A – A A – A B/30% B A/30% B A – A A –

A A – A A A A – A A A A X A A A

A A – A A A A X B B – A – A A –

C B X X A A A X X B B A A A A A

Butyl Butyrate CH3(CH2)2 CH2CO2C4H2

Butyl Carbitol CH3(CH2)3OCH CH2OCH2CH2OH

Butyl Cellosolve HOCH2CH2OC4H9

Butyl Chloride (Chlorobutane) CH3(CH2)3CL

Butyl Ether (Dibutyl Ether) (CH3(CH2)3CL

Butyl Oleate C22H4202

Butyl Stearate CH3(CH2)16 CO2(CH2)3CH3

Butylene (Butene) C4H8

Butyraldehyde CH3(CH2)2CH0

Butyric Acid CH3(CH2)C02H

Butyric Anhydride (CH3CH2CH2CO)2O

Butyronitrile CH3CH2CH2CN

Calcium Acetate Hydrate Ca(CH3COO)2 * H20

Calcium Bisulfite Ca(HSO3)2Calcium Carbonate (Chalk) CaCO3Calcium Chlorate Ca(CIO3)2Calcium Chloride (Brine) CaCI2 * 6H20

Calcium Hydrosulfide(Calcium Sulfhydrate) Ca(HS)2 * 6H20

Calcium Hydroxide (Slaked Lime) Ca(OH)02Calcium Hypochlorite 20%(Calcium Oxichloride) Ca(CIO)2


77

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



B B BA A – A A A A 2120 2120 2120 B A X A A A

40% 30% 40%

A A B A A B A A A A A B – A A –

A – – – A – A A B A A – – – A –

A A – A A A A C B/10% A/10% A A X A A A

A A – B A A A A/20% B B A A/1200 – A A –

A – – – A A A B/10% B A/10% – B/700 – B/700 A –

A – – A – A – – X A – A – – A –

A – – A – A A B A A – X – – A –

A A B A A A B A A A – A – A A –

A C – B A – B A A A A – – – A –

C – – – A – – A – A A – – A A –

C C – C A A A – – – – – – – A –

B C – C A B C A A A A – – – A –

X C X C A A A B A B A C X A/1500 A –

A B A A A B A A A A A A A A A A

X X C X A X A A B A/900 – X B A A A

C C A A A A C A A A A A B A A –

C X X X A X A X C B A X B A A A

B B A/50% X A A A X X A A A A A A A

Calcium Nitrate Ca(NO3)2

Calcium Oxide (Unslaked Lime) CaO

Calcium Silicate Ca2SiO4Calcium Sulfate (Gypsum) CaSO4Calcium Sulfide CaS

Calcium Sulfite CaSO3 * 2H2O

Calgon (NaPO3)6Cane Juice Sucrose, water

Cane Sugar Liquors

Capryl Alcohol (Octanol) CH3(CH2)6CH2OH

Caprylic Acid (Octanoic Acid) CH3(CH2)6 COOH

Carbamate H2NCO2R

Carbitol CH3CH2OCH2CH2 OCH2CH2OH

Carbolic Acid (see Phenol) C6H5OH

Carbon Dioxide(Carbonic Acid Gas) CO2Carbon Sidulfide(Carbon Bisulfide) CS2Carbon Monoxide CO

Carbon Tetrachloride(Tetrachloromethane) CCL4

Carbonated Beverages C02/H20


78

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Carbonic Acid (liquid) H2CO3Casein a phosphoprotein

Catsup (Ketchup)

Cellosolve (Glycol Ethers) HOCH2CH2OR

Cellulose Acetate C8H12O5Cellelube Hydraulic Fluids(Phosphate Esters)

Chlorinated Lime - 35% Bleach CA(CIO)2Chlorinated Water

Chlorine - Dry CL2Wet CI2/H20Anhydrous Liquid CI2

Chlorine Dioxide CIO2Chlorine Trifluoride CIF3Chloroacetic Acid(Monochloroacetic Acid) CICH2COOH

Chloroacetone(Monochloroacetone) CICH2COCH3Chlorobenzene(Monchlorobenzene) C6H5CI

Chlorobutadiene (Chloroprene) C4H5CL

Chlorobromomethane CICH2Br

Chloroform CHCI31-Chloronaphthalene C10H7CI

B – C A A A A A X B A A A A A A

A A – A A – A B – B B – – – A –

A A – C A A A B X A A A – – A –

C C X C A C B A – A A A/1000 A A A A

B – – B A – C B B A A C – A A –

X A C X A X B A A A A – – – A –

C A X X A X A – X A – – – – A –

C – X C A – A X X B – B X A A –

C – X C A – A X – B – X – A A –C X X X A C A B C A A X X A A XX – – X A C A X X X A – A A –

X C – X A X B B – X B X – A A –

X X – X A X B A – A – X – – – –

X B X C A – C X X X A A X A A A

X A – C A C C X B B B X – – A –

X X X X A C A X B B B X A A/1500 A A

X X – X A C A X B B B X – – A –

X – – X A X A X B B – X – – A –

X X X X A X A X A A A X A A A A

X X – X A X C X B B A X – – A –


79

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Chlorosulfonic Acid HSO3CL

o-Chlorophenol C6H5CIO

Chlorothene(Chlorinated Solvents) CH3CCL3Chlorotrifluoroethylene C2H2CIF

Chlorox

Chocolate Syrup Corn Syrup, water, sugar

Chromic Acid - to 25% H2CrOChromic Acid - Over 25% H2CrO4Cider (Apple Juice) Sucrose, water

Citric Acid C6H8O7 * H20

Citrus Pectin Liquor

Cobalt Chloride CoCI2 * 6H20

Coffee Fatty oils, acids. cellulose, water

Coke Oven Gas H2(53%),CH4(26%)N2(11%),CO(7%)&hydrocarbons (3%)

Copper Acetate Cu(C2H2O2)2 * CuO * 6H20

Copper Chloride CuCI2 * 2H2O

Copper Cyanide CuCN

Copper Fluoroborate

Copper Nitrate Hexahydrate Cu(NO3)2 * 6H20

Copper Sulfate (Blue Copperas) CuSO4 * 5H20

Copper Sulfide CuS

Cream

X X X X A A X B B B A X – X A X

X X – X A – B B B B B – B A A A

X – – X A – C X X A A – – – A –

X – – – A – – B B B B – – – A –

C A X B A B A – X A B B – A A –

A – – A A A – – X A – A – – A –

X A X X A A A B/10% B X B C X A/120% A AX C X X A A A X B X B C X A/120% A A

A B B A A A A B X A A – – – A –

B A A A A A A B X A/30% A B B A A A

A – – A A – A – – A A A – – A –

A C – A A A A X – – – A – – A –

A – – A A A – A – A A A – – A –

C – – C A B A – – – – – – A A –

B A – C A A A X A/90% B/10% B A – A A –

A A A A A A A X X X B A – A A –

A A – A A A A X A A/10% A A – A A A

B – – A – A A X X X B – – – A –

A A – A A A A X X A B A A A A A

A A A A A A A X X A/10% A A A A A A

A – – – A – A – – – – – – – A –

A – – C A A A – X A – A – – A –


80

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



A X X B A B A B B A – X X – A –

C X – X A B A B C A B X X A/1500 A –

X – – A A – A A A A A – – – A –

X X – X A – A B B B B – – – A –

B X A X A C A B B B B X A A A A

B X – A A B A C B A A B A A/1500 A A

X C – X A C X B B B B X A A A A

B X – A A – A B B B B – – – A –

C X – X A – A – – – – – – – A –

X X – X A – A – – – – – – – A –

X X – – A – X – – – – – – – A –

B C – X A C A – – – – A/70% – A A –

A A B A A A A B – A – A A – A A

A C X A A B A – X A A – – – A –

B A B/140% B A B A A X A A A – A A –

X C – X A C C B B B B – – C A –

X C A X A C B – – – – – – – A –

C C X – X A C X – A A A X B/70% A –

X A A A X A A B A A A B X – X A

X C – X A B C – A A – C – – A –

X – – X A B X – – – – – – – A –

X X X X A X A X B B A B – A/150% A –

Creosote, Wood-Tar Mixture of phenols

Cresylic Acid (cresol) C8H10O2

Crotonaldehyde CH3CHCHCHO

Cumeme (Isopropylbenzene) C6H5CH(CH3)2Cyclohexane C6H12Cyclohexanol C6H11OH

Cyclohexanone C6H100

Cyclopentane C5H10Cymene (Isopropyltoluene) C10H14Decahdronaphthalene (Decalin) C10H18Decanal CH3(CH2)8CHO

Decane CH3(CH2)8CH3Detergent Solutions

Developing Fluids & Solutions

Dextrose C6H12O6Dibenzyl Ether (C6H5CH2)2O

Dibenzyl Sebecate C24H304

Dibutyl Amine (C4H9)2NH

Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) C6H4(CO2C4H9)2Dibutyl Sebecate (DBS) C18H34O4Dichloroacetic Acid CI2CHCOOH

o-Dichlorobenzene C6H4CI2


81

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Dichlorobutane C4H8CI2

Dichchloroethyl Ether [CICH2CH2]2O

Dichloro Isopropyl Ether C6H12OCI2

Dichclohexylamine (C6H11)2NH

Diethanol Amine (HOCH2CH2)2NH

Diethyl Amine (CH3CH2)2NH

Diethyl Benzene C6H4(C2H5)2

Diethyl Carbonate (C2H5O)2CO

Diethyl Ether (Ether) (CH3CH2)2O

Diethyl Phthalate (DEP) C6H4(CO2C2H5)2

Diethyl Sebecate C14H2604

Diethylene Ether (Dioxane) C4H8O2

Diethylene Glycol (DEG) HOCH2CH2OCH2

Diethylene Triamine (NH2C2H4)2NH

Dilsobutyl Ketone C4H9COC4H9

Diisobutylene [HC=C(CH2)2]

Diisodecyl Adipate (DIDA) C26H50O4

Diisodecyl Phthalate (DIDP) C28H47O4

Diisooctyl Adipate (DIOA) C22H42O4

Diisooctyl Phthalate (DIOP) C24H39O4

X – – – A – A X B B – – – – A –

X – – – A – – B – – – – – – A –

X X – X A X X – – – – X – – A –

X X – X A B B – – – A – – – A –

B – – A A – – – A A A A – – A –

C C – C A – X B B A A A – A A –

X X – X A C A – – – – – – – A –

X – – X A – – – A – – – – – A –

B X C C A A X B A A A X A A A A

X – – – – – C A A A A – – – – –

X C A X A B B A A A A A/1200 – A/1200 A –

X A – X A B X A A A – – – – A –

A A A A A A A A A A A A – – A –

B – – – A – – A A A A – – – A –

X B – X A – X A A A A – – – A –

B – – C A C C – – – – A – A A A

X – – – A – C – – – – – – – A –

X A – X A – C – – – – – – – A –

X – – – A – C A A A A – – – A –

X – – – A – C – – – – – – – A –


82

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Diisooctyl Sebecate (DIOS) C26H46O4Diisopropyl Amine [(CH3)2CH]2NH

Diisopropyl Benzene C6H4 * [CH(CH3)2]2Diisopropyl Ketone [(CH3)2CH]2CO

N, N-Dimethylaniline C6H5N(CH3)2Dimethyl Ether CH3OCH3N, N-Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) HCON(CH3)2Dimethyl Phthalate C6H4(CO2CH3)2Dimethyl Sulfate (CH3)2SO4Dimethyl Sulfide (CH3)2S

Dinitrotoluene (DNT) CH3C6H3(NO2)2Dioctyl Phtahalate (DOP) C24H38O4Dioctyl Sebecate C26H50O4Dioxolanes (Dioxolans) Glycol ethers

Dipentene (Limonene) C10H16Diphenyl Oxides(Phenyl Ether) C6H5OC6H5

Dipropylamine (CH3CH2CH2)2 NH

Dipropylene Glycol (C3H6OH)2O

Dipropyl Ketone (Butyrone) (C3H7)2CO

Divinyl Benzene (DVB) C6H4(CH=CH2)2

Dodecyl Benzene (Alkane) C6H5(CH2011CH3

– B – – A – A – – – – – – – A –

B – – – A – – – – – – – – – A –

X X – X A C A – – – – – – – A –

X A – X A C X – – A – – – – A –

X C – X A B X B B – – X – A A A

A – – B A – A B B B B – – – A –C B C X A A X A – A A A/1200 B A/1200 A A

X C B X A A C – – – – – – A/700 A A

X – – – A – X – A – – – – – A –

X – – – A – – A A A A – – – A –

X X – X A B C – – A – – – – A –

X B A X A B B A A A A – – – A –X C – X A C C A A A A – – – A –

X B – X A C C – – – – – – – A –

C X – X A C A A A A A – – – A –

X C – X A C A B A A A – – A A –

B – – – A – – – – – – – – – A –

A – – – A A A – – – – A – A A –

X – – – A – – – – – – – – – A –

X – – – A – A – – – – – – – A –

X – – – A – A A A A – – – – A –


83

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



A – – A A A A A – A – – – – A –

X X – X A X A A B A A – – – A –

C – – X A X A A A A – X – – A –

– – – C – B A B – A – – – – A –

X B X X A B X A A A A A A X A A

A A – A A A A A – A B A – A A –

A X – C A C A A A A A C A – A –

B B – C A A X B A A – X X C A A

X B C X A A X A A A A C A A A –

X C – X A C X A A A A – – A/700 A –

X C – X A C X A A A A B – B/700 A –

X – – – A – B – – – – – – – A –

X A – C A – X B B A – – – – A –

X X – X A X A B B B A X A A A –

X C – X A C A A A A A B – – A –

X B – B A X – X A A – – – – A –

X – – – A – X – – – – – – – A –

X – – – A – X – – – – – – – A –

X – – – A – X – – – – – – – A –

X X – X A – C B A A A B – – A A

Dow Corning (Silicones) [(CH3)2SiO]2Dowtherm(Biphenyl & Phenyl Ether) (C6H5)2 AND (C6H5)2O

Dry Cleaning Fluids Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Dyes

Epichlorohydrin C3H5CIO

Epsom Salts(Magnesium Sulfate) MgSO4 * 7H20

Ethane C2H6Ethanolamine (Aminoethanol) H2NCH2 CH2OH

Ethyl Acetate CH3COOC H2CH3Ethyl Acetoacetate CH3COCH2(Acetoacetic Ester) COOCH2CH3

Ethyl Acrylate CH2CHCO CH2CH3

Ethyl Aluminum Dichloride CH3CH2AICI2

Ethyl Amine (Monoethylamine) CH3CH2NH

Ethyl Benzene CH3CH2C6H5

Ethyl Benzoate C6H5CO2CH2CH3

Ethyl Bromide (Bromoethane) CH3CH2Br

Ethyl Butyl Acetate CH3CO2CH2 CH(2H5)2

Ethyl Butyl Ketone CH3CH2COC4H9

Ethyl Butyraldehyde C6H12O

Ethyl Butyrate CH3CH2CH2 CO2C2H5


84

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Ethyl Caprylate CH3(CH2)5 CO2C2H5Ethyl Cellosolve C2H5O(CH2)2OH

Ethyl Cellulose (Ethocel)

Ethyl Chloride (Chloroethane) C2H5CI

Ethyl Chlorocarbonate(Ethyl Chloroformate) CICO2C2H5Ethyl Cyanide (Propionitrile) C2H5CN

Ethyl Formate HCOOCH2 CH3Ethylexyl Acetate CH3CO2CH2 CH(C2H5)C4H9Ethylhexyl Alcohol(Ethylhexanol) C8H17OH

Ethyl Iodide CH3CH2I

Ethyl Isobutyrate (CH3)2Ethyl Mercaptan(Ethanethiol) CH3CH2SH

Ethyl Oxalate C2H502C CO2C2H5Ethyl Pentachlorobenzene C2H5C6CI5Ethyl Propionate CH3CH2 COOCH2CH3Ethyl Silicate Si(OCH2CH3)4Ethyl Sulfate C2H5OSO2OH

Ethylene (Ethene) C2H4

Ethylene Chlorohydrin CICH2CH2OH

Ethylene Diamine (CH2)2(NH2)2

X X – X A – – – – – – – – – A –

C B – C A B X – – – – – – – A –

B B B B A A C B A B B C – – A B

A A X C A X A X B A B X A A A A

– – – C A A A – – – – – – – A –

X A – B A – X – – – – – – – A –

X C – B A B A B A B B – – – A –

X – – – A – X – – – – – – – A –

A – – – A – B A A A A – – – A –

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – A –

X X – X A – – – – – – – – – A –

X X – C A C B B A B B – – – A –

X A – X A B B – – – – – – – A –

X – – X A X A X – – – X – – A –

X X – X A – – A A A A – – – A –

A A – A A B A B A A A – – – A –

A – – – A B A – – X – – – – A –

B C – A A C A A A A – – – – A –

X A X B A C B – B A A X – A/700 A –

B A – A A A X C A A A A A B A A


85

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Ethylene Dibromide(Ethylene Bromide) Br(CH2)Br

Ethylene Glycol(Ethylene Alcohol (Glycol) CI(CH2)2CI

Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether(Butyl Cellosolve) C4H9OCH2CH2OH

Ethylene Glycol MonobutylEther Acetate(Cellosolve Acetate) C2H50(CH2)2 O2CCH3

Ethylene Glycol MonomethylEther (Methyl Cellosolve) CH3O(CH2)2OH

Ethylene Oxide (CH2)2O

Ethylene Trichloride(Triclorothene) CICHCCI2

Ethylidene Chloride CH3CHCI2

Fatty Acids C8H20+1COOH

Ferric Chloride FeCI3

Ferric Hydroxide FeHO2

Ferric Nitrate Fe(NO3)3

Ferric Sulfate Fe2(SO4)3

Ferrous Chloride FeCI2

Ferrous Sulfate FeSO4

X C – X A – B X X B B X – A A –

A A A A A A A/700 A A A A A/1200 A A A A

B B – X A – C A A A A – – – A –

C B – X A – C A A A A – A – A –

C B – C A – X B B A A – – – A –

X X A X A A C A B A A C – A A X

X A – X A X A X A A A X – – A –

X X – X A – – X B A B – – – A –

B X B C A B A A/900 X A A B A A A –

A A B A A A A X X X A A A A A A

B A – – A – C – – A B – A – A –

A A – A A A A X X B A A A A A A

A A – A A A A C X B A A A A A A

A A X A A A A X X B/20% B A A A A A

A A A A A A A A/10% C B A A A A A A


86

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Fluoboric Acid (Flouroboric Acid) HBF4Fluorine (Liquid) F2Fluorobenzene FC6H5Fluosilicic Acid (Sand Acid) H2SiF6Formaldehyde (Formalin) HCHO

Formamide HCONH2Formic Acid HCOOH

Freon 11(Trichlorofluoromethane) CCI3F

Freon 12(Dichlorofluoromethane) CI2CF4Freon 13(Chlororfluoromethane) CICF3Freon 13B1(Bromotrifloromethane) BrCF3Freon 14(Tetrafluoromethane) CF4Freon 21(Dichlorofluoromethane) FCHCI2Freon 22(Chlorofluoromethane) HCCIF2Freon 113(Trichlorotetrafluoroethane) CI3CCF3Freon 114(Dichlorotetrafluoroethane) C2CI2F4

A A X B A A C X X A/30% – A A A A A

X C X C A X B A – A – X A A/700 A –

X X – X A C A – – – – X A – A –

B B – A A A A X X A/2120 B A A A A A

B A C/400 C A A A A C A/90% A A A A/1200 A A

A A – A A – X A B B B – A – A –

C B C B A A C X X C A A/70% A A A A

C X A C A C B B A A – B A A A A

B B B B A X B A A A – – A A A –

A A C A A X A A A A A – A – A –

A A – A A – A – – – – – A – A –

X B – X A – – – – – – – A – A –

X X – B A X X A – – – – A A A –

X C X B A X X A A A A – A A A –

B X A/1300 A A X B B – A – – A A A –

A C A A A X A B – A – – A A A –


87

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Freon 114B2(Dibromotetrafluoroethane) C2Br2F4

Freon 115(Chloropentafluoroethane) C2CIF5

Fruit Juices Water, sucrose

Fumaric Acid (Boletic Acid) Hydrocarbons

Furan (Furfuran) C4H40

Furfuryl Alcohol C5H602

Gallic Acid C6H2(OH)3 COOH

Gasoline - unleaded C4 to C12 hydrocarbons

Gasoline - Petrol Hydrocarbons

Gelatin Water solube proteins

Glauber’s Salt(Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate) Na2so4 * 10H20

Gluconic Acid C6H12O7

Glucose (Corn Syrup) C6H12O6

Glue

Glycerol (Glycerine) C3H8O3

Glycolic Acid HOCH2COOH

B X – A A X B – – – – – A – A –

A A – A A X B A – – – – A – A –

A A B A A A A A/10% X A A A A A A A

C – – B A A A – – – – – A – A –

X X X X A B C – – – – C A X A A

X B B – A A X A A A A – A B/1000 A –

B B X C A B A A/20% X B B A/700 A A/70% A A

X X – X A X A A A A A C A A A A

A X A C A X A A A A A C A A A A

A A B A A A B A A A – A B A A –

A B B A A – A – – – – – – – A –

C – – – A – A B C A/50% A – – – A –

A A B A A A A A A A – A A A A –

A B B A A A A A A B A A B – A –

A A A A A A A A B A A A A A A A

A A – A – A A – – – A A – A A A


88

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



A A A A A A A A B A B A A A A A

A – – A – A A – – X X – – – A –

C – – X A A A – X A – A – A A –

A – A X A B A A – A – – – – A –

B A X B A A A B C A B A – – A –

X X X – – X A X – – – – – – – –

A – – – – – A A A A A A C – A A

A X – C A X A A A A A C/1400 A A A A

B B – B A – C A B A B – – – A –

B C – A A – A – – – – – – – A –

A X A B A B A A A A A C/1400 C A A A

A X – B A X A – – – – – – – A –

A C – A A – A A A A A – – – A –

– – – A A A – A A A – A – – A –

C A X C A A X A X A A X B X A –

X A – C A A A X X X – B X A A A

B A – B A A A X C X B A X A A AC A X B A A A X C X A A X A A AC A X C A A B X X X A B X A A A

Glycols

Gold Monocyanide AuCN

Grape Juice Water, sucrose

Grease

Green Sulfate Liquor

Halowax Chlorinated naphthalenes

Heptanal CH3(CH2)5CHO

Heptane C7H16

Hexanal CH3(CH2)4CHO

Hexalin (Cyclohexanol) C6H11OH

n-Hexane C6H14

n-Hexane 1 (Hexylene) H2CCH(CH2)2CH3

Hexylene Glycol(Brake fluid) C6H12(OH)2

Honey

Hydrazine (Diamine) H2NNH2

Hydrobromic Acid HBr

Hydrochloric Acid10% HCI20% HCI37% (Conc.) HCI


89

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Hydrocyanic Acid(Formonitrile) HCN

Hydrofluoric Acid(Conc.) Cold HF

Hydrogen Fluoride(Anhydrous) HF

Hydrogen Peroxide3% H2O210% H2O230% H2O290% H2O2

Hydrogen Sulfide (Wet) H2S

Hydroquinone C6H4(OH)2

Hydroxyacetic Acid - 10% HOCH2COOH

Hypochlorous Acid HCIO

Ink

Iodine I2

Idoform CHI3

Isoamyl Acetate CH3CO2CH2CH2CH (CH3)2

Isoamyl Butyrate C9H18O2

Isoamyl Chloride (CH3)2 CHCH2CH2CI

Isobutyl Acetate CH3CO2CH2 CH(CH)

Isobutyl Amine (CH3)2 CHCOOH

Isobutyl Chloride (CH3)2 CHCH2CI

B A X C A A A A/10% X A B A X A A –

– C X C A X B C X X B X X A A A

X C – C A – A X – X A A – A A –

B B X B A A A A – – – A – A/1200 A XC B X C A A A A B A A A – A/1200 A XC B X X A A A A X B A A – A/1200 A XX C X B A X A A X A – – – A/1200 A X

X A A C A A X A/90% X A/1670 A A C A A A

C – – X A A C A/90% B A/10% B – – A A –

X – – X A A – B – B – – – – A –

X B – X A A A X X X A A – A A –

A – – A A A A C X A A – – – A –

B B B B A A A A X X A A – A/150% A X

– A – – A B – A A A A – – A A –

X B – X A – X A A A A – – – A –

X – – – A – X A A A A – – – A –

X X – X A – A X – – – – – – A –

X C – X A – X A A A A – – – A –

X – – – A – X – – – – – – – A –

X – – – A – B X B B B – – – A –


90

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



X A – B A – – A – – A – – – A –

B X – A A – A B B B – – – – A –

A X A B A C A A A A A A – A A A

A – – – A – A – – – A – – – A –

X C – X A B X A A A – – – – A –

X B – X A B X A A A A B – – A –

X – – – A – X – A A – – – – A –

X X – X A C B X A A A X – – A –

C X – C A B C B – A – X – A/70% A –

A X X C A X A A A A A X A A A A

A X A C A X A A A A A X A A A A

X X X X A C X A B A A – B – A –

X X C X A C X A B A A C B X A –

B A X B A A A A X A/70% A A C A A A

C – – X A – A A A A A – – – A –

A A A A A A A A – A – A B – A –

B A – A A A X X – B B A – A A A

– – – B A – – X – B B A – A A –

B A – A A – A X B B A A A A A –B – – A A A A – – – B A – – A –

Isobutyric Acid (CH3)2 CHCOOH

Isododecane (CH3)2 CH(CH2)8CH3Isooctane(Trimethylpentane) C8H18Isopentane (CH3)2 CHCH2CH3Isophorone C9H140

Isopropyl Acetate CH3COOCH (CH3)2Isopropyl Amine C3H7NH2Isopropyl Chloride (CH3)2CHCI

Isopropyl Ether (CH3)2CHOCH

Jet Fuels (JP1 to JP6)(ASTM-A, A1 & B)

Kerosine (Kerosene) Hydrocarbons

Lacquers

Lacquer Solvents

Lactic Acid CH3CHOH COOH

Lactol(Aliphatic Naptha Solvent) CH3CHOH CO3C10H7Latex Rubber emulsion

Lead Acetate(Sugar of Lead) Pb(CH3CO2)2Lead Chloride PbCI2Lead Nitrate Pb(NO3)2Lead Sulfamate


91

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



A X – B A B A – A A – X – – A –

A – – A A – A – – A – – – – A –

A A – C A A A X – – – B – A A –

B – C A A B B B – B A – A A A –

B A – B A A B – – – – – – – A –

A A – A A B A X – A – A – – A –

C X – X A – A – – – – – – – A –

B X – X A B B A – A A A – A A –

X – – C A A B – – – – – – – A –

A – – X A – A – A – – A A A A

C A X B A A B – – A – A X A/1500 A AA C A A A A A A B B B A A A A –

A A A A A A A A/20% B/30% B/40% A A B A A A

B A C B A A A A/10% A A A A A A A A

A A – A A A A B/50% B A B A – A A A

A – – A A A B A/10% A A A – – – A –

A A B A A A A A/70% A A/40% A A A A A A

X X – A A A A A/20% B/60% B A A – A A –

– X – – A – A A/20% B A A – – – A –

B X – C A A A B – A B – – – A –

A A – A A B A – – A – – – – A –

Ligroin (Ligroine (Benzene) Petroleum fraction

Lignin Liquor Blend of natural aromatic oils

Lime Bleach

Lime Slurries

Lime, Soda(Slaked lime & soda ash) CaO

Lime Sulfur CaS + CaSO4Limonene C10H16Linoleic Acid C18H3202Lindol (Tritolyl Phosphate) C21H21O4P4Lithum Bromide LiBrH20

Lye (Potassium Hydroxide) KOH

Magnesium Carbonate MgCO3Magnesium Chloride MgCO2O

Magnesium Hydroxide(Milk of Magnesia) Mg(OH)2Magnesium Nitrate Mg(NO3)2 * 6H20

Magnesium Oxide MgO

Magnesium Sulfate(Epsom Salts) MgSO4 * 7H2O

Maleic Acid (CHCOOH)2Maleix Anydride C4H2O3Malic Acid (Apple acid) C4H6O5

Maple Sugar Liquors (Sucrose) Water, sucrose


92

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



A – – A A A – X X A A A – – A –

A A – B A A A X X X B A B A A –

B A – B A A A X B B B A – A A –

B A – B A – A X B B/2120 B A – A A –

A A A A A A A X A A A A C A A –

X B – X A C X A A A A – – – A –

A X B B A X A A A A A B A A A –

X C C C A B X A A A A C B – A –

X – – – A – X – A A A – – – A –

– C – C A B X – A A – – – A/700 A –

– C – C A – X – – – – – – A –

B A – A A B A/90% B B A B X – C A –

A – – – A – X A A A A – – – A –

A A – A A – – – – – – – – – A –

C A X X A X A X A A B X – A A –

X B – X A C X – – A – X – – A –

X X – X A – – A A A A – – – A –

X – – X A A/700 X A – – – A – A A –

X C X X A X B X A A A X B A A A

B X – X A C A – – A – – – – A –

X – – X – X A X – – – X – – A –

Mayonnaise Water, fats, oils

Mercuric Chloride HgCI2Mercuric Cyanide Hg(CN)2Mercurous Nitrate Hg2(NO3)2 * 2H2O

Mercury Hg

Mesityl Oxide (CH3)2c = CHCOCH3Methane CH4Methyl Acetate

Methyl Acetoacetate CH3COCH2 COOCH3Methyl Acrylate CH2CHCO2CH3Methyl Acrylic Acid (Crotonic Acid) CH3(CH)2COOH

Methyl Amine(Monomethylamine) CH3NH2Methyl Amyl Acetate C8H16O2Methyl Aniline C6H5NH(CH3)

Methyl Bromide(Bromo Methane) CH3Br

Methyl Butyl Ketone(2-hexanone) CH3COC4H9Methyl Butyrate CH3(CH2)2 CO2CH3Methyl Cellosolve CH3OCH2 CH2O

Methyl Chloride CH3CI

Methyl Cyclopentane C6H12Methyl Dichloride CH2CI2


93

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



X A C X A A X A A A A X B X A A

X C – B A B X A A A – – – – A –

A X – A A – A – – – – – – – A –

X A – X A A/70% – X A A A – – – A –

X B X X A C X A B B A C/70% A A/70% A A

X C X X A C X – – A – C – A/70% A –

X X – X A B C B – A – A – A/70% A –

X C – X A C B – – – – – – – A –

X B – X A – X – – – – – – – A –

– – – B A A B – – – – – – – A –

B A – A A A A/90% B B A B A – – A –

X – – X A – B X A A A – – A A –

X X X X A X B X B A/90% A X – B/1000 A A

B A B A A A A A X A A A A A A –

A – – – A B – B – B A – – – A –

X B – X A – A X X B B X A A A –

A A B A A A A A A A A A – A A A

X – C X A X A X A A – X B A/100% A A

X – – X A – C – – – – C A – A –

B – – C A A C B A A – X – X A A

A – – B A – A – – – A – X – A –

Methyl Ethyl Ketone(Butanone) CH3C0 * CH2CH3Methyl Formate HCOOCH3Methyl Hexane C7H16Methyl Iodide CH3I

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone(Hexone) CH3COCH2CH (CH3)2Methyl Isopropyl Ketone CH3COCH(CH3)2Methyl Methacrylate CH2C(CH3) CO2CH3Methyl Oleate C19H36O2

Methyl Propyl Ketone CH3CH2 CH2COCH3Methyacrylic Acid CH3CHCHCO2H

Methylamine CH3NH2Methyl Bromide CH2Br2Methylene Chloride CH2CI2Milk

Mine Water

Mixed Acids (Sulfuric & Nitric) H2SO4, HNO3Molasses

Monochlorobenzene C6H5CI

N-Methyl Aniline C6H5NHCH3Monoethanolamine NH2C2H4OH

Monomethylether


94

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



A – – B A – A – – – – – – A –

C – B A A A X B X A A A A – A –

A X A X A X A A B A A X A A A A

X X – X A – A A B A A – – – A –

X X C X A C A B A A A A A A A A

B X – – A – A B B A B – – – A –

A – – – A – A – – – – – – – A –

A B – A A – C B B A A – – – A –

C C – C A A B – – – – – – – A –

B A – B A A X B/10% – A – A – A A –

A A X A A A A X X B A A B A A A

A A – A A – A X – A B A – A A A

A A – A A A A X X A/40% B A A A A A

B – – B A – C – – A – – – – A –

X B C B A A A A X A A A – A A XX B X C A B A X X A A A – A A XX C X X A B A X X A A B – A A XX X X X A X A X X A X C – A A XX X X X A X A – X A X X – A A XX X X X A X B A X A A X – A/1200 A XX X X X A X B A X A B X – C A –

X X X X A A B A A A B B B A/700 A –

Monovinyl Acetylene

Mustard

Naptha(Petroleum spirits) (Thinner) Petroleum fractions

Naphtha Coal Tar (Benzol) Hydrocarbons

Naphthalene (Tar Camphor) C10H8

Naphthoic Acid C11H8O2

Neohexane (2, 2-dimethylbuane) C6H14

Neosol

Neville Acid

Nickel Acetate Ni(CH3CO2)2

Nickel Chloride NiCI2

Nickel Nitrate Ni(NO3)2 * 6H20

Nickel Sulfate NiSO4

Nitrana (Ammonia Fertilizer)

Nitric Acid10% HNO325% HNO335% HNO350% HNO370% HNO3Concentrated HNO3Red Fuming

Nitrobenzene C6H5NO2


95

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



X C – C A A X A A A A C – A/70% A –

X X B/50% X A – C A B A A X – C A –

X C X C A A X A A A A C – A/1200 A A

X A – C A – X A A A A – – – A –

A X – B A B A – – – – – – – A –

A X – – A B/70% A – – – – X – A A –

X – – – A – X A – A – – – – A –

X – – X A – A X – – A X – – A –

X B – X A – X – – – – – – – A –X A C X A B X A B A B B X A/1200 A AA B B C A – A A X A A – – A A –A X – B A B A A A A A – – – A –A B B A A B A A B A A – – – A –– – – C A C – – X A – – – – A –C B – X A C A – X A – A – – A –– – – C A C – – X A – – – – A –B A – B A B A B A A – – – – A –B A – B A B A A X A – – – – A –A C A C A C A B C B – A – A A –A A A C A B A A C A – A B A A AA X X C A B A B B B B X X – A –C – – X A – A A A A A – – – A –A – – C A – – A A A A – – – A –A X A C A C A A A A A B – A A –B X – X A – A A A A A – – – A –X X – X A – C A A A A – – – A –

Nitroethane C2H5NO2

Nitrogen Tetroxide N2O4

Nitromethane CH3N02

1-Nitropropane CH3(CJ2)2NO2

Octadecane CH3(CH2)16CH3

n-Octane C8H18

Octyl Acetate CH3COO (CH2)7CH3

Octachlorotoulene C7CI8

Oils: A through DAlmond Oil (artificial)Amyl Acetate (Banana Oil)Animal Fats & OilBunker Oil (fuel #5, #6, #7Castor OilCinnamon OilCitric OilsClove Oil (eugenol)Coconut Oil (Coconut Butter)Cod Liver Oil (Fish Oil)Corn Oil (Maize Oil)Cotton Seed OilCreosote, Coal-Tar (Tar Oil)Cutting Oil (water soluble)Cutting Oil (Sulfur Base)Diesel Oil (Fuel ASTM #2)Diester Synthetic OilsDispersing Oil #10


96

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



X X X X A X B X B B B X B A A AA – – – A B A – – – A – B – A AC A – A A X B A A A A X – – A –A X B C A C A A A A A C C A A AX B – B A C C A B A/20% B X B B/1200 A AA A – A A – A – – – – – – – A –– – – A A C A – X A – – – – A –X – – X A – – – X A – – – – A –X X – X A X A X – – – – – – A –A X X B A X A A A A A X C – A –

A X B C A B A A A B A A B A A AB X – X A B B – – – – – – – A –– – – C A C A A – A – – – – A –A C B A A B A A A A A A A A A AA X A B/1500 A – A A A A A A A A A AX C – X A B B A A – – – – – A –A X A B A C A A A A A B A A A AA C – – A B A – – A – – – – A –

C C A X A – B A C B A B B A A AA C – C A B A A A A A A A A A AA – – C A B A – A A A – – – A –A X – B A B A – A A A A/700 – A A –X – – X A C A – – A – – – – A –B X C C A X A B B A A X A A A –

B A – C A B A – A A A – – – A –– – – C A A A – – A – – – – A –A – – A A – A – – – – – – – A –

Oils: E through HEthylene Dichloride (Dutch Oil)Fish OilFluorolube (Flourocarbon Oils)Fuel Oils (ASTM #1 thru #9)Furfual (Ant Oil)Fusel Oil (Grain Oil)Ginger OilGrapefruit OilHalowax OilHydraulic Oil (Petroleum Base)

Oils: L through NLard (lard Oil)Lavender OilLemon Oil (Cedro Oil)Linseed Oil (Flaxseed Oil)Lubricating Oils (petroleum)Methyl Salicylate (Betula Oil)Mineral Oil (petroleum)Neatsfoot Oil

Oils: O through QOleic Acid (Red Oil)Olive OilPalm OilPeanut OilPeppermint OilPetroleum (Crude Oil) (Sour)

Oils: R through SRape-Seed Oil (Colza Oil)Rose OilRosin Oil (Rosinol)


97

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



A – – C A B A – A A – – – – A –A A A C A C A B B A A A – A A AA C A A A B A A A A A B B – A AA – – X A B A – A A A – – – A –

B X – C A X A A A A A B C – A –A X B C A B A A – A A A – – A –B A A C A A A A B A A X – – A AA – – B A – A – – – – – – – A –A X – C A C A – – A A – – – A –

C – X X A X A X X A – X – X A –

B – – C A X – – – – – – – – A –

X – – X A X A X A A – X – – A –

C A X B A A C B X B/90% B A B A/1200 A A

X A C B A X A A/10% A/10% A A X A A A –

X – – X A – – A – A A – A – A –

A X – C A C B A – A A X A – A –

B B A C A A B B B A – A – A A –

A – – – A A – A – A A A A – A –

B – – B A – C A/10% A A A – A – A –

C A – B A – X A A A A – A – A –

X – – X A – A X A A A – A – A –

X X – X A – A A A A A – A – A –

A X B B A B A A B B A – – – A –

Oils: R through SSesame Seed OilSilicone Oils (Versilube, etc.)Soybean OilSperm Oil (Whale Oil)

Oils: T through ZTransformer Oil (Petroleum)Tung Oil (Wood Oil)Vegetable OilsWalnut OilWhite Oil (Mineral) (Petroleum)

Oleum (Fuming sulfuric acid) H2SO4/SO3Olein (Triolene) C57H104O60-Dicholobenzene C6H4CI2Oxalic Acid (COOH)2Ozone O3Paints & Solvents

Paint Thinner, DUCO Hydrocarbons

Palmitic Acid CH3(CH2)4 COOH

Paraffins (Paraffin Oil) Hydrocarbons

Paraformaldehyde (CH20)8Paraldehyde C6H12O3Pentachlorethane (Pentalin) CI2 CHCCI3Pentachlorophenol (PCP) C6CI5OH

Pentane (Amyl Hydride) C5H12


98

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



X B X B A/70% X A X X B – – C A A A

X X X X A X A X B A/90% B X A A A A

X B – X A – X A A A A – – – A –

X C X C A C A B A B A C X A/100% A A

X – – – A – X B B B – – – – A –

X B – X A – X – – – – – – – A –

X – – X A C A – – – – – – – A –

X X – X A C C – – – – – – – A –

X X – X A B A A X – – X – A/1200 A –

X C – X A B A – – – – – – – A –

A A – B A A A X X A – A/1200 – A A AC A – B A A A X X A/2120 A A/1200 – A A AX A – B A A A X X A C A/1200 – A A AX B X B A C A X X A/2120 – A/1200 – A A A

– – – X A – – B B B B – – – A –

X A – X A A A C B A A X – A A A

A – X A – A A C X A A A C A A A

– X X X A A B – – – A – – – A –

B B X B A X A A C A B B – A A –

B X – X A C A – – – – – – – A –

X X – X A B X – – – – – – – A –

Perchloric Acid HCIO4Perchloroethylene(Tetrachloroethylene) C2CI4Phenethyl Alcohol(Benzyl Carbinol) C6H5(CH2)OH

Phenol (Carbolic Acid) C6H5OH

Phenol Sulfonic Acid C6H4(OH)SO3H

Phenyl Acetate CH3COOC6H5Phenylbenzene C6H5Phenyl Ethyl Ether (Phenetole) C6H5OC2H5Phenyl Hydrazine C6H5NHNH2Phorone(Diisopropylidene Acetone) C9H14O

Phosphoric Acid10% H3PO420% H3PO450% H3PO4Concentrated H3PO4

Phosphorus Oxychloride POCI3Phosphorus Trichloride PCI3Photographic Developer

Pickling Solution

Picric Acid (Carbazotic Acid) (NO2)3 C6H2OH

Pinene C10H16Piperidine C5H11N


99

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Plating SolutionCadmiumChromeLeadOthers

Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion PVac = H20

Potassium Acetate CH3CO2K

Potassium Bicarbonate KHCO3

Potassium Bisulfate KHSO4

Potassium Bisulfite KHSO3

Potassium Bromide KBr

Potassium Carbonate (Potash) K2CO3

Potassium Chlorate KCIO3Potassium Chloride KCI

Potassium Chromate K2CrO4Potassium Copper Cyanide K3[Cu(CN)4]

Potassium Cyanide KCN

Potassium Dichromate K2Cr2O

Potassium Hydroxide(Caustic Potash) (Lye) KOH

Potassium Iodide KI

Potassium Nitrate (Saltpeter) KNO3

B – – B A A – – – A – X – B A –X C – X A A A – – – – X X B A XB – – B A A – – – – – A A B A XA A – C A A B – – A – – – – A –

– A – C A A – – B B – A – A A –

B A – B A A X B/10% A B – A – A A –

A – – A A A A B B/40% A/30% B A – A A A

A – – A A – A A/10% X A/10% B A – A A –

A – – A A – A B/10% – B/10% – – – – A –

A A – A A A A A B/80% B/90% A A – A A A2120 2120

A A – A A A A X B B A A B A A A

A A – A A A A X B A/60% A A B A A A

A A – A A A A X B A A A B A A A

A – – A A/40% A A A A A – A – A A –

A A – A A – A – – – – A – – A –

A A – A A A A C B B/90% B A C A A A2120

A A – A A A A A A A B A C A A A

B A X B A A B X B A B A C A/1500 A A

A A – A A A A B/10% – B B A – A A –

A A – A A A A A/80% B B/80% B A B A A A2120


100

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Potassium Nitrite KNO2Potassium Permanganate(Purple Salt) KMnO4Potassium Phosphate KH2PO4Potassium Silicate K2Sii2O5Potassium Sulfate K2SO4Potassium Sulfide K2S

Potassium Sulfite K2SO32H2O

Propane (LPG) C3H8Propionaldehyde(Propanal) C2H5CHO

Propionic Acid(Methylacetic Acid) CH3CH2CO2H

n-Proply Acetate CH3COO (CH2)2CH3Propyl Alcohol (1-Propanol) CH3CH2CH2OH

n-Propyl Nitrate (NPN) CH3(CH2)2NO3Propylene C3H6Propylene Dichloride CH3CH(CI)CH2CI

Propylene Glycol (Methyl Glycol) C3H6(OH)2Propylene Oxide C3H6O

Pydraul(Phosphate Ester Base Fluid)

Pyranol

Pyridine N(CH)4CH

A A B A A A A B B B B A/700 – – A –

C A X C A A B A/10% B B/30% A B A A A A2120

A A – A A – A X X B/30% B – – – A –

A A – A A – A B B B B – – – A –

A A B A A A A B B A A A B A A A

A A – A A – A X B B B A – A A A

A A – A A – A A X B/50% – A – A A –

A X B B A X A A A A A X A A A –

X – – – A – X A A A A – – – A –

X A – X A A X A X B A B – – A –

X A – X A B X A – A A C – A A –

B A – B A A A A A A A A A A A A

A B – – A B C A X – – – – – A –

X X – X A B A A A A A – – – A –

X X – X A – B X A A B – – – A –

A A A C A A A A A A A A A A A A

– C – X A A X B B A – X – X A –

X B A X A B A – A A A – – – A –

A – – X A – A – – – – – – – A –

X C X X A A X A B A A C X X A A


101

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Pyroligneous Acid(Wood Vinegar)

Pyrrole (Azole)

Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Rosin C20H302Rotenone C23H220

Rubber Latex Emulsions (C5H8)n/H20

Rubber Solvents(Petroleum Distillate) Hydrocarbons

Rum Alcoholic liquor from molasses

Rust Inhibitors

Salad Dressing Fats, oils, water

Sal Ammonian(Ammonium Chloride) NH4CI

Sal Soda (Sodium Carbonate) NaCO3Salicyclic Acid HOC6 H4COOH

Salt Water (Brine) NaCI/H20

Sea Water (Brine)

Sewage

Silicate Esters Si(OR)4Silver Cyanide AgCN

Silver Nitrate AgNO3Skydrol Hydraulic Fluid(Phosphate Ester Base)

C C – C A – A B X A/10% – A – A A –

X X – X A C C – – – – – – – A –

A – – A A – A – X A – – – – A –

A – – C A A – A – A A A – – A –

A A – A A – A – – – – – – – A –

– – – – A – A A – A A – – – A –

X – – C A – X A – A A – – – A –

A A – A A A B – – A A – – – A –

A – – C – B A – – A – A – – A –

A – – – – A A B X A – A – – A –

A – A A A A A X X A A – X – A A

A A – A A B A X A A A – – – A –

B A – B A – B A X B A A – A A –

A A A B A A A B X A A A – A A –

A A A B A A A A C A A A A A A A

A C B B A A A B B A A A – A A –

B X C A A B A – – – – – – – A –

– – – A A – – X A A A A – A A –

B A – A A A A X X A/60% A A A A A A

X A A X A A C A A A A – – – A –


102

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



A A A B A A A C X A A A A A A A

A A B A A A A X A A A – – – A –

C A – C A A X A A A A A A A A A

A – – A A A A – A/40% A/40% B A – A A –

A A B A A A A B C A/20% A A X A A A

A A B A A A A B/50% C B/50% B A C A A A

C A B A A A A B B/20% A/50% B A X A A –

A A B A A A A B – A A A/140% C A A A

– – – – A – – C C B/30% B A – A A –

A A – B A A A B/70% B B B A B A A A2120

A A A A A A A B B/30% A A A A A A A

A – A A A A A A/80% A/60% A/60% A A – A A –2120

A A A A A A A X A A – A C A A A

– A X B A – A – – – – A – A A A

A A – A A – A B/30% – B/10% B A – A A –

B B – B A – A C B B A A – A A –

B A X B A A X X B/50% A/50% B A X A A X

X B X B A A B X X X B X X A A X

Soap Solutions Salt of fatty acid in H2O

Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate) Na2CO3

Sodium Acetate CH3COONa

Sodium Aluminate Na2AL2O4

Sodium Bicarbonate(Baking Soda) NaHCO3

Sodium Bisulfite (Niter Cake) NaHSO4

Sodium Bisulfate NaHSO3

Sodium Borate Na2B4O7

Sodium Bromide NaBr

Sodium Chlorate NaCIO3

Sodium Chloride (Table Salt) NaCI

Sodium Chromate Na2CrO4

Sodium Cyanide NaCN

Sodium Dichromate(Sodium Bichromate) Na2Cr2O7 * 2H2O

Sodium Fluoride NaF

Sodium Hexametaphosphate(Calgon) (NaPO3)

Sodium Hydroxide(Caustic Soda) (Lye) NaOH

Sodium Hypochlorite NaCIO


103

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



B A – C A A A X – B A A/70% B – A –

A A – A – A A B – A A A B A A –

C A B B A A A A/90% A/90% A/90% A A A A A A

A – – X A – A A A A A A – A A –

C A B B A A A X B/10% A B A B A A –

B B B B A B A B/10% A/90% B/10% B B X A A –

B A B B A A A X B/167% B A A – A A –

A A A A A A A A A A B A – A A A

A A A B A A A B/30% B A A A – A A A

A A A A A A A A/30% B A/30% B A A A A A2120 1670

A A A A A – A A/30% X A/30% B A A A A A

A – B – A A A – – A – C – A A A

A A – A A – A A C A/1220 B A B A A A

A – – A A A – – A A A – – – A –

A – – A A A – – X A – – – – A –

A B B B A A A X C A/10% A A – A A –

A B B/15% A A – A X B A/10% B A – A A A

A B B A A A C A C A A A B – A A

B B B B/1580 A A A C C A B A C A A –

A X A C A X – A A A X A A X A –

Sodium Metaphosphate(Kurrol’s Salt) Na(PO3)H

Sodium Metasilicate Na2SiO3Sodium Nitrate (Chile Saltpeter) NaNO3Sodium Nitrite NaN02Sodium Perborate NaBO3Sodium Peroxide(Sodium Dioxide) Na2O2Sodium Phosphate (Tribasic (TSP) Na3PO4Sodium Silicates (Water Glass) Na2O * SiO2Sodium Sulfate(Salt Cake) (Thenardite) Na3SO4

Sodium Sulfide (Pentahydrate) Na2S * 5H2O

Sodium Sulfite Na2SO3Sodium Tetraborate Na2B4O7 10H2O

Sodium Thiosulfate (Antichlor) Na2s2O3Sorgum

Soy Sauce Fermented soya bean/wheat

Stannic Chloride (Tin Chloride) SnCI4Stannous Chloride (Tin Salt) SnCI4

Starch C6H10O5Stearic Acid CH3(CH2)16 CO2H

Stoddard Solvent Petroleum distillate


104

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

yamadapump.com

A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Styrene (Vinylbenzene) C6H5CHCH2Sucrose Solution (Sugar) C12H22O11/H20

Sulfamic Acid H2NSO3H

Sulfite Liquors

Sulfur S

Sulfur Chloride S2CI2Sulfur Dioxide SO2Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6Sulfur Trioxide SO3Sulfuric Acid10% H2SO425% H2SO450% H2SO460% H2SO475% H2SO495% H2SO4Concentrated H2SO4Fuming H2SO2

Sulfurous Acid H2SO3Tall Oil (Liquid Rosin) Rosin acids

Tallow Fat from cattle, sheep

Tannic Acid C76H52O46Tanning Liquors Tannic acid

Tar, Bituminous Mixture of aromatic (Coal Tar) (Pitch) & phenolic hydrocarbons

X X X X A C A A A A A – – A A –

A A A A A A A A A A A – – – A –

B – A A A – – A/10% X X – X – X A –

A C B B A A A – – – A – – – A –

X A A B A A A A A A B A A A A A

C X C X A X A B X B A X – A A –

X B X A A A A A B A/10% A A B A A A

B A A A A B A – – – – – – – A –

C C X C A C A B B B B X – X A –

B A X A A A A X X A A A – A A –C B X B A A A X X B A A – A/1500 A XC B X B A A A X X X A A – A/1500 A XX B X C A A A X X X A A – A/150° A XX C X X A A A X C C A A – A/150° A XX C X X A A A X B A A X – A/1200 A XX C X X A B A X B B A X – A/1200 A –X X X X A – B C X B B – – – A –

B A C X A A A B X B B A X A A A

A X – B A A A X B/2120 B A A – A A –

A – – – A B A A – A – B C – A –

C C A/10% B A A A A A A B A X A A A

A – – B A A – A – A A A X – A –

B X B C A B A A – A A A A – A –


105

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



B B B A A A A A/20% X A A A X A A A

C X – X A – A A X – – – – – A –

C C – X A B A A A A A X – B/1200 A –

A – – A A B B – – – – B – – A –

X – – B A B A C B B – – – – A –

X – – X A B A B – – – – – – A –

X – – X A X A X – – – X – – A –

B B – A A B A – – – – – – – A –

– – – – A X A B – A A X – A A –

X – – X A – – – – – – – – – A –

X X – X A X A X A C A X A A A –

B X – X A C B B A A – A – A A –

A – – – A – A – – – – – – – A –

X C C X A X X – – A – C/1000 A B/700 A A

X X – X A – A A A A A C – – A A

X X – X A B B X X X A B B X A –

X X – X A – C – – – – – – – A –

C X – X A X A X A B B B – B A –

C X C X A X B A A A A X B A A A

– A B X A B A A – – – – – – A –

X – – – A – B A A A A – – – A –

A – – – A A – B – A A A – A A A

Tartaric Acid C4H6O6Terpenes C10 hydrocarbons

Terpineol (Terpilenol) C10H18O

Teritary Butyl Alcohol (CH3)3COH

Teritary Butyl Catechol C9H14O2Teritary Butyl Mercaptan C4H10S

Tetra Bromomethane CBr4Tetrabutyl Titanate Ti(C4H9)

Tetrachloroethylene CI2C = CCI2Tetrachlorodifluoroethane (CI2FC)2Tetrachloroethane(Acetylene Tetrachloride) (CI2HC)2Tetraethyl Lead Pb(C2H5)4Tetraethylene Glycol (TEG) HOCH2 (CH2OCH2)3CH2OH

Tetrahdrofuran (THF) C4H8O

Tetrahydronaphthalene (Tetralin) C10H12Thionyl Chloride SOCI2Thiopene C4H4S

Titanium Tetrachloride TiCI4Toluene (Toluol) C7H8Toluene Diisocyanate CH3C6H3 (NCO)2Toluidine CH3C6 H4NH2

Tomato Pulp & Juice


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IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



Toothpaste

Transmission Fluid (Type A)

Triacetin C3H5 (OCOCH3)3Triallyl Phosphate P(OC3H5)3Triaryl Phosphate (C6H50)3PO

Tributoxyl Ethyl Phosphate (C4H9O)3P(C2H5)

Tributyl Phosphate (TBP) (C4H9)3PO4Tributyl Mercaptan (C4H9)2S

Trichloracetic Acid (TCA) CCI3COOH

Trichlorobenzences C6H3CI3Tricloroethane C2H3CI3Trichloroethylene(Ex-Tri) (Hi-Tri) C2HCI3Trichloropropane CH2CICH CICH2CI

Tricesyl Phosphate(Lindol) (TCP) (CH3C6H4O)3 PO

Triethanol Amine (TEA) C12H25 CH2OH

Trethyl Aluminum (ATE) N(C2H4OH)3Triethyl Amine (CH3CH2)3N

Triethyl Borane (C2h5)3B

Triethylene Glycol (TEG) (CH2OCH2CHOH)2Trimethylene Glycol HO(CH2)3OH

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) CH3C6H2(NO2)3

A A – C A – A – X A A A – – A –

A X B C A C A A A A A – – – A –

A A – B A A X B – – – – – – A –

X A – C A – A – – – – B – A A –

X – – C A – A – – – – – – – A –

X A – X A B B – – – – – – – A –

X C C X A B X A A A – B/1000 – A/1000 A –

X – – X A – A – – – – – – – A –

C C X B A B B X X X B B – B A A

X – – X A – B X A A B – – – A –

X X – X A X B X A A A X – A A A

X X X X A X C X B A/90% A X B A A A1670

X – – X A X B X X A A X – – A –

X A C C A B C – A B A B – X A –

X B X A A A C A A A A A B X A A

X – – X A B B – – – – – – – A –

A – – B A – – – A A A C – A/1200 A –

X – – X A B A – – – – – – – A –

A – – – A – A A – A – A – – A –

A A – – A – A A – A A – – – A –

X X – B A A B – – – – – – – A –


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IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



X A – X A B B – – – – – – – A –

A X B X A X A A A A A X A A A A

C A – C A B X – – – – – A A A –

B A B B A A A B – B/50% – A – A A A

A – – X A A A A A A A A A A A –

X A – X A – – A – – – – – – A –

A – – X A – X – – A – – – – A –

B X – C A – A A – A A A A A A –

A – – C A A – C – A – A – – A –

C A C B A A A C X A A A A A A A

X A – B A – X B A A A B – A A –

X C – X A X A X A A A X – B A –

A A A B A A A A C A A A A A A AA A A B A A A A A A A A A A A A

A X – A A – – A – A A – A – A –

B – – C – B A X – A – – – – A –

B A B A A A A A X A A A B A A –

B A – A A – B B C A B A – A A –

A A A A A A B C X A A A – A A –

– – – A A – A A A B A A B – A –

X X C X A X A A B B A X – A A A

Trioctyl Phosphate (C8H170)3PO

Turpentine C10H16Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine(UDMH) H2NN(CH3)2Urea (Carbamide) CO(NH2)2Urine

Valeric Acid CH3(CH2)COOH

Vanilla Extract (Vanillin) C6H3(CH0) (OCH3)(OH)

Varnish Oil,gum resins, oil of turpentine

Vegetable Juices

Vinegar Dilute acetic acid

Vinyl Acetate CH2C00C HCH2Vinyl Chloride (Chlorethylene) CH2CHCI

WaterDistilled H2OFresh H2O

Waxes Hydrocarbons

Weed Killers

Whiskey Ethanol, esters, acids

White Sulfate Liquor

Wines

Wort, Distillery Sugar solution from malt

Xylene (Xylol) C6H4(CH3)2


108

IDX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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A

M

B

N

C

O

D

P

E

Q

F

R

G

S

H

T

I

U

J

V

K

W-X-Z

L

CHEMICAL INDEX

DE

LRIN

(AC

ETA

L)

BU

NA

N -

NB

R

KY

NA

R -

PV

DF

RY

TO

N

STA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L -

316

SS

HA

ST

ELL

OY

POLY

PRO

PYLE

NE –

PP

G

PT

FE

ALU

MIN

UM

-T

356

CA

ST

IRO

N -

FC

HY

TR

EL

- T

PE

NE

OP

RE

NE

-C

R

PT

FE

VIT

ON

- F

PM

SA

NT

OP

RE

NE

NO

RD

EL

-E

PD

M

CHEMICAL FORMULA



– X – X A C X B B – – – – – A –

C A – C A A A – – A A – – – A –

C A – B A A X C – – – A – A A –

A – – – A – A B B B B – – – A –

B A A B A A A A/10% B A/10% A A B A A A

A – – A A A A X – A – – – – A –

A A X A A A B B/20% X B B A B A A A

Xylidines (Xylidin) (CH3)2C6H3NH2Zeolite Hydrated alkali aluminum silciates

Zinc Acetate Zn(C2H3O)2Zinc Carbonate ZnCO3Zinc Chloride ZnCI2Zinc Hydrosulfite ZnHSO3

Zinc Sulfate ZnSO4


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Acetic Acid Amide AcetamideAcetic Acid Ethenyl Ester Vinyl AcetateAcetic Acid Ethyl Ester Ethyl AcetateAcetic Acid + Methanol Pyroligineous AcidAcetic Acid Methyl Ester Methyl AcetateAcetic Acid Nitrile AcetonitrileAcetic Aldehyde AcetaldehydeAcetic Ester Ethyl AcetateAcetol Alcohol DiacetoneAcetyl Benzene AcetophenoneAcetylene Tetrachloride TetrachloroethaneAcryimide AcetamideAcrylic Acid Propionic AcidAlcohol, 2 Aminoethanol EthanolamineAlum Potash Potassium HydroxideAluminum Hydrate Aluminum HydroxideAmber Acid Maleic AcidAmino Benzene AnilineAminoethane Ethyl Amine2-Amino Ethanol EthanolamineAminomethane Methyl Amine2-Amino 2-Methyl Propanol Butyl AmineAmmonia Liquors Ammonium Hydroxide

WaterAmyl Hydride PentaneAmylurn StarchAnimal Fat ButterAnimal Fat TallowAnt Oil FuranApple Acid Malic AcidAragonite Calcium CarbonateASTM Reference Fuel A Isooctane 100%ASTM Reference Fuel B 70% Isooctane + 30%

TolueneASTM Reference Fuel C 50% Isooctane + 50%

TolueneAzine PyridineAzotic Acid Nitric AcidBaking Soda Sodium BicarbonateBenzene BenzolBenzene Carbonal BenzaldehydeBenzene Carboxylic Acid Benzoic AcidBenzine LigroinBenzoic Acid Chloride Benzoyl ChlorideBenzol BenzeneBenzyl Ether Dibenzyl EtherBiscofite Magnesium ChlorideBitumen AsphaltBituminous/Coal Tar CreosoteBlank Fixe Barium SulfateBleaching Powder Solutions Calcium HypochloriteBlue Copperas Copper SulfateBlue Verdigris Copper AcetateBlue Vitriol Copper SulfateBoletic Acid Fumaric AcidBoehmite Aluminum HydroxideBoracid Acid Boric AcidBromomethane Methyl BromideBrucite Magnesium Hydroxide

Butanoic Acid Butyric AcidButanol Butyl Alcohol2-Butanone Methyl Ethyl KetoneButenal Butyraldehyde1 -Butene Butylene2-Butene Butylenecis-Butenedioic Acid Maleic AcidButhylene n-Butane2-Butoxyethanol Butyl CellosolveButyl Citrate n-Hexane-1Butyl Phthalate Dibutyl PhthalateButylene Glycol 1,3 ButanediolCaliche Liquors Potassium NitrateCarbamide UreaCarbinol MethanolCarbolic Acid PhenolCarbon Bisulfide Carbon DisulfideCarbonyl Diamide UreaCaustic Baryta Barium HydroxideCaustic Lime Calcium HydroxideCaustic Potash Potassium HydroxideCaustic Soda Sodium HydroxideCellosolve Acetate Ethylene Glocol Monoethyl

Ether AcetateCellosolve Butyl Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl

EtherChile Nitrate Sodium NitrateChile Saltpeter Sodium NitrateChinawood Oil Tung OilChlorinated Lime Calcium Hypochlorite2 Chloro-1, 3 Epoxypropane Epichlorohydrin2 Chloro-1, 3-Butadiene Allyl ChlorideChloroazotic Acid Aqua RegiaChlorobenzol ChlorobenzeneChlorobutane Butyl ChlorideChlorodifluoromethane Freon 22Chloroethane Ethyl ChlorideChloroethanoic Acid Chloroacetic Acid2-Chloroethanol Chloroethyl AlcoholChloroethene Vinyl Chloride, MonomerChloroethylene Vinyl ChlorideChloromethane Methyl ChlorideChloronitric Acid Aqua RegiaChloropentafluoroethane R1 15 (see Freons Misc.)Chloropentane Amyl Chloride3-Chloropropene Allyl ChlorideChlorotoluene Benzyl ChlorideChlorotrifluoromethane Freon 13Coal Tar CreosoteCopperas Ferrous SulfateDBT Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP)DEA DiethanolamineDenatured Alcohol (Ethyl Alcohol) Ethanol1,2 Diaminoethane 1,2-Ethylene DiamineDibenzofuran Diphenyl Oxide1,2 Dibromoethane Ethylene DibromideDibromotetrafluoroethane R 114132

(see Freons Misc.)Dibutyl Ether Butyl Ether

CHEMICAL SYNONYMS /ALTERNATE LISTINGSSYNONYM LISTED AS: / ALSO SEE: SYNONYM LISTED AS: / ALSO SEE:


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Dichlorodifluoro Methane Freon 12Dichloromethane Methylene ChlorideDichloro Monofluoromethane Freon 21Dichloropropane Propylene DichlorideDichlorotetrafluoroethane Freon 114Diethyl-2, 2-Dihydroxyamine DiethanolamineDi-2-Ethylhexylphthalate D ioctyl phtha lateDiethyl Sulfate Ethyl SulfateDiethylene Glycol Mono CarbitolEthyl EtherDiethylene Glycol Butyl CarbitolMonobutyl Etherm Digallic Acid Tannic AcidDihydrogen Dioxide Hydrogen PeroxideDihydroxyamine DiethanolamineDihydorxybenzene HydroquinoneDihydroxybutanedioic Acid Tartaric AcidDihydroxydiethyl Ether Diethylene GlycolDihydroxyethane Ethylene GlycolDiisopropyl Ether Isopropyl EtherDimethylbenzene Xylene2.6- Dimethyl 4 Heptane Diisobutyl KetoneDimethyl Ketone AcetoneDimethyl Methane PropaneDimethyle EthaneDioxysuccinic Acid Tartaric AcidDiphenyl Ether Diphenyl OxideDipropyl HexaneDMF Dimethyl FormamideDMP Dimethyl PhthalateDOP Dioctyl PhthalateEMK Methyl Ethyl Ketone1,2- Epoxyethane Ethylene OxideEpoxypropane Propylene OxideEthanal AcetaldehydeEthanediamine Ethylene Diamine1,2- Ethanediol Ethylene GlycolEthaneodionic Acid Oxalic AcidEthanoic Acid Acetic AcidEthanoic Anhydride Acetic AnhydrideEthanol Alcohol, EthylEthanolamine MonoethanolamineEthanonitrile AcetonitrileEthanoyl Chloride Acetyl ChlorideEthene EthyleneEthenyl Benzene StyreneEther Diethyl Ether2- Ethoxy Ethanol Cellosolve2- Ethoxy Ethanol Ethyl Cellosolve2,2- Ethoxy Ethoxy Ethanol CarbitolEthoxy Ethyl Ester Acetic Acid Cellosolve AcetateEthoxyethyl Acetate Cellosolve AcetateEthyl Butanoate Ethyl ButyrateEthyl Chloroacetate Chloroacetic AcidEthyl Ethanoate Ethyl Acetate1- Ethyl-4 Ethyl Benzene Ethyl BenzeneEthyl Ethylene n- ButaneEthyl Methyl Ketone Methyl Ethyl KetoneEthyl Perchlorate Perchloric AcidEthyle AcetyleneEthylene Ethane

Ethylene Bromide Ethylene DibromideEthylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Butyl CellosolveEthylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether Methyl CellosolveEthylene Glocol Monoethyl Cellosolve AcetateEther AcetateEthylene Trichloride TrichloroethyleneEthylic Acid Acetic AcidEthyrene ButadieneETO Ethylene OxideFlaxseed Oil Oil, LinseedFormylamine FormamideFormylic Acid Formic AcidFructose SucroseFurfuran Furan2- Furyl Methanol Furfural AlcoholGalotannic Acid Tannic AcidGlaubers Salt Sodium SulfateGlycerin GlycerolGlycol Ethylene GlycolGlycol Ethylene Ethylene GlycolGlycol Mono Ethyl Ether Ethyl CellosolveGlycolic Acid Hydroxyacetic AcidGlycolic Methyl Chlorophenoxy Hydroxyacetic AcidAcetic AcidGypsum Calcium SulfateHCL Hydrochloric AcidHeptanone Di isobutyl ketoneHexadecanoic Acid Palmetic AcidHexadiene DiisobutyleneHexahydrobenzene CyclohexaneHexamethylene CyclohexaneHexanedioic Acid Adipic AcidHexanol Alcohol Hexyl2- Hexanone Methyl Butyl KetoneHexone Methyl Isobutyl KetoneHi-Tri TrichloroethyleneHydrated Lime Calcium HydroxideHydrocyanic Acid Prussic AcidHydrogluosilicic Acid Fluosilicic AcidHydrogen Chloride Hydrochloric AcidHydrogen Cyanide Hydrocyanic AcidHydrogen Dioxide Hydrogen PeroxideHydrogen Fluoride Hydrofluoric AcidHydrogen Oxide WaterHydroxyacetic Acid Glycolic Acid2-Hydroxy-Benzene Sulfonic Acid Phenol Sulfonic Acid2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Salicylic Acid4-Hydroxy-Methyl-2 Pentone Diacetone Alcohol2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-Propane Citric AcidTricarboxylic AcidHydroxy Propanoic Acid Lactic AcidHydroxysuccinic Acid Malic AcidHydroxy Toluene Alcohol BenzylHypo Photographic Solution Sodium ThiosulfateIodine lodumIPA Alcohol, IsopropylIsobutanol Alcohol, Iso ButylIsooctane ASTM Reference Fuel AIsopropanol Alcohol IsopropylIsopropyl Benzene CumeneIsovalerone Diisobutyl ketone

SYNONYM LISTED AS: / ALSO SEE: SYNONYM LISTED AS: / ALSO SEE:

CHEMICAL SYNONYMS /ALTERNATE LISTINGS


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Ketchup CatsupKetohexamethylene CyclohexanoneKetone IsophoroneLard ButterLard Oil Animal GelatinLevulose SucroseLime Calcium OxideLime Sulfur Calcium SulfideLimewater Calcium CarbonateLineoleic Acid Stearic AcidLPG PropaneLye Sodium HydroxideLye Calcium HydroxideLye Potassium HydroxideMagnesium Sulfate Epsom SaltsMarsh Gas MethaneMazola Oil, CornMEA MonoethanolamineMEK Methyl Ethyl KetoneMethanal FormaldehydeMethanoic Acid Formic AcidMethanol Alcohol MethylMethyl Benzene TolueneMethyl Benzoic Acid Cresylic AcidMethyl Butanol Alcohol AmylMethyl Chloroform TrichloroethaneMethyl Cyanide AcetonitrileMethyl Ether Dimethyl EtherMethyl Isobutyl Carbinol Alcohol Methyl Amyl4-Methyl-2 Pentanone Methyl Isobutyl Ketonem Methyl Phenyl Ketone Acetophenone2-Methyl Propenoic Acid Methyl MethacrylateMethyl EsterMethyl Polysiloxanes Oil Silicone2- Methyl Propanol Alcohol t- ButylMIBK Methyl Isobutyl KetoneMIL-S-313613 type I ASTM Fuel A, IsooctaneMIL-S-313613 type III ASTM Fuel BMIL-H-5606 Red Oil & FHA & J43MIL-J-5624 Jet Fuel JP3, JP4 & JP5Milk Acid Lactic AcidMilk of Lime Calcium Carbonate

(Lime Water)Milk of Magnesia Magnesium HydroxideMonobrometrifluoromethane Freon 13B1

(see Freons Misc.)Monochlorobenzene ChlorobenzeneMonochlorodifluoromethane Freon 22Monochlorotrifluoromethane Freon 13Monochloropentafluoroethane Freon 115

(see Freons Misc.)Monoethylamine EthylamineMonofluorotrichloromethane Freon 11Muriatic Acid Hydrochloric AcidNatural Gas 75–99% Methane,

0.3–18% Nitrogen, 0.2–14% Ethane, 0–26% Carbon Dioxide,0.1–12% HigherHydrocarbons

Neu-Tri Trichloroethylene

Niter Potassium NitrateNiter Sodium NitrateNiter Cake Sodium BisulfateNitrobenzine LigroinNitrobenzol NitrobenzeneNitrochloric Acid Aqua RegiaNitrohydrochloric Acid Aqua RegiaOctadecanoic Acid Stearic AcidOctanoic Acid Caprylic Acid1- Octanol Alcohol OctylOctoic Acid Caprylic AcidOil of Mirbane NitrobenzeneOil of Turpentine TurpentineOil of Bitriol Sulfuric Acid, ConcentratedOleum Surfuric Acid, FumingOrthoboric Acid Boric AcidOrthodichlorobenzene o- DichlorobenzeneOxirane Ethylene OxidePearl Ash Potassium Carbonate

PentachloroethanePentalin Alcohol AmylPentanol Methyl Propyl Ketone2-Pentanone Perchloroethylene TetrachloroethylenePetroleum Ether LigroinPhene BenzenePhenol Carbolic AcidPhenyl Amine AnilinePhenyl Chloride ChlorobenzenePhenyl Ethane Ethyl BenzenePhenyl Ether Diphenyl OxidesPhenyl Ethylene StyrenePhenol Sulfonic Acid Benzene Sulfonic AcidPhosphoric Acid Triphenyl Ester Tricesy PhosphatePhotographic Emulsion Silver NotratePhotographic Hypo Fixing Bath Sodium ThiousulfatePicric Acid TrinitrophenolPimlic Ketone CyclohexanonePotash Potassium CarbonatePotash Caustic Potassium HydroxidePotassium Bichromate Potassium DichromatePotassium Nitrate NiterPropane LPGPropane Dimethyl Methane1,2- Propanediol Propylene GlycolPropanoic Acid 2-Hydroxy Lactic AcidPropanoic Acid Nitrile Acetophenone2- Propanone AcetonePropanol Propyl AlcoholPropene PropylenePropenoic Acid Methyl Ester Methyl AcetatePropenoic Acid Notrile AcrylonitrilePropenyl Alcohol Allyl AlcoholPropionic Acid Acrylic AcidPropionic Acid Ethyl Ester Ethyl AcrylatePropylene Glycol 1,2- PropanediolPrussic Acid Hydrocyanic AcidQuicklime Calcium CarbonateRP1 Jet Fuel JP1Sal Ammonia Ammonium ChlorideSal Ammonian Ammonium ChlorideSalSoda Sodium Carbonate




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Salicylic Acid 2 Hydroxy Benzoic AcidSalt Sodium ChlorideSalt Brine BrineSalt Cake Sodium SulfateSaltpeter Potassium NotrateSaltpeter sodium NotrateSand Acid Fluorosilicic AcidSilicate Ester Oils OS45 type III & IVSilicate of Soda Sodium SilcateSkydrol 500, 500B & 500B4 Isooctyl Diphenyl

Phosphate Hydraulic FluidsSludge Acid SewageSoda Ash Sodium CarbonateSoda, Caustic Sodium HydroxideSoda Niter Aqueous Sodium NitrateSodium Hexametaphosphate CalgonSodium Metaborate Peroxyhydrate Sodium PerborateSodium Niter Sodium NitrateSodium Thiosulfate Developing FluidSoluble Glass Sodium SilicateSoya Oil Oil SoySuccinic Acid Maleic AcidSulfuric Acid Diethyl Ester Ethyl SulfateSulfuric Chlorohydrin Chlorosulfonic AcidSuper Phosphoric Acid 100-115% Phosphoric AcidSynthetic Natrual Rubber LatexTable Salt Sodium ChlorideTannin Tannic AcidTar Camphor NaphthaleneTEA TriethanolamineTetrachloroethylene Perch loroethyleneTetrachloromethane Carbon TetrachlorideTetrafluoromethane Freon 14 (see Freons Misc.)

Tetramethylene Oxide TetrahydrofuranTin (11) Chloride Stannous ChlorideTin Dichloride Stannous ChlorideTin Tetrachloride Stannic ChlorideTitanic Chloride Titanium TetrachlorideTNT TrinitrotolueneTrans-Butenedoic Acid Fumaric AcidTraid TrichloroethyleneTrichlorofluoromethane Freon 113Trichloromethane ChloroformTrifluoromonobromomethane Freon 13131

(see Freons Misc.)3,4,5- Trihydroxy Benzoic Acid Gallic Acid2,2,4- Trimethyl Pentane Isooctane 100%2,2,4- Trimethyl Pentane Diisobutylene2,4,6- Trinitrophenol Picric AcidTurps TurpentineType I Fuel MIL-S-3136 ASTM Reference Fuel AType III Fuel MIL-S-3136 ASTM Reference Fuel BUDMH Unsymetrical Dimethyl

HydrazineVanillin Vanilla ExtractVarsol Mineral OilVinyl Cyanide AcrylonitrileVitriol, Blue Copper SulfateVitriol, Oil of Concentrated Sulfuric AcidWater Glass Sodium SilicateWhale Oil Oil SpermWhite Vitriol Zinc SulfateWood Alchohol Alcohol MethylWood Tar Creosote-Wood TarZeolitic Zeolite




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MANUFACTURER / PRODUCT REFERENCENAME MANUFACTURER PRODUCT

Actron 1 RefrigerantAero Lubriplate Fish Brothers LubricantAerosafe 2300 & 2300W StaufferAeroshell IIAC & 750 Shell Oil Co.Aeroshell 7A &17 Shell Oil Co. GreaseAirshow W Deicing FluidAlk-Tri TrichloroethyleneAmbrex 33 & 830 Mobil Oil Co. Lubricating OilAnderol L-774, 826 & 829 Tenneco Chemicals Diester Base OilANG-25 Texaco Diester Base & Glycerol EsterAnsul Ether 161 & 181 Fire Engineers Inc.AN-0-3 Grade M GAF Corp. E.P. GreaseAN-0-6 GAF Corp. Oil No. 6AN-0-366 GAF Corp. OilArklone P TrichlorotrifluoroethyleneAro-Tox SprayArochlor 1248, 1254 &1260 Monsanto F.R. Chlorinated Hydraulic FluidAskarel Monsanto Chlorinated Transformer OilAstral Oil D.A. Stewart Oil Co. Lubricating OilAtlantic Utro Gear E.P. Lubricant Atlantic Dominion FAurex: 903R Mobil OilBardol B Bardahl Manufacturing Co. Oil Additives Bayol D & 35Blackpoint 77Bonderite Parkerizing Solution Borax Borax Corp. Sodium Tetraborate Bray GG-130 Bray Oil Co.Brayco 7119-R, 885 &910 Bray Oil Co.Bret 710Brom-1 13 &114Bunker C 6000 Second Fluid OilCalgon Sodium HexametaphosphateCellosolves Union Carbide Alcohols CelluguardCellulube Celenese Corp. Phosphate Ester OilsCellulube A60 Celanese Corp. Triaryl Phosphate EsterCellulube 90, 100, 200, 220, Celenese Corp. Phosphate Ester Lubricants300, 500 & 1000Cellutherm 2505A Celanese Corp. Trimethylol Propane EsterChlorextol Allis-Chalmers Transformer Oil ChlordaneChlorox Clorox Co. Sodium HypochloriteChlorowax Diamond Shamrock Liquid Chlorinated ParafinCirco Light Processing Oil Sunmark IndustriesCity Service Kool Motor A.P. Gear OilCity Service Pacemaker No. 2 Glycol FR 15, 20 & 25City Service 65, 120, & 250Convelex 10Coolanol 25 & 45 Monsanto Co. Dielectric Heat Transfer FluidCryoliteCryscoat FH. Rinse, L.T. & S. W. Oakite Products Phosphate CoatingsCryscoat 42, 87, 89 & 89M Oakite Products Phosphate CoatingsDC-200, 500 & 710 Dow Corning Silicone FluidsDelco Brake Fluid General Motors Hydraulic FluidsDextron General Motors Automatic Transmission FluidDiazon InsecticideDow Chemical 50-4, ET588 & ET378 Dow Chemical


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Dow Corning Oil 3, 4 & 11 Dow Corning Corp. Silicone FluidsDow Corning 5, 33, 44, 55, 220, Dow Corning Corp. Silicone Fluids510, 550, 704 & 705 Dow Corning 1265 Dow Corning Corp. Fluorosilicone FluidDow Corning 1208, 4050, 6620, Dow Corning Corp. Chlorinated Silicone FluidF-60 & XF-60Dow Corning F-61 Dow Corning Corp.Dow General Weed Killer Dow Chemical Phenol & Water Base Weed KillerDow Gage Fluid R-200 Pressure Gage FluidDow Per Dow Chemical Co. Dry Cleaning Fluid Dow Purifloc C-31 Dow Chemical Co.Dowanols Dow Chemcial Co. Glycol EthersDowtherm A Dow Chemcial Co. Heat Transfer Fluid 26.5% Diphenyl,

73.5% Diphenyl OxidDowtherm B Dow Chemical Co.Dowtherm E & 209 Dow Chemical Co. Heat Transfer Fluid Dowtherm S.R. I Dow Chemical Co. Heat Transfer Fluid Drinox Morton Chemical Co.DTE 23-26 & 950 Mobil Oil Light, Medium & Heavy Hydraulic OilsDTE Light Oil Mobil Oil Lubricating OilDuco, Paint Thinner Dupont Co. Paint ThinnerElco 28 Detrex Chemical Industries E.P. LubricantEsso Fuel 208 Exxon Corp.Esso Golden Gasoline Exxon Corp. GasolineEsso Transmission Fluid Exxon Corp. Automatic Transmission FluidEsso WS2812 Exxon Corp. MIL-L-7808AEsso XP90 Exxon Corp. E.P. LubricantEsso Turbo Oil Exxon Corp. Turbine Oil Esstic 42 & 43Ex-Tri Exxon Corp. Ethylene TrichlorideExxon 2380 Turbo Oil Dow Corning Turbine Oil F-60 & 61FC-43 HeptacosoflourotributylamineFC75 3M Co. FluorocarbonFluorolube Hooker Chemical Co.Freon E.I. Du Pont Co. Fluorocarbon RefrigerantsFyrquel 90, 100, 150, 220, 300, Stauffer Chemical F.R. Hydraulic Fluids500, 550 & A60Genesolve D Allied Signal TrichlorotrifluoroethaneGenesolve 2000 Allied Signal Solvent HCFC 141 BGenklene Icl Chlorinated (1,1,1-Trichloroethane)Girling Brake Fluid Lucas Service Brake FluidGulf Endurance Oils Gulf Refining Lubricating OilGulf FR Fluids Gulf Refining F.R. FluidsGulf FR G-Fluids G1 00, 150, 200 & 250 Gulf Refining F.R. FluidsGulf FIR P-Fluids P37, 40, 43, 45 & 47 Gulf Refining FR. FluidsGulf Harmony Oils Gulf Refining OilsGulf High temperature Grease Gulf Refining H.T. GreaseGulf Legion Oils Gulf Refining OilsGulf Paramont Oils Gulf Refining OilsGulf Security Oils Gulf Refining OilsGulfcrown Grease Gulf Refining GreaseHannifin Lube A Parker HannifinHi-Lo MS No. 1Hi-Tri Ethylene TrichlorideHollingshead H-2 E.F. Houghton & Co. Water & Ethylene GlycolHoughto-Safe 271 & 600 E.F. Houghton & Co. MIL-H-27072 Water & Glycol BaseHoughto-Safe 271 & 600 E.F. Houghton & Co. Water & Glycol Based MIL-H-27072Houghto-Safe 416 & 500 E.F. Houghton & Co.Houghto-Safe 1010, 1055 & 1120 E.F. Houghton & Co. MIL-H-19547 Phosphate Ester Base

NAME MANUFACTURER PRODUCT

MANUFACTURER / PRODUCT REFERENCE


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Houghto-Safe 5040 E.F. Houghton & Co. Water & Oil EmulsionHoughto-Safe 5040 E.F. Houghton & Co. Petroleum BaseHydro-Drive MIH50 & MIH10 E.F. Houghton & Go. Petroleum BaseHydrolube Water & Ethylene GlycolHypoid Lubes Hypoid Gear E.P Lubes Hy Kil No. 6Hyjet Chevron Phosphate EsterIgepal Gaf Surfactant Irus 902Isopar G Exxon Corp. SolventKaro CPC International SyrupKel-F Liquids 3M Co. Fluorocarbon LiquidsKester No. 1544 Soldering FluxKeystone No. 87HX United Refining Co. GreaseKlenzade SanitizerLestoil Lestol DetergentLehigh X1 169 & X1 170 LehighLindoil Phosphate Ester Hydraulic FluidLindol Stauffer Chemical Co. FR. PlasticizerLiqui-Moly Lockney Co. Oils & GreasesLubrite Parkerizing Solution LudoxLysol National Laboratories Cleanser Master KillMazola Corn OilMCS 312, 352 & 463 Monsanto Jet LubricantMIL-L-210413 Motor Oil SAE 10WMIL-L-7808 Exxon P15A Diester No. 15 Turbine OilMIL-S-3136B Type I ASTM Reference Fuel AMIL-S-313613 Type 11 ASTM Reference Fuel BMIL-H-5606 High Energy Fuel A & J-43Mil-J-5624F JP4 & JPS Jet FuelMIL-L-7808C Dibasic EsterMIL-L-7808E Braco 880DMIL-L-7808E Stauffer Jet IMIL-L-7808G Ester Blend OilMIL-C-8188C Diester FluidMIL-H-844613 MLO-8515 Silicone FluidMIL-L-1410713 Silicate Ester OilMIL-L-17672B Turbine OilMIL-L-11945713 F.R. Fluid, Phosphate EsterMIL-L-23699 Neopentyl Ester OilMIL-G-25013D Silicone GreaseMIL-F-25558 RJ1 Ram Jet Fuel Petroleum BasedMIL-F-2555813 R.11 Ram Jet Fuel Petroleum BasedMIL-F-25576C RP1 Rocket Fuel Petroleum BasedMIL-F-25656 JP6 Jet FuelMIL-L-46000A Diester OilMIL-S-81087A Chlorinated Phenyl Silicone FluidMineguard FIR F.R. Hydraulic FluidMLO-7277 & MLO-7557 Hydraulic FluidMLO-8200 Silicone FluidMLO-8515 MIL-H-8446B Silicone FluidMobil Delvac 1100, 1110, 1120, 1130 Mobil Co.Mobil HF Mobil Co. Mobil Nyvac 20 & 30 Mobil Co. Mobil Therm 600 Mobil Co. Mobil Velocite C Mobil Co. Mobil XRM 206A Mobil Co.




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Mobil24DTE Mobil Co.Mobilgas WA200 ATF Mobil Co. Automatic Transmission FluidMobiloil SAE20 Mobil Co. SAE 20W OilMobiluxMopar Chrysler Corp. Hydraulic FluidNavee Deicing FluidNitrana 2 & 3Noryl General Electric Co. ThermoplasticOakite Solutions Oakite Product Fluids (Cleaners/Strippers Typ.)Oronite 8200 Chevron Chemical Disiloxane Hydraulic FluidOronite 8515 Chevron Chemical Hydraulic Fluid 85% Disiloxane,

15% DiesterOS45 & OS70 Monsanto Silicate Ester BasePar-Al-Ketone (Paralketone) Black Bear Co. & Emco Chemical Co.Paraplex G62 Rohm & Haas Co.Parapoid 10-C Exxon Chemical Co. Hypoid Gear OilParker O-Lube Parker Hannifin GreaseParker Super O-Lube Parker Hannifin Silicone GreasePenda Oil Dibasic Ester OilPerclene PerchloroethylenePerklone PerchloroethylenePermachlor Degreasing SolutionPolyol Ester Hydraulic FluidPrestone Union Carbide AntifreezePRL Rohm & Haas Co. High Temperature Hydraulic OilPRL & PRL3161 Rohm & Haas Co. High Temperature OilPydraul 29E-LT, 30E, 50E, 65E & 90E Monsanto Phosphate Ester OilsPydraul 115 Monsanto Phosphate Ester OilsPydraul 230C, 300, 312, 540C & MC Monsanto Phosphate Ester OilsPydraul F9 & 150 Monsanto Aryl Phosphate Ester Hydraulic FluidPyranol General Electric Chlorinated Transformer OilPyrex Corning Glass Works High Temp. & Low Expansion GlassPyroguard Mobil Oil F.R. OilsPyrolube Kano Laboratories High Temperature LubesRed Line 100 Union Oil Co. Of California OilRichfield A & B Richfield Oil Co. Weed KillerRJ-1 (MIL-F-25558) Ram Jet Fuel Petroleum-BasedRP-1 (MIL-F-25576A) Rocket Fuel Petroleum-BasedSanitizer 160 Monsanto F.R. AdditiveSantosafe 300 MonsantoSeparan NP-10 Dow Chemical FlocculantSF 96, SF 1147, SF 1153, SF 1154 General Electric Silicone FluidShell Alvania Grease No. 2 Shell Oil Co. GreaseShell Camea 19 & 29 Shell Oil Co.Shell DD Shell Oil Co.Shell Diala Shell Oil Co.Shell Irus 902 & 905 Shell Oil Co. F.R. Hydraulic FluidShell LO Hydrax 27 & 29 Shell Oil Co.Shell Macome 72 Shell Oil Co.Shell Tellus 22 & 23 Shell Oil Co. F.R. Hydraulic Fluid Petro. BasedShell Turbine Oil 307 Shell Oil Co. Turbine OilShell LIMF Shell Oil Co.Shell 3XF Mine Fluid Shell Oil Co. FR. Hydraulic FluidSkelly Solvent B, C & E Getty Refining SolventSkydrol 500, 500B & 500134 Monsanto Isooctyl Diphenyl Phosphate Hyd. FluidSkydrol 7000 Monsanto Hydraulic FluidSkydrol LD-4 MonsantoSocony Mobil Type A Mobil Oil Co. Transmission Fluid




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Socony Vacuum AMV AC781 Mobil Oil GreaseSocony PD959B Mobil Oil Solvasol 1, 2, 3, 73 & 74Spry ShorteningStandard Oil Mobilube GX90-EP Mobil Oil Gear LubeStauffer 7700 Stauffer Chemical Co.Sunoco All Purpose Grease Sunmark Industries A.P GreaseSunoco SAE 10 Sunmark IndustriesSunoco 3661 Sunmark IndustriesSunoco XS-820 Sunmark Industries E.P. LubricantSunsafe Sun Refining F.R. Hydraulic FluidSupershell Gas Shell Oil Co. GasolineSwan Finch E.P Lube Swan Finch E.F LubricantSwan Finch Hypoid 90 Swan Finch Hypoid Gear E.P. LubricantTellus Shell Oil Co. F.R. Hydraulic FluidTexaco Capell A & AA TexacoTexaco Meropa 220 No Lead Texaco GasolineTexaco Regal B TexacoTexaco Uni-Temp Grease Texaco GreaseTexaco 3450 Texaco Rear Axel OilTexamatic A Texaco Automatic Transmission FluidTexamatic 1581, 3401, 3525 & 3528 Texaco Transmission Fluid Texas 1500 OilTherminol 44, 45, 60, 66 & VP-1 H.D. Concentrate Thiokol TP-90B & TP-95Tidewater Multigear 140 E.P LubricantTidewater Oil, Beedol OilTriad TrichloroethyleneTriklone TrichloroethyleneTurbine Oil No. 15 Exxon Corp. Turbo Oil 15Ucon Hydrolube J-4 Union CarbideUcon Lubricant 135, 285, 300X, Union Carbide625 & 1145Ucon Lubricant 50-HB55, H13100, Union CarbideH13260, HB660Ucon Oil LB65, LB385 & 40OX Union CarbideUcon Oil 50-HB28OX Union Carbide Polyacrylon Glycol DerivativeUnivis 40 Hydraulic Fluid Exxon Corp. Hydraulic FluidUnivis J43 Exxon Corp. MIL-H-5606 F.R. OilUnivolt No. 35 Exxon Corp. Mineral Oil, Transformer OilVarsol Mineral Spirits SolventVasoline Chesebrough-Ponds, Inc. Petroleum JellyVersilube F44, F50 & F55 General Electric Silicone Hydraulic FluidVV-H-910 Glycol Brake FluidVythene 1,1,1-Trichloroethane SolventWagner 21 B Wagner Div. McGraw Edison Brake FluidWemco C Tranformer Oil




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One of the more difficult task in selecting a pumpfor long, trouble free service is the proper choice ofboth wetted and non-wetted pump components.Pump components wear, and the trick is to get thelongest life from the wearing parts. Knowing howto handle abrasive, and non-lubricating fluids, withadditional thought given to handling corrosives,will lead to proper wetted materials selection.

When selecting a pump for corrosive service mostuse chemical compatibility charts and graphs forselecting and recommending pump materials ofconstruction. These charts; at best, are meant asever so general guidelines. Practical experience,and past history will dictate the use of certainmaterials with various fluids.

On slightly aggressive fluids it may be more advan-tages from a service life/dollar view point to use amaterial which; while not the preferred material,has been determined capable of offering satisfac-tory results. When discussing diaphragm pumps,Teflon; for example, while the preferred materialwhen handling Amyl-Alcohol, has a lower flex liferating than neoprene which has a “B” vs. “A”chemical compatibility rating but, offers the higherflex life of the two. The “B” rating indicates theneoprene will perform, however; shortened flex lifewill be a result. When comparing the two materialsTeflon vs. Neoprene, on this application the neo-prene may not reach its mean flex life, however;should the obtained flex life be all that of Teflon, itwould be considered the wiser choice. When less-er rated materials offer the same life expectancy asthe preferred materials, they may be the viablealternative for the investment, as with the case ofAmyl-Alcohol where the replacement price ofTeflon is quadruple that of the neoprene.

When discussing pump components which seecorrosive fluids at high velocities erosion will occurfaster than the lower velocity areas of a pump.Erosion is accelerated by corrosion. When facedwith choosing a “B” rated material versus an “A”rated material the affects of erosion as related tospecific pump components should be considered.

A common misconception when handling abra-sives, and solids in suspension is their sharpness;ability to cut. When selecting diaphragms andvalve balls for a diaphragm pump sharp particulatewill have a tendency to cut a Teflon diaphragm andembed in a Teflon valve ball. Should the diaphragm

pump incorporate metallic valve seats the Teflonvalve ball with embedded solids will acceleratevalve seat wear. Elastomeric balls and sets beingresilient will permit sharp particulate to “bounce” orreflect off their surface. While cutting and embed-ding can occur it will be reduced.

On diaphragm and plunger pumps using ball andvalve seat arrangements the hardness of the balland seat materials will affect their ability to pull avacuum. A hard valve ball checking on a hardmetallic valve seat is noisy and does not offer thesealing ability of hard to soft; Teflon or metal, toelastomeric combination.

The application itself will dictate the choice ofmaterials on occasion. Should high static lifts andvacuums be experienced the chances of cavitationexist. A progressive cavity pump when addressedwith cavitation will result in pitting and removal ofmaterial from the elastomeric stator. Operated dryfor a short period of time the rotor, stator combina-tion will be completely destroyed. The same is truewith coatings and linings of pump components.When encountering the implosions created duringcavitation expensive coatings are cratered and lin-ings a pulled from their base.

A statement commonly made in the positive dis-placement pump circle is “oversize, operate slow-er”. While there is some merit to the verbiage, itmust be made with a degree of knowledge of theapplication and the equipment. There is no doubt alarger pump operating at lower speeds; providing itmeets all the application criteria, will out service asmaller pump running faster. Recognizing the com-petitive marketplace both user and manufacturerare faced with, it is not practical, nor financiallybeneficial to merely substitute large for small.However; when the service life versus investmentratio becomes to high, the decision can now bejustified. Unfortunately; faced with the risk of losingbusiness, or exceeding a budget, many of thoserecommending and supplying positive displace-ment pumps recognize only the investment portionof the equation.

These scenarios are typical when selecting materi-als of construction. Decisions should be based ona materials estimated life expectancy, down-time,complexity of repair, and costs; not necessarily inthis order.


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Horsepower Requirements 120

The Gas Laws 121

Compressed Air Quality and Hints on Installation 123

Moisture/Dewpoint 124

Air Pressure Loss 125

Air Line Pipe Sizes 125

Estimating Air Flow Loss Through Pipes 126

Air Friction Loss 60–80lb Gauge 127

Air Friction Loss 100–125lb Gauge 128

Vacuum Flow Through Orifices 129

Air Flow Through Orifices 129

CV Information 130

AIR DATA


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Horsepower Required To Drive an Air-Powered Diaphragm Pump

To determine HP required, consumption in CFM and air inlet pressure must first be known.

Using the example on the 1-1/2" Pump (Rubber Diaphragm) curves, a flow of 60 gpm against a head of75' requires 35 CFM @ 60 psig air supple pressure.

From the following table, HP required is:

AIR SUPPLY HORSEPOWER

PRESSURE PER CFM

20 .071

25 .085

30 .096

35 .108

40 .118

45 .127

50 .136

55 .145

60 .153

65 .161

70 .168

75 .175

80 .182

85 .189

90 .195

95 .201

100 .207

35 CFM x .153/CFM = 5.35 HP required

The above table is good for estimating compressor horsepower requirements for rotary air compressorsin good working condition.

HORSEPOWER REQUIREMENTS


THE GAS LAWSThe first three laws cover conditions where the quantity or mass of air is constant.

BOYLE’S LAW

P1 V1 = P2 V2

The basic law covers the relationship between the changes in pressure and volume when temperatureremains constant. When volume (V2) increases, pressure (P2) would correspondingly decrease.

Variations:

(a) V2 = (b) P2 = (c) Free Air Calculation: Vfa = Vx

CHARLES’ LAW

The basic forms above cover changes in pressure and volume caused by temperature changes. A pres-sure change is calculated for a system where the volume is constant. A volume change is calculatedwhere the pressure remains constant. When volume is constant, a decreasing temperature (T2)corresponds to a decreasing pressure (P2).

Variations:

(a) P2 = (b) V2 = (c) T2 = (d) T2 =

COMBINED GAS LAW

The above basic form combines Charles’ and Boyle’s Laws to cover variation of all variables.

Variations:

(a) P2 = × (b) V2 = × (c) T2 = ×T1

--

P2 V2

P1 V1

T2

P1

P1 V1

T1

T2

V2

P1 V1

T1

V2 (T1)

V1

P2(T1)

P1

V1(T2)

T1

P1(T2)

T1

(P 14.7)

14.7

P1 V1

V2

P1 V1

P2

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= P2 V2

T2

P1 V1

T1

== T1

T2

V1

V2

T1

T2

P1

P2


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NOMENCLATUREP1 = inlet absolute pressure

P2 = discharge absolute pressure

V1 = inlet volume

V2 = discharge volume

T1 = inlet absolute temperature

T2 = discharge absolute temperature

m = mass

FLOW MEASUREMENTSThe volume of air delivered by a compressor or removed by a vacuum pump isgiven in either cubic feet of free air per minute (cfm) or in standard cubic feet ofair per minute (scfm). SCFM is under standard conditions which is used on mostair operated pump curves.

FREE AIRThis is air at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. Free air volume(cfm) is obtained by using the gas laws to convert volume at atmospheric pres-sure and ambient temperature.


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COMPRESSED AIR QUALITY AND HINTS ON INSTALLATION

COMPRESSED AIR QUALITY TO ISO 8573.1The new International Standard for compressed air quality introduces a simplesystem of classification for the three main contaminants present in any com-pressed air system – DIRT, WATER, and OIL.

To specify the quality class required for a particular application, simply list theclass for each contaminant in turn.

For example:

Compressed air to Quality Class: 2.2.2 (Dirt: 1 micron. Water: -40°C PDP. Oil: 0.1mg/m3)

QUALITYDIRT WATER OIL

CLASSParticle Pressure (Includingsize in Dewpoint °C vapor)Micron (ppm. vol.) mg/m3

at 7 bar g

1 0.1 –70 (0.3) 0.01

2 1 –40 (16) 0.1

3 5 –20 (128) 1.0

4 40 + 3 (940) 5

5 – +7 (1240) 25

6 – +10 (1500) –

For general industrial use quality class 3.3.4 is considered acceptable. It is rec-ommended not to use excessively dry air as this causes o-ring/seal problems inair operated pumps, such as dry or cracked o-rings or excessive o-ring/seal ringwear.


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Dewpoint°C °F

-70 -94-68 -90-66 -87-64 -83-62 -80-60 -76-58 -72-56 -69-54 -65-52 -62-50 -58-48 -54-46 -51-44 -47-42 -44-40 -40-38 -36-36 -33-34 -29-32 -26-30 -22-28 -18-26 -15-24 -11-22 -8-20 -4-18 0-16 3-14 7-12 10-10 14-8 18-6 21-4 25-2 280 32

Moisture(g/m3)

0.00020.00030.00040.00060.00080.00100.00130.00170.00220.00280.00360.00460.00590.00740.00930.01170.01640.02040.02540.03130.03860.04730.05790.07060.08580.10390.12550.15130.18170.21760.25980.30950.36780.43580.51520.6022

RelativeHumidity

at 20°C; %

0.0110.0150.0200.0270.0350.0460.0600.0790.1020.1310.168.02150.2730.3460.4370.5490.6870.8561.0621.3161.6241.9962.4452.9863.6354.4125.3366.4397.7439.28611.10312.85615.49818.69222.11626.114

PPMvolume

0.3270.4390.5860.7841.0281.3501.7662.2982.9753.8344.9196.2837.99110.12112.76316.03820.07525.02631.10138.48947.47758.36671.50587.320106.29129.02156.02188.29226.43271.57324.73376.02453.33546.80647.04764.08

PPMweight

0.2030.2720.3640.4870.6380.8381.0961.4261.8472.3803.0533.9004.9606.2827.9229.95412.46115.53319.30423.89029.46936.22744.38254.19965.97180.07996.843116.87140.54168.56201.56233.38281.38339.39401.61474.26

Dewpoint°C °F

2 364 396 428 4610 5012 5414 5716 6018 6420 6822 7224 7526 7928 8230 8632 9034 9336 9738 10040 10442 10844 11146 11548 11850 12252 12654 12956 13358 13660 14062 14464 14766 15168 15470 158

Moisture(g/m3)

0.64150.74560.85740.98371.12601.28671.46681.66911.89462.14772.42962.74313.09193.47893.90804.38214.90595.48356.12066.82047.58978.43469.355610.371111.474512.685314.004715.443217.012018.712420.565822.583924.759627.134929.7035

RelativeHumidity

at 20°C; %

29.93234.78439.99145.87452.50159.98368.36377.76888.243100.000113.083127.619143.779161.693181.531203.420227.576254.168283.454315.562350.791389.397431.381477.555527.576582.300641.727706.285776.400852.074934.1601023.0871118.4271221.8901333.048

PPMvolume

875.891018.041170.621343.051537.361756.832002.752278.932586.672932.323317.223745.224221.504749.965335.825983.086698.327486.898356.769312.1710362.5311516.1112773.6114160.2115666.6617319.8719121.2621085.4223227.2625548.9928079.4230834.8533805.4437048.5640555.66

PPMweight

543.66631.88726.59833.62954.221090.451243.091414.511605.521820.062058.962324.622620.242948.253311.893713.644157.585657.035186.955779.976431.927147.937928.468789.109724.1310750.2611868.3713087.5014416.9215857.9917428.6019138.8720982.6922995.6625172.48

MOISTURE/DEWPOINT8 BAR ABSOLUTE (7 BAR G)


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AIR LINE PIPE SIZESFigures in body of chart are pipe sizes on a 100 PSI air system to carry air at about a 1 PSI per 100 feetpressure loss. When measuring piping distances, to be conservative, count each pipe fitting as equal to 5feet of pipe. At other than 100 PSI, flow capacity will be in inverse proportion to pressure [as based onPSIA (absolute) pressure levels and calculated by Boyle’s Law].

SCFMFLOW

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1-1/41-1/41-1/41-1/21-1/2

222

501/21/23/43/411

1-1/41-1/41-1/21-1/2

222

2-1/22-1/2

751/21/23/411

1-1/41-1/41-1/41-1/21-1/2

222

2-1/22-1/2

1001/23/43/411

1-1/41-1/41-1/21-1/2

222

2-1/22-1/2

3

1501/23/411

1-1/41-1/41-1/21-1/2

222

2-1/22-1/2

33

2001/23/411

1-1/41-1/41-1/2

222

2-1/22-1/2

333

3001/23/41

1-1/41-1/41-1/21-1/2

22

2-1/22-1/22-1/2

33

3-1/2

5003/41

1-1/41-1/41-1/21-1/2

22

2-1/22-1/2

333

3-1/23-1/2

10003/41

1-1/41-1/41-1/2

22

2-1/22-1/2

333

3-1/244

Compr.HP135

7-1/2101520253040506075100125

Length of Run - Feet

CFMFREEAIR102030405060708090

100125150175200250300350400450500

1/2 INCH80 125PSI PSI.45 .301.75 1.153.85 2.556.95 4.5510.5 7.00— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —

3/4 INCH80 125PSI PSI.11 .08.40 .28.90 .601.55 1.052.40 1.603.45 2.354.75 3.156.15 4.107.75 5.159.60 6.3515.5 9.8023.0 14.5— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —

1 INCH80 125PSI PSI.04 .02.15 .08.30 .20.45 .30.75 .50

1.00 .701.35 .901.75 1.202.25 1.502.70 1.804.20 2.805.75 4.008.10 5.4510.9 7.10— —— —— —— —— —— —

1-1/4 INCH80 125PSI PSI— —— —— —— —.18 .12.25 .17.35 .23.45 .30.56 .40.65 .45

1.05 .701.45 1.002.00 1.302.60 1.754.05 2.655.80 3.857.90 5.1510.3 6.75— —— —

1-1/2 INCH80 125PSI PSI— —— —— —— —— —— —.16 .10.20 .14.25 .17.30 .20.45 .32.65 .45.90 .60

1.15 .801.80 1.202.55 1.703.55 2.354.55 3.055.80 3.807.10 4.70

AIR PRESSURE LOSSFigures in this table are approximate PSI compressed air pressure losses for every 100 feet of clean com-mercial steel pipe, Schedule 40.

NOMINAL PIPE DIAMETER


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ESTIMATING AIR FLOW LOSS THROUGH PIPES

To estimate the air pressure loss through a pipe, find the factor from the chart on the preceding pageaccording to the pipe size and SCFM flow. Take the factor and divide it by the ratio of the compression(calculated in absolute pressure values). Compression ratio will be [gauge pressure + 14.5] ÷ 14.5 PSI.Then multiply this number by actual length of pipe, in feet, then divide by 1000. This will give pressure lossin PSI.

PRESSURE LOSS THROUGH FITTINGSFigure in the body of this chart are air pressure flow losses through screw fittings expressed in equiva-lent lengths of straight pipe of the same diameter. For example, on a 1" gate valve the flow resistancewould be the same as 0.57 foot of straight 1" pipe.

* Or on run of standard tee**Or on run of tee reduced in size 25%***Or on run of standard tee reduced in size 50%

FRICTION OF AIR IN HOSEPressure drop per 25 feet. In proportion for longer or shorter lengths


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AIR FRICTION LOSS 60–80 LB GAUGELoss of pressure in lbs. per sq. in. inch 1000 ft. lengths of pipe.

(60 lbs. gauge)

1020304050607080901001251501752002503003504004505006007008009001000

1.963.945.897.869.8411.8113.7515.7217.6519.6024.6029.4534.4439.4049.2058.9068.878.888.498.4118.1137.5157.2176.5196.0

10.039.789.7……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1.535.99

13.8524.738.655.575.899.0…………………………………………………………………………………………

.431.713.866.8510.715.421.027.434.742.867.096.4……………………………………………………………………

.10

.39

.881.592.483.584.876.378.059.9515.722.430.839.762.889.3………………………………………………

…….18.40.71

1.101.572.152.823.574.406.909.90

13.4017.6027.539.654.079.489.1………………………………

……………….19.30.43.57.75.95

1.181.832.643.644.717.37

10.5514.418.623.729.742.357.875.295.5……

……………………………….22.29.37.46.71

1.021.401.832.854.115.607.309.2011.416.422.329.239.045.7

…………………………………………………….14.32.43.57.89

1.301.702.302.903.605.177.009.1611.614.3

………………………………………………………….15.20.27.42.60.82

1.061.351.672.403.274.265.406.65

………………………………………………………………………….21.31.42.53.70.85

1.221.672.182.763.40

…………………………………………………………………………………….23.30.38.46.67.911.201.511.87

Cu.

Ft.

of F

ree

Air

per

Min

ute

Eq

uiva

lent

Cu.

Ft.

of C

omp

ress

ed A

irp

er M

inut

e Nominal Diameter in Inches

1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2

1020304050607080901001251501752002503003504004505006007008009001000

1.553.104.656.207.749.2910.8212.4013.9515.519.423.227.231.038.746.554.262.069.777.492.9108.2124.0139.5155.0

7.9031.470.8……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1.214.7210.919.530.543.859.878.2…………………………………………………………………………………………

.311.353.055.408.45

12.1616.621.627.433.846.276.2……………………………………………………………………

…….31.69

1.251.962.823.845.036.357.8512.417.724.831.449.070.696.0…………………………………………

………….31.56.87

1.241.702.222.823.475.457.8210.613.921.731.242.555.570.286.7…………………………

………………………….34.45.59.75.93

1.442.082.873.725.828.3511.414.718.723.333.445.759.375.593.2

……………………………………………….36.56.81

1.101.442.253.244.425.767.259.0

12.917.623.129.236.1

…………………………………………………………………….45.70

1.031.391.822.292.844.085.527.159.1711.3

………………………………………………………………………….33.47.65.84

1.061.321.892.583.364.265.27

…………………………………………………………………………………….33.42.55.67.96

1.321.722.182.68

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….30.53.72.951.191.48

Cu.

Ft.

of F

ree

Air

per

Min

ute

Eq

uiva

lent

Cu.

Ft.

of C

omp

ress

ed A

irp

er M

inut


1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2

(80 lbs. gauge)


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AIR FRICTION LOSS 100–125 LB GAUGELoss of pressure in lbs. per sq. inch in 1000 ft. lengths of pipe.

(100 lbs. gauge)

1020304050607080901001251501752002503003504004505006007008009001000

1.282.563.845.126.417.688.9610.2411.5212.8115.8219.2322.4025.6231.6438.4444.8051.2457.6563.2876.8889.60102.5115.3126.6

6.5025.958.5……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

.993.909.0116.025.136.249.364.582.8……………………………………………………………………………………

.281.112.514.456.9610.013.717.822.627.948.662.8……………………………………………………………………

…….25.57

1.031.612.323.164.145.236.4710.214.619.825.940.458.2………………………………………………

…….11.26.46.71

1.021.401.832.322.864.496.438.7211.417.925.835.145.858.071.6…………………………

…………………….19.28.37.49.62.77

1.191.722.363.064.786.859.3612.115.419.227.637.749.062.376.9

…………………………………….19.24.30.46.66.91

1.191.852.673.644.755.987.4210.714.519.024.129.8

………………………………………………………….21.28.37.58.84

1.141.501.892.343.364.555.897.69.3

…………………………………………………………………….17.27.39.53.69.88

1.091.562.132.773.514.35

……………………………………………………………………………….20.27.35.46.55.79

1.091.421.802.21

………………………………………………………………………………………….19.25.30.44.59.78.991.22

Cu.

Ft.

of F

ree

Air

per

Min

ute

Eq

uiva

lent

Cu.

Ft.

of C

omp

ress

ed A

irp

er M

inut


1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2

1020304050607080901001251501752002503003504004505006007008009001000

1.052.113.164.215.266.327.388.429.4710.5013.1515.7918.4121.0526.3031.6036.8042.1047.3052.6063.2073.8084.2094.70105.1

5.3521.348.0……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

.823.217.4213.220.629.740.553.068.0……………………………………………………………………………………

.23

.922.073.675.728.2511.214.718.622.939.951.6……………………………………………………………………

…….21.47.85

1.331.862.613.414.305.328.4

12.016.321.333.247.3………………………………………………

………….21.38.59.84

1.151.511.912.363.705.307.29.4

14.721.228.837.647.758.8…………………………

………………………….23.31.40.51.63.98

1.411.952.523.945.627.7

10.012.715.722.630.040.251.263.2

………………………………………….20.25.38.55.75.98

1.532.203.003.914.926.108.8

11.915.619.824.5

………………………………………………………….17.24.31.48.70.94

1.231.551.932.763.744.856.27.7

………………………………………………………………………….22.32.44.57.72.89

1.281.752.282.893.57

…………………………………………………………………………………….22.28.37.46.64.89

1.171.481.82

……………………………………………………………………………………………….20.25.36.49.64.811.00

Cu.

Ft.

of F

ree

Air

per

Min

ute

Eq

uiva

lent

Cu.

Ft.

of C

omp

ress

ed A

irp

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inut


1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2

(125 lbs. gauge)


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AIR FLOW THROUGH ORIFICESFigures in this chart show theoretical SCFM air flow through sharp edged orifices. In practice, only about2/3rds of this flow is obtained. The chart may be useful for roughly estimating travel speed of a loaded aircylinder. Assume about 75% of the line PSI is actually working on the load, with the remaining 25% con-sumed in flow losses in the 4-way valve and connecting lines. calculate 75% of your incoming line PSIand use this figure to enter the first column in this chart. Move across the table to the column headed bythe actual port size of the 4-way valve in the circuit. Use about half the flow shown, because a 4-wayvalve is not a sharp edged orifice, and will usually pass only about half as much air as a sharp edged ori-fice.

After finding the SCFM (free air) flow, convert this to CFM (compressed air flow) at the pressure requiredto move the load. From this the speed of travel of the air cylinder can be estimated.

Chart shows approximate SCFM (free air) flow through sharp edged orifices.

VACUUM FLOW THROUGH ORIFICESThis chart approximates the flow that might be expected through a practical orifice. Flows are about2/3rds the theoretical flow obtained through a sharp edged orifice. At best, these figures are only approx-imate because the flow characteristic of your orifice can only be determined by actual measurementunder specified conditions.

DESIGN NOTE: This chart shows that multiple-hole grippers work more efficiently at reasonably highvacuums. For example, looking at the chart for a 1/4" diameter hole, the first 6" Hg of vacuum flows 8.25SCFM, while the increase in flow over the last 6", from 18" to 24", is only 2.2 SCFM. The more efficientdesign would be to use more smaller holes working at a higher vacuum.

Figures in body of chart are air flows in SCFM (standard cubic feet/minute)

PSIAcrossOrifice

567912152025303540455060708090100110120130

1/64

.062

.068

.073

.083

.095

.105

.123

.140

.158

.176

.194

.211

.229

.264

.300

.335

.370

.406

.441

.476

.494

1/32

.249

.272

.293

.331

.379

.420

.491

.562

.633

.703

.774

.845

.9161.061.201.341.481.621.761.911.98

1/16

.9931.091.171.321.521.681.962.252.532.843.103.383.664.234.795.365.926.497.057.627.90

1/8

3.974.344.685.306.076.727.868.9810.111.312.413.514.716.919.221.423.726.028.230.531.6

1/4

15.917.418.721.224.326.931.435.940.545.049.654.158.667.676.785.794.8104113122126

3/8

35.739.142.247.754.660.570.780.991.1101112122132152173193213234254274284

1/2

63.569.575.084.797.0108126144162180198216235271307343379415452488506

5/8

99.3109117132152168196225253281310338366423479536592649705762790

3/4

143156168191218242283323365405446487528609690771853934101610971138

7/8

195213230260297329385440496551607662718828939

105011611272138314941549

1

254278300339388430503575648720793865937

10821227137115161661180619512023

Orifice Diameter, in Inches

OrificeDiam.,Inches

1/641/321/161/81/43/81/25/83/47/81

2"

.018

.074

.3001.204.7810.819.130.043.058.876.5

4"

.026

.100

.4201.686.7415.227.042.260.682.6108

6"

.032

.128

.5172.068.2518.533.051.774.0101131

8"

.037

.148

.5952.379.5221.438.559.585.3116152

10"

.041

.165

.6602.6410.623.842.366.295.2130169

12"

.045

.180

.7252.8911.626.046.372.6104142185

14"

.048

.195

.7803.1212.428.050.078.0112153200

18"

.055

.220

.8803.5314.031.856.588.0127173225

24"

.063

.2501.004.0416.236.464.6101145198258

Degree of Vacuum Across Orifice, Inches Mercury ("Hg)


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CV INFORMATION

The value flow co-efficient (CV) is defined as the number of gallons per minute ofroom temperature water which will flow through a valve with a pressure drop of 1PSI across the valve.

When dealing with compressed gases, the volume which will flow through anygiven valve will be much greater than that of water because of the much lowerviscosity and much lower specific gravity of that compressed gas when com-pared to water.

It is important to pay attention to the CV factor on air preparation equipment andvalves in the air supply system because if the CV rating is too low for the pump,the pump will be starved for air and not function properly.

As a rule of thumb, 1 CV = 23 SCFM.

If a pump requires 105 SCFM to operate 105/23 = 4.57 CV. You would need an airline valve with a minimum CV of 4-57.

The formula for calculating a CV factor is:

CV =

Q = SCFM

P2 = Pressure at pump air inlet

³P = P-P2

P = Main line pressure

1.024 × Q

P (P2 - 14.7)


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PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

Diaphragm Pump Fundamentals 132

Check Valve Types 132

Pulsation Dampeners 134

Pulsation Dampeners–Manual 135

Pulsation Dampeners–Automatic 136

Air Pressure Regulators 137


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BALL TYPE CHECK VALVE

• This is the most common type of check valve,made from a wide variety of material includingsuch materials as all common elastomers, teflonand stainless steel

• Good for high viscosity materials• Good for high concentrations of solids but limited

on solids size• Available in almost all size pumps

There are two diaphragms fixed to the center rod,one at each end. When compressed air is suppliedto air chamber B (right side, see Fig. 1.1), the cen-ter rod moves to the right, the material in liquidchamber B is pushed out, and at the same materi-al is drawn into liquid chamber A. When the centerrod is moved full-stroke to the right, the air switchvalve is switched, compressed air is sent to airchamber A (left side, see Fig. 1.2), and the centerrod moves to the left. The material in liquid cham-ber A is pushed out, and at the same time material

is drawn into liquid chamber B. The reciprocatingmotion of the diaphragms along with the action ofthe check valves placed at the inlet and outlet ofeach liquid chamber enable the pump to move liq-uid in a continuous flow.

There are virtually no diaphragm pumps made thatdo not use check valves to direct the flow of liquidthrough the pump. There are several commontypes of check valves, each with it’s own uniquedesign for a specific type of application.

CHECK VALVE TYPES

DIAPHRAGM PUMP FUNDAMENTALS


FLAT (DISC) TYPE CHECK VALVE

• Up to 15% increase in volume when compared to balltype check valve

• High suction lift capability• Will not handle solids or high viscosity materials• Available in teflon or stainless steel only

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133yamadapump.com

ACCORDION TYPE CHECK VALVE

• Constructed of Buna N, Neoprene and EPDM• Good for high inlet pressure where check ball float is a

problem due to excessive inlet pressure or extremely lowdischarge pressure

• Will allow the pump to be mounted in a laying down posi-tion

• Not good with solids• Available in 1" and larger pumps

FLAPPER TYPE CHECK VALVE

• Constructed of stainless steel, sometimes incombination with an elastomeric material

• Good for pumping large/high concentrations ofsolids and high viscosity materials

• Poor suction lift• Usually available in 2" and 3" pumps• Often found with top suction/ bottom discharge

DUCKBILL TYPE CHECK VALVE

• Usually constructed of Buna N or Neoprene• Good for solids, long fibers and high viscosity• Usually available in smaller size pumps• Can be top suction, bottom discharge or vice versa


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PULSATION DAMPENERSManual vs. Automatic Type

ManualThis model is designed for use on constant pressure systems and allows the userto fine-tune the dampener by adjusting the air pressure into the unit manually.For proper system dampening regulation, the supply air pressure requires a10–20% lower differential pressure than the system liquid pressure going into thedampener. The self-relieving regulator will maintain approximately 90% of thesystem liquid pressure.

AutomaticThis model is designed for varying system pressures, for example, a filter pressapplication where the pressure continuously builds and than reverts back to theoriginal pressure. A constant air supply is required to automatically compensatefor additional higher pressures when required. The air supply pressure must behigher than the maximum system liquid pressure for the automatic dampener tooperate within the liquid systems range.


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Compressed gas is used to charge thetop of the dampener at a predeterminedpressure (usually 80% to 90% of liquidpressure) as pumped liquid flows, ittakes the line of least resistance andenters the dampener.

As liquid fills the dampener, the bladdercompresses the gas to equal maximumliquid pressure. At the point of pumpshift, liquid pressure drops below com-pressed gas pressure.

With liquid pressure now less than gaspressure the bladder is forced downdischarging accumulated liquid backinto the pipeline filling the void createdduring pump shift. The result is a contin-uous surge free flow of liquid.

PULSATION DAMPENERS–MANUAL


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PULSATION DAMPENERS–AUTOMATIC

When pulsations occur with the pumpoperation, it will result in the pressure inChamber B being greater than that inChamber A. The diaphragm will act as anair cushion and automatically adjust tothis pressure change and absorb the pul-sation.

This operation will shift the center rodposition and allow more air into ChamberA through the air inlet, returning thediaphragm to a neutral position.

If liquid pressure decreases, air pressurein Chamber A causes diaphragm to movedownward, shifting shaft location andchanging valve position, releasing excessair pressure in Chamber A which returnsdiaphragm to a neutral position.

This action causes a reduction in surgesand pulsation caused by a diaphragmpump.


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AIR PRESSURE REGULATORS

Regulation of pressure is necessary because at pressures above optimum, rapid wear will take place withlittle or no increase in output. Air pressure that is too low or too high is uneconomical because it results inpoor efficiency.

STANDARD REGULATOR

Pressure regulators have a diaphragm to balancethe output pressure against an adjustable springforce.

The secondary pressure is set by the adjustingscrew loading the setting spring to hold the mainvalve open, allowing flow from the primary pres-sure p1 inlet port to the secondary pressure p2outlet port. Then the pressure in the circuit con-nected to the outlet rises and acts on thediaphragm, creating a lifting force against thespring load.

When consumption starts, p2 will initially drop andthe spring, momentarily stronger than the liftingforce from p2 on the diaphragm, opens the valve.

If the consumption rate drops, p2 will slightly increase, this increases the force on the diaphragm againstthe spring force -- diaphragm and valve will then lift until the spring force is equaled again. The airflowthrough the valve will be reduced until it matches the consumption rate and the output pressure is main-tained.

If the consumption rate increases, p2 will slightly decrease. This decreases the force on the diaphragmagainst the spring force, diaphragm and valve drop until the spring force is equaled again. This increasesthe airflow through the valve to match the consumption rate.

Without air consumption thevalve is closed. If the sec-ondary pressure rises abovethe set value by virtue of:

• re-setting the regulator to alower outlet pressure; or

• an external reverse thrustfrom an actuator,

the diaphragm will lift to openthe relieving seat so thatexcess pressure can be bledoff through the vent hole inthe regulator body.

Do NOT rely on this orifice asan exhaust flow path.


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With very high flow rates the valve is wide open. Thespring is therefore elongated and thus weaker and theequilibrium between p2 on the diaphragm area and thespring occurs at a lower level. This problem can be cor-rected by creating a third chamber with a connection tothe output channel. In this channel the flow velocity ishigh. As explained in section 3, the static pressure isthen low (Bernoulli). As p3 is now at a lower static pres-sure, the balance against the weakened spring at highflow rates is compensated.

The effect can be improved by inserting a tube in theconnection, cut at an angle with the opening orientedtowards the outlet (Fig. D).

There is still a back pressure in the regulator of Fig. C: ifthe inlet pressure p1 increases, a higher force is actingon the bottom of the valve, trying to close it. That meansthat an increasing input pressure decreases the outputpressure and vice versa. A valve having equal surfaceareas for both input and output pressure in both direc-tions can eliminate this. This is realized in the regulatorof Fig. D.

The most important parts are:

Adjusting Spindle

Setting Spring

Relieving Seat

Diaphragm

Flow Compensation Chamber

Flow Compensation Connection Tube

Valve

O-Ring for Pressure Compensation

Valve Spring

O-Ring for Flow Compensation10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1


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Pipe Tightening, Flange Loading,& Discharge Piping Procedures 140

Pump Flange Connections 141

Suction Pipe Installation 142

Discharge Piping 143

Air Supply 144

Other Pump Operation Tips 145

Recommended Installation 146

Troubleshooting Guide 147

Acknowledgements 149

INSTALLATION &TROUBLESHOOTING


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PIPE TIGHTENING, FLANGE LOADING,& DISCHARGE PIPING PROCEDURES

NPT PIPE TIGHTENINGPROCEDURE

1. Make sure pipe threads are clean and free of anyforeign material.

2. Wrap TFE (Teflon) thread tape in the direction ofthe threads. Overlap each wrap by one half thewidth of the tape.

Do not use excessive amounts of Teflon tape. Oneor two wraps are sufficient.

Too many wraps of Teflon tape will effectivelyincrease the O.D. of the threaded area and causethreading problems or even split a fitting.

3. Screw the pipe/fitting into the manifold andtighten by hand. Using a strap wrench further tight-ens the connection an additional one to two treadspast hand tightness. DO NOT OVER TORQUE; asthis may cause damage to the manifold or fitting.

FLANGE LOADINGWhen hard piping a diaphragm pump it is recom-mended that no more than a five foot run of pipebefore using a pipe support. Any longer distancethan this may cause undue stress on the manifoldflanges or other components of the pump.

DISCHARGE PIPING1. A valve should be installed in the liquid dis-charge line. The valve is required for regulation offlow capacity (an air regulator for controlling pumpspeed is a more preferred way of controlling flow)and for inspection and maintenance of the pump.

2. Do not attempt to self-prime when the dischargepipe is filled with liquid (this is impossible if statichead is more than 20 feet (6m) water because thepump may not be able to compress the air fromsuction pipe sufficiently to overcome the large sta-tic volumetric head.) See page 4.

3. A manual or automatic air flow control valveshould be used to control the pump flow andshould be installed between pressure regulatorand pump. Air should be clean, dry and filtered.

Always blow out air line before connection to thepump, to remove dirt or rust. Clean out air filter asneeded.

4. In cold weather operation and if air has highhumidity, the pump may "freeze up" due to mois-ture in air. Install in the air line a drip feed lubricatorfilled with monoethylene glycol antifreeze at mini-mum setting (1-2 drops/15-20 min) may beinstalled to overcome pump icing problems.

5. AIR PRESSURE: should be kept 15 PSI (1 bar)higher than the pump discharge pressure and inany case, it should never drop below 15 PSI (1bar), otherwise erratic pump running or stallingmay occur.

6. AIR FLOW: make sure that flow of compressedair is sufficient, checking that the pressure readingat the pressure regulator gauge never drops belowthe total dynamic head of pump. The air filtershould be cleaned out regularly to avoid pump flowreduction. If you notice the pump not delivering thevolume it should, check the air pressure gauge. If ithas a wide fluctuation in the gauge reading greaterthan 20%, it is likely the pump is being starved forair.

7. EXHAUST MUFFLER: When the muffler isplugged or contaminated with pumpage due to afailed diaphragm, it must be replaced. If it is notreplaced, pump stalling may occur and diaphragmlife may be shortened.


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PUMP FLANGE CONNECTIONSThermoplastics have become popular in theprocess industry due to their chemical resistance,weight savings and cost effectiveness. You canfind pumps, piping, valves and fittings made ofthermoplastics in almost any industrial plant.

The most common plastic materials used forpumps piping and valves are PP (Polypropylene),PVC, CPVC, PVDF (Kynar) and PTFE/PFA/TFE(Teflon).

Care must be taken as to not damage plastic pip-ing and fittings during installation.

A. SELECTION OF MATERIALS• Gasket – full faced elastomeric (durometer "A:scale of 55 to 80, usually 1/8" thick). Must be resis-tant to chemicals flowing through the line.

• Fasteners – bolts, nuts and washers, also resis-tant to the chemical environment. (Threads shouldbe well lubricated.)

• Torque Wrench – a necessity for tightening boltsin a manner that guards against excessive torque.

B. FLANGE ASSEMBLY1. Join the flange to the pipe as outlined in the sol-vent cementing section or in the threading sectiondepending on the joining method desired.

2. Align the flanges and gasket by inserting all ofthe bolts through the matching bolt holes. Propermating of flanges and gaskets is very important fora positive seal.

3. Using a torque wrench, tighten each bolt in agradual sequence as outlined by the flange sketch.For final tightening of all bolts, find the recom-mended torque valve in the chart below.

Pipe Size (IPS)

No. BoltHoles

BoltDiameter

Approx. BoltLength* in.

RecommendedTorque ft./lbs

1/2" 4 1/2" 2-1/2" 10-15

3/4" 4 1/2" 2-1/2" 10-15

1" 4 1/2" 2-1/2" 10-15

1-1/4" 4 1/2" 3" 10-15

1-1/2" 4 1/2" 3" 10-15

2" 4 5/8" 3-1/2" 20-30

2-1/2" 4 5/8" 3" 20-30

3" 4 5/8" 3-1/2" 20-30

4" 8 5/8" 4" 20-30

6" 8 3/4" 4" 33-50

8" 8 7/8" 5" 33-50

CAUTION1. Do not over-torque flange bolts.2. Use the proper bolt tightening sequence.3. Make sure the system is in proper alignment.4. Flanges should not be used to draw piping

assemblies together.5. Flat washers must be under every nut and

bolt head.

RECOMMENDED TORQUE

* Bolt lengths were calculated usingtwo Eslon flanges. Additional acces-sories or different mating surfaceswill alter these number. NOTE:Flange bolt hole pattern meets ANSIB16.5


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SUCTION PIPE INSTALLATION

CORRECT

INCORRECT


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When using a pump to empty a drum or carboy and the suction line is transferredfrom an empty drum to a full drum and there is 20 ft. (6 m) or more of liquid in the dis-charge line, the pump may become air locked due to the presence of air in the suc-tion line and pump liquid chambers.

There are several solutions to this problem:

1. Empty the discharge line.

2. Install a recirculation line from discharge line to suction line.

3. Use the pump only in low head applications.

DISCHARGE PIPING


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AIR SUPPLY

Make sure air supply is adequate to run the pump. The air should be clean and dry.

- Air should be filtered with a 5 micron filter

- Air should be dried to a dew point of -40°F to prevent unwanted pump icing.

When possible, control the pump flow rate by controlling the air supply as opposed tocontrolling the flow rate by using a valve on this pump discharge.

Controlling the air supply is the most efficient way to control an air operated pump sinceit requires less energy to overcome a lower discharge pressure, although a certainamount of discharge pressure is required to prevent the check valve balls from floating.


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2. Do not run a pump with excessive air pressure.This will cause premature diaphragm failure.

3. When running a pump in a system with a longrun of discharge pipe, use a pulsation dampener toovercome water hammer (hydraulic shock). Waterhammer will damage piping, valves, flow meters,pressure gauges and also damage the pumpcheck valves, diaphragms, and even air motors. Apulsation dampener can also act as an expansiontank when pumping liquids with high vapor pres-sure. If a dampener is not used with a high vaporpressure liquid, a pressure relief valve should beused.

Finally, every pump should have a compoundgauge on the pump suction and a pressure gaugeon the pump discharge and air supply. This willallow you to monitor the pump/system when thingsare working properly, and to troubleshoot thepump/system when things are not working properly.

1. Do not run a pump with excessive suction pres-sure. This will lead to premature diaphragm failure,poor pump efficiency and a loud running pump. Agood rule of thumb is to limit the inlet pressure toa maximum of 15% of the discharge pressure.Some of the negative effects of excess suctionpressure can be over come by installation of asuction dampener.

When pumping a hazardous chemical, install thepump above the liquid (suction lift) is at all possi-ble. This way is a diaphragm fails the content ofthe tank will not leak into the environment throughthe air motor. If you must have a flooded suctionwith a hazardous liquid, it is recommended thatyou use a diaphragm monitor in conjunction withan automated valve to secure the system in theevent of a diaphragm failure.

OTHER PUMP OPERATION TIPS


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RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION


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TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

PROBLEMPump will not cycle or pump cyclesthen stops or erratic running

Pump cycles slow

Pump continues to cycle with discharge valve closed

Liquid End Problem– liquid end of pump plugged from pumping slurry– pump operating against closed discharge valve

(dead head) clogged discharge line/filter causingsystem pressure to exceed air pressure

– pump check ball wedged in valve seat– pump check ball guide worn– pump check ball worn– pump check valve improperly installed

Air Motor Problem– air supply turned off– air filter plugged– air exhaust/muffler plugged– icing– air valve seal rings worm or defective– shaft seal o-ring/shaft bearing worn– shuttle valve/sleeve worn– pilot assembly worn or defective– blockage of internal air passageway– defective air motor gasket– shaft seized due to excessive heat

– inadequate air supply– undersized air line– plugged air exhaust/muffler– shaft seal o-ring worn– air valve seal rings worn or contaminated– air valve sleeve worn– plugged liquid end check valve– worn check valve guide– excessive system discharge pressure

– damaged or defective check valve– damaged or defective pilot valves/ pilot valve seat– air leak in suction line– damaged or defective air motor gaskets or o-rings

CAUSE


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– chemical attack (misapplied diaphragm)– excessive liquid inlet pressure– process operating outside diaphragm temperature

range (too hot/too cold)– pump misassembled, incorrect center disks or cen-

ter shaft– excess air pressure– extremely low discharge pressure– over torqued liquid chamber bolts

– pumping slurry with excessive solids content– loose center disk– extremely long run of discharge line

– supply tank empty– closed valve on suction line– plugged suction line– excessive suction lift– air leak on liquid inlet line– bad o-rings on pump suction manifold– defective check valves– defective pilot valves causing short cycling– excessive suction lift (cavitation)

– failed or ruptured diaphragm– loose shaft nut/center disk– bad diaphragm seal o-ring (PTFE diaphragms only)– excessive air line moisture

– failed or ruptured diaphragm– loose shaft nut/center disk– bad diaphragm seal o-ring (PTFE diaphragms only)– air leak on liquid inlet line– bad o-rings on pump suction manifold– excessive suction lift (cavitation)

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

PROBLEM CAUSE

Premature diaphragm failure

Bent or broken center shaft

Pump will cycle but delivers no liquid

Liquid coming out air exhaust

Air in liquid line


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

When compiling the Air-Powered Double Diaphragm Pump Engineering Handbook, we used data from various sources which include:

• Hydraulic Institute Engineering Data Book

• Cameron Hydraulic Data Book, Ingersoll Rand Co.

• Hydraulic Handbook, Fairbanks Morse Pump

• Basic Pneumatics Manual, SMC Pneumatics, Inc.

• Fluid Power Data Book, Hedland Division of Racine Federated, Inc.

• Compressed Air Pocket Guide, Domnick Hunter, Ltd.

• Chemical Resistance Guide, Compass Publications

• Blacoh Fluid Control Data Book


Documents

Yamada APDD Eng Handbk