Year 4 ScienceStates of Matter

States of MatterOur new topic we are going to be learning about in science is ‘States of Matter’

What do you think the States of Matter are?

Three States of MatterThe three states of matter are:

Solids, Liquids & Gases.

Watch the following video to help you understand the different states.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zkgg87h/articles/zsgwwxs

SolidsThe properties of solids include:• Solids stay in one place and can be held.• Solids keep their shape. They do not flow like liquids.• Solids always take up the same amount of space. They do not spread out like gases.• Solids can be cut or shaped.

Even though they can be poured, sugar, salt and flour are all solids. Each particle of salt, for example, keeps the same shape and volume.

Liquids

The properties of liquids include:• Liquids can flow or be poured easily. They are not easy to hold.• Liquids change their shape depending on the container they are in.• Even when liquids change their shape, they always take up the same amount of space. Their volume stays the same.

Gases

The properties of gases include:

• Gases are often invisible.• Gases do not have a fixed shape. They spread out and change their shape and volume to fill up whatever container they are in.• Gases can be squashed.

Can you find any examples of solids, liquids or gases in your household or garden etc?

Activity 1- Solids and liquids sorting activity.

Cut out or write down the properties and match them to the correct state.

Everything is made of particles.

Watch the following video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuP5FmFcPmY

Solids, Liquids & Gases

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/zpbvr82

Activity 2-Worksheet

Complete the worksheet. If there are any questions you have found difficult or do not know the answer, see if you can research the answer.

Changing State- Freezing and Melting

•Some materials can ‘change state’. Solids and liquids can be changed from one state to another by heating or cooling.•Heat melts a solid and turns it into a liquid. Cooling freezes a liquid into a solid.

MeltingWhen a substance changes from a solid to a liquid we say it melts. Substances need heat to do this.E.g. ice melts to form water at 0 degrees.

Every substance has its own, different melting point. Milk chocolate melts at around 40 degrees..

Freezing• This is when a substance turns from a liquid into a solid.• They need to be cooled to do this. • It is the opposite of melting• It happens at the same temperature as melting

Watch the following clip to help understand these processes clearer.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zkgg87h/articles/z9ck9qt

In a solid , the particles have little energy and are packed tightly together. This causes solids to tend to keep their shape.

When we heat a solid, we are giving the particles more energy. When the particles get enough energy, they stop being packed together and start to slide over one another. The solid has become a liquid. When a solid is heated and changes state to become a liquid, it is called melting. The temperature at which this happens is called the melting point. Melting points very from material to material. The melting point of water is 0°C.

If we keep on adding energy to this liquid, eventually the particles will have enough energy to change state again and become a gas. When a liquid becomes a gas, this is called evaporation. However, the temperature at which the bulk of the liquid boils into a gas is called the boiling point.

Activity 3- Research projectFor this activity, I would like you to research and find the answers to the questions on activity sheet 3.

Activity 4- Worksheet

Find the missing pieces of information and complete some of the research to find the melting points of different materials.

All water moves continuously and is recycled over and over again! This is called the water

cycle. The water cycle is vital in supporting all life on earth. Without it, nothing would grow or

survive.

Do you know any of the stages of the water cycle?

Watch the video to see the Water Cycle in action:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zkgg87h/articles/z3wpp39

EvaporationEvaporation is when water in oceans, lakes, or other bodies of water is warmed up by the Sun. Heat causes the water particles to move quickly. They move further apart, until they move so far apart that they become a gas instead of a liquid. The water becomes water vapour. Can you name any other bodies of water?

CondensationEventually the water vapour condenses into clouds. This means that the particles in the water vapour slow down and cool off, resulting in them becoming water droplets. These water droplets group together to form clouds. Can you think of any other times when water vapour becomes water droplets?

PrecipitationWhen enough water droplets group together inside clouds, they become heavy enough to fall towards the Earth. This usually falls as rain, but precipitation can also occur as snow, hail, or sleet depending on the temperature.

Collection (Run off)Run off is when water travels across land. Rain will land in the ground, streets, oceans, and in streams and rivers.

Eventually it collects in a body of water. After a while, the water is evaporated, and the water cycle starts again!

Water Cycle Break DownWater on Earth is constantly moving. It is recycled over and over again. This recycling process is called the water cycle.

• 1. Water evaporates into the air• The sun heats up water on land, in rivers, lakes and seas and turns it into water vapour. The water vapour rises into the air.

• 2. Water vapour condenses into clouds• Water vapour in the air cools down and changes back into tiny drops of liquid water, forming clouds.

• 3. Water falls as precipitation• The clouds get heavy and water falls back to the ground in the form of rain or snow.

• 4. Water returns to the sea• Rain-water runs over the land and collects in lakes or rivers, which take it back to the sea. The cycle starts all over again.

Activity 5 – Learn the water cycle songhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWb4KlM2vts

Can you perform the song and send a video to your teacher on dojo? J

Activity 6 – Draw a poster showing all the stages of the water cycle, with labels.

States of matter quiz:

Can you complete the quiz online? If there are any questions you are stuck on or find difficult, try looking through the power point again or doing some more research on BBC bitesize to help you.

https://www.educationquizzes.com/ks2/science/solids-liquids-and-gases-01/