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ef]nf e§/fO{ ef]nf e§/fO{

cWoog k|ltj]bg

Bhadra-Kartik 2074 September-October 2017Year 5 Issue 5

ub{y] . oltv]/ logLx¿ Jojl:yt 3/ lgdf{0f u/L a:g yfn]sf 5g\ . kxf8L If]q ePsf] sf/0f ds}, sf]bf], kmfk/, s]/f h:tf pTkfbgdf logLx¿sf] lge{/tf eP klg xfn ahf/Ls/0fsf] k|efj, zx/Ls/0f cflbsf] sf/0f ahf/df pknAw j:t' tyf ;]jfdf ;d]t r]kfËx¿sf] kx'Fr a9]sf] 5 . r]kfË ;d'bfodf cfˆgf] pTkfbgn] jif{e/L vfg k'Ug]sf] ;+Vof gu0o g} 5 . k|foM u/]/ tLg dlxgfdfq cfˆgf] pTkfbgn] vfg k'Ug] ePsf]n] pgLx¿sf] vfB ;'/Iff jgdf pknAw sGbd"nn] g} k'¥ofPsf] 5 . t/ jgsf] ltj| ljgfz / cltqmd0fsf] sf/0f sGbd"nsf] pknAwtf klg qmdzM sd x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . sGbd"n ;Fu;Fu} h+unL hgfj/ tyf kz'k+IfL df/]/ vfg] oL r]kfËx¿df cToflws s'kf]if0fsf] sf/0f d[To' x'g]sf] ;+Vof klg a9L g} 5 . o;}u/L, slnn} pd]/df ljx] ug]{, cToflws ;+Vofdf aRrf hGdfpg] k|rngsf] sf/0f klg vfB c;'/Iff a9\bf] 5 . r]kfËx¿ cfk"mnfO{ k|s[ltk"hs dfGb5g\ . t/ kl5Nnf] ;dodf sl/a ^)Ü r]kfËx¿ OzfO{ wd{df ¿kfGtl/t ePsf 5g\ eg] lxGb" / af}4 wd{ dfGg]x¿sf] ;+Vof 36\bf] ePsf] atfpF5g\ . r]kfËn] af]Ng] efiff æRof] jfËÆ xf] . pgLx¿sf] cfˆg} lnkL eg]

pHofnf]sf] vf]hLsf] dxfkj{ bLkfjnL dgfOFb}5 . ;+Fu;F+u} of] klg ;jfn p7\b}5, s;sf] bLkfjnL < cfh st} cF+Wof/f]dfly k|sfzsf] lht xf]Og, ul/aLsf]

cF+Wof/f]sf] lj:tf/ / a9\bf] ;3gtfdfem Pp6f rlDsnf] ;fFemsf] lhtsf] kj{sf] ¿kdf dgfpg] pkqmd t eO/x]sf] 5}g < cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f / e"d08nLs/0fsf] o; bf}8df ahf/sf] jr{:jaf6 hf]lug cToGt uf{xf] x'Fb} uO/x]sf] 5 . kj{–ltxf/ klg o;af6 c5'tf] 5}g . Pp6f uLt k|foM dw];sf] ufpF3/df ;'Gg] ul/G5, …cfu nuL xd/L emf]kl8of d]+ xd ufj} dNxf/Ú cyf{t 3/df cfuf] nflu;s]sf] 5, xfdL dNxf/ /fu ufpgdf d:t 5f}+ . oxL bLkf]T;jsf] df}sf 5f]k]/ dw];df hxfF 3/sf] 5]p5fpdf kmf]xf]/ y'kf/]/ /flvPsf x'G5g\ jf 3/df k|of]u x'g] r'Nxf]sf] v/fgL, ufO{j:t'sf] uf]a/ /flvG5, Tof] 7fpFnfO{ …dfgÚ elgG5 / ToxfF bLkfjnLsf] klxnf] lbg …hdbLofÚ cyf{t odsf] bLof] hnfP/ /f]u / la/fdLsf] ;fy;fy} 3/af6 ul/aL b"/ ug]{, csfn d[To' b"/ ug]{ k|fy{gf ul/G5 . To;}u/L bLkfjnLsf] /flt cfˆgf] 3/sf] rf/}lt/ dlxnfx¿n] gfªnf] 7§fpFb} ufpFb} kl/qmdf u5{g\, …nIdL kO;], bl/b/ efu]Ú cyf{t nIdL cfpg\ ul/aL efu'g\ . oL ;a ;f+:s[lts pkqmdsf k5fl8 s]xL ;fdflhs d"No hf]l8Psf] lyof] . cfh kj{ t dgfOG5, t/ d"No bLof] d'Gglt/sf] c+FWof/f]h:tf] ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 / ca b'O{ txsf] lgjf{rg x'g afFsL 5 . lgjf{rg kZrft klg xfd|f jl/kl/ ljBdfg /x]sf jftfj/0fLo d'2fx¿ Ho'Fbf t 5Fb}5Gf, ;F+u;+Fu} s]xL gofF jftfj/0fLo …Gof/]l6eÚ pbfPsf 5g\ . :yfgLo tx / k|b]zn] ca ;+3;F+u s;/L tfnd]n ldnfpg] x'g\ / To;af/] ;dGjofTds b[li6sf]0f agfpg] xf], Tof] clxn]sf nflu xfFs x'guPsf] 5 . ahf/sf] …6]s cf]e/Úwg cfh{gk|ltsf] ;fdflhs b[li6 /lxcfPsf] lyof] ls Tolts} cfh{g u/f}+, h;n] ;'vk"j{s afFRg ;lsof];\ . ufpF, b]xftdf cfh klg bLkfjnLsf] /fltsf] ef]/df 3/sf] k|To]s sf]7fdf gfª\nf] 7§fpFb} h'g uLt ufOGYof], …cO;/-kO;/ bl/b/ lgs;], nIdL 3/ af; xf] .Ú dtnj of] ls nIdLsf] k|fy{gf ToxL+

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;Ddsf nflu lyof], hxfF;Dd 3/af6 bl/›tf aflxl/g] cf; lyof] . t/ cfh bLkfjnLsf] dtnj s]jn ahf/sf] pkf;gfdf ;Lldt x'gk'u]sf] 5 . ;fFrf] cy{df ahf/n] ltxf/ / 57h:tf kj{nfO{ k'/} …6]s cf]e/Ú ul/;s]sf] 5 / o;nfO{ k'/} sf/f]af/sf] pT;j agfPsf] 5 . k|s[lt k"hfsf] of] lgtfGt s[t1tfsf] kj{ cr]n …ahf/sf], ahf/sf nflu / ahf/åf/fÚ sf] kj{ aGb} uPsf] 5 . o; cy{df klg ljleGg txdf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx¿ cfpFb} ubf{ hxfF kf/Dkl/s ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostf af]w a9fPsf] 5, ToxL+u/L e'OF ;txb]lv g} s;/L jftfj/0f d}qL hLjg k4ltsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5, To;af/] 3f]lTng] df}sf cfPsf] 5 . of] o; sf/0fn] klg p7fOFb}5 ls ljsf;sf] gfddf h'g ljgfzd'vL cg'i7fg ug]{ xf]8 rn]sf] 5, To;df nufd nufpg ;lsof];\ . k|s[lt / ;dfhufpF, b]xftdf afnL sf6\bfv]l/ ;fd"lxs ufg x'GYof], …pFr–gLr d]+ aO{ lsof/L, hf] pkhL ;f] eO{ xdf/LÚ cyf{t lsQfx¿ tndflysf eP klg h] plAhof], Tof] xfd|f] eof] . To;}u/L s]xL kl5 v]tdf ux'F 5g{nfUbf r/fx¿ em'G8sf em'G8 cfP/ vfg yfNbf r/f cltqmd0faf6 ljpnfO{ hf]ufpg vl6Psfx¿ cg]s k|oTg ubf{ klg ha r/fx¿ efUb}gy], Toltv]/ pgLx¿ ufpg yfNy], …/fdhL s] lr/O, /fdhL s] v]t, vfn] lr/Oof e/ e/ k]6Ú . cfzo lyof], of] r/f k|s[ltsf] xf], v]t klg k|s[lts} xf] . To;}n] r/fx¿ k]6el/ vfOxfn . Toltdfq sxfF xf], 3/df e+Fu]/fx¿sf af; xf];\ eg]/ To:t} jf:t' ldnfOPsf] x'GYof] . nf]s cfxfg g} lyof], h'g 3/df e+Fu]/fsf] af; x'Fb}g, Tof] 3/ lg/j+zL x'G5 . cfFugsf kGIfLx¿af/] ;d'bfo lrlGtt /xGYof] . 3/kfn'jf s's'/, la/fnfx¿sf nflu vfgf vfPkl5 Ps d'7L ufF; To;nfO{ lbOGYof] .s'g} ;fgf] aRrf ha vfg dflg/x]sf] 5}g eg] p;nfO{ kmsfpFb} yfndf kl:sPsf] vfgfnfO{ ljleGg lx:;fdf 5'6\ofP/ /flvGYof] / elgGYof], of] ltd|f] efu xf], of] s's'/sf] ufF; xf], of] ufO{sf] nflu ufF; xf] . Toltv]/ ufOGYof], …ha vOa a8sf a8sf sf}/, ta kOa b'lgofF d] 7f}/Ú . dtna ha 7"n7"nf] ufF; vfG5f}+, clgdfq b'lgofFdf af; kfpF5f}+ . o;n] ;fg} pd]/b]lv kz'kGIfLx¿k|ltsf] glhskgf / To;k|ltsf] xfd|f] j}olQs / ;fdflhs bfloTjaf/] ;dembf/L ljsl;t x'GYof] . cfh s's'/ k"hf jf ufO{ k"hfsf gfddf Pslbg k"hf t ul/G5, t/ c¿ lbg ;'jf; kf]v/]nn] lxhf]sf] kf7s k|ltlqmofdf hgfP h:t}, …c¿ a]nf nf}/f], ltxf/df dfofÚsf] cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf] 5 .

z'enfesf] cGto{:yfgLo lgjf{rgdfkm{t jg, r'/] / gbLsf] bf]xg ug]{x¿ g} sltko 7fpFdf lht]/ cfPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] :yfgLo :jfoQtfsf] gfddf tL ;|f]tdfly emg\ a9L c/fhs 9Ën] bf]xg

ug]{ cfz+sf ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf] af9L / /fhgLlts t/ntfsf] df}sf 5f]k]/ kl5Nnf b'O{ bzsleq k|fs[lts ;+;fwgsf] r/d bf]xg ePsf] 5 . To;n] ubf{ x]bf{x]b}{ cg]sg gofF ;d:of pTklQ ePsf] 5 . ;F+u} ahf/n] kf/Dkl/s kj{x¿ hf] kof{j/0f d}qL lyP, ltgnfO{ gofF cy{ lbg] e/dUb'/ sf]l;; u/]sf 5g\ . kj{ eg]s} ahf/ / j:t'x¿sf] lsgd]n;F+u hf]l8g k'u]sf] 5 .kj{x¿n] ;fd'bflos ;dGjo, ;fem]bf/L / ;Gt'li6eGbf klg JolQmut pkef]u, :jfy{ / cf8Da/ k|bz{gsf] pT;jsf] ¿kdf cg'jfb x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . kj{ eg]s} kmh'n vrL{sf] df}sf x'guPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ kj{x¿ k5fl8sf] jf:tljs ;Gb]z x/fpFb} uPsf] 5 / xfd|f] ;fdflhs rl/q g} JolQmut ;d[l4 / :jfy{ /Iffsf vflt/ bL3{sfnLg

cS6f]j/ !^ sf] 5nkmn sfo{qmd

;fd'bflos lxtsf] s'?/ xTof ug]{ dgf]lj1fgn] u|:t 5 . r'/] dfl;Fbf s] x'G5 < v]tdf cTolws ljiffbL 5bf{ s] x'G5 < gbL k|b"lift jf cltqmldt ubf{ s] x'G5 < cTolws rsf]{ :j/n] afhf ahfpFbf s] x'G5 < k6fsf k8\sfpFbf s] x'G5 < /}yfg] ufO{sf] gZn dfl;Fbf s] x'G5 < eGg] k|ZgnfO{ uf}0f agfOlbPsf] 5 . cfˆgf] z'enfe x'g] eP jf cf8Da/ k|bz{g ug]{ df}sf kfP oL k|Zgx¿nfO{ kG5fOG5 .clxn] df6f]sf] pj{/f zlQm;d]t IfL0f xF'b} uPsf] lj1x¿sf] egfO 5 . df6f], s[lif / k|fs[lts jftfj/0f ;DaGwL hlt klg ;d:of clxn] b]vf kl//x]sf 5Gf, ltgLx¿sf] Pp6f d"nh8 df6f]df h}ljs tQ\j jf k|fËfl/s tQ\jsf] sdL x'Fb} hfg' xf] . df6f]df h}ljs tTjsf] dfqf 36\g hfFbf df6f]sf]

ef}lts u'0f lalu|G5 / pj{/f zlQm klg 36\5 . dfgdfly bLof] hnfpg'sf] tfTko{ oxL lyof], kmf]xf]/nfO{ a6'n]/ vfN8f] vgL Ps 7fpFdf /fVg'k5{, To;n] 3/ jl/kl/sf] kl/j]zdfq ;kmf xF'b}g, o;/L hDdf kfl/Psf kmf]xf]/sf] dxQ\jnfO{ hfGg ;lsof] eg] cToGt nfesf/L k|fËfl/s dn aGg ;S5 . To;}n] To;sf] pkof]lutfk|lt s[t1tfefj /fVb} bLof] /flvGYof] . cfh lj:tf/} ufpFdf gt of] k/Dk/f ;'/lIft /xG5, g zx/jf;LnfO{ o:tf s'/fk|lt rf;f] /x]sf] 5 .

:yfgLo txsf] e"ldsf:jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg' hgtfsf] clwsf/ xf] . oltv]/ xl/t ufpF agfpg], ufpFsf kmf]xf]/nfO{ ToxL+ k|fËfl/s dn agfpg], kfgLsf] d'xfg, gbL, kf]v/L jf s'jfsf] arfp ug]{, /}yfg] ljpsf] ;+/If0f ug]{, /;fogd'Qm v]tL ;'? u/fpg], cf}Bf]lus k|b"if0faf6 hgtf kLl8t / ;/sf/ pbf;Lg /x]sf] cj:yfaf6 d'lQm lbnfpg], jftfj/0fLo Gofo ug{ g;Sg] pBf]ux¿nfO{ lj:tf/} pkrf/fTds k|ljlw ckgfpg afWo kfg]{, r'/] ;+/If0fdf hf]8 lbg] sfdk|lt :yfgLo txn] a9L kxn ug{ ;S5 . To;}u/L kj{x¿ kf/Dkl/s ;Lksf] k|s6Ls/0f / ahf/Ls/0fsf] cj;/ klg xf], t/ oltv]/ logLx¿ dsf{df kb}{5g\ . :yfgLo ;Lkåf/f lgld{t ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]uk|lt :yfgLosf] cfsif{0f a9fpg] / To;sf] dxQ\j ;d'bfodf

:yflkt ug]{ sfd :yfgLo txn] ug{ ;S5g\ . :yfgLo txn] kof{j/0fLo kxn ug{;s] k|b]z / ;+3sf] r'gfjdf oL ;jfn k|fylds Ph]G8f eP/ pkl:yt x'g ;S5g\ . :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] hLjg si6s/ agfpg] pBf]unfO{ sf/afxL ug]{ / k'{ofPsf] xflg afktsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbnfpg] Joj:yf ;DaGwdf hlt Jofjxfl/stf sfod ul/G5, Tolt g} of] k|fb]lzs / /fli6"o d'2f aGg ;S5 . :yfgLo txn] cfkm"v';L k|fs[lts ;|f]tnfO{ s]jn cfo cfh{gsf] ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf a'‰g] / nfe lng] sf]l;; ug{ yfNof] eg] To;n] cGt/:yfgLo txdfem dfq xf]Og, cGt/ k|fb]lzs åGå klg v8f u5{ . :jR5 jftfj/0f dfgj hLjgsf] cTofjZos cfjZostf xf], o:tf] jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ dfgjsf] lhpg] xs cGtu{t k5{ . sfnfGt/df jftfj/0fLo Gofo k|flKtsf lglDt jf jftfj/0fLo Gofosf d'2fnfO{ /fli6«o ¿kdf :yflkt ug{ cGt/ k|b]z ;dembf/L x'g}k5{ . o; cy{df klg cfpg] lgjf{rgdf bnx¿n] kof{j/0fLo d'2fnfO{ s;/L lnPsf 5Gf, Tof] x]g{'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . k|s[lt;F+u hf]l8g] kj{x¿sf] of] df};d jftfj/0fLo cGofosf] cj:yf l;h{gf x'gdf ;fdflhs cGofosf] e"ldsf ePsf] x'gfn] To;nfO{ cGTo ug]{ af6f] /f]hfOsf] cfTdbLkf]T;jsf] kj{ aGg ;sf];\ . oxL g} clxn]sf] ;fdflhs cfly{s ;/f]sf/ xf] .

#

5}g . jfXo x:tIf]k tyf k|efjsf] sf/0f===== r]kf· ;d'bfo====pgLx¿sf] efiff;d]t vt/fdf kg]{ ;Defjgf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . o; n]vdf r]kfË ;d'bfosf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g, wd{, ;+:s[lt / ;fdflhs kl/j]zdf b]vfk/]sf] kl/jt{g af/] rrf{ ul/g]5 . cS6f]j/ dlxgfdf n]vsåon] dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf] /flS;/fË ufpFkflnsf If]qdf u/]sf] lkmN8 cWoogsf] ;fdu|LnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ of] n]v tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] .-!_ r]kfËsf] efiff, ;+:s[lt nf]k x'g] vt/fdf r]kfËsf] cfˆg} efiff eP klg cfˆg} lnkL eg] 5}g . a9\bf] zx/Ls/0f, hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu ljsNksf] vf]hLdf r]kfËx¿ cfˆgf] a;f]af; If]q 5f]8]/ cGoq hfg' k/]sf] sf/0f, ljB'tLo ;+rf/sf] k|of]u, cfw'lgs lzIff k|0ffnL, a;fO ;/fO{ Pj+ r]kfË If]qdf a9\b} uPsf] jfXo k|efjsf] sf/0f pgLx¿sf] efiff qmdzM nf]k x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . o'jf lk+9Ldf blIf0f ef/tsf] lxGbL efiffsf] Pj+ g]kfnL / cª\u|]hLsf] k|efj kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ r]kfË efiffdf eGbf cGo efiffdf g} s'/f ug{ /dfpF5g\ . ufpF ;d'bfodf cfof]hgf ul/g] ;f+:s[lts kj{x¿df ;d]t r]kfË efiffsf] uLt–gfrsf] ;§f lxGbL, cª\u|]hL / g]kfnL efiffsf] ahfOg] ul/Psf] 5 . r]kfËn] k/Dk/fut ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ xftxltof/, h+unL vfBfGgx¿sf] gfd qmdzM la;{b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . Pshgf cu'jf r]kfËsf cg';f/ …klxn] r]kfËn] vfg] sltko h+unL sGbd"n t xfn cfP/ nf]k eO;s]sf] 5 .Ú r]kfË ;d'bfodf k/]sf] k|efj Pj+ pgLx¿sf] /xg;xgdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g;Fu} r]kfËsf] wd{, ;+:s[lt Pj+ h+unsf] h}ljs ljljwtfdf ;d]t c;/ kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . k|s[ltsf k"hs r]kfËx¿ h;sf] oxfFsf] jg, h+un, kfgL, df6f], h}ljs ljljwtf;Fusf] 3lgi6tf lyof], pgLx¿nfO{ To;af6 cnu u/fpFb} ;+:s[lt g} gi6 ug]{tk{m cfhsf] ;dfh p2t ePsf] 5 .

-@_ hfF8 / /S;Lsf] ;§f ljo/ / 8\o" (Dew) ;+:s[lt cem pb]s nfUbf] t s] b]lvof] eg] r]kfË ;d'bfodf a9\bf] wd{ kl/jt{gsf] P]h]08fn] pgLx¿sf] k/Dk/fut ;+:s[ltnfO{ hj/h:tL d]6fpg] k|of; ePsf] 5 . /fdsf 5f]/f njsf ;Gtfg dflgg] r]kfËx¿ …k|e' oz'Úsf ;Gtfg ePsf 5g\ . lxhf] cfˆg} h+undf kfOg] lu¶f, cfˆg} jf/Lsf] sf]bf], ds}sf] hfF8 /S;L cfk}mn] agfP/ vfg] r]kfËx¿nfO{ hfF8 /S;L 5'6fpg] gfddf ahf/df pknAw x'g] dxFuf ljo/, sf]s, k]mG6f / 8\o"sf] nt nufOPsf] 5 . /fS;L /fË j8f g+= % j/k/sf ;Dk"0f{ 3/x¿df krf;f}+sf] ;+Vofdf y'kfl/Psf] sf]s, k]mG6fsf] af]tnn] of] s'/f k'li6 ub{5 . 3/df agfOg] hfF8 / /S;L 5'6fpg] gfddf ljo/ / sf]s, k]mG6f ;+:s[lt leq\ofOPsf] 5 . r}gk'/df v'n]sf @ j6f xf]6ndf aflx/ pTkfbg ePsf] dxFuf] ljo/ / sf]s, k]mG6f /fd|f] ljqmL x'g]

ub{5 . lbge/L dgx/L vf]nfdf 6\ofS6/ rnfpg], afn'jf rfNg] o'jfx¿ lbge/L sdfPsf] /sd /S;L, df;' / sf]s, k]mG6fdf ;Sg] ub{5g\ . ufpFdf l;;f / Knfli6ssf af]tnx¿ lelqPsf 5g\ . /S;L agfpg k|of]u x'g] drf{ agfpg o'jfk':tfn] lal;{;s]sf] 5 .-#_ r]kfËsf] ;f]emf]kgdfly cGosf] /hfOF r]kfË cToGt ;f]emf] Pj+ nf]e / kfk gePsf] ;d'bfo xf] . kqsf/ k|tfk lji6sf cg';f/ …r]kfË eg]sf] u'gf;f]/lxt hft xf] . p;;Fu s'g} c;Gt'li6 5}g .Ú r]kfË ls t vf]nfsf] lz/df a:5, ls t h+unsf] k'5f/df a:5 . kxf8L cgsG6f/ 7fpFdf a;f]af; ug]{ ePs} sf/0f pgLx¿sf] ul/aL klg a9L 5 . tLg dlxgf eGbf a9L cfˆgf] pTkfbgn] k'Ug] r]kfË lj/n} e]l6G5g\ . To;}n] af/f, k;f{ / ef/tLo If]qaf6 cfPsf Jofkf/Lx¿n] r]kfËsf] ul/aLsf] kmfObf p7fpFb} To; If]qdf ufFhf v]tL ug{ nufpg] u/]sf 5g\ . cfh b]zsf ljleGg h]ndf u/L #)) hgf eGbf a9L r]kfËx¿ aGbL agfOPsf 5g\ . ufFhf af]s] jfkt k};f kfOg] nf]edf 7]s]bf/sf] ef/L af]Sg] r]kfËx¿ h]ndf a:g jfWo 5g\ eg] ufFhf v]tL u/fpg] 7]s]bf/x¿ :jtGq 5g\ . csf]{tk{m x]g]{ xf] eg] ljutdf r]kfËsf] gfddf /x]sf] c;n / pTkfbgzLn e"ldx¿ lj:tf/} cGo hftsf dflg;x¿n] x8lk;s]sf 5g\ . bf]h]{ r]kfËsf] bfjL 5 ls …r}gk'/sf] ;dy/ hldg p;sf] afh]sf] lyof] . ;f]emf] r]kfËnfO{ kxf8af6 cfPsf tfdfËx¿n] /S;L v'jfpg], C0f lbg] clg kl5 hUuf g} kf; ug{ nufpg] u/]sf] sf/0f cfk"mx¿ ;'s'Daf;L aGg' k/]sf]Ú atfpF5g\ . cfh klg y'k|} r]kfËx¿sf] gfddf cfˆgf] hldgsf] nfnk"hf{ 5}g .-$_ vf]l/of km8fgL–v]tL k|0ffnL r]kfË ;d'bfosf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf yf]/} eP klg vf]l/of v]tLn] of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] b]lvG5 . k/Dk/fut ¿kdf cfˆgf] If]qleq /x]sf] kxf8L le/fnf] hldgnfO{ km8fgL u/L ToxL If]qdf ds}, sf]bf] nufot nx/] t/sf/Lx¿ nufpg] ub{5g\ . cem a9L pQm If]qdf kfOg] lrp/L hftsf] 7"nf] j[IfnfO{ hf]ufpg] ugf{n] e"–:vng /f]Sg] Pj+ jif{–jif{sf] cGt/fndf v]tL ubf{ df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQm klg a9\g] xF'bf of] k|rng rNb} cfPsf] 5 . vf]l/of kmf8\g], 89fpg]nfO{ pgLx¿ nf];] eGb5g\ . lxhf]cfh pSt nf];]df s]/f, e'OFs6x/ / cld|;f] klg nufpg yfns]f 5g\ r]kfËx¿n] . hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf jg If]qsf] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds b'j} e"ldsf v]Ng] ePsf]n] vf]l/of km8fgLn] jg If]q ljgfzdf e"ldsf v]n]sf] ts{x¿ klg obfsbf ;'lgg yfn]sf] 5 . t/ r]kfËx¿ vf]l/of km8fgL jg ljgfzsf] sf/0f gePsf] bfjL ub{5g\ . r]kfËx¿n] hldgsf] df6f] aUg glbg g} To:tf If]qdf j;]{gL v]tL ub}{gg\ .

-%_ k|hf ljsf; sfo{qmdM ljsf; ls ljgfz < g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)#% b]lv k|hf ljsf; sfo{qmd dfk{mt r]kfËx¿sf] cfly{s,

;fdflhs, /fhg}lts clwsf/ / ljsf;sf] nflu sfo{qmd nfu' u/]sf] ePtf klg oL sfo{qmdx¿sf] k|efjsfl/tf / lbuf]kgnfO{ lgofNg] xf] eg] sfo{qmdn] r]kfËsf] ljsf; u¥of] ls ljgfz egL ;f]Rg jfWo agfpF5 . r]kfË ljsf;sf] gfddf g]kfn ;/sf/, cGo u}/;/sf/L ;+3–;+:yf cflbn] y'k|} nufgL u/]sf] eP klg Tof] nufgLn] r]kfËsf] ljsf;df slt of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sof] yk cg';Gwfgsf] ljifo aGg k'u]sf] 5 . k|hf ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf cGo sfo{qmdn] r]kfËnfO{ cfˆgf] wd{, ;+:s[lt k|j4{gdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg ;s]g . /fHosf] ;]jf / ;'ljwf k|flKt / pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts / cfly{s clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;s]g . o;}sf] sf/0f &)Ü eGbf a9L r]kfËx¿ OzfO{ wd{df nfUg k'u]sf 5g\ . xfd|f ljsf; cfof]hgfx¿n] r]kfËsf] cfˆgf] k/Dk/fnfO{ Do"lhoddf aGws agfOlbPsf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu ljsNk lbg g;s]sf] sf/0f 7]s]bf/sf] kmGbfdf km;fOPsf 5g\ . r]kfË a;f]af; If]q glhs v'n]sf /fhdfu{, zx/Ls/0fsf sf/0f v'n]sf ahf/df ef/L a]Sg], s'NnL sfd ug]{ eGbf dflysf] x}l;otdf r]kfËnfO{ k'¥ofpg ;s]g . lbge/L sfd u/]/ sdfPsf] k};f hf]ufpg] / pTkfbgzLn sfd ug{ ;Sg] of]Uo dflg; agfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . r]kfËsf] wd{, ;+:s[lt, rf8–kj{, /Lltl/jfh, snf–;+:s[ltnfO{ aGws agfO{ OzfO{s/0f u/fpg ;xof]uL ag]sf] ;/sf/L gLlt, lgod / P]g÷sfg'gn] r]kfËsf] lxtdf sfd ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . r]kfË;Fu /x]sf] k/Dk/fut 1fg / ;LknfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ tk{m eGbf klg sdhf]/ agfpg] tk{m oL ljsf;] sfo{qmdx¿ p2t eP . h}ljs ljljwtf, k/Dk/fut pkrf/ ljlw -wfdL, emfFqmL_ Pj+ h8La'6Lsf] 1fg / k|of]udf r]kfËx¿ cu|0fL dflgG5g\ . t/ cfoftLt cf}ifwL / 1fgsf] sf/0f r]kfË ;d'bfo;Fu /x]sf] 1fg eg] nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 .

;sf/fTds kIf y'k|} lj;ª\ult / ljs[ltn] cfqmfGt r]kfË ;d'bfoleq s]xL ;sf/fTd kf6f]x¿ klg 5g\ . o;nfO{ alnof] agfpg ;Sg] xf] eg] r]kfËsf] ;j{kIfLo lxtdf d2t k'Ug]5M!= ;+ul7t r]kfËx¿@= :yfgLo txsf] ;+3–;+:yfdf r]kfË#= :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf casf] af6f]÷l;kmfl/; r]kfË ;d'bfosf] ljsf; ug'{ eg]sf] r]kfËsf] klxrfg lbnfpg' xf] . pgLx¿ a;f]af; ug]{ If]qsf] lbuf] ljsf; ub}{ r]kfËsf] ljsf; ;Dej 5 . r]kfËnfO{ cfˆgf] e"uf]naf6 cnUofP ul/g] ljsf;n] r]kfËsf] ljsf; u/fpg ;Dej 5}g . r]kfËsf] e"uf]ndf k|;:t ljsNksf] vf]hL ug]{, pgLx¿sf] cfˆg} 1fg / ;LknfO{ k|j4{g / ljsf; u/]/ r]kfËnfO{ cfly{s ;+j[l4tk{m n}hfg cfjZos 5 .

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Advisors : Prof Lok Raj Baral, Vijay Pratap, Uddhab PyakurelEditors : Prof. Deo Kumari Gurung, Ram Saran Sapkota

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