Knowledge Organiser

Year 7

Term 1 and 2

2019-2020

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English Knowledge Organiser Year 7 - Writing Knowledge Organiser: Expressions of Self Unit

Key Concepts

1. Persuasion: the action or process of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something.

1. Point of view/viewpoint: a particular attitude or way of looking at an issue

1. Line of argument: the reasoning used to support a particular idea or view.

Key Contexts

1. Inequality: when people are treated differently in society and as a result there is difference in the amount of power or influence they have.

1. Stereotypes: a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

1. Discrimination: when people are treated negatively especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

Rhetorical Techniques Aspects of Grammar and Punctuation Aspects of structure

Anecdote Rhetorical question Litotes Hyperbole Colloquialism Direct Address

A short amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. A question asked to produce an effect, not for replies e.g. why do I bother? Understatement, e.g. “not bad at all.” Obvious exaggeration. e.g. ‘to wait an eternity’ Ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing The use of a term or name for the person spoken to, as in securing the attention of that person e.g. you should be listening to this.

Colons Semi colons Modal verbs Pronoun

(:) used to mark a major division in a sentence, to indicate that what follows provides extra detail. (;) used to show a division in a sentence where a more distinct separation is felt between clauses or items A type of verb that expresses necessity or possibility. e.g. include must, shall, will, should, would, can, could, may, and might. A word that refers to the participants in the conversation (e.g. I, you) or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere (e.g. she, it, and this).

Counter-argument Topic sentence Discourse markers Effective openings Bookending

What someone who disagrees with you might say in response to your ideas/argument. A sentence that identifies the main idea of the paragraph e.g. The facts about women and employment are clear. A word or phrase used to organize what we are saying in sections, e.g. however or I mean. Grabbing the audience’s attention with techniques that stand out and make people listen (sometimes by being: emotive/descriptive/mysterious) When your speech introduction and conclusion support your speech in a way that provides balance and creates structure

English Knowledge Organiser Year 7 - Writing Knowledge Organiser: Expressions of Self Unit

Emotive Language Repetition List of three

Language used to create emotion in the audience e.g. ‘he was depressed, bedraggled and lonely.’ Words or phrases that are used more than once. Three words or phrases used in a sentence for emphasis

Dashes Brackets

A horizontal stroke in writing or printing to mark a pause or break in sense or to represent omitted letters or words. A pair of marks ( ) used to enclose words to separate them from the context.

Short sentences Single Sentence Paragraph

A simple sentence, which often communicates clearly and is easily remembered. When one line of text is used on its own in a text, normally for emphasis.

Year 7 Unit 2: Media (Wildlife) Knowledge Organiser

Summary

PRINT ADVERT LANGUAGE CONVENTIONS PRINT ADVERT LAYOUT CONVENTIONS KEY CONCEPTS

Code Linguistic codes Direct address Imperative verbs Slogan Emotive language Headline Copy Statistics Rhetorical question Weasel words

Something that has to be ‘unscrambled’ or decoded before the meaning becomes clear The meanings that lie behind words used in a media text Where the word ‘you’ is used to make the message feel personal An imperative sentence gives a command. e.g. ‘buy this’ A short, memorable phrase used to sell a product/brand. e.g. Nike’s ‘just do it.’ Words that create strong feelings e.g. disaster The biggest part of the text – in a newspaper article it is like a title The longer sections of writing, usually in smaller print Facts expressed using numbers e.g. 80% of people… A question that does not require an answer. e.g. Don’t you agree? Vague words that make the product in an advert seem better than it is e.g. ‘Makes your floor virtually spotless’ – what do they mean by ‘virtually’?

Layout Codes of colour Focal point Balance Visual hierarchy Rule of thirds Weight

How different parts of a design are laid out on a page The symbolic meanings attached to colour e.g. white=innocence The part of the picture that the eyes look at first An image with ‘balance’ has its different elements roughly equally placed around the focal point The order in which the eyes look at things, with the first thing being the most important The design rule that states that an image should have all the interesting things in certain places as this is where the eye looks the most when looking at an image If part of an image looks ‘heavy’, it can be described as having a lot of weight. Lots of bold, dark lines and colours can add weight

Audience: The people who are ‘consuming’ the media text Target Audience: The people who are being deliberately targeted by the media text e.g. men in their 20s Representation: How people, places, events and things are represented by the media .e.g. women are represented as weaker than men Connotation: The symbolic or hidden meaning of something e.g. ‘red has connotations of love, blood and danger.’ Denotation: The literal meaning of something e.g. ‘red is a colour that is a bit darker than orange, but lighter than purple.’ Convention: the way in which something is usually done e.g. the convention is that letters are topped with an address Symbolism: the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. e.g. crown symbolises monarchy

Charities are

not-for-profit

organisations

They aim to raise

awareness and

funds through

donations

They use the donations

to fund their work and

inspire further

donations

They make choices about

the codes and conventions

used to maximise impact

and affect the audience

They make print

and television

adverts to inspire

donations

They consider how

they can best

communicate with

their target audience

ANALYSIS & SKILLS Paragraph 1: About the Artist.

Who are they?

When were they born?

Are they contemporary? (Modern/ still alive)

What is their work about?

Are they part of an Art movement?

Paragraph 2: About the Art work.

Describe the piece of Art work you are looking at in detail (use sheet of key words to help)

If it is 3D what shapes, materials, scales, proportions have been used and how?

Is it about anything? Does it convey an idea or message?

Paragraph 3: Your opinion.

What do you think about the Art work? Why?

How does it make you feel? What is the mood?

What does it remind you of? Does it link with other images, objects that you have seen?

Do you think it conveys a message? How and Why?

DRAWING Key Questions you should ask

yourself…..

Has my shading gone from black to white with

several shades of grey?

Am I spending at least 75% of my time looking at

the subject of my drawing so I am drawing what I

see NOT what I THINK I see!

Can I build in more form by using mark making or

tone?

Have I drawn out the initial proportions lightly and

accurately?

PAINTING Key questions to ask yourself…

Am I layering the paint from dark to light?

Am I mixing my own colours…NOT using colour

straight from the tube!

Am I using a variety of tones and tints? Am I

creating VERY DARK TONES OF COLOUR……NOT

BLACK for shadows?

PRINTING Key questions to ask yourself…

Have I started with the lightest colour ready to

layer with progressively darker colours?

Am I layering on the ink with a roller, making

sure I listen for the correct sounds?

Am I recutting the right areas before I layer the

next colours?

Have I allowed the ink layer to dry before I re

layer the next colour?

The COLOUR WHEEL is an important tool used by artists to learn

to ‘organise colours’ and learn to mix colours.

ELEMENTS OF ART LINE: Is a mark on a

surface that describes a shape or

an outline. It can create texture

and be thick or thin.

SHAPE: Is a 2

dimensional line with no form or

thickness. Shapes are flat and can

be grouped together in two

categories, Geometric and

organic.

FORM: Is a 3 dimensional

object having volume and

thickness. It can be the illusion of

a 3d effect with the use of light.

VALUE:Is the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the

contrast between the black and

white and all the tones in

between.

COLOUR Is made up of

3 things, Hue (the colours name),

Value (How light or dark it is) and

Intensity (How pure and intense

the colour is)

SPACE Is the space

around, within or between

elements or objects in a piece of

work.

TEXTURE Is the

surface quality of and object

sensed through touch. Texture

can be conveyed in drawing

through mark making and layers.

Autumn Term - Biology B 1.1 Knowledge Organiser

part function

nucleus contains genetic material,

which controls the activi-

ties of the cell

cytoplasm most chemical processes

take place here, controlled

by enzymes

cell membrane controls the movement of

substances into and out of

the cell

mitochondria most energy is released

by respiration here

ribosomes protein synthesis happens

here

Key term Definition

Specialised cell A cell whose shape and structure enable it to perform a par-ticular function

Nerve cell A animal cell that transmits electrical impulses around the body

Red blood cell An animal cell that transports oxygen around the body

Sperm cell A cell that contains male genetic material

Leaf cell A plant cell that contains chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place

Root hair cell A plant cell that takes in water and minerals from the soil

part function

cell wall strengthens the cell

chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which

absorbs light energy for pho-

tosynthesis

permanent vacuole filled with cell sap to help

keep the cell turgid (firm)

Leaf cell

Root hair cell

Sperm cell

Red blood cell Nerve cell

Observing animal and plant cells

1. Peel a piece of onion one cell thick 2. Place on a slide flat with no air bubbles 3. Add one drop of iodine to the slide to dye the cells 4. Carefully place a cover slip over the top 5. Observe under the microscope, using the low power lens first 6. Draw your observations 7. Use a cotton wool bud collect some cheek cells 8. Smear on the slide 9. Add methyl blue 10. Place a cover slip over the top 11. Draw your observations

Magnification = size of the image

Actual size of the object

Unicellular organisms

Is a single cell organism

Prokaryotic cell do not have a nucleus eukaryotic cells do.

Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments. Protozoa is a single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris.

Movement in and out of a cell

Dissolved substances have to pass through the cell membrane to get into or out of a cell. Diffusion is one of the processes that allows this to happen. Diffusion occurs when particles spread. They move from a high concentration to a low concentration Temperature and concentration affect the rate of diffusion Key word Definition

cell wall The plant cell component that surrounds the cell, providing support.

cells The smallest functional units in an organism – the building blocks of life.

chloroplasts The plant cell component where photosynthesis takes place.

concentration A measure of the number of particles of a substance in a given volume.

diffusion The movement of liquid or gas particles from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration.

leaf cell The plant cells that contain chloroplasts, where photosynthesis takes place.

microscope An optical instrument used to magnify objects, so small details can be seen clearly.

nerve cell An animal cell that transmits electrical impulses around the body.

nucleus The cell component that controls the cell and contains genetic material.

observation Carefully looking at an object or process.

organisms Living things.

red blood cell An animal cell that transports oxygen around the body.

root hair cell A plant cell that takes in water and minerals from the soil.

specialised cell A cell whose shape and structure enable it to perform a particular function.

sperm cell A cell containing male genetic material.

unicellular Consisting of just one cell.

vacuole The plant cell component that contains cell sap and helps to keep the cell firm.

Stem cells

Stem cells are cells that can differentiate into other types of cells, and can also divide in to

produce more of the same type of stem cells.

Adult stem cells are frequently used in various medical therapies (e.g., bone marrow transplantation). Stem

cells can now be artificially grown and transformed (differentiated) into specialized cell types with

characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues such as muscles or nerves, and can be used to treat

organ failure.

With all stem cell extraction and use there is a high risk to life.

Physics Knowledge Organiser: Energy - year 7

Food and fuels

There is energy in the chemical stores associated with food and fuel. Energy is measured in Joules.

You need different amounts of energy for different activities.

Energy Resources

Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas were formed over millions of years and are non-renewable.

They can be use to drive a generator in a thermal power station. Wind, wave and solar sources

are examples of renewable energy resources.

Conduction—Energy is transferred by conduction in solids.

Conductor—a material that transfers energy

very well, such as metals.

Insulators - a material that does not transfer or

conduct energy well.

Power, work and machines

Power= energy /time and electric power = potential difference X current. You can work

out the energy transferred by appliances in your home using the unit of kilowatt hours.

Calculate work = force x distance. Simple machines like levers and gears can make it easi-

er to do work but you do not get more out than you put in.

Explaining convection

When a liquid is heated it expands. The fluid be-

comes less dense and rises. The warm fluid is re-

placed by cooler, denser fluid. The resulting con-

vection current transfers energy throughout the

fluid. Fluids are liquids and gases.

Temperature

Temperature is measured using a thermometer. The temperature doesn't depend on the amount of

material, but the amount of energy in the thermal store does.

When a hot object is in contact with a colder one energy is transferred from the hot object to the

colder one. Energy will be transferred and the temperature difference will decrease until the objects

are in equilibrium.

Law of conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred between stores. This is the

law of conservation of energy. Light, sound and electricity are ways of transferring energy.

Radiation

Energy is transferred by radiation, which does not need a medium to travel through.

All objects emit (give off) radiation. Infrared radiation can be detected by your skin or a

thermal imaging camera. If the energy transferred to an object is less than the energy

transferred from it the object will cool down.

In a thermal power station:

1. fuel such as coal, oil or gas is burned in a furnace to produce heat - chemical to heat energy.

2. this heat is used to change water into steam in the boiler. 3. the steam drives the turbine (which is like a big fan) 4. this drives the generator to produce electricity.

Science Starts Here! Year 7

Important rules working in a Laboratory

Do NOT enter the lab without a member of staff

Put bags and coats out of the way

Never put anything into your mouth

Do not run or play around

Follow instructions carefully

Wear eye protection

Heat things carefully, standing up – stools under desks

If there is an accident, tell your teacher immediately

Let apparatus cool down before you tidy up

Hazard symbols

Corrosive

Caution

Flammable

Cancer causing

Toxic

Units of measurement:

Time—seconds (s)

Mass—g (grams) or Kg (kilograms)

Distance—mm (millimetres) or m (metres)

Volume—ml (millilitres) or L (litres)

Temperature 0C (degrees Celsius)

Key equipment

Beaker A container to to put chemicals

in, which sometimes as a scale

on the side

Test tube Used to hold, mix or heat chemi-

cals in

Boiling tube A larger container to hold, mix or

heat chemicals in

Tripod A three legged stand to balance

an object on that is being heated

Conical flask A flat bottomed container to mix

chemicals together in

Thermometer To measure the temperature of

a substance

Spatula To move solid chemicals from

one container to another

Forceps Used to pick up and hold objects

Measuring cylinder Used to measure liquids

Flame

Hottest part

Chimney

Heat proof mat

Base

Rubber tubing

Bunsen burner

Never heat anything using the Safety flame. Always light the Bunsen with the hole closed Blue flame is used to heat substances up When the air hole is open, air is drawn into the chimney, where it mixes with the natural gas. This ensures complete combustion: Methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

Air hole

What is an observation

Observations are what we can say about things we see, hear, taste, smell and touch.

We can also use measuring equipment to help us with observations.

What is the difference between an observation and an inference?

An inference is a guess and is used before you interpret your exact observations

An observation is an exact account of what you are seeing happening in practical work.

Graphs

Line graph

Pie chart

Bar graph

Using a microscope

Variables

Independent variable—the variable that you are changing in an

experiment

Dependent variable—the variable you are measuring in an ex-

periment

Control variable—The variables you are keeping the same in an

experiment

Line graphs are used when the data is continuous

(there are many in-between values)

Bar graphs are used when the data is categorical

Focusing knob

Objective lens

Light source

Eye Piece lens

Stage

Total Magnification =

magnification of OBJECTIVE lens x magnification

of EYEPIECE lens

Drawing graphs things to remember

The independent variable (what you are changing) always

goes on the X (bottom axis)

The dependent variable (what you are measuring) always

goes on the y (side) axis

Choose suitable scales

Always label your axis and include the units

Make sure you plot each point or draw each bar carefully

Give the graph a title.

In a results table the independent variable always goes in the

left hand column

The dependent variable always goes in the right hand column.

Particle Model

Autumn Term - Chemistry Knowledge Organiser C.1

Key word Definition

Material The different types of stuff that things are made up from

Particle The tiny things that materials are made from

Mixture A material whose properties are not the same all the way through

Substance A material that is not a mixture. It has the same properties all the way through.

Property A quality a substance or material that de-scribes its appearance, or how it behaves.

Solid In a solid state, a substance cannot be com-pressed and it cannot flow.

Liquid In a liquid state, substance can flow but can-not be compressed

Gas In a gas state, a substance can flow and can also be compressed

States of matter The three forms in which a substance can exist solid, liquid or gas

Melting

The change of state between solid to liquid

Freezing The change of state from liquid to solid

Melting point The temperature at which a substance melts

Change of state The process by which a substance changes from one state to another

Conserve The mass of substance is conserved changing from one state to another

Boiling The change of state between liquid and gas

Boiling point The temperature at which a substance boils

Evaporation The change of state from liquid to a gas

Condensation The change of state from gas to liquid

Sublimation

The change of state from solid to gas

Cooling Curve:

Solubility: The mass of solute that dissolves in 100 gram of water to make a saturated solution is

called solubility.

Gas pressure

The force exerted by gas particles per

unit area of a surface

Three factors that give a substance its property:

What the particles are like

How are the particles arranged

How its particles move around

Diffusion:

The random movement of particles

Temperature

Particle size

The state of the substance

ALL affect the speed of diffusion

Y7 Mathematical facts Term 1

The decimal number system

Millions Thousands Ones Fractions

Ten Millions

Millions Hundred Thousands

Ten Thousands

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

3 245 769 is three million, two hundred and forty five thousand, seven hundred and sixty nine.

In the number 3 245 769 the 5 stands for five thousand and the 2 stands for two hundred thousand.

27.398 is twenty seven point three nine eight; you will note that fractions are read as single numbers.

In the number 27.398 the 3 stands for three tenths, the 9 stands for nine hundredths and the 8 for eight

thousandths.

Directed numbers

Numbers getting smaller

… -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 …

Numbers getting larger

A negative and an operation can lead to two signs being written next to each other e.g. 3 + -4 and 5 – -7

When two signs are written next to each other they can be simplified: – - is the same as +, + - is the same as –

Proportion

A description of a situation using the total number e.g. In a class of 20 there are 13 boys.

Ratio

A description of a situation using the composite numbers e.g. In a class there are 13 boys and 7 girls

The ratio of boys to girls is 13:7

Fractions, decimals and percentages

Are three ways of saying the same thing, they share a common format if expressed in hundredths.

Fraction = 78

100 , Decimal 0.78, Percentage 78%

Fractions are numbers that include part of a whole number, they are written as 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟

The denominator tells you how many divisions make a whole number

Decimals are written after a decimal point in decreasing multiples of 10

Percentages are written as hundredths, the percentage sign means the number is 100 times smaller than it is shown.

Order of operations (PEMA)

There is an order to operations:

P (Parenthesis) - any calculation within a bracket is completed first

E (Exponential) – any term with an exponential is completed second

M (Multiplication and Division) – any scalar change is completed third

A (Addition and subtraction) – completed last and in a left to right order

Y7 Mathematical facts Standard units of length, mass and volume

Length Area Volume Mass

Stan

dar

d

un

its

kilometre = km metre = m centimetre = cm millimetre = mm

Square kilometres = km2 Square metres = m2 Square centimetres = cm2 Square millimetres = mm2

Litre = l Millilitre = ml Cubic metre = m3 Cubic centimetre = cm3 Cubic millimetre = mm3

Ton = t Kilogram = kg Gram = g Milligram = mg

Equ

ival

enci

es

1km = 1000m, 1m = 100cm = 1000mm, 1m = 0.001km 1cm = 10mm, 1cm = 0.01m, 1mm = 0.001m,

1 l = 1000ml 1 ml = 0.001 l 1 ml = 1 cm3

1t = 1000kg, 1kg = 1000g, 1kg = 0.001t 1g = 1000mg 1g = 0.001kg, 1mg = 0.001g,

Imp

eria

l

un

its

Feet = ft. Inch = in.

Gallon = gal. Pound = lb Ounce = oz

Equ

ival

en

-cie

s

3 ft. ≈ 1 m 1 in. ≈ 2.5 cm

1 gal. ≈ 4.5 l

2.2 lb = 1 kg 1 oz = 30 g

Time

1 day = 24 hours 1 year = 365 days 9am, 2:15pm – 12 hour clock 1 hour = 60 minutes 1 year = 52 weeks (plus 1 day) 09:00, 14:15 – 24 hour clock 1 minute = 60 seconds 1 year = 12 months 02:34.45 – two hours, thirty four

minutes and forty five hundredths of a second

Y7 Mathematical facts Term 2

factor A number that divides another leaving no remainder e.g. 3 is a factor of 12 because 12 ÷ 3 = 4, no remainder

multiple A number that is in the times table of another e.g. 12 is a multiple of 3 because 12 = 3 x 4

prime A number with only two factors e.g. 7 because 7 only has 1 and 7 as factors

square A number that is made from multiplying a number by itself

e.g. 36 because 36 can be made from 6 x 6

cube A number that is made from multiplying a number by itself and once again

e.g. 27 because 27 can be made from 3 x 3 x 3

Axis for graphs

First quadrant Axis are labelled x and y (x horizontal) Axis are divided equally Numbers are written on the lines

Four quadrant Axis are labelled x and y (x horizontal) Axis are divided equally Numbers are written on the lines

Triangles

Equilateral triangle 3 equal sides 3 equal angles

Isosceles triangle Two sides the same Two angles the same

Isosceles right triangle Two sides the same Two angles the same One right angle

Scalene triangle No two sides the same No angles the same

Scalene right triangle No two sides the same No angles the same One right angle

Y7 Mathematical facts Quadrilaterals

Square Four equal sides Two pairs of parallel sides Four right angles

Rectangle Two pairs of equal sides Two pairs of parallel sides Four right angles

Rhombus Four equal sides Two pairs of parallel sides Two pairs of equal angles

Parallelogram Two pairs of equal sides Two pairs of parallel sides Two pairs of equal angles

Kite Two pairs of equal sides One pair of equal angles No parallel sides

Arrow head Two pairs of equal sides One pair of equal angles No parallel sides

Isosceles Trapezium One pair of parallel sides One pair of equal sides Two pairs of equal angles

Trapezium One pair of parallel sides No equal sides No equal angles

3d solids

Vertex – where three or more faces join Edge – where two faces join Face – the ‘side’ of a solid

Y7 Mathematical facts

Cube There are six faces All faces are squares All faces meet at right angles

Cuboid There are six faces All faces are rectangles All faces meet at right angles

Prism The cross section is always the same

Pyramid / Cone The base tapers to a point

Symmetry

Equilateral triangle Three lines of reflective symmetry Rotational symmetry order 3

Isosceles triangle One line of reflective symmetry Rotational symmetry order 1

Square Four lines of reflective symmetry Rotational symmetry order 4

Square Two lines of reflective symmetry Rotational symmetry order 2

Y7 Mathematical facts Term 3 Data types

Discrete Values that cannot be divided e.g. colours, shoe sizes, flavours, children, …

Continuous Values that can continually be divided e.g. measurements including time

Primary Values that you collect personally e.g. the opinions of your friends

Secondary Values that someone else collects e.g. national surveys

Types of graph

Tally chart Data being collected in the left column Tally in the right – in groups of up to 5

Frequency table Data being reported in the left column Frequency in the right

Pictogram Title of data Data being reported in the left column Pictures showing the data and Key

Bar chart (discrete data) Title of data and axis labelled Bars separate Labels for bars under bars

Bar chart (continuous data) Title of data and axis labelled Bars joined Labels for bars not under bars

Comparative bar chart Title of data and axis labelled Key for bars

Y7 Mathematical facts

Stacked bar chart Title of data and axis labelled Key for bars

Line graph Title of data and axis labelled Data points plotted on lines Scale used and values interpolated

Pie chart Title of data Sectors labelled (or a key used)

Landmark An object or feature of a landscape or town that is

easily seen and recognized from a distance, especially

one that enables someone to establish their location.

Human Effects

Physical Effects

Changes to the landscape caused by human activity.

E.g. cutting down a forest to make way for a highway.

Changes to the landscape caused by nature E.g. ero-

sion from the sea, ox-bow lakes.

The British Isles Made up of 2 large islands and many smaller ones. Highest point in the UK Ben Nevis - the highest mountain in the British Isles,

located in Scotland. Standing at 1,345 metres above

sea level.

Great Britain The largest island and is sometimes called Britain.

Divided into 3 parts – England, Wales and Scotland.

Main Rivers in the UK River Severn, River Thames, River Trent, River Wye,

River Ure and River Tay.

Ireland The other large island, divided into 2 parts – North-

ern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Weather Weather is what conditions of the atmosphere are

over a short period of time.

The United Kingdom Made up of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern

Ireland

Climate Climate is how the atmosphere "behaves" over

relatively long periods of time.

The Republic of Ireland A separate country with its own government. Poverty The state of being extremely poor.

Autumn Term - Geography Knowledge Organiser: UK’s Changing Landscape

Autumn Term - Geography Knowledge Organiser

Key map skills

1. Direction The 8 points of the compass are used to describe the location

of places and features on a map.

2. Scale The scale of a map is the part that compares a distance on the

map to its actual distance in the real world.

3. Symbols Symbols are used on maps to represent different features. They

make the map easier to read.

4. 4 figure grid

references

Most maps are divided into small squares by grid lines that run horizontally and vertically across the map. Each line has a number so we can give a reference for each square to help us locate where something is on a map.

The green square is 31,25

5. 6 figure grid

references

To give a grid reference for a whole grid square we use 4 figure

grid references to locate it on the map.

To locate a specific point within the grid

square we give it a 6 figure grid

reference. The red square is

828,543

6. Relief

shading

Areas of different heights are

shown using different colours .

Brown shows the highest

point.

7. Spot heights The exact height above the ground

is measured and written onto

a map.

8. Contour

lines

Brown lines drawn on a map

which join up points that are the same

height.

Key Atlas Knowledge

1. Continents There are 7 continents: Europe, North America,

Africa, Asia, South America and Antarctica. Each

continent is made of several countries, with the

exception of Antarctica.

2. Oceans There are 5 main oceans: Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean,

Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean and Artic Ocean.

3. Lines of latitude Lines of latitude run horizontally around the world. The

significant lines of latitude are the equator 0°, Tropic of

Cancer 30°N, Tropic of Capricorn 30°S, Artic Circles and

Antarctic Circle.

4. Capital and major cities On some maps you will find that the capital city of the

country has been included and also other major cities. In

this map the capital city is represented by a star and major

cities by a circle as shown in the key.

Autumn Term - History Knowledge Organiser: What is History and The Norman Conquest

1. Chronology The arrangement of dates or events in the

order of their occurrence.

2. B.C The years ‘Before Christ’

3. A.D The term anno Domini is Medieval Latin

and means "in the year of the Lord", but is

often translated as "in the year of our

Lord".

4. Primary source An artefact, a document, diary, manu-

script, autobiography, a recording, or any

other source of information that was

created at the time under study.

5. Secondary source A source created later by someone who did

not experience first-hand or participate in

the events or conditions you're research-

ing.

6. Interpretation Historians interpret the past differently

according to their own beliefs and

experiences. They present their own views

on different things/events/people. This

does not mean they are wrong or right; it is

their opinion.

7. Bias Bias is an inclination or outlook to present

or hold a partial perspective, often accom-

panied by a refusal to consider the possible

merits of alternative points of view.

8. Context The circumstances that form the setting for

an event, statement, or idea, and in terms

of which it can be fully understood.

What is History?

9. Edward the Confessor Edward the Confessor, was among the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England, and usually

considered the last king of the House of Wessex, ruling from 1042 to 1066. His death

sparked the battle for the English throne in 1066.

10. Harold Godwinson Harold Godwinson, was the last Anglo-Saxon king of England. Harold reigned from 6 January

1066 until his death at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October . His death marked the end of

Anglo-Saxon rule in England.

11. Harald Hardraada King of Norway from 1046-1066. Unsuccessfully attempted to claim the English throne in

1066. Launched an invasion in the north of England but was repelled by Harold Godwinson’s

forces.

12. William of Normandy

(the Conqueror)

William I, usually known as William the Conqueror, was the first Norman King of England,

reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. He claimed the throne had been promised to him

by Edward the Confessor and launched an invasion to successfully claim it.

13. Vikings Norse seafarers who regularly raided the north east coast of England and Northern Europe in

the 8th-11th centuries, from their base in Scandinavia.

14. Normans The Normans were a group of people who gave their name to the region in northern France

where they lived, Normandy.

15. Anglo-Saxons The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They

comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe,

their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted their culture.

16. Hastings The venue for the famous battle between Harold Godwinson’s Saxon army and William’s

Norman army. Harold was killed, William was victorious and declared himself King.

17. Domesday Book A manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed

in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror.The survey's main purpose was to determine

what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor .

18. Feudal System Feudal System. The basic government and society in Europe during the middle ages was

based around the feudal system. Small communities were formed around the local lord and

the manor. The lord, in return, would provide the king with soldiers or taxes.

19. Barons A title of honour. They were originally Williams’s closest allies and they were given land

following the conquest of England in 1066.

20. Knights A class of lower nobility, they were trusted soldiers who fought on horseback. They were

assigned land by the Barons under the Feudal system.

21. Peasants/Villeins A poor smallholder or agricultural labourer of low social status.

22. Bayeux Tapestry An embroidered cloth which depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of

England in 1066.

The Norman Conquest—Key Individuals and Terms

Autumn Term 2 - ICT Knowledge Organiser: Computing Fundamentals and Internal Components

Computing Fundamentals

Internal Components Computer System A system in which you can input data, process data, output data and store data

digitally

Accumulator A CPU register which stores data in current use by the CPU

Input Device A hardware device used to input data into a computer system for processing ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit. Performs arithmetic and logical operations in the CPU.

Interface The boundary between systems or between systems and humans Bus A part of the computer architecture that transfers data and signals between the components of a computer.

Keyboard A device that uses labelled keys to enable data input into a computer. Cache Memory Special high speed memory used by a computer

Microphone A device for capturing sound Control Unit Works with the CPU to control the flow of data through the CPU.

Monitor A device which displays images and text. Clock Chip The electronic device in a computer which controls the timing of signals

Mouse A device that controls the movement of a pointer on the screen based on its own movement and allows the user to select an object by pressing a button.

Computer Architecture The internal logical structure and organisation of a computer

Output Device A piece of hardware that is used to output/display data which has been pro-cessed or has been stored onto the computer

Control Unit Works with the CPU to control the flow of data through the CPU.

Printer A device which produces physical copies of output of a computer system. CPU Central Processing Unit. Fetches, decodes and executes instructions.

Sensor A device that can detect physical conditions such as temperature, weight, light etc.

Dual/ Quad Core A CPU with multiple cores.

Speaker A device to output sound Fetch Execute Cycle The process of fetching instructions from the cache, decoding them and then executing them in the CPU

Touch Screen A touch sensitive surface that allows the user to select, control or move object by touching icons etc. using their fingers or a stylus.

Motherboard The central PCB that holds the crucial components of the system

User Interface - The boundary between the computer and the user Operator Assembly This is the part of the instruction that tells the CPU what to do.

Program Counter A register in the CPU that keeps the address of the next instruction.

RAM - Random Access

Memory. Main memory of a computer that stores programs and data that are currently in use. You can read data from the RAM and write data to the RAM. It is volatile memory which means when the computer is switched off the RAM will lose all of its data.

ROM - Read Only

Memory

Storage for data on a computer which cannot be overwritten. ROM data is always available and non-volatile.

Register - Special fast access part of the CPU that stores data currently in use.

Virtual Memory A section of the hard disk is used as if it was RAM to supplement the amount of main memory available to the computer when the main memory is insufficient.

Key Terms

Autumn Term - ICT Knowledge Organiser: What is online safety?

Cyberbullying The bullying of another person using the internet, mobile phones and other digital devices, with the intent to deliberately upset them.

Chat room A website, or part of a website which allows people to communicate via a comput-er network in real time.

Netiquette Correct or acceptable way of communicating on the internet. Spam An email that is sent to a large number of people and mostly consists of advertis-ing.

Cyberstalking Repeated use of electronic communication to harass or frighten someone. SNS An online platform that allows users to create a public profile and interact with others.

Online Grooming Deliberate act taken to befriend and create an emotional connection with a child, resulting in not good intensions.

IM Instant Messaging

Sexting Sending sexually explicit messages or images by cell phones and other electronic devices.

Block Action taken to stop interactions from set people via online communication.

Cyberpal A friend who you only communicate with through the internet or cyberspace. Zip It Keep your personal stuff private and think about what you say and do online

Password A secret word or phrase that must be used to gain access to something. Block it Block people who send nasty messages and don’t open unknown links and attach-ments

Emoji Small digital image or icon used to express an idea, emotion, etc. Flag it Flag up with someone you trust if anything upsets you or if someone asks you to meet them offline.

Hacking Gaining access to a computer, with the intension of stealing data or causing dam-age.

Cookie A small piece of data from a website that records your activity on each website for example what you click on and the length of time that you are there.

Download Copying data from one computer system to another, typically over the internet. Username A unique way of identifying each person on a computer or online security system

Cyberstalking Repeated harassment that includes threats of harm or that is highly intimidating and

intrusive uponone's personal privacy.

Internet Predator People who intentionally access sites that children or teens visit and can search for

potential victims by location or interest.

Key Terms

¿Qué tipo de persona eres? What type of person you are?

Soy una persona sincero I am a person sincere

tímido shy

generoso generous

serio serious

listo clever

tonto silly

simpático kind

tranquilo calm

divertido fun

¿Tienes hermanos? Do you have siblings?

Si, tengo un hermano Yes, I have a brother

una hermana a sister

dos hermanos y una hermana two brothers and a sister

No, soy hijo único No, I am son unique

¿Tienes mascotas? Do you have pets?

Si, tengo un perro negro Yes, I have a dog black

un conejo blanco a rabbit white

un gato marrón a cat brown

un ratón gris a mouse grey

una serpiente roja y amarilla a snake red and yellow

un pez naranja a fish orange

una tortuga verde a tortoise green

No, no tengo mascotas No, I don’t have pets

¿Cómo te llamas? How are you called?

Me llamo Pedro I am called Pedro

¿Cuántos años tienes? How many years you have?

Tengo doce años I have 12 years

¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? When is your birthday?

Mi cumpleaños es el quince de mayo My birthday is the 15th of May

¿Cómo se escribe? How is it written?

Se escribe… It is written…

High Frequency Words

tengo I have

no tengo I don't have

soy I am

no soy I am not

y and

pero but

también also

muy very

bastante quite

un poco a bit

Year 7 Spanish—Term 1

Year 7 Spanish—Term 2

¿Qué te gusta hacer? What do you like to do?

Me gusta chatear I like to chat

Me gusta mucho leer I really like to read

No me gusta escuchar música I don't like to listen to music

No me gusta nada jugar a los videojueagos I don't like at all to play videogames

mandar sms to send texts

ver la televisión to watch TV

nevegar por internet to surf the internet

escribir correos to write emails

salir con mis amigos to meet with my friends

¿Qué haces en tu tiempo libre? What do you do in your freetime?

Bailo I dance

Toco la guitarra I play the guitar

monto on bici I ride my bike

saco photos I take photos

hablo con mis amigos I speak with my friends

Canto Karaoke I song karaoke

¿Cantas Karaoke? You sing Karaoke?

¿Bailos? You dance?

¿Escuchas…? You listen…?

¿Tocas…? You play…?

¿Navegas…? You surf…?

¿Montas….? You ride..?

todos los dias toco la guitarra every day I play the guitar

a veces sometimes

nunca never

a vez un cuando from time to time

¿Qué haces cuando llueve? What do you do when it is raining?

Cuando llueve saco fotos when it is raining I take photos

hace buen tiempo it is good weather

nieva it is snowing

frío it is cold

hace calor it is warm

en primavera in spring

en verano in summer

en otoño in autumn

en invierno in winter

¿Qué deportes haces? what do you like to do?

hago gymnasia I do gynnastics

hago artes marciales I do martial arts

hago equitación I do horseriding

hago ateletismo I do athletics

hago natación I do swimming

juego al fútbol I play football

juego al tenis I play tennis

juego al voleibol I play volleyball

juego al balonccestro I play basketball

High Frequency Words

con with pero but

cuando when porque because

generalmente generally sí yes

mucho a lot también also/too

no no y and

o or ¿y tú? and you?

Autumn Term - Performing Arts Music Knowledge Organiser

Musical Elements

A graphic score as seen above is a way of writing down how

music would sound. using images, and shapes instead of

real music notation

Memorise the notes on the keyboard. Remember that the notes

are the same just repeated at either a higher or lower pitch across

the piano keyboard.

Autumn Term - Performing Arts Music Knowledge Organiser

Rhythm and Pulse

Rhythm changes constantly. It is grouped into time signatures which in turn are separated

by bar lines.

Pulse— is a steady beat like a ticking clock or your heartbeat. It can be measured in time by

counting the number of beats per minute (BPM).

Time signatures—These tell you two things 1) how many beats there are in a bar and 2)

what type of beats are being counted.

Different time signatures have different feelings

2 and 4 beats in a bar feels like a march.

3 beats in a bar feels like a waltz.

2 beats in a bar

What type of beat.

4 = Crotchet beats

3 beats in a bar

What type of beat.

4 = Crotchet beats

4 beats in a bar

What type of beat.

4 = Crotchet beats

Autumn Term - Performing Arts Drama Knowledge Organiser

Introduction to Drama

Dramatic Tension/Suspension Dramatic tension and suspense are terms often used interchangeably. Suspense develops in a work when apprehension, tension or anxiety is felt by the audience regarding the outcome of the plot. Dramatic tension can happen when the audience is aware of something that the characters are not but is also possible when the audience and the characters share the same knowledge and point of view.

Mood and feelings A mood is a feeling or a person's specific state of mind at any particular time. A mood is also the prevailing emotion found not only in

people but also in literature, music, and other expressive arts. Moods set the overall tone for speech or writing and are an important

element in literature as well as in everyday life.

Status Status refers to the power difference in the relationship between two characters. A character in a high status behaves dominantly towards a character in a lower status.

Devising Devising is a method of theatre-making in which the script or performance originates from collaborative, often improvisatory work by a performing ensemble.

Characters Characters are a person or other being in a narrative (such as a novel, play, television series, film, or video game)

Plot and Story The plot is the foundation of a novel or story, around which the characters and settings are built. It is meant to organise information and events in a logical manner.

The story is the overall piece.

Mime Mime is the expressing an idea or mood or portraying a character entirely by gesture and bodily movement without the use of words.

Thought Tap Thought tap involves the teacher or director freezing the action and tapping individuals on the shoulder for them

The unit supports the development of self-confidence, encourages social cooperation and enhances creativity. It uses an assortment of imaginative stimuli designed to

engage, promote creativity and thinking skills. There are several opportunities for students to create, perform and devise in a variety of ways.

Design & Technology Knowledge Organiser

Materials

MDF – Medium Density Fibre board

Acrylic

Paper

Card

Pine - soft wood

Foam

Tools and Equipment

Junior Hack-

saw

Fine tooth saw usually used for cutting

metal and plastic. Because of its very

fine teeth we use it on this project to

accurately cut thin wood

Pin Hammer A pin hammer is a very light-

weight hammer which is used for very

fine work, e.g. pins and nails

Bench Hook

A way of holding your wood still when

you are cutting it. It can be used either

with or without a vice

Woodwork

Vice

A way of holding things securely in the

workshop when cutting and filing

materials.

Hot Glue

Gun

Hot glue that dries quickly

Not very strong glue

Glass Paper

A type of abrasive paper that comes in

different grades of roughness, that is

used to smooth down wood

Project: Wooden Pencil Box For this project you will be making a wooden pencil box/holder

This will have your logo engraved on it and you will be able to use it

Around school

This project will introduce you to different types of wood, their stock forms

and how you can join them together

Key word Definition

MDF A manufactured board made from recycled wood fibres, Medium Den-

Coping Saw A hand saw used for cutting curves or detailed work

Laser Cutter A piece of equipment which falls under CAM used for cutting materials

2D Design A computer based programme we use for designing which falls into

Engrave A surface detail which is burnt or etched into the material

CAD Computer aided design

CAM Computer aided manufacture

Glass Paper Abrasive sheet which is used to sand the edges of materials to make

File A hand tool which has small teeth used to make edges of material

Belt Sander Sanding machine used for making edges of material smooth

Design & Technology Knowledge Organiser

Acrylic A type of colourful or clear plastic that

is used to make shop signs and baths.

It is also used a lot in school as it is

easy to cut, shape and join

Dichloromethane A type of solvent glue that is used to

join acrylic to acrylic.

- Always wear googles

- Always replace the lid after use

- Always use in a well ventilated area

Template A shaped piece of rigid material used

as a pattern for processes such as

cutting out, shaping, or drilling.

Coping saw A saw used for cutting curved lines and

intricate shapes

Woodwork vice A method of holding your work se-

curely and still whilst you are working

on it

Orthographic

drawing

3 different views of an object that is

made up of the Front view, Right Hand

View and Plan or Birdseye view

Net A pattern that you can cut and fold to

make a model of a solid shape

Project: Table Tennis Bat

Stiga are the leading manufacture of table tennis equipment, they top the charts

for the best bats in the business and now they are teaming p with Sports Direct.

Sports Direct wants to expand its range of products that they are selling and they

now want to offer more table tennis bats aimed at young people.

Stiga and Sports Direct want you to design, make and test a new table tennis bat

that will be comfortable for young people to use and look exciting encouraging

young people to take p the sport. The table tennis bat will be made from standard

components but will need to be personalised for each user in its design.

Key word Definition

Softwood A type of wood which comes from Evergreen trees.

Pine A type of tree which falls under the category of softwoods

Coping Saw A hand saw used for cutting curves or detailed work

Tenon Saw A hand saw used for cutting straight lines through batons

Bench Hook A cutting aid which holds materials square and is placed inside a vice to secure it in place

Vice A wood working tool attached to the work bench which holds materials securely

Foam A thin spongy material which comes from Plastic

Manufactured Board

A man made sheet timber not naturally occur-ring

PVA Polyvinyl acetate

Adhesive A technical term for glue used to stick materials together

Design & Technology Knowledge Organiser

Techsoft 2D Design Skills

Select Tool

Allows you to choose different tools or

parts of the drawing

Double Path

Tool Draws a double line 5mm apart

Grid Lock

When selected, will only draw lines at a

spacing of 10mm, using the grey dots on

the screen

Step Lock

When selected, will only draw lines at a

spacing of 1mm When grid lock and step

lock are both turned off, you can draw a

line of any length.

Delete Any

Tool that deletes all of a line

Delete Part

Tool that allows part of a line to be

deleted

Project: Snack Attack

McVitie’s is a British snack food brand and we are famous for

making a range of popular cakes, biscuits and snacks to in-

clude Digestives, Hob Nobs, Penguin bars, Cheddars and Ja-

maica Ginger Cake.

McVitie’s want to introduce a new Breakfast Bar aimed at

teenagers and have asked you to design and make a proto-

type of the bar and the packaging box. Both will be presented

to The Marketing Board for consideration to be made and

sold throughout the UK.

The box must contain all legal information, including a nutri-

tion label and appeal to a teenage audience.

Key word Definition

2D design A computer based programme we use for designing which falls into CAD

Product Analysis A process of evaluating products

Logo A series of images joined together to identify a company or individual

Slogan A tag line used to help identify a company

Packaging Used to promote and protect products

Barcode Found on packaging and used to identify the product through an EPOS system

EPOS Electronic Point of Sale

Labelling Logos or symbols on packaging which could be required by law

Font The way writing is constructed there are many types

CAD Computer aided design

Autumn Term - Food Technology Knowledge Organiser

Theme: Food Skills for Life

The Four C’s

Cleanliness

Cooking

Chilling

Cross Contamination

Equipment Use

1. Mixing bowl Combine ingredients.

2. Saucepan Heat liquids.

3. Rolling pin Roll out pastry and dough.

4. Cooling rack Reduce temperature of cooked foods

5. Pot stand Protect work surface from hot pans.

6. Spatula Scrape and spread mixture.

7. Bun tin Cook small cakes.

8. Greaseproof paper Protect baking trays and tins and help prevent food sticking.

9. Wooden spoon Mix ingredients, especially in a saucepan.

10. Fish slice Handle hot foods.

11. Baking tray Cook foods in an oven.

12. Hand Whisk Mix and add air to ingredients

13. Sieve Remove lumps from dry ingredients and add air.

14. Colander Drain liquids from foods.

Cooking Equipment Storing Foods Safe Knife Skills

Cooking and Preparation Techniques

Rubbing-in Boiling Baking

Nutrients and their Functions

Autumn Term - Food Technology Knowledge Organiser

Keyword Definition

Colander Used to strain foods such as pasta or to rinse vegetables

Pathogenic bacteria Bacteria that can cause disease.

Cross contamination Transfer of bacteria or other contaminants from one surface or substance to another

Danger zone 5°C or above 63°C - the temperature range within which bacteria grow most quickly

CAYG Clean As You Go

Rubbing-in Flour is rubbed into a fat with the fingertips to make dishes such as shortcrust pastry, crumbles and scones

Pre-heating To heat an oven to a particular temperature before putting food in it

High risk food Usually ready to eat foods that are high in moisture and protein

Carbohydrate Body uses this for energy and the two main forms of carbohydrates are sugars and starches

Protein Substance found in food and drink such as meat, eggs, and milk. You need this in order to grow and be healthy.

Fat Gives you energy and there are two main types: saturated and unsaturated

Minerals Help your body grow, develop, and stay healthy. For example, calcium.

Vitamins Help your body grow, develop, and stay healthy. For example, Vitamin A.

Fibre Helps to keep your digestive system in good working order

Curds A soft, white substance formed when milk coagulates, used as the basis for cheese.

Whey The liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained.

Hygiene Actions that help maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases

Nutrients Substances in food that our bodies process to enable it to function

Eatwell Guide An image used to achieve eating healthily and a balanced diet

Detergent Cleaning agent that helps to remove dirt and grease

Running Hold the head up, stable and eyes looking for-

ward

Drive arms backwards and forwards vigorously in opposition to the legs.

Elbows bent at 90 degrees

High knee li with the thigh almost parallel to the ground

Principles of the game (attacking and defending)

Fitness testing Multistage fitness test 1 minute press up test 12 minute cooper run

Jumping

Eyes focused forward or upwards, head up and back straight through-out the jump

Crouch with knees bent and arms behind the body

Legs forcefully extend and straight-en in the air

Arms swing forwards and upwards in time with the legs

Fitness for sport and exercise— Physical fitness:

Cardiovascular system (heart & Circulatory)

The cardiovascular system is re-sponsible for the uptake of oxygen from the air we breathe, the transport of nutrients and oxygen around the body and the removal of waste products including car-bon dioxide.

Throwing and catching:

"Track": Track the ball with your eyes all the way into your hands.

"Reach": Reach arms towards ball.

"Give": Give with ball as ball hits hands to make it a soft catch.

"Pinkies and Thumbs": Pinkies together if ball is below waist. Thumbs together if ball is above waist.

"Quick Feet": Move your feet quickly to get into position to catch the ball.

Respiratory system (lungs & airways)

The respiratory system is the set of organs that allows a person to breathe and exchange oxygen and car-bon dioxide throughout the body.

An example of respiratory system is the human's nasal passages, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes and lungs.

Exercise intensity: BORG scale 6-20 6= no exhaustion. 20= maximal

Passing and receiving Body Posture When making a short pass, approach the ball at a slight angle. your spine should be upright and you should be leaning into the pass just before you strike the ball. Positioning The position of your supporting foot (the on that does not kick the ball) is crucial as well. Striking the ball Turn your kicking foot outwards, bend your knee slightly, and lock your ankle as you make the pass. Use the inside of your foot to make contact with the center of the ball Following through Continue to swing your kicking foot towards your target after it contacts the ball Receiving Feet shoulder width apart and on your toes (ready position) You can use a variety of different body parts to control the ball.

Dribbling Dribbling allows you to move the ball around the field without losing possession.

Keep the ball close to your feet at all times, when running with it.

Use the inside, outside and sole of your foot to control the ball when moving.

Don’t look down when running with the ball. Keep your head up.

Maintain balanced body position

Keep your weight over the ball

In a full sided game each team consists of 11 players.

If the ball goes off the side of the pitch it is a throw in to the team that didn’t touch the ball last.

If the ball goes off the end of the pitch it is a cor-ner or a goal kick depending who the ball touched last.

Depending on where the incident takes place, a free kick or a penalty is awarded if the player in possession of the ball is illegally infringed.

The goalkeeper is the only player allowed to touch the ball with their hands and can only do this inside their 18 yard box.

To score a goal, the ball must cross the opposi-tion’s goal line.

The team with the most goals at the end of the game will win the game

Speed Training

1. Hollow Sprint - broken up by ‘hollow’

lower level work

2. Acceleration Sprints -jogging to striding

and finally to sprinting at maximum speed.

3. Interval Training -– work, rest, work, rest

Aerobic Endurance

Aerobic endurance is the ability of the CARDIORESPIRA-

TORY SYSTEM to work efficiently, supplying NUTRIENTS

and OXYGEN to working MUSCLES during sustained

physical activity.

*Activities that last for a long time require excellent aer-

obic endurance*

Shooting Power and accuracy are the main principles of shooting. Non kicking foot next to the ball Keep body balanced Head slightly over the top of the ball Use side foot for placement or top of the foot for increased

power

Fitness for sport and exercise

Rules and Regulations

Short Passes

• keep the arms bent at the elbows

• push the ball across and level with the waist

• keep hands slightly underneath the ball

• finish the movement with the wrist and fingers

• keep shoulders facing forward during the pass.

Principles of the game (attacking and defending)

The Ruck and Maul

Keep the eyes open and head up

Keep a straight back as you drive with the legs

Shoulders always above hips

Wrap arms around opponent and bind tightly

Be committed and controlled

Tackling safely (taking and making the tackle)

Head behind or to side of ball carrier’s legs

Shoulders braced

Head up and looking

Shoulder contact on thigh

Drive with the legs

Wrap arms around and hang on tight Keep eyes open.

Drive the ball carrier over backwards Use forward momentum to bring the player down

Fitness for sport and exercise— Physical fitness:

Basic rules and principles of the game

Aerobic endurance

The ability of the cardiorespiratory system to work efficiently, supplying nutrients and oxy-gen to working muscles during sustained (long lasting) physical activity.

Example:

Playing a match for 80 minutes

Longer Passes:

• use straighter arms

• allow the natural “pendulum” swing of the arms to occur

• follow through much further with the arms

• help the ball on its way with a slight turn of the shoulders

• finish the movement with the wrists and fingers.

Muscular endurance

The ability of the muscular system to work efficiently and continue to contract over a peri-od of time against a light to moderate load.

Example:

To repeatedly kick conversions

Speed

There are three types of speed

1. Accelerative speed – sprints up to 30 m

2. Pure speed- sprints up to 60 m

3. Speed endurance- sprints with a short recovery period (rest) in between

Muscular strength

The maximum force (strength) that can be generated (made) by a muscle or muscle group.

Example:

Pushing against another person in a ruck

Tackling

A player is tackled when held and brought to ground

You cannot tackle above the shoulders (neck high)

When a player has been tackled, he/she should let go of the ball at once (don’t ‘hold on’)

When a player has made a tackle, they should let their opponent release the ball (the should ‘roll away’)

The aim of the game is to gain territory

(get over the gain line)

Defend as a team (straight line)

Attack as a team (diagonal lines)

Try to run into space

Be disciplined and courageous

Knock-on and Throw Forward

A player must not throw or knock the ball forward with their hands.

A knock on is when the ball hits the hands or arms of a player and goes forwards

How to use your Knowledge Organisers?

What is a Knowledge Organiser?

A knowledge Organiser sets out the most important facts and ideas that your teachers believe you

need to study their subject this term. We want you to memorise information that will support

what you are learning in class.

Why do we need Knowledge Organisers?

To make your homework more meaningful and to link it more directly to what you learn in

lessons.

To help you make sense of what you learn in lessons, allowing you to complete more chal-

lenging tasks.

To help you develop the memorising techniques you will need to be successful at GCSE.

To give you the opportunity to feel more of an expert in the subjects you are learning.

How does your memory work?

You store information in both your long and short

term memory. Your short term memory is your

‘working memory’ - you use it for day to day

thinking and problem solving, and memories here

are only held for a short amount of time. Your long

term memory contains information that you know

really well, and your short term memory ‘calls it up’

when it needs to use it.

If you don’t memorise information, your short term

memory soon ‘forgets it’. Also if you try to rely too

much on your short term memory it quickly

overloads and this will affect your ability to think

clearly and you will make mistakes.

To store information in your long term memory you need to practise:

Repetition - Keep coming back to the information again and again.

Spacing - Mixing up the information you study to test your memory.

Testing - Find ways to check what you remember, and to work out your weaker areas.