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Year 8 HistoryOverview
Starter SheetsReadings
Year
8 H
ist
- O
verv
iew
Lesson
1-
Intr
od
ucti
on
Read
ing
Acti
vit
y
1.
Wri
te d
ow
n t
he h
eadin
g.
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2.
What
do y
ou t
hin
k t
his
pie
ce o
f w
riti
ng is
about?
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__3
.Is
it
desc
ripti
ve,
info
rmati
ve o
r pers
uasi
ve?_
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____
_4
.R
ead t
he p
iece
of
wri
ting a
nd c
ircl
e a
ny w
ord
s w
hose
meanin
g y
ou a
re n
ot
sure
of.
5.
Underl
ine t
he f
ollo
win
g w
ord
s: C
hri
stia
n,
Cru
sades,
feudalis
m,
Isla
m,
medie
val,
navig
ato
rs,
Renais
sance
, R
om
an e
mpir
e6
.W
hat
was
the im
port
ant
featu
re o
f Euro
pean m
edie
val so
ciety
? __
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_7
.W
hy d
id Isl
am
and C
hri
stia
nit
y c
lash
? __
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_8
. W
hat
do y
ou t
hin
k a
re t
he s
ix im
port
ant
thin
gs
we w
ill learn
about
this
term
? i.
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_ii.
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_iii
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iv.
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_v.
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_
His
tori
cal con
text
of
the o
verv
iew
The late
r R
om
an e
mpir
e w
as
transf
orm
ed b
y b
eco
min
g C
hri
stia
n a
nd d
ivid
ing into
an e
ast
ern
and a
west
ern
em
pir
e.
Both
em
pir
es
were
weake
ned b
y a
seri
es
of
invasi
ons.
A
fter
the c
olla
pse
of
the R
om
an e
mpir
e in t
he w
est
, th
e C
hri
stia
n c
hurc
h p
rovid
ed
the c
ult
ura
l fo
undati
on f
or
the e
merg
ence
of
Euro
pean m
edie
val so
ciety
. O
ne o
f th
e
import
ant
featu
res
of
this
soci
ety
was
feudalis
m.
Isla
m,
meanw
hile
, had s
pre
ad f
rom
the A
rabia
n P
enin
sula
and b
y t
he m
id-s
eventh
ce
ntu
ry d
om
inate
d N
ort
h A
fric
a a
nd t
he M
iddle
East
. In
the late
ele
venth
centu
ry
Chri
stia
nit
y a
nd Isl
am
cla
shed in a
seri
es
of
wars
know
n a
s th
e C
rusa
des.
The C
hri
stia
n
goal of
occ
upyin
g M
usl
im Jeru
sale
m a
nd t
he H
oly
Land u
ltim
ate
ly f
aile
d.
In t
he m
id-
fift
eenth
centu
ry t
he Isl
am
ic O
ttom
ans
finally
captu
red C
onst
anti
nople
, th
e c
apit
al of
the e
ast
ern
Rom
an e
mpir
e.
This
vic
tory
conso
lidate
d t
heir
em
pir
e w
hic
h t
hen
com
manded t
he e
ast
ern
Medit
err
anean.
In t
he m
eanti
me,
west
ern
Euro
pean n
avig
ato
rs d
isco
vere
d n
ew
tra
de r
oute
s to
Asi
a
by s
aili
ng a
round A
fric
a o
r headin
g w
est
, acr
oss
the A
tlanti
c, t
o e
nco
unte
r th
e
Am
eri
cas.
These
voyages
opened u
p a
new
unders
tandin
g o
f th
e w
orl
d a
t a t
ime w
hen
west
ern
Euro
pe w
as
em
bra
cing t
he learn
ing o
f anci
ent
Gre
ece
and R
om
e.
This
expansi
on o
f know
ledge,
experi
ence
and c
onfidence
is
now
know
n a
s th
e R
enais
sance
. In
Euro
pe it
hera
lded t
he S
cienti
fic
Revolu
tion a
nd t
he E
nlig
hte
nm
ent
whic
h c
reate
d
the m
odern
worl
d.
Year
8 H
ist
- O
verv
iew
Lesson
2 -
Th
e f
all o
f A
ncie
nt
Rom
e
Read
ing
Acti
vit
y
1.
What
do y
ou t
hin
k t
his
pie
ce o
f w
riti
ng is
about?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_2
.Is
it
desc
ripti
ve,
info
rmati
ve o
r pers
uasi
ve?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
3.
Read t
he p
iece
of
wri
ting a
nd c
ircl
e a
ny w
ord
s w
hose
meanin
g y
ou a
re n
ot
sure
of.
4.
Underl
ine t
he f
ollo
win
g w
ord
s: B
yza
nti
um
., C
onst
anti
ne,
Dio
cleti
an ,
Angle
s,
Saxo
ns
and Jute
s, R
om
ans,
West
ern
Euro
pe
5.
Whic
h t
ribes
thre
ate
ned R
om
e?
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__6
.W
hic
h e
mpero
r div
ided t
he R
om
an E
mpir
e?
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__7
.W
hic
h e
mpero
r ch
anged t
he c
apit
al of
Rom
e ?
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_8
.W
as
this
wis
e?
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Th
e f
all o
f A
ncie
nt
Rom
e s
tart
ed
fro
m a
bou
t A
D 1
90
.
Trib
es
of
Angle
s, S
axo
ns
and Jute
s liv
ed in N
ort
hern
Euro
pe,
in w
hat
is n
ow
D
enm
ark
, G
erm
any a
nd t
he N
eth
erl
ands.
These
tri
bes
were
not
Chri
stia
ns
but
wors
hip
ped t
heir
ow
n g
ods.
They liv
ed just
outs
ide t
he b
oundari
es
of
the R
om
an
Em
pir
e a
nd t
raded w
ith t
he R
om
ans.
They w
ere
alw
ays
lookin
g f
or
a c
hance
to m
ove
into
the r
icher
are
as
contr
olle
d b
y t
he R
om
ans.
Only
the R
om
an a
rmy k
ept
them
out.
This
could
only
bri
ng t
hem
into
conflic
t w
ith t
he R
om
ans.
At
about
AD
19
0,
Rom
e
als
o e
xperi
ence
d a
succ
ess
ion o
f poor
em
pero
rs w
ho s
imply
were
not
capable
of
doin
g
the job.
The R
om
an A
rmy w
as
spre
ad t
hro
ughout
West
ern
Euro
pe.
Each
arm
y f
ought
to
have its
leader
as
Em
pero
r. B
etw
een A
D 2
11
and A
D 2
84
, th
ere
were
tw
enty
-thre
e
'sold
ier-
em
pero
rs' -
and t
wenty
of
these
men w
ere
kill
ed b
y r
ivals
! C
learl
y law
and
ord
er
and r
esp
ect
for
that
wit
hin
Rom
e its
elf w
as
at
fault
.
In A
D 2
84
, A
fter
som
e t
hought,
Em
pero
r D
iocl
eti
an d
eci
ded t
he o
nly
thin
g t
o d
o
wit
h R
om
e w
as
to s
plit
the e
mpir
e in h
alf.
That
way,
it w
ould
be e
asi
er
to m
anage.
This
cre
ate
d t
wo R
om
an e
mpir
es
- th
e W
est
ern
Rom
an E
mpir
e a
nd t
he E
ast
ern
Rom
an
Em
pir
e.
Each
sid
e h
ad a
rule
r in
charg
e o
f it
. B
ut
the r
ule
r w
ho w
as
in c
harg
e o
f R
om
e
was
the s
enio
r ru
ler.
The W
est
ern
Rom
an E
mpir
e (
Euro
pe/N
ort
h A
fric
a)
incl
uded t
he c
ity o
f R
om
e.
The E
ast
ern
Rom
an E
mpir
e (
Turk
ey/p
art
s of
Asi
a)
incl
uded t
he c
ity o
f B
yza
nti
um
.
In A
D 3
07
, C
onst
anti
ne b
eca
me e
mpero
r. H
e r
ule
d f
rom
AD
30
7 t
o A
D 3
37
. C
onst
anti
ne w
as
Rom
e's
firs
t C
hri
stia
n e
mpero
r and h
e is
consi
dere
d t
o h
ave b
een a
st
rong r
ule
r.
He b
elie
ved t
hat
Rom
e a
s a c
ity w
as
too f
ar
aw
ay f
rom
vit
al are
as
of
the
em
pir
e a
nd t
here
fore
, m
oved t
he c
apit
al of
the e
mpir
e t
o a
new
cit
y –
Const
anti
nople
. W
hate
ver
the m
oti
ves
were
, C
onst
anti
ne’s
deci
sion w
as
a p
oor
one..
Const
anti
nople
w
as
much
furt
her
east
than R
om
e a
nd fi
rmly
in t
he e
ast
ern
em
pir
e.
This
left
the
west
ern
em
pir
e v
ery
vuln
era
ble
– t
hough t
he e
ast
ern
em
pir
e w
as
hard
ly f
ree f
rom
att
ack
s.
Year
8 H
ist
- O
verv
iew
Lesson
3 -
Th
e f
all o
f A
ncie
nt
Rom
e
Read
ing
Acti
vit
y
1.
What
do y
ou t
hin
k t
his
pie
ce o
f w
riti
ng is
about?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__2
.Is
it
desc
ripti
ve,
info
rmati
ve o
r pers
uasi
ve?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_3
.R
ead t
he p
iece
of
wri
ting a
nd c
ircl
e a
ny w
ord
s w
hose
meanin
g y
ou a
re n
ot
sure
of.
4.
Underl
ine t
he f
ollo
win
g w
ord
s: B
riti
sh,
Angle
s, S
axo
ns
and Jute
s, G
oth
s, V
andals
and H
uns,
Anglo
-Saxo
ns,
Hengis
t and H
ors
a,
Vik
ings
from
Denm
ark
, K
ing C
anute
, Engla
nd,
Norw
ay a
nd D
enm
ark
, H
aro
ld H
are
foot
and H
art
haca
nute
, Edw
ard
the
Confe
ssor
5.
Why w
as
Bri
tain
a g
ood p
lace
to liv
e?
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____
__
Bri
tain
an
d t
he e
nd
of
the R
om
an
Em
pir
eThe d
ecl
ine o
f R
om
e g
ave t
he A
ngle
s, S
axo
ns
and Jute
s th
eir
chance
at
Bri
tain
. To
th
em
Bri
tain
seem
ed a
ric
h a
nd e
asy
pri
ze.
There
were
pre
cious
obje
cts
and g
old
in
the v
illas
and t
ow
ns.
The fi
eld
s w
ere
fert
ile.
There
were
no h
igh m
ounta
ins
to c
ross
. The m
any r
ivers
gave e
asy
route
s in
land.
Push
ed b
y t
he G
oth
s, V
andals
and H
uns
the A
ngle
s, S
axo
ns
and Jute
s began t
o r
aid
th
e c
oast
s of
Engla
nd.
The B
riti
sh a
sked R
om
e f
or
help
in 4
10
AD
. The r
eply
cam
e
back
: 'L
ook t
o y
our
ow
n d
efe
nce
s'.
This
was
what
the B
riti
sh t
ried t
o d
o.
Short
of
sold
iers
, th
ey d
eci
ded t
o h
ire s
om
e
trib
es
of
Anglo
-Saxo
ns
to fi
ght
off
the o
thers
. In
42
8 A
D
the A
nglo
-Saxo
n c
hie
fs.
Hengis
t and H
ors
a.
arr
ived w
ith t
hre
e s
hip
loads
of
sold
iers
. O
nce
in E
ngla
nd.
the s
old
iers
and t
heir
Anglo
-Saxo
n c
hie
fs r
efu
sed t
o g
o
hom
e..
Som
eti
me in t
he 4
40
’s,
they d
em
anded m
ore
money,
and t
hen a
ttack
ed t
he
Bri
tish
. It
was
at
this
poin
t th
at
the A
nglo
-Saxo
ns
began t
o t
ake
over
and s
ett
le in
Engla
nd.
This
pro
cess
took
a long t
ime.
They s
poke
Anglis
h a
nd c
alle
d t
he c
ountr
y t
hey n
ow
liv
ed in A
ngla
nd.
These
word
s w
ould
beco
me t
he E
nglis
h a
nd E
ngla
nd w
e u
se t
oday.
Som
e o
f th
e R
om
an p
eople
w
ent
back
to R
om
e,
but
som
e o
f th
em
sta
yed a
nd learn
ed t
he n
ew
way o
f doin
g
thin
gs.
Aft
er
about
40
0 y
ears
, anoth
er
gro
up o
f people
sta
rted t
o a
ttack
Engla
nd.
This
was
the V
ikin
gs
from
Denm
ark
and N
orw
ay.
The V
ikin
gs
als
o a
ttack
ed A
nglo
-Saxo
ns
house
s, s
tealin
g v
alu
able
s and p
eople
, th
en g
oin
g h
om
e.
Soon t
hough,
the V
ikin
gs
began t
o s
top g
oin
g h
om
e a
nd s
tart
ed liv
ing in E
ngla
nd.
The V
ikin
gs
lived in t
he n
ort
h o
f Engla
nd a
nd c
alle
d t
his
part
of
Engla
nd:
the D
anela
w.
The A
ngle
s and t
he S
axo
ns
had t
o liv
e in t
he s
outh
of
Engla
nd.
Engla
nd w
ould
not
be t
ogeth
er
as
one c
ountr
y a
gain
unti
l K
ing C
anute
beca
me
kin
g in t
he y
ear
10
16
AD
. K
ing C
anute
was
king o
f Engla
nd,
Norw
ay a
nd D
enm
ark
and
was
very
pow
erf
ul. H
e w
as
a V
ikin
g b
ut
wante
d t
o b
e f
riends
wit
h t
he A
ngle
s and t
he
Saxo
ns,
so h
e m
ade a
set
of
law
s te
lling p
eople
how
to g
et
alo
ng.
When K
ing C
anute
die
d,
his
sons
Haro
ld H
are
foot
and H
art
haca
nute
beca
me k
ing.
Then w
hen t
hey d
ied E
dw
ard
the C
onfe
ssor
beca
me k
ing.
Year
8 H
ist
- O
verv
iew
Lesson
4 –
Jesu
s C
hri
st
Read
ing
Acti
vit
y
It d
oesn
’t m
att
er
if y
ou b
elie
ve o
r don’t
belie
ve
that
Jesu
s C
hri
st w
as
the s
on o
f G
od.
He w
as
a r
eal pers
on a
nd w
hat
he d
id in h
is life
is r
eco
rded.
He h
as
had a
huge
influence
on h
um
an h
isto
ry.
In t
he M
edie
val peri
od C
hri
stia
nit
y a
nd t
he c
hurc
h
contr
olle
d p
eople
’s liv
es.
Now
adays
in A
ust
ralia
a lot
of
our
inst
ituti
ons
are
founded
on C
hri
stia
nit
y a
nd in o
ur
litera
ture
there
is
a lot
of
Chri
stia
n s
ym
bolis
m.
It is
import
ant
that
you h
ave s
om
e b
ack
gro
und k
now
ledge o
f Je
sus
Chri
st a
nd t
he s
tori
es
of
the N
ew
and O
ld t
est
am
ents
. Yo
u w
ill a
lso b
e learn
ing a
bout
Moham
mad w
ho
founded Isl
am
the r
elig
ion o
f th
e M
usl
ims.
He t
oo h
as
had a
huge influence
on t
he
worl
d.
It is
inte
rest
ing t
o n
ote
that
both
were
men o
f hum
ble
ori
gin
s w
ho p
reach
ed a
re
ligio
n o
f lo
ve,
chari
ty a
nd t
ole
rance
.
Num
ber
the f
ollo
win
g into
chro
nolo
gic
al ord
er.
__
____
____
_At
aged 3
3 Jesu
s w
as
cruci
fied –
the Jew
s had c
onvin
ced t
he R
om
ans
that
he w
as
a t
hre
at
to p
eace
and s
tabili
ty.
Jesu
s w
as
cruci
fied o
n c
ross
as
a r
ebel
leader.
He h
ad t
o d
rag h
is c
ross
thro
ugh t
he s
treets
. 3
days
late
r his
tom
b w
as
em
pty
wit
h t
here
were
rum
ours
of
Resu
rrect
ion (
risi
ng f
rom
the d
ead)
and
sighti
ngs.
__
____
____
Jesu
s ente
red Jeru
sale
m o
n a
donke
y &
people
waved p
alm
leaves,
ch
eeri
ng t
heir
Mess
iah.
The M
ess
iah w
as
pro
phesi
sed in
Jew
ish h
isto
ry t
o b
e t
he
one G
od w
ould
send t
o s
ave t
he p
eople
. H
e h
ad a
last
supper
wit
h h
is d
isci
ple
s w
here
he s
aid
“ t
his
bre
ad is
my b
ody a
nd t
his
win
e is
my b
lood.
The c
up h
e
use
d is
suppose
d t
o b
e t
he H
oly
Gra
il. B
ut
the c
hie
f Je
ws
were
plo
ttin
g a
gain
st
him
and h
e w
as
arr
est
ed a
t daw
n &
put
on t
rial.
Judas,
one o
f th
e d
isci
ple
s
betr
ayed h
im f
or
30
pie
ces
of
gold
__
____
___
Jesu
s w
as
a m
an b
orn
in Judea –
part
of
the R
om
an E
mpir
e.
It w
as
said
th
at
his
moth
er
was
a v
irgin
calle
d M
ary
who G
od m
ade p
regnant.
Mary
and h
er
husb
and Jose
ph h
ad t
ravelle
d t
o B
eth
lehem
in Judea w
here
she g
ave b
irth
in a
st
able
. Je
sus
was
rais
ed a
devout
Jew
. H
e b
eca
me a
carp
ente
r.
__
____
___
Aged 3
0 h
e m
oved a
way &
chose
12
men a
s dis
ciple
s.
He s
pent
3
years
teach
ing p
eople
about
God.
This
peri
od o
f ti
me is
calle
d h
is ‘
min
istr
y’
– a
tim
e w
hen h
e ‘
serv
ed’
and c
are
d f
or
people
. It
is s
aid
that
Jesu
s w
as
a h
eale
r &
th
e m
iracl
e s
tori
es
were
wri
tten t
o s
how
that
he w
as
speci
al. T
hese
sto
ries
incl
uded h
im c
uri
ng p
eople
of
dis
ease
s lik
e lepro
sy,
rais
ing a
pers
on f
rom
the
dead,
walk
ing o
n w
ate
r and t
urn
ing fi
ve fi
shes
into
a f
east
that
fed h
undre
ds
of
people
.
Year
8 H
ist
- O
verv
iew
Lesson
5 –
Isla
m R
ead
ing
Acti
vit
y
1.
What
do y
ou t
hin
k t
his
pie
ce o
f w
riti
ng is
about?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__2
.Is
it
desc
ripti
ve,
info
rmati
ve o
r pers
uasi
ve?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_3
.R
ead t
he p
iece
of
wri
ting a
nd c
ircl
e a
ny w
ord
s w
hose
meanin
g y
ou a
re n
ot
sure
of.
4.
Underl
ine t
he f
ollo
win
g w
ord
s: A
llah.,
Dark
Ages,
dis
ciplin
es,
m
edie
val,
Muham
mad,
pro
found,
Qu’r
an,
Sunni and S
hiit
e5
.W
hat
is t
he c
ore
teach
ing o
f Is
lam
? __
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_6
.W
hat
are
the legaci
es
of
the M
edie
val Is
lam
ic E
mpir
e?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_y.
How
did
Indonesi
a b
eco
me M
usl
im?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
At
a t
ime w
hen m
ost
Euro
peans
belie
ved t
hat
illness
was
cause
d b
y b
ad s
mells
or
evil
spir
its,
medie
val M
usl
ims
were
develo
pin
g h
osp
itals
and s
urg
ical in
stru
ments
.
The Isl
am
ic E
mpir
e w
as
one o
f th
e larg
est
and m
ost
influenti
al em
pir
es
in h
isto
ry.
They r
ule
d f
rom
Asi
a t
o S
pain
and N
ort
h A
fric
a a
s w
ell
as
Cypru
s and t
he N
ear
East
.
Duri
ng t
he p
eak
of
Isla
m's
rule
, w
hen E
uro
pe w
as
in t
he D
ark
Ages,
the s
cience
s of
math
em
ati
cs,
alg
ebra
, ast
ronom
y,
medic
ine,
physi
cs a
nd o
ther
dis
ciplin
es
were
develo
ped a
nd a
re s
till
in u
se t
oday b
ase
d o
n t
he p
rinci
ple
s of
the e
arl
y M
usl
im
schola
rs.
Isla
m o
rigin
ate
d a
round 6
00
AD
in t
he C
entr
al A
sian A
rabia
n d
ese
rt a
nd
soon s
pre
ad t
o e
ast
Asi
a,
Centr
al Euro
pe a
nd N
ort
h A
fric
a.
The r
elig
ion s
tart
ed w
ith
the t
each
ings
of
Pro
phet
Muham
mad w
ho is
consi
dere
d t
o b
e t
he m
ess
enger
of
the
one a
nd o
nly
, fo
rmle
ss,
all-
pow
erf
ul G
od,
Alla
h.
Isla
m s
pre
ad r
apid
ly f
rom
the A
rabia
n p
enin
sula
in less
than 3
0 y
ears
. The P
ers
ian
and R
om
an E
mpir
es
were
defe
ate
d b
y t
he m
uch
less
equip
ped a
nd o
ut-
num
bere
d
Musl
im a
rmie
s. O
ver
the n
ext
severa
l ce
ntu
ries,
Isl
am
reach
ed a
s fa
r as
India
in t
he
east
, and t
o S
pain
in t
he w
est
. The s
pre
ad c
onti
nued t
hro
ugh t
raders
to s
outh
east
A
sia,
where
for
exam
ple
, In
donesi
a,
today's
larg
est
Musl
im c
ountr
y,
rece
ived t
he
mess
age o
f Is
lam
thro
ugh A
rab t
raders
.
The a
rriv
al of
Isla
m b
rought
the m
ost
pro
found r
elig
ious
changes
to t
he w
orl
d
duri
ng t
he M
edie
val Pe
riod.
Isla
m w
as
founded b
y t
he P
rophet
Moham
mad In 6
22
cE,
and p
eople
who f
ollo
w t
he f
ait
h o
f Is
lam
are
calle
d M
usl
ims.
Moham
mad's
teach
ings
and r
evela
tions
were
wri
tten d
ow
n in t
he M
usl
im h
oly
book,
the Q
u’r
an
Isla
m's
core
teach
ing is
subm
issi
on t
o t
he w
ill o
f G
od.
Isla
m s
plit
into
tw
o f
act
ions,
Sunni and S
hiit
e,
in t
he e
arl
y 6
60
s C
E.
Most
Musl
ims
belo
ng t
o t
he S
unni denom
inati
on.
Sufism
was
a m
ovem
ent
wit
hin
Isl
am
that
was
popula
r duri
ng t
he M
edie
val Pe
riod.
Sufis
aim
ed t
o d
raw
clo
ser
to G
od t
hro
ugh g
ood
deeds
and a
life o
f se
lf-d
isci
plin
e.
Year
8 H
ist
- O
verv
iew
Lesson
6 –
Th
e C
rusad
es R
ead
ing
Acti
vit
yW
hat
was t
he C
rusad
es?
The C
____
____
_ w
ere
a s
eri
es
of
____
___
where
Chri
stia
ns
and M
usl
ims
fought
to c
ontr
ol
the H
oly
Land.
J___
____
___
is a
holy
pla
ce f
or
Chri
stia
ns
beca
use
many im
port
ant
events
in
the life o
f __
____
___
happened t
here
. It
is
holy
to t
he M
usl
im r
elig
ion,
____
____
_, t
oo.
Musl
ims
belie
ve t
heir
pro
phet,
Moham
med,
vis
ited H
eaven f
rom
there
. Je
rusa
lem
and
the s
urr
oundin
g a
rea (
what
we c
all
modern
day Isr
ael)
was
know
n a
s th
e _
____
_ La
nd.
The c
rusa
des
dra
gged o
n a
nd o
ff f
or
about
severa
l __
____
years
. Englis
h k
nig
hts
and
sold
iers
main
ly f
ought
in w
hat
is k
now
n a
s th
e T
hir
d C
rusa
de b
etw
een t
he y
ears
11
89
and 1
19
2 u
nder
the k
ing,
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
.
Cru
sades,
Holy
, hundre
ds,
Is
lam
, Je
rusa
lem
, Je
sus,
Ric
hard
the L
ionheart
, w
ars
W
ho w
en
t on
th
e C
rusad
es?
•Lo
ts o
f people
fro
m a
cross
Euro
pe w
ent
on t
he C
rusa
des.
The m
ost
fam
ous
Englis
h p
ers
on w
as
Kin
g R
ich
ard
I (
the ‘
Lionheart
’).
An im
port
ant
Wels
h m
an
was
Gera
ld o
f W
ale
s,
he c
onvin
ced p
eople
to g
o o
n c
rusa
de.
•
Diff
ere
nt
types
of
people
went,
kn
igh
ts,
poor
peop
le,
ch
urc
hm
en
, ri
ch
p
eop
le,
wom
en
, even c
hild
ren
(in
fact
a g
roup o
f ch
ildre
n w
ent
on a
Cru
sade a
ll by t
hem
selv
es
in 1
21
2).
Why d
o y
ou t
hin
k th
ey m
ight
have g
one o
n a
holy
cru
sade?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
Jers
ale
m w
as
import
ant
to 3
gro
ups
of
people
and t
hey f
ought
to g
ain
acc
ess
and
contr
ol of
Jeru
sale
m.
This
batt
le c
onti
nues
today!
Wh
y is J
eru
sale
m im
port
an
t to
3 r
elig
ion
s?
•Is
lam
– Jeru
sale
m is
the h
om
e o
f a v
ery
im
port
ant
mosq
ue (
a M
uslim
pla
ce o
f w
ors
hip
).
It is
where
the f
ounder
of
the f
ait
h,
the P
rophet
Muham
mad s
tayed.
M
usl
ims
belie
ve in t
he t
each
ing o
f th
e P
rophet
Muham
mad a
nd r
ead t
he K
ora
n.
•C
hri
sti
an
ity
– T
he h
ill o
f C
alv
ary
in Jeru
sale
m w
as
the p
lace
where
Jesu
s C
hri
st
die
d.
Fro
m t
he f
ourt
h c
entu
ry,
Chri
stia
n p
ilgri
ms
from
all
over
the w
orl
d c
am
e t
o
vis
it Jeru
sale
m.
Ch
risti
an
s b
elie
ve t
hat
Jesu
s C
hri
st is
the s
on o
f G
od.
They r
ead
the B
ible
.•
Jud
ais
m –
In A
D 7
0,
the R
om
ans
dest
royed t
he m
ost
im
port
ant
tem
ple
of
the
Jew
ish f
ait
h t
hat
had b
een b
uilt
by K
ing D
avid
. B
ut
Jeru
sale
m is
still
one o
f th
e
holie
st c
itie
s fo
r Je
wis
h p
eop
le.
Jew
ish p
eople
belie
ve in o
ne G
od a
nd r
ead t
he
Tenakh
.
All
3 r
elig
ions
belie
ve t
hat
they a
re t
he t
ruth
. H
ow
ever
all
3 b
elie
ve in t
he s
am
e
pow
erf
ul G
od.
They a
ll ack
now
ledge t
hey b
elie
ve in t
he s
am
e g
od.
The d
iffere
nce
is
that
Judais
m a
nd M
usl
ims
don’t
belie
ve t
hat
Jesu
s is
the s
on o
f G
od lik
e t
he C
hri
stia
ns
do.
Musl
ims
belie
ve t
hat
the p
rophets
of
the Jew
s and Jesu
s w
ere
all
true p
rophets
of
G
od b
ut
Moham
ad is
his
final m
ess
enger.
The Jew
s belie
ve t
hat
the s
on o
f god is
yet
to
appear
and t
hey a
re G
od’s
chose
n p
eople
. It
all
com
es
dow
n t
o a
quest
ion o
f fa
ith,
that
is w
hat
you b
elie
ve.
Year
8 H
ist
- O
verv
iew
Lesson
7 –
Th
e A
ge o
f Exp
lora
tion
Read
ing
Acti
vit
y
1.
What
do y
ou t
hin
k t
his
pie
ce o
f w
riti
ng is
about?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
2.
Is it
desc
ripti
ve,
info
rmati
ve o
r pers
uasi
ve?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
3.
Read t
he p
iece
of
wri
ting a
nd c
ircl
e a
ny w
ord
s w
hose
meanin
g y
ou a
re n
ot
sure
of.
4.
Underl
ine t
he f
ollo
win
g w
ord
s: S
ilk R
oad,
tra
de
5.
What
were
the a
dvanta
ges
of
the A
ge o
f Explo
rati
on?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
6.
What
were
the d
isadvanta
ges
of
the A
ge o
f Explo
rati
on?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
Corr
ect
the t
ense
s.
Num
ero
us
trade r
oute
s w
ere
/was
spre
ad a
cross
Afr
o-E
ura
sia.
The n
etw
ork
of
route
s know
n a
s th
e S
ilk R
oad is/
are
perh
aps
the m
ost
fam
ous
of
these
/those
. The S
ilk R
oad
has/
had o
pera
ted b
etw
een A
sia a
nd E
uro
pe s
ince
anci
ent
tim
es.
Desp
ite t
he n
am
e,
silk
w
as/
were
not
the o
nly
pro
duct
to b
e t
raded-s
pic
es,
tea,
salt
, iv
ory
, ce
ram
ics,
sla
ves
and p
reci
ous
gem
s w
as/
were
bro
ught
acr
oss
the v
ast
dis
tance
s to
and f
rom
the
mark
ets
of
Chang'a
n (
now
Xia
n),
Baghdad,
Cair
o a
nd C
onst
anti
nople
(now
Ist
anbul)
. The S
ilk R
oad h
ad/h
as
been in d
ecl
ine s
ince
the e
arl
y 8
00
s C
E,
due t
o t
he g
row
th o
f th
e Isl
am
ic E
mpir
es,
that/
whic
h d
isru
pte
d t
rade b
etw
een A
sia a
nd t
he M
edit
err
anean.
How
ever,
in t
he 1
3th
centu
ry t
he e
xpansi
on o
f th
e M
ongol Em
pir
e a
cross
Asi
a,
the
Mid
dle
East
and E
ast
ern
Euro
pe a
llow
s/allo
wed t
rade t
o t
hri
ve a
cross
Afr
o-
Eura
sia.
The E
uro
pean t
radin
g p
ort
s /b
ought/
bro
ught
a g
reat
deal of
wealt
h t
o E
uro
pe,
while
se
a t
ravel le
d/lead t
o t
he d
isco
very
of
unch
art
ed lands,
incl
udin
g t
he A
meri
cas.
In
addit
ion t
o t
he t
radin
g p
ort
s, E
uro
peans
soon e
stablis
hed c
olo
nie
s th
roughout
Afr
ica,
Asi
a a
nd t
he A
meri
cas.
In s
om
e o
f th
eir
colo
nie
s, t
hey c
reate
s/cr
eate
d h
uge
pla
nta
tions
of
tea,
coff
ee,
sugar
and t
obacc
o.
They a
lso h
arv
est
/harv
est
ed t
he n
atu
ral
reso
urc
es
of
their
colo
nie
s, incl
udin
g t
imber
and p
reci
ous
min
era
ls.
For
many o
f th
e
people
s of
Afr
ica,
Asi
a a
nd t
he A
meri
cas,
the a
rriv
ing/a
rriv
al and s
ett
lem
ent
of
Euro
peans
resu
lted in loss
of
land,
loss
of
self-g
overn
ment,
eco
nom
ic r
uin
and s
lavery
In
dig
enous
people
s, s
uch
as
those
of
the A
meri
cas,
face
d t
he a
ddit
ional blig
ht
of
Euro
pean d
isease
s, a
gain
st w
hic
h t
hey h
ad n
o im
munit
y
Year
8 H
ist
- O
verv
iew
Lesson
8 -
All y
ou
need
to d
o is r
ead
! Th
en
we c
an
w
atc
h s
om
e Y
ou
tub
e a
bou
t it
all!!
Th
e P
rin
tin
g P
ress
In1
43
6 C
E,
Germ
an Johannes
Gute
nberg
invente
d a
mech
anis
ed p
rinti
ng
pre
ss w
ith m
oveable
meta
l le
tters
. H
e u
sed t
his
to p
rint
Lati
n t
extb
ooks
and leaflets
about
polit
ical and r
elig
ious
ideas.
In 1
45
5 c
e,
Gute
nberg
pro
duce
d h
is m
ost
fam
ous
book-t
he G
ute
nberg
Bib
le.
Gute
nberg
was
able
to s
ell
the B
ible
s fo
r 3
0 fl
ori
ns-
rath
er
expensi
ve f
or
the t
imes,
but
still
much
cheaper
than a
hand c
opie
d B
ible
, w
hic
h w
as
the o
nly
oth
er
type o
f B
ible
availa
ble
in t
hose
days.
A
t firs
t, o
nly
wealt
hy p
eople
could
aff
ord
to b
uy t
he G
ute
nberg
Bib
le,
but
eventu
ally
a p
rinte
d B
ible
would
be w
ithin
the m
eans
of
alm
ost
every
one.
Gute
nberg
's
pri
nti
ng p
ress
was
pro
bably
the m
ost
sig
nifi
cant
inventi
on o
f th
e M
edie
val A
ge.
It
ush
ere
d in a
new
age-t
he E
arl
y M
odern
Peri
od (
c.1
45
0-A
50
cs).
The E
arl
y M
odern
Pe
riod is
know
n f
or
the e
merg
ence
of
new
ideas
about
art
, sc
ience
and p
hilo
sophy.
A
ll of
these
new
ideas
beca
me w
idesp
read a
cross
Euro
pe,
thanks
to t
he p
rinti
ng p
ress
.Th
e R
en
ais
san
ce
The R
enais
sance
was
a c
ult
ura
l m
ovem
ent
in E
uro
pe last
ing f
rom
the 1
5th
to
the 1
7th
centu
ries.
The e
xpansi
on o
f tr
ade w
ith A
rabic
, A
sian a
nd A
fric
an
merc
hants
, new
sci
enti
fic
dis
coveri
es,
explo
rati
on b
y s
ea a
nd t
he g
row
th o
f univ
ers
itie
s in
the M
edie
val Pe
riod insp
ired a
new
appro
ach
to a
rt a
nd a
rchit
ect
ure
. It
w
as
not
so m
uch
a ‘
bre
ak‘
wit
h t
he M
edie
val Pe
riod a
s it
was
a fl
ow
eri
ng o
f m
edie
val
cult
ure
. A
rtis
ts b
egan t
o d
evelo
p p
ers
pect
ive in p
ain
ting s
o t
hat
flat
images
looke
d a
s if t
hey w
ere
thre
e d
imensi
onal; a
rchit
ect
s st
art
ed t
o e
xperi
ment
wit
h t
he f
orm
s of
Anci
ent
Gre
ece
and R
om
e in t
heir
build
ing d
esi
gns;
and p
hilo
sophers
develo
ped t
he
idea o
f hum
anis
m,
whic
h e
nco
ura
ged p
eople
to b
elie
ve t
hat
they w
ere
indiv
iduals
wit
h
the p
ote
nti
al to
be c
reati
ve.
Th
e S
cie
nti
fic R
evolu
tion
Tow
ard
s th
e e
nd o
f th
e fi
fteenth
centu
ry,
scie
nti
fic
meth
od b
egan t
o b
reak
aw
ay f
rom
the o
lder
scie
nti
fic
tradit
ions
est
ablis
hed b
y A
nci
ent
Gre
ek
and A
rab
schola
rs,
in f
avour
of
obse
rvati
on a
nd e
xperi
menta
tion t
o p
rove s
cienti
fic
theori
es.
W
ithin
a f
ew
hundre
d y
ears
, sc
ienti
sts'
know
ledge o
f ast
ronom
y,
bio
logy c
hem
istr
y
and p
hysi
cs h
ad c
hanged d
ram
ati
cally
. N
ew
sci
enti
fic
dis
coveri
es
incl
uded t
he u
nders
tandin
g t
hat
the E
art
h
revolv
ed a
round t
he S
un r
ath
er
than t
he o
ther
way a
round,
that
matt
er
was
com
pose
d
of
tiny a
tom
s and t
hat
gra
vit
y w
as
a c
onst
ant.
While
som
e h
isto
rians
desc
ribe t
he
changes
in s
cienti
fic
meth
od a
s a 're
volu
tion,
it w
as
act
ually
a m
ore
gra
dual advance
th
at
was
built
on c
entu
ries
of
medie
val sc
ience
.Th
e E
nlig
hte
nm
en
tThe E
nlig
hte
nm
ent
was
an im
port
ant
philo
sophic
al m
ovem
ent
in t
he E
arl
y M
odern
Pe
riod.
Acc
ord
ing t
o E
nlig
hte
nm
ent
thought,
reaso
n a
nd s
cience
(ra
ther
than t
radit
ion
or
relig
ion)
should
be t
he b
asi
s fo
r m
akin
g d
eci
sions.
The E
nlig
hte
nm
ent
als
o
intr
oduce
d n
ew
ideas
about
freedom
and h
um
an r
ights
som
e o
f w
hic
h h
ad b
een s
low
ly
develo
pin
g s
ince
the late
Medie
val Pe
riod.
These
fre
edom
s and r
ights
were
seen a
s in
alie
nable
, or
abso
lute
, and w
ere
to b
e a
vaila
ble
to a
ll people
, re
gard
less
of
the s
oci
al
class
into
whic
h a
pers
on h
ad b
een b
orn
. In
theory
at
least
, th
e life o
f a p
easa
nt
was
wort
h t
he s
am
e a
s th
at
of
a k
ing.
Th
at
all s
ou
nd
really g
ood
. H
um
an
s w
ere
bein
g p
rett
y t
err
ific w
ere
th
ey n
ot?
