Year 8 Practice Questions for Summative Assessment.

NAME:....................................................... Earthquakes and Volcanoes

1. (a) The diagram below shows a simple cross section of the Earth.

Complete the labels.

(4)

(b) Name an earthquake you have studied:

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(i) Describe the causes of your chosen earthquake.

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(ii) In which ways did people respond to the earthquake?

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2.

(a) On the above diagram of a destructive plate boundary, mark and label the

following:

(i) oceanic plate

(ii) continental plate

(iii) volcano

(iv) where an earthquake may occur

(4)

(b) Add arrows to the diagram to show the direction in which the two plates are moving.

(2)

(c) Look at the diagram below showing the focus and epicentre of an earthquake and the surrounding areas.

(i) Why is it likely that shaking will be stronger at A than at B?

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(ii) Will the damage be greater at A or at B?

Explain your answer.

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Look at the following Prezi presentation on the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens:-

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&u

act=8&ved=0ahUKEwjFrtn3m4TUAhWCJMAKHZItD84QFgghMAA&url=https%3A%

2F%2Fprezi.com%2Fd3djmojk-qav%2Fmount-st-helens%2F&usg=AFQjCNE9DoSc

02msw9szHj0uguP_yJ2q5A

3. (i)Name and locate a major volcanic eruption you have studied.

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(ii) In the space below draw the internal structure of a typical composite

volcano (steep with layers of ash and lava). Add the following labels:

Magma Chamber, Conduit (main vent), crater, parasitic cone, lava flow,

ash cloud, layers of ash and lava, crust, lahar and volcanic bombs.

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(iii) Explain what the following volcano related terms mean:-

Lahar

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Pyroclastic Flow

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(iv) For your chosen case study, outline the short term and long term

impacts (effects) of the volcanic eruption.

Short term

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Long term

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(v) How did people and the authorities (both local and national) prepare

in the run up to the eruption?

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(vi) How did people and the authorities (both local and national) respond

to the actual eruption?

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4. Study the information below.

Mount Kelud, a volcano in Indonesia, erupted in 2014. It threw huge amounts of ash

over a large area, including the city of Surabaya.

(i) On which island is Mount Kelud?

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(1)

(ii) Give the compass direction from Mount Kelud to the city of Surabaya.

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(iii) Give the distance in kilometres from Mount Kelud to the capital city,

Jakarta. Underline the correct answer below.

450 km 550 km 650 km 750 km

(1)

(iv) Complete the box below to give the latitude and longitude of Mount

Kelud.

Latitude Longitude

Mount Kelud 113° East

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(b) Suggest how the ash from this eruption caused a hazard for people

in Surabaya.

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(c) Describe two ways scientists can monitor the activity of a volcano.

Way 1 ........................................................................................

Description

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Way 2 ........................................................................................

Description

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(d) Describe ways in which the effects of earthquakes can be reduced.

Use one or more examples to help your answer (you will have to

research this one).

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5. Study the map below.

a. Describe the distribution of volcanoes in New Zealand.

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b. Read the passage below.

Ruapehu is the largest active volcano in New Zealand. It is a stratovolcano made of successive layers of lava and ash deposits. Fine ash to volcanic bombs are produced in every eruption. The crater lake causes magma to cool quickly and explode violently, leading to fine ash eruptions.There are also frequent lahars

produced during eruptions, which flowrapidly down the slopes of the volcano.

Identify one volcanic hazard in the passage above and explain why it is a danger to people and property. ………………………………………………………………………………

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(5 marks)

c.Using the words from the wordbox below, complete the following

passage:-

The active volcanoes in New Zealand are part of a long line of volcanic

eruptions known as the ……………………………………….... In the North

Island the Pacific plate is being pushed under the Australian plate. This

boundary is called a ……………………… boundary.

Ring of fire Pacific Ocean conservative destructive Atlantic Ocean

6. Name a tectonic event (earthquake or volcanic eruption) you have

studied in detail.

named event:

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(i) Explain the causes of this tectonic event.

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(ii) Give one physical and one human impact.

physical impact:

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human impact:

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(iii) In your opinion, how helpful was the emergency response to your

chosen tectonic hazard?

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7. Look at the map of Iceland below.

(i) What type of boundary is being shown here?

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(ii) In the space below, add annotations and additional arrows to the

diagram to explain how volcanoes (like Krafia - shown on the map) are

formed on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

(4 marks)

(iii) In your opinion, why do volcanoes on destructive plate

boundaries often cause more damage than those on constructive

plate boundaries?

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(5)

(iv) Why do earthquakes and volcanic eruptions affect people more

in LEDCs (Lower Economically Developed Countries) compared to

MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries)?

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(5) Coasts

(a) Describe the difference between the terms weathering and erosion.

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(b) Look at the pictures below

Which type of weathering is represented by each picture?

(i) X: ......................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) Y: ......................................................................................................... (1)

(iii) Z: ......................................................................................................... (1)

(c) Explain why you are more likely to find weathering Y in urban areas. .................................................................................................................................

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(C) Use the box below to draw an annotated diagram showing how

longshore drift works. (5)

(d) Study the photograph below which shows a rock groyne at Hastings, East Sussex.

(i) Describe how this structure affects longshore drift.

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(ii) Why are these structures placed along coastlines in certain places?

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(e) In the box below, draw an annotated diagram to show the sequence

of Cave, Arch, Stack and Stump formation.

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(f) Coastal management can be divided between Hard Engineering

approaches and Soft engineering approaches. List as many of these as

you can in the table below.

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Hard Engineering Coastal Defences

Soft Engineering Coastal Defences

(g) Can you remember the coastal defences used at

Walton-on-the-Naze? List four below:- (4)

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(f) You did some group work on Coastal Management and protecting the

north part of the Naze. Can you remember the main points of your

proposal to protect the north part of the Naze? Outline your proposal to

protect the north part of the Naze again - annotate the map below. (10)

Rivers

Read the following news article on the 2011 Brisbane Floods.

Havoc as flood peak hits Brisbane Thousands of people were forced to evacuate their properties as the Brisbane River hit the first of two predicted major flood peaks in the Queensland capital this afternoon.

December 2010 was Queensland’s wettest on record. Tropical Cyclone Tasha has brought further heavy rainfall.

Homes and businesses were inundated in more than 30 suburbs as the river, swollen by water being discharged from the overloaded Wivenhoe Dam, reached 4.2 metres and rising.

The surging waters are expected to reach around 5.5 metres. It is expected that 20,000 homes in the city will be flooded.

Adapted from ABC News, January 12, 2011

(a) Identify two natural causes of the 2011 Brisbane Floods.

1:

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2:

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(b) Identify two human causes of the 2011 Brisbane Floods.

1:

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2:

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(c) Major floods can cause deaths, injury and damage to property and

businesses; however, some floods can be beneficial.

Give one benefit which floods can bring to people and the environment.

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(d) How might a country reduce the impacts of flooding?

Explain two separate methods.

method 1:

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method 2:

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(3)

2. (a) Complete the table of river processes by choosing the correct

words from below.

traction attrition corrasion suspension saltation depositionsolution hydraulic action

Look at the simple drawing of a meander below.

(b) Draw a simple cross section in the box below. Annotate to explain

how a meander forms.

The photograph below shows a waterfall in Iceland

(i) Name and explain the processes of erosion involved in the formation

of a waterfall.

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(ii) Explain how a waterfall can form a Gorge over time.

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