YEARS OF CRISISYEARS OF CRISISNo battles fought on No battles fought on US soilUS soil

““Roaring 20’s”Roaring 20’s”Brief ProsperityBrief Prosperity

““Roaring 20’s”Roaring 20’s”Plenty of MoneyPlenty of MoneyFun, Jobs, & PartiesFun, Jobs, & PartiesFirst fears of First fears of Communism ariseCommunism arise

DepressionDepression““BLACK TUESDAY”BLACK TUESDAY”

• October 29, 1929October 29, 1929• US Stock Market CrashesUS Stock Market Crashes

Start of Great DepressionStart of Great Depression1 out of every 4 Americans was 1 out of every 4 Americans was

jobless (by 1933 13 million)jobless (by 1933 13 million)Unemployment rose 800%Unemployment rose 800%

F.D.R.F.D.R.Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt elected President in 1932elected President in 1932

New Deal PoliciesNew Deal PoliciesCreation of Jobs Creation of Jobs TVA, Built roads, Etc..TVA, Built roads, Etc..

Fear of another Fear of another World War and it’s World War and it’s effects caused effects caused most Americans to most Americans to want to remain want to remain isolatedisolated

Great BritainGreat BritainEconomic DifficultiesEconomic DifficultiesGeneral Strike in 1926General Strike in 1926

Started by the coal miners, by Started by the coal miners, by May 4 all walk off of their jobsMay 4 all walk off of their jobs

Strike fails—Parliament passes Strike fails—Parliament passes law making general strikes illegallaw making general strikes illegal

Labor PartyLabor PartyBrought about by Failure of Brought about by Failure of

General StrikeGeneral StrikeSocialist ideas and Socialist ideas and

politicians begin to rise in politicians begin to rise in powerpower

Causes a greater fear in the Causes a greater fear in the free world free world

IrelandIrelandDemands for a free Demands for a free statestate

Despite Despite independence for independence for Southern Ireland.Southern Ireland.

FranceFranceStruggles after Struggles after devastation of WWI devastation of WWI

HALF OF THE MALES HALF OF THE MALES BETWEEN AGES 18-32 BETWEEN AGES 18-32 WERE KILLED IN WWIWERE KILLED IN WWI

FranceFranceEconomy sufferingEconomy sufferingLeads to the rise of Leads to the rise of Socialist PartySocialist Party

Leon Blum a socialist Leon Blum a socialist become Prime Minister become Prime Minister in 1934in 1934

TotalitarianismTotalitarianismIdea that a Idea that a dictatorial dictatorial government should government should control all aspects of control all aspects of citizens’ lives. citizens’ lives.

ItalyItalyBenito MussoliniBenito Mussolini1919 Formed Fascist 1919 Formed Fascist

PartyPartyFascism—glorification of Fascism—glorification of the state with a strong the state with a strong ruler and aggressive ruler and aggressive nationalism.nationalism.

ItalyItalyUnrest spreads to all Unrest spreads to all areas of Italyareas of Italy

People fear a People fear a Communist RevolutionCommunist Revolution

MussoliniMussoliniMussolini’s Army “Black Mussolini’s Army “Black

Shirts”: Brutal Tactics to Shirts”: Brutal Tactics to gain and hold supportgain and hold support

Mussolini wins electionMussolini wins electionDue mainly to FEARDue mainly to FEAR

ItalyItaly Mussolini becomes “IL Duce” (the Mussolini becomes “IL Duce” (the

leader).leader). Bans all non-fascists parties and Bans all non-fascists parties and

orders syndicates to be formedorders syndicates to be formed **Many Italians opposed the **Many Italians opposed the

Fascist System**Fascist System** ““RECAPTURE THE GREATNESS RECAPTURE THE GREATNESS

OF ROME”OF ROME”

GermanyGermanyWeimar Republic: Weimar Republic: 1919-19331919-1933Many Germans felt that the Many Germans felt that the

Weimer had betrayed them by Weimer had betrayed them by signing the Treaty of Versaillessigning the Treaty of Versailles

Reparations to France 35 Reparations to France 35 Billion DollarsBillion Dollars

France takes the Ruhr France takes the Ruhr industrial valley as paymentindustrial valley as payment

GermanyGermanyHigh InflationHigh Inflation

1923-4 trillion marks =1 US 1923-4 trillion marks =1 US Dollar, before war 4=1Dollar, before war 4=1

French leave Ruhr & US loans $French leave Ruhr & US loans $The Nazi Party formed to offer The Nazi Party formed to offer

new ideas.new ideas.NATIONAL SOCIALIST NATIONAL SOCIALIST

WORKERS PARTYWORKERS PARTY

GermanyGermanyAdolf HitlerAdolf HitlerWWI veteran WWI veteran ““Brown Shirts”Brown Shirts”

Formed by Hitler Formed by Hitler Private army of young Private army of young

veterans and street thugs.veterans and street thugs.

HitlerHitlerHe is arrested in 1923 He is arrested in 1923 for attempting to start for attempting to start a revolution.a revolution.

While in prison, he While in prison, he writes writes MeinMein KampfKampf

HitlerHitlerMeinMein KampfKampf (my struggle)(my struggle)

Blamed the Jews and Blamed the Jews and Communists for Communists for Germany losing WWI.Germany losing WWI.

Roots of the HolocaustRoots of the Holocaust

Hitler and PoliticsHitler and PoliticsThe National Socialist Workers The National Socialist Workers

Party (Nazi) begin to win new Party (Nazi) begin to win new votersvoters

Hitler is elected to the Hitler is elected to the legislaturelegislature

Uses fear of Communism to get Uses fear of Communism to get electedelected

Hitler’s power growsHitler’s power grows

Hitler becomes more Hitler becomes more powerful as his propaganda powerful as his propaganda machine puts out more & machine puts out more & more informationmore information

He starts rumors about a He starts rumors about a communist revolutioncommunist revolution

HitlerHitlerHitler is given emergency Hitler is given emergency powers to deal with the powers to deal with the communist threat.communist threat.

Hitler takes total control and Hitler takes total control and forms the Third Reich.1000 forms the Third Reich.1000 YEARSYEARS

HitlerHitlerDER FUHRER: HITLER DER FUHRER: HITLER

CONTROLS EVERYTHINGCONTROLS EVERYTHING Art, music, science, Art, music, science, etc……etc……

POWER OF PROPAGANDA ON THE POWER OF PROPAGANDA ON THE YOUTH OF GERMANYYOUTH OF GERMANY

CominternComintern

In 1919, communist leaders In 1919, communist leaders form the Comintern to help form the Comintern to help spread communism spread communism throughout the worldthroughout the world

RussiaRussiaLenin in power Russia: 1921-Lenin in power Russia: 1921-

19241924Rebuilds Russian EconomyRebuilds Russian EconomyNew Economic Policy NEPNew Economic Policy NEPHEAVY INDUSTRYHEAVY INDUSTRY1922 Russia becomes the 1922 Russia becomes the

Union of Soviet Socialist Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSRRepublics USSR

VLADIMIR LENINVLADIMIR LENIN

After LeninAfter LeninLeon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin

battle for leadership after the battle for leadership after the death of Lenindeath of Lenin

Stalin wins and Trotsky flees Stalin wins and Trotsky flees the countrythe country

Trotsky is assassinated in Trotsky is assassinated in MexicoMexico

Stalin Rules Stalin Rules

UNDER COMMUNISM THE UNDER COMMUNISM THE SOVIET UNION BECOMES SOVIET UNION BECOMES AN INDUSTRIAL LEADERAN INDUSTRIAL LEADER

LIFE FOR THE SOVIET LIFE FOR THE SOVIET CITIZEN IS HARSHCITIZEN IS HARSH

StalinStalin

POWER BY FEARPOWER BY FEARCREATES THE KGB TO CREATES THE KGB TO

UNSURE DOMESTIC UNSURE DOMESTIC SUBSERVIAENCESUBSERVIAENCE

Red PurgeRed Purge

HAS 0VER 11 MILLION HAS 0VER 11 MILLION “DISODENTS” KILLED “DISODENTS” KILLED MANY OTHERS ARE EXILEDMANY OTHERS ARE EXILED

THESE EVENTS ARE THESE EVENTS ARE CALLED PURGES CALLED PURGES STARTED IN 1926STARTED IN 1926