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7/30/2019 Yellow Daisies 04
1/16
RHS Plan t Trials an d Aw ardsRHS Plan t Trials an d Aw ards
www.rhs.org.uk
Perennial Yellow DaisiesJan et CubeyPrincipal Botanist, RHS Garden W isley
Mike GrantSenior Botanist, RHS Garden W isley
Bulletin Num ber 6
Septem ber 2004
Perennial Yellow DaisiesJan et CubeyPrincipal Botanist, RHS Garden W isley
Mike GrantSenior Botanist, RHS Garden W isley
Bulletin Num ber 6
Septem ber 2004
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Trials of Perenn ial Yellow Daisies (1998-2002)
RHS Plant Trials and Awards2
Objectives of the trials
The aims of each of th e individual peren nial yellow daisy
trials in cluded:
the identification of the most reliable, distinctive and
garden worth y cultivars for the RHS Award of Gard en
Merit
th e establishm ent of the correct nom enclature
th e production of a permanen t record, through
representative h erbarium and phot ographic records
together with written descriptions.
Entries
In to tal, for the eight t rials, three plan ts of each of 282
ent ries were obtained from 52 sources. These send ers of
plan ts to th e trials (listed on page 15) com prised retail and
wh olesale nu rseries, National Plant Collection h olders,
gardens and private individuals.
The number of entries submitted to each individual trial
was as follows:
Coreopsis 38 entries
Helenium 56 entries
Helian th us 48 entries
Heliopsis 20 entries
Inu la,Buph thalm um & Telekia 20 entries
Rudbeckia 48 entries
Silphium 3 entries
Solidago an d Solidaster 49 entries
Plant Trials
The Royal Horticultural Society, the UKs leading gardening
charity, has conducted plant trials since its foundation in
1804. Th ey are an in trinsic part of the charitable work th e
RHS does for all gardeners, aimin g to in form, inspire an d
advise. Today, over 60 trials of different groups of plants
(herbaceous, vegetable, fruit, ann ual, bulb, rock garden
and woody) are held at RHS gardens each year. Aroun d
3,000 ent ries are judged for garden worth iness by 13 RHS
plant committees, made up of professional gardeners,
nu rserymen , plantsm en and en thu siasts with th e support
of RHS staff and scient ists.
RHS plan t t rials are cond ucted t o iden tify good, reliable garden
plant s by awarding th e RHS Award of Garden Merit to
cultivars of particular value. Botan ists examin e th e plant s
to en sure they are correctly n amed . Each p lant is also
described in detail, photographed and a dried specimenprepared for storage in th e RHS Herbarium.
Perennial Yellow Daisy Trials
The peren n ial, mostly yellow, daisies can provide
wonderful colour in a late summer border, they are
tolerant o f a range of different con dition s and are easy to
grow. An d yet, for some reason, th ey have been ou t of
fashion in recent years. To h elp rekind le their pop ularity,
and provide a vibrant, golden display for the Millennium
(2000) and t h e Queen s Golden Jubilee (2002), th e Floral
Trials Sub-committee decided that a series of trials (listed
below) should be carried out on the Portsmouth Field at
RHS Garden , Wisley.
Trial ofCoreopsis (19992001)
Trial ofHelen iu m (19992001)
Trial ofHel ia nthu s (19992001)
Trial ofHel iops is (19982001)
Trial ofInula , Buph tha lm um & Telekia (20002002)
Trial ofRudbeckia (19992002)
Trial ofSilphium (19992002)
Trial ofSolidago an d Solidaster (20002002)
Above:Rudbeckia Trial (Mike Sleigh /RHS)
Above left: Aerial view of t he RHS Trials, August
2000 (Clive Morris/RHS)
Above right:Helenium Trial (Mike Sleigh /RHS)
Front Cover:Heliopsis h eliant hoides var. scabra
Spitzentnzerin (Tim Sandall)
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Th e Award of Garden Merit
Perennial Yellow Daisies 3
The Award of Garden M erit
The Award of Garden Merit requires a plant :
to be excellent for garden decoration or use
to be available from nurseries or specialist growers
to be of good constitution
n ot t o require specialist care
n ot to be particularly susceptible to any p est or disease
n ot be subject to an un reasonable degree of reversion
Judging Crit eria
The criteria used for judging th e perenn ial daisy trials
varied slightly from t rial to trial, with each t rial bein g
closely examined for a minimum of two flowering seasons.
In general th e characters th at were observed, included: habit/uprightness
floriferousness
colour
form
quantity
impact
period of flowerin g
hardiness
vigour
health
invasiveness
weath er resistance
AGM Winners
**Coreopsis verticillata Moonbeam
Coreopsis verticillata Old Tim er
Coreopsis verticillata Zagreb*Coreopsis verticillata Grandiflora
Helenium Baudirektor Linne
Helenium Bltentisch
Helenium Butterpat
Helenium Feuersiegel
Helenium Gartensonne
Helenium Karneol
Helenium Moerheim Beauty
Helenium Ring o f Fire
Helenium Rubinzwerg
Helenium Sahin s Early Flowerer
Helenium Summer CircleHelenium Waltraut
Helenium Wesergold
Helian th us Gu llicks Variet y
Helian th us Lemon Queen
*Helianthus Loddo n Gold
Helian th us Miss Mellish
*Helianthus Monarch
Heliopsis h elian th oides var. scabra
Ben zinggold
Heliopsis h elian th oides var. scabra
Light of Loddon
Heliopsis h elian th oides var. scabra
Sonnenglut
Heliopsis h elian th oides var. scabra
Spitzentnzerin
Heliopsis helianth oides var. scabra
Waterperry Gold
Inu la m agnifica Sonnenstrahl
*Rudbeckia fulgida var. deamii
Rudbeckia fu lgida var. speciosa
*Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii
Goldsturm
Rudbeckia lacin iata GoldkugelRudbeckia lacin iata Goldquelle
Rudbeckia lacin iata Herbstsonne
Silphium perfoliatum
Solidago Gardone
All of th ese plants are H4 plants hardy
throughout the British Isles
* AGM reconfirm ed durin g trial
** Moon beam is often raised from seed, leading t o
great variation p articularly in th e density of
flowers. It is recommended to buy plants in
flower, or propagate vegetatively from a free-flowering clone.
7/30/2019 Yellow Daisies 04
4/16RHS Plant Trials and Awards4
Recommended for t he AGM
S ub j e ct t o a v a i l a b il it y i n t he U K :
Rudbeckia lacin iata Starcadia Razzle Dazzle
Rudbeckia subtom entosa Loofahsa Wh eaten Go ld
S ub j e ct to t he a pp l ic a t ion o f a cu l t i v ar na m e a nd
ava i labi l i ty in the UK:
Rudbeckia californica var. intermedia
(Sen t by M r A Brooks)
S ub j e ct to v e r i fic a t i on o f th e c or re ct na m e :
The subm itted plants ofHeleniu m Goldrausch and
Helenium Zimbelstern were considered to be
indistinguishable.
Lis t of i l lus tra t ions on oppos i te page:
Coreopsis verticillata Moonbeam
Heleniu m Sah in s Early Flowerer
Helian th us Loddo n Gold
Heliopsis helian thoides var. scabra Ben zinggold
Inu la hook eri
Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii Goldsturm
Silphium perfoliatum
Solidago Gardone
s t y l e ( n o ta l wa ysp r e se n t )
An example of a daisy flower head
r a y fl o r e t
p h y l l a r y
Cultivation Notes
Each en try for each trial consisted of three plant s, planted
into rotary-cultivated groun d in either spring or autum n.
Top dressing with Vitax Q4 was carried out at th eapprop riate rates and in terval for each p articular trial.
Requiremen ts did vary between th e trials, for examp le the
Solidago Trial was only to p d ressed in its final year, whereas
th e Heleniu m Trial required a feed every spring.
Staking requ iremen ts for peren n ial yellow d aisies also vary,
depending up on the stature of the in dividual plant. All
Helian thus, and the taller forms ofHelenium ,Heliopsis an d
Rudbeckia do p erform better when staked. Solidago and the
taller Coreopsis verticillata cultivars, althou gh it is not
essent ial, benefit from som e twiggy support.
Two trials were found to ben efit from t he Chelsea chop.
Helian thus growing to over 2m were cut back to 30cm in
height in late May and sim ilarlyRudbeckia growing t o over
2m t all were cut back to 45cm in late May. This was sho wn
to be an easy meth od of obtaining shorter, bushier plants.
No significant pest and disease problems were encountered
durin g the cou rse of th ese trials.
All these perennial yellow daisies are excellent for
encou ragin g wildlife in th e garden; they are very pop ular
with insects and flower late in the season.
Th e Coreopsis Trial proved th at th ese are a very useful
group of plants with an incredibly long flowering period,
benefiting enorm ously from deadh eading. During th e trial
it became apparen t h ow variable th e seed-raised plants can
be and h ow people need to be aware of this when m aking
a purchase. Unfortun ately, all th e C. grandiflora cultivars in
the Trial were found to be inconsistently winter hardy and
not to h ave a strong enough constitution to be considered
suitable for the RHS Award of Garden Merit.
The only known variegated Heliopsis was included in th e
trial, but LORAINE SUNSHINE (Helh an ; Lorain e Sunsh ine, in
US) did n ot p erform , in t h is trial, as well as th e Award of
Garden Merit winning cultivars.
Th e Solidago an d Solidaster, although very attractive
when in bud, m ostly flower for too short a time p eriod to
be con sidered for th e RHS Award of Garden Merit.
Nomenclatural Comment s
Helian thus Capen och Star has an Award of Garden Merit
from 1993. However, none of th e plants submitted un der
th is nam e to th e trial were considered to be correctly
named. There is therefore some doubt as to how widely
available th e true Capenoch Star n ow is.
Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii An th on y Brooks,
Goldschirm and Pot of Gold, although considered to be
of Award of Garden Merit qu ality, were all very similar to
Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii Goldstu rm AGM. As th is
cultivar is comm on ly raised from seed, an d in variably
comes true when raised in such a m ann er, new cultivars
derived from Goldsturm seeds may not differ significantly
from the parent.
disc flore t
sty le
a n t h e r s
co r o l l a
p a p p u s
o va r y
recep tac le
o va r y
p a p p u s
l i g u l e
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Th e Gen era
Coreopsis
The tickseeds have sm all flowers an d
are wiry in h abit compared with th e
oth er genera. They ten d to h ave
feathery or ferny foliage and are mo re
suitable for the front of a border or as
patio or con tainer plants. Most are
short-lived perennials and are often
raised from seed and grown as ann uals.
HeleniumThe sneezeweeds are very useful for
providing yellow, orange and red-brown
flower colours over a long period. The
flower heads often h ave an eye of a
darker colour surrounding the central
disc. Botanically they differ from
Helian th us an d Heliopsis in h aving
leaves th at are always held altern ately
at th e base of the plant and the absence
of scales between t h e ray florets.
Helianthus
The perennial sunflowers are perhapsthe most familiar group here, not least
because this gen us contain s well-
known garden plants such as the
ann ual sunflower (Helian thus annu us)
and the Jerusalem artichoke (H.
tuberosus). The p erenn ial sun flowers
exhibit t h e greatest structu ral diversity
of tho se trialled; som e have semi-
dou ble or fully double flower h eads.
Heliopsis
The oxeyes are superficially similar to
the sunflowers and have similar usesin t he garden . Botan ically they differ
in their blunt-tipped phyllaries (bracts
enclosing th e base of the flower h ead),
ligules (out er petals) persisting on th e
seed heads and th e ray florets (which
bear th e ligules) bein g fertile and
possessing a style.
Inula
The harvest daisies are mostly
herbaceous perennials, though the
genus does cont ain a few species that
are ann ual or bienn ial. They are
characterised by the m ultitude of fine,
narrow, tubular ligules. Telekia speciosa
(heart-leaved oxeye) and Buph thalm um
salicifolium (willow-leaved oxeye),
from the small closely related genera,
were also included in th is trial.Inula is
distinguished from Telekia an d
Buph thalm um by the absence of scales
between th e ray florets.
Rudbeckia
The coneflowers, as their common
nam e suggests, are typified by th eir
conical or columnar disc at the centreof th e flower h ead. It is usually black
or greenish-brown an d earns th em
their other comm on n ame of black-
eyed Susan. Although predominantly
grown as herbaceous perenn ials,
cultivars derived from R. h irta are
bienn ials or short-lived peren nials
th at are often raised from seed and
grown as an nu als. The ligules are
often slight ly dropping, althou gh t his
effect is much more pron oun ced in
the related Ratibida.
Silphium
Som etimes referred to as prairie dock
or rosinweed, Silphium are t all, stiff,
coarse-leaved perenn ial herbs that are
particularly suitable for n aturalistic
planting situations in areas with a
m oisture-retent ive soil. Closely related
to sunflowers, they differ in having
female ray florets and m ale disc florets
and upp er leaf pairs that are fused at
the base, forming small bathtubs.
Solidago
Garden hybrids of goldenrod arem ostly derived from S. canadensis an d
S. virgaurea, two species that are n ow
naturalised in Britain; hence their
invasive reputat ion. The garden
hybrids ho wever, do n ot deserve to be
tarred with the same brush. Their
vibrant yellow p lum e-like sprays of
flowers are easily recognisable an d are
commonly seen in florists, as they
m ake excellent cut flowers.
Solidaster, the bigeneric hybrid
between Solidago an d Aster, is more
like Solidago than Aster. It has sm all,
creamy yellow flowers that are slightly
larger than that ofSolidago, but they
are held in similar dense sprays.
The Genera
The yellow daisies in cluded in th ese Trials are m ostly from
North Am erica and are all herbaceous peren nials. They
flower in mid t o late summ er and are suitable for sunn y
borders or prairie-style planting. They differ greatly in
hab it, especially in size, ranging from 60cm to over 3m .
The flower heads, whilst th ey are predom inan tly yellow,
come in a wide variety of sizes, sh ades and shapes. Brief
introductions to the genera involved are given below:
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Coreopsis verticillata Grandiflora
A G M ( H 4 ) 1 9 9 3 R e co n fi r m e d 2 0 0 1
Sent b y Beeches N ursery.
This has particularly large bright golden
yellow flowers over a lon g flowering
period an d fin e filigree foliage. The outer
petals are larger and overlap more th an in
other C. verticillata cultivars.
Flowers early July to late Septem ber. Plant
90cm high, 80 cm wide; tall, erect habit with
stiff , airy, branched flowering stems. Leaves
sessile, palm ately divided into filiform
segments, 6.5cm long and 10cm wide. Flower
heads 6cm diam eter, single; disc 0.8cm
diameter, 0.4cm h igh, lemon yellow to dark
brown on ageing; ligules 8, 3 1.4cm,
overlapping at base, deep golden yellow (17B),
tips pointed.
Helenium Baudirektor Linne
A G M ( H 4 ) 2 0 01
S e nt by H e i nz K l ose Sta ud e ng r tne re i
a n d W a t e r p e r r y G a r d e n s.
Flowers of a sparkling rich warm gold
colour, streaked with orange-red.
Requires staking for the best
performance.
Flowers mid August to early September. Plant
1.7m high; tall, upright, vigorous clumps.
Leaves to 18cm long an d 4cm wide. Flower
heads 6cm diam eter, single, horizontal; disc
2cm diameter, 1.5cm high, gold-red outercircle and brown-red centre (166A/18 7A)
covered in rich gold anthers (17A); ligules 12-
14, 3 1.6 cm, gaps between near disc, red
(45A/42 A/34 A) flecked with vivid gold (14A)
fading to reddish orange brown (171A /B/
179A), underside (180A/179A/171A/B), tip
reflexed, three lobed.
Helenium Bltentisch
A G M ( H 4 ) 2 0 01
Sent b y Four Season s.
A cultivar of uniform height th at h as
brilliant sunny gold flowers flushed red
on th e underside and with a green,matu ring to light brown , disc. A good late
season flowerer. This cultivar was raised
by Karl Foerster and th e nam e literally
tran slates as flower table. Requires stakin g.
Flowers early August to m id September. Plant
to 1.5m high, vigorous yet compact with
much-branched growth. Leaves dense, m id-
dark green, sessile, 18cm long and 3.5cm
wide, decreasing up the stem. Flower heads
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contrast between t he dark brown disc
and bright yellow rays. The name
literally translates as garden sun .
Requires staking.
Flowers late July to mid September. Plantto 1.9m high; tall, erect, vigorous, neatly
branching in the crown. Leaves light green
(138A /14 3C), shallowly serrated m argin,
surface smooth, lower leaves 14cm long
and 4cm wide, upper stem leaves smaller.
Flower heads
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RHS Award of Garden Merit descrip tion s
RHS Plant Trials and Awards8
long and 3.5cm wide, decreasing up the
stem. Flower heads to 6cm diameter,
single, strongly reflexed and increasingly
so with age; disc to 2.3cm diameter and
2cm high, dark chocolate brown (darker
than 166A) and covered in golden styles;
ligules 3.5 1.4cm, overlapping, 3-lobed
at tip and wavy, edge often incurved, first
opening deep rust red (44A/45A) turning
rich orange-red (46A/44A) and ageing to
old gold-orange (169A), paler dulled tones
beneath (178/1 79).
Helenium Ring of Fire
A G M ( H 4 ) 2 00 1
S en t b y M r s F A r n o ld .
A vibrant flower com posed of a rich
golden yellow backgroun d colour with
a striking strong red ban d, wh ich givesthe effect of a wheel. Selected and
nam ed by Mrs Arnold. This tall plant
requires staking.
Flowers mid August to late September.
Plant to 1.7m tall, 80cm wide; erect and
strongly branched. Leaves mid green,
surface smooth, to an average size of
13cm long and 3cm wide. Flower heads
to 5cm, single, flat and solid-looking;
disc to 1.6cm diameter and 1cm high,
yellow-green (1 51 A) at first progressively
turning dark chocolate red (18 7A) w ith
golden styles (166A); ligules 2.5 1.2cm
neatly spaced, only overlapping at outside
edge, 4-lobed with inner 2 being pointed,dark red tinged orange (44A/ 46A), with a
circle of bright yellow (14A) beside disc
and at the m argin, underside red-brown
(179 A) turning orange-red (34 B) with
age. Phyllaries distinctive wh en in bud,
up to 1.2cm long, very narrow and
twisted am ong one another.
Helenium Rubinzwerg
A G M ( H 4 ) 2 00 1
S e nt by G re e n Fa rm P l a n ts .
Masses of rich m aho gany red flowers
surroun d a green disc that m atures to
a dark chocolate brown and openswith a h alo of golden an thers. The
lower stems can h ave a tendency to be
somewh at bare, and t herefore it is best
plant ed wh ere they cant be seen. This
was bred by zur Linden and t he n ame
literally translates as ruby dwarf.
Flowers early August to lat e September.
Plant 1m high, 80cm wide; compact and
densely branched. Leaves light to m id
green, narrow, surface sm ooth, 1 2 cm
long and 2 cm wide, decreasing up the
stem. Flower heads to 4 .5cm diam eter,
single, flat; disc to 1.7cm diameter and
1cm high, green at first but rapidlybecomin g dark red (187A) with gold
styles and then brown (165A) in old age;
ligules 2.3 1.2cm, neatly spaced, tip
with 3 rounded lobes, strong red (46A/ B)
with slight orange cast and gold (14A -17A)
at extreme base m ost noticeable when
youn g, ageing to brown-oran ge (c.171A ).
Helenium Sahin s Early Flowerer
A G M ( H 4 ) 2 0 01
S e nt by C otsw o l d Ga rd e n F low e rs.
For a long period, this cultivar is full of
good-sized rich bright yellow an d
orange streaked flowers with dark
chocolate coloured d iscs. Requires
staking.
Flowers late June to late August. Plant 1.3m
high; erect, vigorous an d densely branched.
Leaves m id green, rough-textu red, lower ones
to 18cm long and 6 .5cm wide, decreasing
up the stem to 11cm long and 3cm wide.
Flower heads to 7cm diameter, single, slightlyreflexed when young but fully dropping with
age; disc to 2.4cm diameter and 1.8cm high,
mahogany brown (187A/1 66A) at first,
turning to chocolate brown (166A ) with
gold anthers as the flower fully opens; ligules
16-18,
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Flowers mid July to late August. Plant t o
1.2m high; vigorous and erect. Leaves mid
green (138A), surfaces slightly rough and
both covered in tiny hairs, 17 cm long and
4cm wide, decreasing up the stem. Flower
heads 7cm diameter, single, ligules not
uniformly held giving the effect of
tumbling around the disc; disc
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RHS Award of Garden Merit descrip tion s
RHS Plant Trials and Awards10
1cm , overlapping, convex across their
width and slightly twisting, reflexing at
tip, yellow gold (9A/1 4A) t ip pointed
with a small cleft. Phyllaries dark green
alm ost black, staying closed at the base
of the open flower.
HelianthusMonarch
A G M ( H 4 ) 1 9 9 3 R eco n fi r m e d 2 0 0 1
S e nt by G re a t D i x te r N urs e r ie s.
Mon arch has large semi-double
brilliant golden yellow flowers on stout
stems. Requires strong stakin g. Flower
size m ay be increased by disbuddin g,
i.e. pinchin g out th e side buds.
Flowers mid August to late September.
Plant to 2 .9m ; very tall, erect, not densely
branched with thick stems to 3cm
diam eter. Leaves m id green, barelyserrated, scabrous, lower leaves
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(17A ); ligules 3.5 0.9cm , narrow and
overlapping, golden yellow (17A ) turning
paler (14B) with age, tips pointed and
trifurcate becoming m ore apparent and
twisted as the flowers age.
Heliopsis heliant hoidesvar. scabra
Wat erperry Gold
A G M ( H 4 ) 2 00 1
R a ise d a nd se n t b y W a t e rpe r ry
Ga rde ns .
An elegant floriferous cultivar, th at
h olds the flowers in sprays, so that
th ey are held in man y different
angles. The flowers are semi-double
and gold, fading to lemon yellow with
tim e. Requires staking.
Flowers m id July to early October. Plant
1.2 m high; vigorous with arching, airygrowth . Leaves dark green, scabrous, widely
toothed, basal leaves 10cm long and 6cm
wide, considerably smaller and softer
looking higher up the stem. Flower heads 7-
8cm, semi-double with many rows, flat but
tips reflexing and increasingly so with age;
disc to 2.5cm wide and 1.2cm high,
prominent, conical, golden yellow (23A)
turning to look like old gold (163B) with
age; ligules c.30, 3 0.9cm, overlapping,
opening pale yellow (9A ) tinged green,
rapidly turning golden yellow (23A/17A/B)
before fading back to pale yellow (9A) with
age, tips trifurcate, pointed.
Inula magnifica Sonnenstrahl
A G M ( H 4 ) 2 00 2
S e nt by G re e n Fa rm P l a n ts .
This cultivar was raised by Ernst Pagels.
It is not to o tall and very floriferous
with dark green foliage. The flowers
have nu merous long outer petals
giving a shredd ed appearan ce. The
name literally translates as sunbeam.
Flowers m id July to late August. Plant 2m
high, 1.5m wide (when contained by
staking); tall, erect habit. Leaves dark
green (147A), alm ost glabrous on upper
surface, pubescent beneath, base slightly
auriculate, basal leaves 40cm long and
28cm wide. Stem pale green (144C), hairy
with purple patches, especially on lower
portion. Flower heads c.15cm diam eter,
single, borne in top third of plan t; disc
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lower surface with green veins and tips,
toothed at tip. Phyllaries arranged in
three rows, progressively wider and longer.
Rudbeckia laciniata GoldkugelA G M ( H 4 ) 2 00 2
S e nt by P & B z ur L ind e n .
A tight t idy double flower with att rac-
tive foliage. A useful plan t for th e back
of th e border. Very distin ct. Requ ires
staking.
Plant to 1.6 m high, tall an d erect. Leaves
dark to m id green (137A), lower surface
slightly lighter (138 A/B) an d glossier
than above. Flowering stem very pale
yellow green (14 D), glaucous, glabrous,
waxy, distinctive dark purple patches in
leaf axils. Flower heads to 6.8 cm, double;
ligules
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Award o f Garden Merit winn ers selection guide
Perennial Yellow Daisies 13
Name Flower Colour Height Flowering Season
Coreopsis vert icillat a
M o o n b eam ver y p a le y e llo w 1 ear ly Ju ly la t e Sep t em b er
O l d T i m e r g o l d e n y e l lo w 2 e a rl y Ju l y m i d Se p t e m b e r
Z a g r e b g o l d e n y e l lo w 1 e a rl y Ju l y l a t e Se p t e m b e r
Grand iflo ra i n ten se go ld 2 ea r l y Ju ly la te Sep tem ber
Helenium
B au d i r e k t o r L in n e r e d & g o l d 4 m i d A u g u st e a r ly Se p t e m b e r
B l t e n t i s ch y e l lo w fl u s h e d r e d 3 e a rl y A u g u st m i d Se p t e m b e r
B u t t e r p a t b r i g h t y e l lo w 2 m i d Ju l y e n d A u g u s t
Fe u e r si e g e l y e l lo w & r e d 3 l a t e Ju l y m i d Se p t e m b e r
G a r t e n so n n e b r i g h t y e l lo w 4 l a t e Ju l y m i d Se p t e m b e r
K a rn e o l r e d & o l d g o l d 3 e a rl y A u g u st e a rl y Se p t e m b e r
M oe rhe im Beau ty rus t y red 3 ea r l y Ju ly la te Aug us t
Ri n g o f Fi r e r e d & g o l d 3 m i d A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r
Ru b i n z w e r g d a r k r e d 2 e a rl y A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r
Sah in s Ea r l y F low e re r ye l low & o rang e 3 la te Jun e la te Aug us t
Su m m e r C i r c le y e l lo w 4 e a rl y A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r
W a l t r a u t r u st y r e d & y e l lo w 2 m i d Ju l y l a t e A u g u s t
W e se r g o l d b r i g h t y e l lo w 2 l a t e Ju n e e a r ly Se p t e m b e r
Helianthus
Gu l l i ck s Var ie t y b r ig h t ye l low 5 la te Ju ly la te Sep tem ber
Le m o n Q u e e n l em o n y e ll o w 4 l at e A u g u st m i d O c t o b e r
L o d d o n G o l d d a r k g o l d e n y e l lo w 4 l a t e Ju l y l at e Se p t e m b e r
M i ss M e l li sh g o l d e n y e l lo w 5 m i d A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r
M o n a r ch b r i g h t y e ll o w 5 m i d A u g u st l at e Se p t e m b e r
Heliopsis helianthoidesvar. scabra
B en z i n g g o l d o r a n g e y e l lo w 4 m i d Ju n e e a rl y Se p t e m b e r
L ig h t o f L o d d o n g o l d e n y e l lo w 3 m i d Ju n e l at e Se p t e m b e r
So n n e n g l u t o r a n g e y e l lo w 3 m i d Ju n e l a t e Se p t e m b e r
Sp i t zen tnze r in go lden ye l low 3 la te Jun e ea r l y Sep t em ber
W a t e r p e r r y G o l d o r a n g e y e l lo w 3 m i d Ju l y e a rl y O c t o b e r
Inula ma gnifica Sonnenstrahl b r i g h t y e l lo w 4 m i d Ju l y l a t e A u g u s t
Rudbeckia fulgida
var. deamii o r a n g e y e l lo w 3 e a rl y A u g u st e a rl y O c t o b e r
var. speciosa o r a n g e y e l lo w 3 e a rl y A u g u st e a rl y O c t o b e r
var. sullivantii G o l d s t u r m o r a n g e y e l lo w 2 l a t e Ju l y l at e Se p t e m b e r
Rudbeckia la ciniat a
G o l d k u g e l g o l d e n y e ll o w 3 m i d A u g u st m i d Se p t e m b e r
G o l d q u e l le b r i g h t y e l lo w 2 e a rl y A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r
H e r b s t so n n e b r i g h t y e l lo w 5 e a rl y A u g u st l a t e Se p t e m b e r
Silphium perfoliat um b r i g h t y e l lo w 5 m i d Ju l y l a t e Se p t e m b e r
Solidago Gardone b r i g h t y e l lo w 2 l a t e Ju l y m i d A u g u s t
H e i g h t 1 = < 6 0 c m 2 = 6 0 c m 1 . 2 m 3 = 1 . 2 1 . 6 m 4 = 1 . 6 2 . 1 m 5 = > 2 . 1 m
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(N144A) at first, then dark brown
changing to yellow (7A) when open;
ligules 5.5 2cm, but width variable,
neatly spaced single row, drooping habit,
sunn y yellow (14B) with lower surface
slightly paler (9B) and with green tinged
veins, tips slightly notched.
Rudbeckia laciniata Starcadia
Razzle Dazzle STA
S e nt b y A B rook s .
Clump formin g, with sturdy stems
and a long flowering period. Good
foliage. Altho ugh th is species can be
invasive, this cultivar does not seem
to be. Requires staking.
Flowering early July to late August. Plant
to 1.6m high, 1.1 m w ide when staked;
erect habit. Leaves dark green (147A),paler green beneath (14 7B), very sh ortly
hispid with forward facing hairs.
Flowering stem striate dark green (137A)
on lighter green (137D), sparsely hairy,
stem feels rough especially below fl ower
head. Flower heads to 11 .5cm , single,
borne in top third of plant; disc 2.1cm
diameter, 2.4cm high, yellow green
(N144A) at first, then black just before
opening to pale yellow green (151A);
ligules 4.7 1.4 cm, single row irregularly
spaced, sometim es overlapping, drooping,
yellow (9A), slightly paler on the
underside, tips m ostly with a slight notch
but some entire.
Rudbeckia subt oment osa Loofahsa
W heaten Gold STA
S e nt b y A B rook s .
Less stiff in h abit th an is typical for
this species, with well-spaced,
chocolate brown-centred, flowers.
Very clean foliage. Requ ires staking.
Flowering early August to lat e Septem ber.
Plant to 1.7m high, 1.3m wide; erect
habit. Leaves m id green (137A), paler
(138B) below, slightly scabrous upper,
pubescent lower. Flowering stems dull ,light m id green (143C), shortly
tom entose, darkly striated in places.
Flower heads
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C E & D M N u r se r ie s, N o l o n g e r t r a d in g
C la i re A u s t in H a r d y P lan t s , Bo w l i n g G r e e n L a n e , Al b r i g h t o n ,W o l v er h am p t o n W V 7 3 H B
C o t s w o ld Ga r d e n F lo w e r s, 1 Wa t e r s id e , Ev e sh a m WR 1 1 6 B S
D a n z i g e r D a n F lo w e r Fa r m , M o sh a v M i sh m a r H a sh i v a 5 0 2 9 7 , P O B o x 2 4Bei t Dagan , ISRAEL M r J Dav ies (NC CPG N at ion a l Plant Co l lec t ionH o ld e r , Coreopsis, Helianthus& Heliopsis) , 3 3 B a lm o r a l D r i v e , Br a m c o t e ,B ee st o n , N o t t i n g h a m N G 9 3 F U
D u d l e y M e t r o p o l i t an B o r o u g h Pl an n i n g & L ei su r e ( N C C P G N a t io n a l P la n tC o l l e c t i o n H o ld e r , Rudbeckia) , C l au g h t o n H o u se , Bl o w e r s Gr e e n R o a d ,D u d l ey D Y 2 8 U Z
Farmy ard N urser ies, Lland ysu l , Dy fed SA44 4RL
Far p l a n t s ( Wh o le sa le ), Ya p t o n L a n e , Wa lb e r t o n , A r u n d e l BN 1 8 0 A S
Fee b e r s H a r d y P lan t s , 1 Fe e b e r C o t t a g e , We s t w o o d , B r o a d c l y s t , N e a rExeter PL20 7 LJ
Feld w e b e r St a u d e n g r t n e r e i , A -4 9 7 4 O r t im I n n k r e i s 1 3 9 , Ob e r s t e r r e ic h ,Aus t r ia
F la x t o n H o u se N u r s er y , Fl a x t o n , Y o r k Y O6 0 7 R J
Fo u r S ea so n s, Fo r n c e t t St M a r y, N o r w i c h N R1 6 1 JT
F u t u r e Fo o d s , PO B o x 1 5 6 4 , W e d m o r e B S2 8 4 D PGard iner s Ha l l P lants , B ra isewor th , Eye IP23 7DZ
G Go d d a r d , c / o T r i al s O f fi c e , RH S Ga r d e n W is l ey , Wo k in g GU 2 3 6 QB
Gr e a t D i x t e r N u r s er i e s, N o r t h i a m , Ry e TN 3 1 6 P H
Gr e e n Fa rm P la n t s , N o l o n g e r t r a d i n g
H e in r i c h H a g e m a n n S t a u d e n k u l t u r e n , Wa l sr o d e r S t r asse 3 2 4 , D - 3 0 8 5 5L an g e n h a g e n - Kr h e n w i n k e l, G e r m a n y
D e H e ss en h o f , H e sse n w e g 4 1 , 6 7 1 8 TC ED E , H o l l a n d
H i l lv i ew H a r d y P la n t s, W o r fi e l d , N e a r Br i d g n o r t h W V 1 5 5 N T
H o e c r o f t P l a n t s, Se v e r e ls G r an g e , H o l t R o a d , Wo o d N o r t o n , D e r e h a mN R2 0 5 B L
H e in z K lo s e St a u d e n g r t n e r e i , Ro s e n st r a sse 1 0 , D - 3 4 2 5 3 L o h f e l d e n ,G e r m a n y
L W P lan t s , 2 3 Wr o x h a m Wa y , H a r p e n d e n A L 5 4 P P
Li t t le Rhyn das ton N urser ies, Hayscas t le , Haver fo rdw es t SA62 5PTL o d g e L an e N u r s er y & Ga r d e n s ( N C C P G N a t i o n a l P la n t C o l l e c t i o n
H o ld e r , Inula) , Lo d g e L an e , D u t t o n , N e a r W a rr i n g t o n W A 4 4 H P
L o n g in Z i e g l e r S t a u d e n g r t n e r e i , Ob e r z e l g , C H - 8 6 2 7 Gr n in g e n ,Swi t zer land
M a d r o n a N u r se r y, Pl u c k l e y Ro a d , B e t h e r sd e n K e n t TN 2 6 3 D D
M o n k s i l ve r N u r s e r y, O a k in g t o n R o a d , C o t t e n h a m C B 4 4 TW
N o r s ec o I n c . 2 9 1 4 B o u le v a r d C u r - L ab e l l e , C h o m e d e y , L a v al , Qu e b e c ,C a n a d a H 7 P 5 R 9
Perh i l l Nu rser ies, Wo rces ter Road , Great W i t ley W R6 6JT
Per ryh i l l Nu rser ies , Har t fi e ld TN 7 4JP
Pow is Cas t le , Welshp oo l SY21 8RF
R o y a l B o t a n i c Ga r d e n s K ew , K e w , Ri c h m o n d TW9 3 A B
R H S Ga r d e n Ro s e m o o r , G r e at To r r i n g t o n E X 3 8 8 P H
R H S Ga r d e n W isl e y, Wo k in g G U 2 3 6 Q BR o u g h a m H a l l N u r se r i es, I p sw i c h R o a d , Ro u g h a m , B u r y St E d m u n d s IP 3 0
9 LZ
Scalers H i l l N ursery , Scalers H i l l , Cob ham , Near Gravesend D A12 3 BH
Sue St r ick land P lants , The Pop lars, I sle Brewers , Taun ton TA3 6Q N
V iv M a r sh P o st a l P la n t s , Wa l f o r d H e a t h , S h r e w s b u r y S Y4 2 H T
Wa lb e r t o n N u r s er y , Ya p t o n L a n e , Wa lb e r t o n , A r u n d e l , BN 1 8 0 A S
M r s R Wa l l i n g e r , c / o T r i al s O f fi c e , RH S Ga r d e n W isl e y, Wo k in g GU 2 3 6 QB
Wa t e r p e r r y Ga r d e n s Lt d , W a t e r p e r r y, N e a r W h e a t l e y OX 3 3 1 JZ
W e b b s o f W y c h b o l d , D r o i t w i c h , W o r c est e r W R 9 0 D G
P et e r u n d B rb e l z u r L i n d e n , S t a u d e n g r t n e r e i , L i n n e r K i rc h w e g 2 , D -4 9 1 4 3 B i sse n d o r f , Ge r m a n y
RHS Herbarium
The RHS Herbarium (WSY) is one o f only a small n um ber
in the world dedicated to preserving garden plants and is
therefore an important reference poin t for th e h orticultural
indu stry. At present th e collection contain s m ore th an
80,000 herbarium specimens and over 30,000 images of
plants and 4,000 paintin gs of plants together with
addition al mat erial such as seeds and con es. Material is
actively collected from a wide spectrum of sources
including RHS trials. Trial cultivars are stored with detailed
description s and ph otograph ic im ages. New cultivars are
highlighted and stored as Nomenclatural Standards. A
Standard Specimen demonstrates the diagnostic characters
of a cultivar an d wou ld act as a key reference poin t if the
application of that nam e became con fused at some point
in th e future. Further information about the Herbarium
and Stan dard Specim ens is available on t he RHS Website
(www.rhs.org.uk).
Acknowledgements
Phot ography RHS Herbarium (unless otherwise stated),
Mike Sleigh, Tim Sandall and Clive Morris
NCCPG National Plant Co llection ho lders for these gen era,
particularly Martin H ughes-Jon es (Heleniu m ) and Anth ony
Brooks (Rudbeckia)
Chrissie Ferriroli, RHS Trials Recorder
RHS Herbarium, Trials Office and Trials Department Staff
Further reading
Clayt on , P. (2002 ) Tears of Troy. The Garden 127(8): 622-625
Grant , M. (2003) Golden performers. The Garden 128(8):
609-611
Hop, M.E.C.M. (2002)Heleniu m Sortimen tsond erzoek en
Keuringsrapport.Dendroflora 39: 62-93
Hughes-Jones, M. (2004) http://www.helenium.net
Offent h al, R., Kaiser, K. & Ward, R. (tran s.) (1999) Som e
perennial sunflowers.Hardy Plant 21(2): 38-47
Sutton, J. (2001) The Plantfinders Guide to Daisies. David &
Ch arles, Newton Abbot
Senders of plants to the trialsRHS Plant Trials rely on nurseries, plant breeders and
am ateur gardeners to send plant stock for trial. Notices are
posted on th e RHS website and in t he RHS journ al, Th e
Garden, when a new trial is planned. RHS Trials Office staff
supplem ent th is by actively sourcing m aterial. All stock is
given free of charge.
A r n e H e r b s , L im e b u r n N u r s er i e s, Lim e b u r n H i l l, C h e w M a g n a B S4 0 8 Q W
M r s F A rn o ld , H o l l a n d , c / o T ri a ls O f fi c e , RH S Ga r d e n , W is l ey GU 2 3 6 Q B
B e e ch e s N u r se r y, V i ll a g e C e n t r e , A s h d o n , S af f r o n W a ld e n C B 1 0 2 H B
B e ll h o u se N u r se r y, B el l h o u s e La n e , M o o r e , N r Wa r r i n g t o n WA 4 6 TR
B e t h C h a t t o G a r d e n s Lt d , Elm st e a d M a r k e t , C o l c h e s t e r C O 7 7 D B
B lo o m s o f B r e ssi n g h a m , B r e ssi n g h a m , D i s s IP 2 2 2 A B
B r id g e m e r e N u r s er i es, B r id g e m e r e, N e a r N a n t w i c h C W 5 7 Q B
M r A Br o o k s (N C C P G N a t i o n a l Pl a n t C o l l e c t i o n H o ld e r , Rudbeckia) c / oEl t o n H a l l, El t o n , L u d lo w SY 8 2 H Q
Backgroun d n otes
Perennial Yellow Daisies 15
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Trials O ffice
RHS Garden
Wisley
Woking
Surrey GU23 6QB
e-m ail: tr ials@rh s.org.u k
www.rhs.org.uk/trials
Reg charity no . 222879
All text an d im ages Copyright RHS 2004-02-1
ISSN: 1477-9153 (print)
ISSN: 1447-9161 (online)
The Royal Horticultural Society
The RHS is the UKs leading gardening charity dedicated to
advancing horticulture and prom oting good gardening. Its
charitable work includes providing expert advice and
information, advancing h orticulture, training th e n ext
generation o f gardeners, helping school ch ildren learn
about p lants, and con ducting research in to plant s, pests
and environ m ent al issues affecting gardeners. Th e RHS
Award of Garden Merit plant trial scheme is an important
part of th is work.
The RHS receives no governm ent grants an d for every
pound received from members subscriptions we need to
raise more than twice as much again to fund ou r charitable
work. We also rely on donations and sponsorship to
supplement in come from our garden operations, flower
shows, shops an d plant centres.
RHS Plant Trials
With so m any different types of gardener and so man y
different cultivars available to th em in each group of
plants, it is imp ortant th at a system of recomm endation is
in place to h elp with selection at poin t of sale. These
recomm endations m ust be clear and reliable to en sure that
of the th ousan ds of plants available in t h e UK, a
proportion are known to be excellent garden plants. The
RHS provides this information th rough its exten sive
programm e of plant t rials h eld at RHS gardens in th e UK.
The RHS Award of Garden Merit signifies th e selection
of th e best cultivar for general garden u se.
RHS plant trials serve the p rofessional gardener wh o wan ts
to know the range of plants available, including the latest
breeding and selection programmes, with their distinctive
characteristics and provenan ce. They also serve th e
amateur wh o wants to kn ow which plant s will grow and
perform well in a p articular garden situation .
The RHS has an un rivalled resource of knowledge an d
expertise and is th erefore best placed to con duct p lant
trials for th e UK gardenin g market.
RHS BulletinsCanna: Septem ber 2003
Delphinium : Jun e 2003
Lavender (hardy): July 2003
Miscanthus: October 2004
Potentilla (shrubby): July 2002
Salad Potatoes: November 2004
Spiraea japonica (with colou red leaves): November 2003
These bulletins can b e viewed at a larger
size on th e RHS Website