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4-H MEMBER MANUAL

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1 6. Babysitting as a business.

7. Understanding yourself by workingHELLO! DO YOU Like with children.

Little Folks?

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How To Get StartedHave you ever thought about what a

hard time parents have? Being a parent 1. Enroll in the 4-H Babysittingis a 24-hour, year ‘round job. Every day Project.parents must know what their childneeds and wants. They also have to 2. Join a babysitting project groupthink about what their child will need to in your club or community.become an adult.Because parents cannot do everything 3. Talk with your mother or community

at once, they sometimes need a parent- club leader about what you planhelper. Maybe you would like the job. to do.Like parents, parent-helpers need toknow about little children.* Here are 4. Complete the plan section of Mysome things you can learn as you help 4-H Plan.parents with their children.

5. Whenever you are a parent-helper,Things to Learn try some of the ideas in this manual.

How children grow and change as 6. If your club doesn’t have a Baby-they get older. sitting Project Leader, ask your

4-H agent for a copy of the LeaderSome tips for helping children with Guide.eating, bathing, dressing, goingto bed. 7. Keep a record of what you did and

what you learned.3. Fun things to do that help children

grow.

4. How to prevent accidents and HOW Children GI’OWmisbehavior. and Change

5. What to do in emergencies.One way to learn how children grow

and change is to look at what they like‘Taking care of babies and little children may be and what they can do at each age.too much responsibility for you to handle alone.Until you are a teen, it is a good idea to haveadults always nearby when you ask to help.

Babies Up to 1 Year of Age

Babies usually liketo be held close to youto hear you talk and sing to themto see your face and other thingsaround themto taste the things they hold intheir handsto explore the world around themandto be with people they know.

What an average 1-year-old can do:crawl (so watch him carefully!);stand (both feet);walk with help (your hand orfurniture);drink from a cup (but may drop it);wave, hug, laugh (cries, too);imitate sounds (not talking much);understand some words (no, give,bye, 90 );pick up tiny pieces of things (tokeep the floor clean).

Note: No two children are alike. Onemay learn to walk early. Another1-year-old may talk early and be alate walker.

Toddlers (1-to 2-year olds)

Most toddlers are fun to watch. Theyare so excited about things and peoplearound them.Toddlers usually like

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attention from people they knowexploring (into everything)to have their own way“put in and take out” gamesto name things, including self,to copy others.

hat an average 2-year-old can do:walk up and down steps, using thesame foot;run, squat, jump up, push, pull,climb;talk in short sentences, especially“mine” and “me do it”;throw and kick a ball;carry out a simple command;make up-and-down marks andcircular motions with crayon.

Remember: At 2 years of age, childrenare still growing in spurts.A child behind in someways usually is ahead inothers.

3-year-oldsMost 3-year-olds enjoy

carrying on a conversationpraise and pleasing othersplaying pretendsimple games involving two orthree peoplesimple table activities like pasting,playing with clay or puzzleswords that rhymelots of toys.

Lots of 4-year-olds canrun fast and stop fastuse about 2,000 wordshop on one footalternate feet when climbing stairsuse small scissors, but not wellhammer nailsshare with others

0oooooo0 care about younger children.

What most 3-year-olds can do:0 eat and drink without help;0 wait for a turn;0 ask others for help;0 know which daily routine comes

next0 ride a tricycle;0 tell their name and sex; some know

where they live.

Remember: By age 3, children arebeginning to look and actquite differently from eachother. Each one has aspecial personality. 5-year-olds

Children at 5 generally preferstories about the “real world”to finish what they startsimple group games“thinking” gamessome time alonesome privacy in dressing andbathroom routines.

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Most 5-year-olds can0 say all words except the letters,

j,r,s,y, and th0 match things one way at a time,

like colors or shapes, but nottogether

0 work on a project together withothers

0 put on clothes and tie shoes withouthelpprint some letters of the alphabetskip, balancetell a simple story by followingpictures or make up a story about

4-year-oldsMany 4-year-olds like0 using words to be silly something they have done.0 asking “why” . .0 being active 0 Suggested Activities0 being the leaderO imitating grown-ups with other Call Extension Teletip

4-year-olds (1-800-662-7301) and ask to hear0 “bending” the rules, seeing how these tapes:

much they can do before gettingpunished.

No. 6251 What to Expect of a1—year-old

No. 6252 What to Expect of a2-year-old

No. 6253 What to Expect of a13-year-old

No. 6254 What to Expect of a4-year-old

No. 6255 What to Expect of a5-year-old

Compare what you have heard fromthese tapes with children you knowat these ages.

2. Visit a day care center or churchSunday School. Notice how childrenof the same age are different inbehavior. Notice what 4-or 5-year-olds can do that 3-and 4-year-oldscan’t do.

3. Study the 4-H Child DevelopmentProject -- The Mystery of Isadora. Ortalk with a 4-H member who is takingthe project.

4. Read books to the child that relate togrowing up. Here are some youmight ask for at your local library:oGreen Eyes, by A. Birnbaum.oLeo, The Late Bloomer, by RobertKraus.

5. Look for other suggestions in the 4-HBabysitting Project Leader Guide.

6. Prepare a height chart and use itwith the child every month or two.

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Learning About Yourself

Learning about little children helps youlearn about yourself. When babysitting,do you sometimes say to yourself, “Iused to act like that!” Watching andplaying with children and taking care ofthem helps you see how you have grown

and changed. On the other hand, do youact too childish sometimes? Do you needto behave more like an older person?

In some ways it is good to remainchildlike. We admire children’s excite-ment about the world around them. Be-ing interested and curious helps usdevelop. Being small and unable to domany things for themselves, childrentrust other people to help them. Thisteaches us that it’s good to trust peopleas we grow older.

Suggested Activities

It is fun to learn how you were like-most other children when you wereyounger. Were you about the samesize as other 1-year-olds? Were youearly or late in learning to walk ortalk? Talk with your parents or otherrelatives about it.

2. Compare your own growth andchanges with children you babysit.How were you different at that age?

3. Look at pictures of yourself as ayoung child. Compare them withchildhood pictures of other boys andgirls your age. Baby pictures are veryspecial and should be handled withcare. Be sure you return them to thesafe place where valuable things arekept in your house.

4. Try some ideas from the section,Understanding Oneself in the 4-HBabysitting Project Leader Guide.

Everyday Care

Through everyday care children growand develop. They grow physically asthey practice good health habits and, atthe same time, learn to do things forthemselves.Good health comes from good health

habits. You can help a child eat properlyand get enough sleep. Help him learn towash his face and hands before eatingand to bathe often. Regular toileting is agood health habit, too. Can you think ofothers?

Children can learn to do things forthemselves. As you help a child getdressed or undressed, notice what shetries to do for herself. Help her learn howto do more. For example, a 1-year-oldmay push her hand through the arm holeof a shirt. A 3-year-old may get his armsand head through the right holes. A5-year-old may be able to button herdress down the front.

Managing alone makes children feelgrown up and in control of themselves.Like us, though, they get bored with do-ing the same thing over and over. Helpthe child do it better, faster, or in a dif-ferent way. Once they have learned howto do it, help them feel proud of theiraccomplishments!

Dressing

Getting a child dressed calls for morethan putting clothes on him. It requiresprotecting his body against the cold, heator too much sun. Are the clothes right forthe weather? Do the clothes fit? Are theysafe for playing? Or are the pants tootight? Will the long shoe laces make himfall? How much can he do for himself?Young children are aware of their

clothes and how they look. Sometimeschildren can be very insistent about whatthey want to wear. A girl who admiresher older brothers may refuse to weardresses. Or a boy may refuse to wearany shoes except his cowboy boots.Children have favorite colors or specialoutfits they want to wear all the time. Tryto give the child a choice as often as youcan. It helps him feel good about himselfas a special person. Ask the child’sparents for advice when the child and hischoices get too unreasonable. And thenthere are some children who prefer notto bother with clothes. They will removetheir shoes and socks, or shirt or dress.Perhaps the clothes are too small oruncomfortable.

Notice how the clothes are made. Howcan the clothes be changed to help achild do more for himself? Here aresome ideas:

neck big enough to pull on easilylarge buttons and buttonholesopen in the frontlabel or mark in the backzippers with large pull tabslarge hooks or elastic on waistbandsslip-on or large-buckled shoeslarge snaps or grippersno sashes or ties on dresseslarge armholes

Lay out clothes on a bed or the floor tohelp the child organize his dressing.Help him learn that the undershirt goeson before the shirt. The right shoe goeson the right foot.To help the child put on her jacket, lay

the jacket, front side up, neckline towardthe child, on the bed or a chair. Let thechild put her arms in the arm holes, andthen flip the jacket backward over herhead. The jacket is on!

Mealtimes and Snacks

Chances are the parents will decideand tell you what the child should eatwhile you are babysitting. It may be yourjob to prepare or warm the food and seethat the child eats it.

Don’t give the child other foods withoutthe parents’ permission. There may begood reasons why they shouldn’t eat cer-tain things.

When children won’t eat anything, askyourself these questions:0 ls he too tired?o Is he sick?0 Has he had too much food before

the meal?Are the servings too big?ls he upset and unhappy?Is he too excited?Has he had enough play and exer-cise out of doors?Have other people around himrefused to eat?

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o Is he trying to get you to pay moreattention to him?

Children have likes and dislikes. Theychange their minds about which foodsthey like. So it is a good idea to offer re-jected foods more than once when youare feeding them. Children need to eat avariety of foods. To encourage a child totaste more food, try these ideas:0 Show him the food before you

prepare it and let him help you;0 Encourage him to serve himself a

small taste at first. Then if he likes it,he may have more;

0 Talk with the parents about otherways the food can be prepared orserved;

0 Never bribe a child to eat by promis-ing sweets.

Most children are messy eaters. Theirmuscles aren’t developed and theyhaven’t had much practice handlingforks, spoons or glasses.0 Have the child wear a bib or apron,

if she is used to one.0 Wear an apron yourself.0 Serve some food she can pick up

with her fingers.0 Serve bite sizes.0 Serve liquids in a cup with a big

handle, or a small glass she canhold easily.

Remember:0 Eating is more important than

table manners;0 Since a child can hold only a

small amount of food, it is importantthat she eats what is good for her.

BathingWhen helping a child take a bath,

remember three things:

1. Keep the child safe.0 Never leave a child in water by

herself. Gather all the things you willneed before giving the child a bath.If you have to go out of the room forany reason, take the child out of thewater, wrap her in a towel and takeher with you.O Soap makes the skin slick. Get a

firm grip on the child before lifting her orhaving her stand up in the tub.

0 Wet feet may slip on the floor.Have her stand on a towel or bath matuntil she is dry.0 The body gets chilled faster when

it is wet. Keep a wet child out of a draftor breeze.

0 Put no more than 3 inches ofwater in the tub. Test the temperaturebefore putting the child in. Children likewater a little cooler than most adults do.

2. Help the child get clean.0 Start with her face and end with

cleaning her feet.0 Teach her how to put soap on her

cloth and how to wash herself.0 Show the child how to squeeze

the washcloth in a ball. This is easier ata younger age than learning to wring awashcloth like an adult.

0 Have younger children hold theirhands open with palms up. Lay thewashcloth over the open hands. Then thechild can wash herself.

o Remind the child how to wash herear lobes without getting water in herears.

0 See that places where the skinfolds or traps dirt (elbows, behind theknee, between the toes) are washed.3. Make bathing a fun and learning time.

Besides getting clean, the child canlearn things like these:

0 What will float and what won’t floatin water;

0 Getting into the water makes thewater rise. ln science this is calledthe law of displacement.

Here are some fun activities forbathing time:

0 Let the child play with plastic toysthat float in water;

0 Use plastic cups or other cleanunbreakable containers to fill andempty with water. Funnels are fun,too. Be sure to keep the water inthe tub;

0 Put a squirt (no more!) of liquiddetergent in the water to makesuds. Be sure to put the bottle ofdetergent in a safe place becauseit is dangerous to children whomight drink it.

Can you think of other safe things tolearn or fun things to do at bath time?

Using the Toilet

Babies must wear diapers becausethey haven’t learned bathroom habitsyet. Children need to grow in severalways before they prevent toileting ac-cidents. Muscles must grow and develop.The nervous system must be refined.The brain is involved, too. For example,the bladder fills up. Nerves tell themuscles to keep the door of the bladdershut. Other nerves tell the brain whenthe bladder is full. The child becomesaware that he needs to go to thebathroom. He must learn what to donext. If the muscles aren’t welldeveloped, they may just let go. If thechild can control the muscles, he mayknow to run to the bathroom. If he is in astrange place or can’t remember wherethe bathroom is, he may tell somebodyhe needs to go to the bathroom.We know that a trip to the bathroom is

necessary a certain number of hoursafter drinking or eating. Having a regulartime for snacks and meals should helpyou and the child predict when he/sheneeds to use the toilet. Many accidentscan be prevented by taking children tothe bathroom before they need to go.Most children between 2 and 4 years of

age need to use the bathroom aboutevery hour. If you include toileting inyour plans when you babysit, you andthe child may have a happier time.We can help children become trained

to use the bathroom by themselves.Have you tried any of these ideas withthose you babysit?0 Provide steps to reach the

bathroom toilet seat, or a small pottiechair.

0 Show him where the nearestbathroom is when you are in otherplaces than at home. You should go withchildren to public bathrooms.0 Dress him in pants and under-

pants that are easy to manage in ahurry.

Sleeping

Getting a child to go to bed and sleepcan be a big problem for babysitters.Here are some ideas for making your jobeasier.

0 Ask the parents ahead of timewhen they want the child to go to bedand for how long.

0 Ask about the rituals, or thosethings the child does every night (or atnaptime) before he goes to bed. Somechildren do such things as have a glassof water, turn on a night light, sayprayers, give parents or babysitter agood-night hug.0 Ask about special things he wants

when he sleeps. Where is the blanket ortoy?

0 Have a quiet activity before bed-time. Play or sing soft music. Read ortell stories that are not too exciting.

0 Tell him ahead of time when it willbe bedtime. Giving a warning helps thechild to finish what he is doing, and tofeel some control over his own life.0 When a child cries because she

doesn’t want to go to bed and sleep, askyourself:

o Is she afraid of me? Is she afraidof the dark?

o Is she still upset about herparents’ leaving?

0 Does she want to finish somethingshe had started?

o Is she afraid she will miss somefun?

o Is she tired and having troublerelaxing?

o Is she crying to “get the best ofme"?

Be prepared to examine possiblereasons behind a child’s behavior. Someyoung children may intentionally try tocontrol adults while others may not.

Suggested Activities

Read books to children that tellabout eating, dressing, going to bed,and other routines. Look through thebooks you used to have or those ofthe children you babysit, or visit thelocal library. Some you might look forare:

0 Goodnight Moon, by MargaretWise Brown

0 Eat! by Diane Pattersono The Fat Cat, by Jack Kent0 The Very Hungry Caterpillar, by

Eric Carle0 Milton, The Early Riser, by Robert

Kraus

2. Teach a child to dress him/herself.

3. Help a child learn to like a new food.Learn to eat a new food yourself.

4. Learn about the different kinds offoods everybody needs. (Ask your4-H agent for a copy of the BasicFood Groups.)

5. Call Extension Teletip(1-800-662-7301) and ask-to hearTape No. 6247. How To Help a Cry-ing Baby.

6. Make a list of things found in mosthomes that would make goodbathtub toys for young children.

7. Make a safe step or stool to help thechild reach the toilet seat.

How To HandleEmergenciesThe best way to handle an emergency

is to prevent it. Be prepared. Learn whatto expect of a child at each age. Get toknow the child you babysit. Can youpredict what he is going to do? Can you

prevent his doing something that mightcause an accident?

Supervise. Young children don’t knowwhat is dangerous. You have to watchthem every minute. Never leave a childalone.

Plan and Guide. Plan what you aregoing to do. Then it is easier and saferto carry out activities with children. Letthe child know what you plan to do next.Knowing ahead of time helps him bemore cooperative.

Make the Surroundings Safe. Whenyou babysit, notice what things youshould put out of reach or should watch.Keep doors and windows locked. Knowhow to unlock them in case of fire. Learnabout household supplies that can beharmful to children. For example, whichof these might be poisonous to children?

0 medicines prescribed for otherpeople

0 liquid soap0 hair spray0 floor waxo fingernail polishThe answer is all of them. What other

things should be added to the list?

Learn First Aid. What should you do ifa child does swallow somethingpoisonous? You need to know whatwould make a child vomit if she swallow-ed the wrong medicines. But you shouldnot make the child vomit if she hastaken oily liquids like kerosene or in-sect spray.How should you treat a skinned knee?

What about a deep cut on the hand thatbleeds badly? Did you know that childrenunder 3-years'—old might choke onnuts? Or that young children shouldnever try to blow up a balloon? Ask yourparents, 4-H leader or agent to help youlearn first aid. Ask the child’s parents

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what they want you to do in a medicalemergency?Know Where and How To Get Help.

By the telephone or in a special place,keep a list of emergency telephonenumbers. These might include

fire department0 police department0 rescue squad0o

the child’s doctorpoison control center

When you call in an emergency, tellthe person

the emergencythe address and locationthe child’s nameyour nameask what to do next

Remember: Being prepared helps pre-vent emergencies.

Suggested Activities

Prepare a card with emergencytelephone numbers.

Attend meetings that teach what todo in case of emergencies.

3. Talk with someone at the fire depart-ment, rescue squad, or police depart-ment, a nurse or doctor about whatto do in case of emergencies.

4. Write a story about an emergencyyou have had while babysitting. Tellhow you handled it. Could it havebeen prevented? What do you planto do in the future aboutemergencies?

5. Make a list of precautions you shouldtake for your own personal safety.

6. Make a safety check of your ownhouse or the house of a child youbabysit.

Fun Things To DoWith ChildrenOne of the best parts of babysitting is

playing with the little children. They canbe so much fun! Simple toys and gamescan be used.

Play is good for children, too. Play istheir school and their work. They learn touse muscles, to think, and to be creative.Sometimes play activities help children tounderstand themselves and to showother people how they feel. Playing

together gives children a chance to getto know one another and how to get;along.By watching and studying them you

may discover some little geniuses! Noticewhat the child has learned since the lasttime you babysat. Has she learned morewords? Can she remember some thingsyou taught her earlier? Have you taughther some new skills through playingtogether? Can handling small puzzlepieces or using crayons help a child holda fork or spoon? How does looking atbooks help a child learn to read?Because children need to grow and

develop in many different ways, theyneed a variety of play activities. Ofcourse, the time of day you are babysit—ting may limit what you can do. Youwouldn’t want to play circus in the mid-dle of the night! How do you decide whatis appropriate?

0 Be sure the activity is safe for achild that age. Will he swallow the pieces?

o Is there a good place to play? Youdon’t want any windows broken.

0 Do you have everything you needto play this particular game? Or can yousubstitute?

o Is a child the right age physicallyand mentally to play the game? Childrenget frustrated when activities are too ad-vanced for them. They get bored whenthe activities are not challenging enough.

0 How does the activity fit the otherthings that need to be done? For exam-ple, children need to settle down withquiet play before meals and before bedtime.

Suggested ActivitiesMake a babysitter’s play activity kitto take with you when you babysit.Prepare a demonstration on SafeToys for Children or Fun Things forChildren To Do With Music.

3. Make a homemade toy or game.

4. Prepare a talk on How Play HelpsChildren Grow or The Right Toys forthe Right Age.

5. Make some paste or finger paint touse with children.

6. Give a lecture-demonstration on theImportance of Variety in Children’sPlay or How Play Activities HelpChildren Learn.

7. Plan a music or story time to sharewith young children.

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Babysitting‘ls A BusinessHave you ever considered yourself a

businessman or a businesswoman? Ifyou are earning money as a babysitter,you are in a business.

A Good Reputation

How can you make your business asuccess? First, build a good reputation.Be the kind of babysitter one parent willrecommend to another. A reputablebabysitter has several characteristics.

0 He or she is dependable. Whenyou tell a parent you will sit for her childon Friday night, she knows you will bethere. You don’t cancel. Being de-pendable also means that parents candepend on you to carry out their instruc-tions. lf little Susie is to go to bed at7:30 pm, you will see that she does it.If James should not have sweet things

between meals, you won’t give in whenhe begs you.

Being dependable as a babysitter iseasier if you are also dependable inother areas of your life. Are you de-pendable at home? At school? Do youfinish your chores and your homeworkwithout having to be reminded or push-ed? When you make promises to yourfriends, try to keep them. Practice beingdependable; make it a habit.

o A reputable babysitter is responsi-ble. He or she knows what to do. Learnall you can about young children. Readbooks about child development. Talk withparents and other people who work withyoung children. Ask other experiencedbabysitters for suggestions. Knowingtypical behavior at each age will help youdo a better job. Learning more about theparticular child you babysit will help youdeal with individual personalities. Talkwith each child’s parents. How is theirchild different?

Being responsible involves knowingabout the place where you are babysit-ting. Know alternative ways to get out ofthe house or apartment if there is anemergency. Know the location of thethings you will need to care for the child.What about pets? Are they supposed tostay in or out of the house? What shouldyou do if the boa constrictor or hamsteris missing from its cage? Are there anyother special situations you should know?

0 He or she uses good judgment inmaking decisions. Parents can’t writedown everything! You will need to useyour common sense about a lot ofthings. Are you the kind of person whogets excited and flustered when a situa-tion doesn’t go just like you expected?Are you the one who can be calm, thinkabout what is happening, and then takeaction? Can you make decisions quicklyand with confidence? Decisions may betrivial one day or a matter of life anddeath on another day.

Practice being decisive. How long doesit take you to decide what kind of icecream you want when you have 25flavors from whiCh to choose? How longdoes it take you to decide what you aregoing to wear to school? How long wouldit take you to get out of your own houseif the front and back doors were on fireor could not be used?0 A reputable babysitter maintains

confidentiality. Don’t gossip about thefamilies for whom you babysit. You maysee and hear things that are personal orprivate matters. It is sort of like knowingwhat is in the family diary. Families trustthat you will keep confidences. It may bethat your interpretation of what you seeor hear is not a correct one.

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On the other hand, if you feel that youor the child are in danger, you may wantto talk with your parents about the situa-tion. An example might be the presenceof a drunk adult.Business Etiquette

Good business etiquette is anotherway to insure success. Know how tobehave on the job. Be neat and clean inyour appearance. Be courteous to thechildren and their families. Clean upthose areas of the house that you use inbabysitting.

it is not good business etiquette toentertain your friends while you arebabysitting. The parents hired you tolook after their child. Telephoning yourfriends takes you from your work andkeeps parents from calling you.

Don’t use the television or stereo orany other equipment without permissionand instructions for operation. You wouldnot want to use your profits to replace orrepair them.

Don't eat anything or feed the childanything without the parent’s permission.If you have a “hollow leg,” bring yoursnacks from home and eat them whenthe child has gone to bed.

Business Records

A successful business has accuraterecords. Keep notes about each child,then list emergency telephone numbersand other instructions. Do you have anotebook or folder in which to keep thisinformation?You will also want to keep records of

the money you earn and your expenses.Form a good habit of keeping your

records up-to-date. Then when you wanttoinclude babysitting in a long-termrecord, you will have the information.When you have a career and a larger in-come, you will be prepared to handlemore money.Having accurate records will help you

maintain a good business relationshipwith your customers, also. You can keeptrack of your charges and whether youhave been paid for your babysittingservices.Ask your leader or agent about the

4-H Learn to Earn Project manual forother suggestions about keeping records.

It Pays to Advertise

Your best advertisement is satisfiedcustomers. One family tells another fami-ly that they like your babysitting. Whenholidays or summertime come and youhave time to do more babysitting, youmay want to advertise in other ways.Make a poster or write an announce-

ment to put in a public place in yourneighborhood. Think about places thatmothers of young children will be visiting.Of course, you will want to learn aboutany new families before you babysit thefirst time. They will also want to learnmore about you.

Suggested Activities

Reread the characteristics of ababysitter with a good reputation.Check yourself. Do you have a goodreputation? Where do you need toimprove? Check yourself again in amonth. Are you doing better? Write astory to show how you have changed.

1.

2. Starting with the ones describedabove, make a list of 00’s andDon’ts for Babysitters.

3. Make a record book for yourbabysitting business. Include arecord of your finances, a list ofemergency numbers, informationabout each child with whom youbabysit, and something about howpreschool children grow anddevelop.

4. Make a poster or announcementabout your babysitting service.

5. Make business cards to advertiseyour babysitting service.

6. Talk with experienced babysitters.Ask how they got'started in thebusiness.

7. Ask your 4-H leader or Extensionagent about the 4-H Learn to EarnProject. Consider enrolling in thisproject along with your BabysittingProject.

8. Open a bank/savings account foryour babysitting funds.

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Prepared by Fran Wagner, Human Development SpecialistExtension Home EconomicsIllustrations by Michael W. Walker

Published byTHE NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE

North Carolina State University at Raleigh, North Carolina Agricultural and TechnicalState University at Greensboro, and the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperating.State University Station. Raleigh, N. C., Chester D. Black, Director. Distributed in fur-therance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30. 1914. The North Carolina Agri-cultural Extension Service offers its programs to all eligible persons regardless of race.color, or national origin. and is an equal opportunity employer.2-84-3M 4H M-10-21