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You and Your DNA!

Biology Chapter 7

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Genetic ______The ______ of the cell.

_______ is determined by it.

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DNA the blueprints of lifeWho first discovered it?

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Johann Friedrich ________ 1869Nucleus was acidic so he called it “_____ ___”

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Frederick _______ Mouse ExperimentLive and dead __________ injected into mice

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Live with capsule killed mice

Dead with capsule no kill

No capsule live no killNo capsule w/dead capsule killed

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Avery,McCarty and _____Found DNA as ______ factor

Eliminated proteins, lipids… with enzymes

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Hershey & Chase___________Radioactive tags

On _______ coatOn _____ - was passed

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DNA Structure _______

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4 bases in DNAAdenineGuanine ThymineCytocine }___________

}_________

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Purines

Pyrimidines

____ Rings of Carbon

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_____ Ring of Carbon

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Erwin Chargraff

Adenine bases always equal # of _______ bases

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Rosalind ________1950’s used ______ ________

Saw repeating units

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Watson & Crick

2 long DNA ChainsSpiraled into a ______ ______

_____ won the Nobel Prize

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Bases paired up from one strand to another

_ – C _ – T

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A Right-Hand Turn, with each full turn is ____Base Pairs

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DNA CODE3 base pairs code for an _____ ____Ex. CCC, AAG…

Genetic code is alphabet of these

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Replication: Helicase protein

Replication ForkSeperated by

________ enzymes

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Replication DNA _________ Very precise process_____ in 10,000, correcting to 1 in

a billion Misreads lead to ________ &

death

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RNA – whats the deal with that?Ribose sugarSingle strand_____ replaces thymine

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How do you make RNA?__________Why-

Because DNA doesn’t leave the nucleus

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mRNA- ________ RNAMoves around the cell to spread the DNA word

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RNA makes the proteins4 code letters- AGCUMake ____ AA__ nucleotides per AA

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Reading RNAEvery _ letters is a codon.

Start at ___Stop at UAA, UAG, UGA

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Translation

mRNA attaches to a _______.

Ribosomes make a protein from the mRNA

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In the cytoplasm, a ribosome attaches to the mRNA and translates its message into a polypeptide

The process is aided by ______ RNAs

Transfer RNA molecules serve as interpreters during translation

Figure 10.11A

Hydrogen bond

Amino acid attachment site

RNA polynucleotide chain

Anticodon

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Each ______ molecule has a triplet ________ on one end and an amino acid attachment site on the other

Figure 10.11B, CAnticodon

Amino acidattachment site

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Ribosomes build polypeptides

Figure 10.12A-C

Codons

tRNAmolecules

mRNA

Growingpolypeptide

Largesubunit

Smallsubunit

mRNA

mRNAbindingsite

P site A site

P A

Growingpolypeptide

tRNA

Next amino acidto be added topolypeptide

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mRNA, a specific tRNA, and the ribosome subunits assemble during initiation

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Initiator tRNA

mRNA

Startcodon Small ribosomal

subunit

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P site

Largeribosomalsubunit

A site

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1 Codon recognition

Amino acid

Anticodon

AsiteP site

Polypeptide

2 Peptide bond formation

3 Translocation

Newpeptidebond

mRNAmovement

mRNA

Stopcodon

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Flow of Genetic Information

DNAReplication

RNATranscription

ProteinTranslation

The first opportunity to regulatehow the DNA is read

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Translation

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More TranslatioN

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More Translation

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Translation, part 4