OIL & GAS ACCOUNTABILITY PROJECT www.ogap.org You may think all our air pollution comes from here. THINK AGAIN Air Pollution is released at all stages of oil and gas operations, from exploration and drilling to processing. Natural gas and associated byproducts are released during venting, dehydration, gas processing, compression, leaks from equipment (fugitive emissions), and when wastes are brought to the surface and evaporated from open pits. Regulations fall short. In most states oil and gas facilities are not required to obtain air quality permits, nor have strict emis- sion controls, unless they exceed a specified volume of emissions or engine size. Since most individual well sites do not meet the permit threshold they are not required to have air permits. Consequently, the type and amount air pollutants from tens of thousands of well sites across the country are not known, and will remain unknown until regulations are improved. TYPICAL CONTAMINANTS • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), include benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and many other harmful substances. They combine with NO x to form ground level ozone. • Benzene, a VOC often released during venting and dehydration, is known to cause cancer. • Methane (CH 4 ), a VOC, is a powerful greenhouse gas. • Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) may be released by flaring and venting. Is harmful at low levels and fatal at high levels. • Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) are released during flaring and burning of diesel fuel or natural gas. They combine with VOCs to form ground level ozone. • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in oil and gas formations, and are produced when hydrocarbons are burned. Some PAHs cause cancer. • Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is released when natural gas and diesel are burned. It contributes to particulate pollution and acid rain. • Particulate matter is produced by exhaust fumes, dust and other air emissions. These small particles get lodged in the lungs and may lead to many health problems. PUMP JACK FLARING COMPRESSOR DEHYDRATOR PITS VENTING asthma • cancer • neurological damage • pulmonary reduction • coronary problems • endocrine disruption • headaches Potential Health Impacts COMPRESSOR

You may think all our air pollution comes from here. THINK

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OIL & GASACCOUNTABILITYPROJECT www.ogap.org

You may think all our air pollution comes from here.

THINK AGAINAir Pollution is released at all stages ofoil and gas operations, from exploration and drilling to processing.Natural gas and associated byproducts are released during venting,dehydration, gas processing, compression, leaks from equipment(fugitive emissions), and when wastes are brought to the surfaceand evaporated from open pits.

Regulations fall short. In most states oil and gas facilitiesare not required to obtain air quality permits, nor have strict emis-sion controls, unless they exceed a specified volume of emissions orengine size. Since most individual well sites do not meet the permitthreshold they are not required to have air permits. Consequently,the type and amount air pollutants from tens of thousands of wellsites across the country are not known, and will remain unknown

until regulations are improved.

TYPICAL CONTAMINANTS • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), include benzene,

toluene, formaldehyde, and many other harmful substances.They combine with NOx to form ground level ozone.

• Benzene, a VOC often released during venting and dehydration, is known to cause cancer.

• Methane (CH4), a VOC, is a powerful greenhouse gas.

• Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may be released by flaring andventing. Is harmful at low levels and fatal at high levels.

• Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are released during flaring andburning of diesel fuel or natural gas. They combine withVOCs to form ground level ozone.

• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present inoil and gas formations, and are produced when hydrocar-bons are burned. Some PAHs cause cancer.

• Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is released when natural gas anddiesel are burned. It contributes to particulate pollutionand acid rain.

• Particulate matter is produced by exhaust fumes, dustand other air emissions. These small particles get lodgedin the lungs and may lead to many health problems.

PUMP JACK

FLARING

COMPRESSOR

DEHYDRATOR

PITS

VENTING

asthma • cancer • neurological damage • pulmonary reduction • coronary problems •endocrine disruption • headaches

PotentialHealth Impacts

COMPRESSOR