you mean the devil's brew, the poison scourge, the bloody monster, that defiles innocence, dethrones reason, destroys the home, creates misery and poverty, yea, literally takes the bread from the mouths of little children;

if you mean the evil drink that topples … man and woman from the pinnacle of righteous, gracious living into the bottomless pit of degradation, and despair, and shame and helplessness, and hopelessness, then certainly I am against it.

oil of conversation, the philosophic wine, the ale that is consumed when good fellows get together, that puts a song in their hearts and laughter on their lips, and the warm glow of contentment in their eyes; if you mean Christmas cheer; if you mean the stimulating drink that puts the spring in the old gentleman's step on a frosty, crispy morning;

if you mean the drink which enables a man to magnify his joy, and his happiness, and to forget, if only for a little while, life's great tragedies, and heartaches, and sorrows; if you mean that drink, the sale of which pours into our treasuries untold millions of dollars, which ……. build highways and hospitals and schools, then certainly I am for it.

• Greener Earth; • Cleaner air, water, land; • Sustainability; • All jurisdictions participate with

representation; • Not a dictum of so-called Green

Tyrants or empire building technocrats

Then I am in favor of it.

• Entities are forced to spend money and resources for no apparent short term gain; or medium term gain;

Sometimes questionable if there will ever be a gain.

• People’s waste is subject to inspection, subject to fines, wherein the fine does not fit the crime.

• Real wages are dampened for no true gain. …

In lieu of water supply, wastewater management, schools, roads, bridges, and other public goods that may serve society as a whole in better ways.

Then I believe it is not a practical

economic, engineering or public policy objective.

Jurisdictions are forced to spend money on waste reduction and recycling of little marginal achievement … …

• Public Policy, i.e. mandate • Basic Economics • Engineering

Few Items – Sustainability/Efficiency Trade Offs Public Expenditures

Not a practical economic, engineering public policy objective.

Favor Re-Use Recycling to the extent practical Favor Resource Recovery of what cannot be

practically recycled Favor the lined landfilling of remainder Promote Source Reduction and Producer

Responsibility to the extent practical; with acknowledgement of consumer choice.

Balanced the above with other priorities of society.

State’s Rights Right not to recycle; accept others waste. Right to Landfill in responsible way.

Local Autonomy New England Towns & Cities … Counties, Cities. Charged with Supply of other Public Goods. Then …

Entrusted with weighing of trade-offs of their resources.

EPA, adopted by CT DEEP

SOURCE REDUCTION AND REUSE – MORE VOLUME OF THE PYRAMID

RECYCLING AND COMPOSTING

ENERGY RECOVERY

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL STILL PRESENT

Land of Steady Habits. Place where the first two dictionaries published

in America.

Definitions are important to any serious discussion or debate.

Zero waste is a goal that is ethical, economical, and efficient and visionary, to guide people in changing their lifestyles and practices to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded materials are designed to become resources for others to use. Zero waste means designing and managing products and processes to systematically avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them. Implementing zero waste will eliminate all discharges to land, water, or air that are a threat to planetary, human, animal, or plant health.

Zero waste is so nuanced that it takes a 100 words to describe it; or It means different things to different folks; or It is convoluted and it can mean whatever you want it to mean to feel good.

The United States Zero Waste Business Council (USZWBC) has adopted this same definition,

USZWBC web site

….vision is to advance the integrity and credibility of Zero Waste.

…. measure of success is for Businesses and communities to achieve 90% diversion from landfills and incinerators.

Businesses and communities to achieve 90% diversion from

landfills and incinerators.

Not quite sure if that what it means after reading dozens

of pieces on the topic.

Zero Waste means 90% diversion from landfills and incinerators

And “emulates” natural cycles match or surpass (a person or achievement),

typically by imitation

“Zero Waste to Landfill” is not accepted as a goal, as it usually means burning a

substantial portion of discarded materials.

Or is diversion to a waste-to-energy plant, OK. And Is diversion to a C & D sorting facility, or special purpose MRF, or a dirty MRF “OK”

Achieving Net Zero Waste means reducing, reusing, and recovering waste streams to convert them to valuable resources with zero solid waste sent to landfills over the course of the year. United States Environmental Protection Agency

a science concerned with the process or system

by which goods and services are produced, sold, and bought (Merriam Webster)

the branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth. (Google)

Free Market Economics, of Adam Smith and Milton Friedman, very much emulates natural cycles … survival of the fittest

… low hanging fruit

Given that we have limited resources, (labor, capital, land & material)

we should not be striving to expend

unreasonable levels of other resources

to recovery other resources of limited value.

landfill ban, if strictly applied, does little … drives incineration, and creates a “lock-in” effect

government policies that affect the whole population (Merriam Webster)

principled guide to action taken by the administrative executive branches of the state. (Wikipedia)

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100

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Marginal Effort RECYCLING & SOURCE REDUCTION

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Law of diminishing returns As you increase a factor of production There is a decrease in the incremental output.

Law of declining marginal utility ………. As a person consumes something there will be a utility decline

Law of diminishing returns As you increase a factor of production There is a decrease in the incremental output.

Law of declining marginal utility ………. As a person consumes something, decline utility

More than Education

Those who persisted to put out the wrong waste were given £100 fines,

which could generate up to £10,900 for the council.

Allan Gerlat, News Editor, Waste360, 1/8/2014

The study reports that 72 percent of Americans don’t compost at home, but 67 would be willing to do so if it was easier.

Issue with Contamination ……. why don’t residents do it right.

Walker Orenstein, Associated Press Updated 10:34 pm, Wednesday, April 27, 2016

SEATTLE (AP) — An effort in Seattle to stop residents from tossing food scraps and other compost into the trash was ruled unconstitutional on Wednesday by a judge who said trash collectors poking through people's garbage violates privacy rights. King County Superior Court Judge Beth M. Andrus voided enforcement of the city ordinance in a written ruling, but she did not invalidate the ban on throwing away compost. The now-defunct rule went into effect early last year, and it required trash collectors to tag garbage cans that contain more than 10 percent compostable material with education information. A group of homeowners sued the city over the ordinance, and lawyers representing them said it made garbage collectors snoop through trash like police detectives. Andrus wrote that trash collectors' search of garbage is a disturbance of people's private affairs.

This EBC Solid Waste Management program will discuss the challenges facing anaerobic digester developers in Massachusetts. Conventional wisdom led many to believe that the organics food waste ban would result in a burgeoning opportunity for anaerobic digesters to thrive throughout the Commonwealth. While several new facilities are in the conceptual stage of development, the growth of the industry has been slower than many people expected. This technical session will include presentations regarding (1) History and regulatory review of anaerobic digester projects, (2) Marketplace/demand for organics waste management, (3) Air quality and electrical interconnection hurdles, and (4) Market for purchase of renewable energy.

Glass & Metal Food Containers Non-Residential High Grade White Office Paper Old Newspaper Old Corrugated Containers, i.e. (cardboard boxes) Scrap Metal HDPE and PETE Plastic Containers Boxboard Magazines Residential High Grade White Paper Colored Ledger Waste Oil Lead Acid Storage Batteries, Ni-Cd Rechargeable Batteries Leaves Grass Clipping

While many take acception to some of the methods proposed in the CMMS, Haven’t heard that the math isn’t right. Working on complete accounting … of the materials

State-wide FY2013 recycling rate 35% With: • Source Reduction • Recycling rate to 45% • AD, Compost etc. Achieve 60% by 2024

State which has generally been out front on recycling Product stewardship, some skepticism Also out front on waste-to-energy plant development Waste-to-energy plants have and do serve state well MSW, wood (green and C & D), sludge, tire (now shut down)

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Percent Recycled

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Diverse state 30 years Targeting 60%, whole accounting. i.e. Based on 10 % = 10 %; Zero = 10% or 35 % = 10% = 0% Since 25% was “diverted to sort” and 10 % gross is waste 35% = 0%

the application of mathematics, empirical evidence and scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge in order to invent, innovate, design, build, maintain, research, and improve structures, machines, tools, systems, components, materials, and processes (Google)

Absolute Advances Magnetic Separation Eddy Current Air Knives Optical sorters Screen Technology, finger screens, star screens,

drums, decks, continual innovations Destoners, to remove dense materials Neither the machines nor line pickers are 100

percent efficient

Machine has 60-75 percent recovery Materials being sorted, (single stream or C & D) Two in series have 84-94 percent recovery One machine with human pickers would also

achieve greater recovery

If the cost of second machine or picker is greater than the value of 10% of inbound fraction of that material, is it “good practice” to design for 2 machines, or multiple pickers after clean-up

All in cost of the system Throughput tpd, tph

Transportation & Disposal Costs, Residue Commodity Pricing

Labor Prices Engineering evaluation may change over time

Fibers, Paper, Cardboard Pressure treated wood Glass and Ceramics Composite Materials C & D (esp. the D)

Certainly are recyclable

Many companies that have for 3-4 generations, over 50 years,

prior to the DEP, EPA, or Boy Scout Paper Drives

Facial Tissues Bathroom Tissue Sanitary Napkins

Medical Waste Otherwise contaminated materials

Otherwise Made Difficult to Recover or Recycle

Efficiency of Wood, Increased Longevity Great number of uses to people Ground contact, Sill Plate, Fence Posts Potentially Wet Areas

(Shower/Bath frame, support) Mechanism to recycle = ?? Rationale for elimination of this product Landfill or burn biomass or WTE … Debate in

itself, regardless, not likely to be recycled within a foreseeable planning period, effort is not worth the return.

Grow Like Trees.

Sustainability really isn’t an issue with respect to supply.

Market as a whole, supply, demand, recycling

works. Cardboard, Paper, recycled prior to government mandate.

Certainly are recyclable Can be re-used

Not made from “rare” raw materials (so plentiful, as to not ever “run out”)

Native Americans recognized broken jugs could be replaced.

Disposal doesn’t pose great risk, / toxicity

Natural and artificial composites Application Composites: Food Clothing and Medical Made of 2, 3, 4 more materials; stitched, wound, bounded or woven together So costly to separate as to be un-efficient to recycle … WTE or landfill

To unmake these?

Other products

Germ warfare

?

ONLY SHOWING SMALL PEOPLE DIAPERS

A lot burned, ultimately some may be composted … we’ll see

Water Supply

Wire-wound Wood Pipes

Flint Water Crisis Shines Light on Lead Pipes Across U.S.

Michigan city’s woes expose the danger of aging infrastructure; replacing old pipes is

difficult and costly

Since Flint People are looking for lead, and it is showing up in school water systems. According to a Boston Water and Sewer official It is manageable, take time and money to fix.

Wastewater Collection and Treatment

Capital investment needs for the nation’s wastewater and stormwater systems are estimated to total $298 billion over the next twenty years.

Six years prior to the infrastructure report, expenditures had been $ 15 Billion total Or one-sixth (1/6) rate suggested as needed future years, $ 15 B/year

Combined Sewer Elimination, (CSO problems) Sanitary Sewer Overflow Mitigation (SSO problems) Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System, MS4 Rules, (Illicit Discharge (problems)

Detection and Elimination)

Solid Waste Management Industry Isn’t Zero Waste just a thing that is good for the

industry.

No. Franchise rights that will result in less

competition in long run. Monopolies that practical standpoint, are

nearly always inefficient.

International or Federal Standards.

Libertarian principal of less government goes on alert.

Technically sound practices, like waste-to-energy,

looked down upon, as some believe should be eliminated because “too wasteful”.

Judge Sweat’s talk has be offered as an example of political double speak.

Doesn’t it point out that two perspectives can

be had on a subject.

Also, the greater context of both prohibition and zero waste, high-ground arguments, in the end, need to be balanced with practical aspects,

other public goods, & of human nature.

"Soggy" Sweat, Jr.

(October 2, 1922 – February 23, 1996)

judge, law professor, and state representative from Mississippi