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Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be grouped
into families bases on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family
react differently with
other elements.The horizontal rows are called periods and are labeled from 1 to 7.The vertical columns are called groups or
families and are labeled from 1 to 18.
HydrogenHydrogen belongs to a
family of its own.Hydrogen is a diatomic,
reactive gas.Hydrogen was involved
in the explosion of the Hindenberg.
Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles
color hydrogen color 1
ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member, it
is a non-metal1 electron in the outer shellSoft and silvery metalsVery reactive, esp. with waterConduct electricityColor the rest of this group
color 2
Alkali Metals 1st column on the
periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen.
Very reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature (like in salt).
Soft enough to cut with a butter knife
ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in the
outer shellWhite and malleableReactive, but less
than Alkali metalsConduct electricityColor the Alkaline
Earth Metals color 3
Alkaline Earth MetalsSecond column on
the periodic table. (Group 2)
Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature.
Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca
TRANSITION METALSGroups 3-12
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Some are used for jewelry.
The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.
Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
Color Transition Metals color 4
Transition MetalsElements in
groups 3-12Less reactive
harder metalsIncludes metals
used in jewelry and construction.
Metals used “as metal.”
BORON FAMILY Group 133 electrons in
the outer shellMost are metalsBoron is a
metalloidColor Boron
Family color 5
Boron FamilyElements in
group 13Aluminum metal
was once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal.”
CARBON FAMILY Group 144 electrons in
the outer shellContains
metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)
Color Carbon Family with color 6
Carbon Family Elements in group 14
Contains elements important to life and computers.
Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry.
Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
NITROGEN FAMILY Group 155 electrons in the
outer shellCan share electrons
to form compoundsContains metals,
metalloids, and non-metals
Color the nitrogen family with color 7
Nitrogen FamilyElements in group 15Nitrogen makes up
over ¾ of the atmosphere.
Nitrogen and phosphorus are both important in living things.
Most of the world’s nitrogen is not available to living things.
The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.
OXYGEN FAMILY or Chalcogens Group 166 electrons in
the outer shellContains
metals, metalloids, and non-metals
ReactiveColor the
Oxygen family with color 8
Oxygen Family or ChalcogensElements in group
16Oxygen is
necessary for respiration.
Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)
Halogens Group 177 electrons in
the outer shellAll are non-
metalsVery reactive
are often bonded with elements from Group 1
Color the Halogen group with color 9
HalogensElements in group 17Very reactive,
volatile, diatomic, nonmetals
Always found combined with other element in nature .
Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.
Noble GasesGroup 18Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the
outer shell = FullHelium (He) has
only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with other elements
Color the noble gases with color 10
The Noble GasesElements in group 18VERY unreactive,
monatomic gasesUsed in lighted
“neon” signsUsed in blimps to fix
the Hindenberg problem.
Have a full valence shell.
Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive
The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
Conduct electricity
Color Rare Earth Metals with color 11
