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MARGINAL NOTES
INTRODUCTIONThe Quaternary geology ot the Pot Burwell (NT.S. 40 1/10) map area was mapped during tne summers ot 1982 and 1983 Trie author was ably assisted by Andis Zilans J.M. Sando, and S L Waters in 1982. and J.M. Sando in 1983,
Quaternary geological mapping consisted of determining the area! dis tribution and the stratigraphic relationships of sediments of Quaternary age that occur within this region. This involves the examination of natural exposures of the Quaternary sediments along the Lake Erie shorebluffs and along the numerous rivers and creeks of the area. Soil orobes and nand augers were used together with air photographs at the scale 1:15 840 to delineate surface map units.
Sibul(1969) previously mapped a small part of the area surrounding Big Otter Creek, and Yakutchik and Lammers (1970} mapped an area along Big Creek.
The legend of this map is a combined Legend created for the Po^t Bur well map area and adjacent Long Point {40 1/9} map area. As a result. map unit 5d in the legend does not occur n this map area.
GEOLOGICAL SETTINGBedrock does not outcrop within the map area Quaternary sediments between 54 m and 105 m thick cover the surface (Barnett ef a!. 1983), Sanford p 969) has repo-ted that the Devonian Dundee Formation, a fine-grained, cherty limestone, occurs beneath this thick blanket of Qua ternary sediments in the northern part of the map area This formation is discontinuously overlain by "black bitjminous snale and minor limestone" of the Marceilus Formation in the southern part of the map area (Sanford 1969)
The Quaterna ry sediments observed in the area were deposited during Late Wisconsinan and Recent times. These sediments are predomi nantly the products o) glaciers which once occupied the Lake Erie basin, and of large proglacial lakes wnich fronted the glacial margins during their recession.
TILLTwo major tills have been mapped within the area, the Port Stanley Til) and the Wentworth Till.
Port Stanley TillThe Port Stanley Til' is a brown lo darn grey, clayey silt containing a small amount of grits, pebbles and coboles (usually ^-'\Vc}. It is commonly massive; however, minor amounts of stratification can be present. The massive units are deposited subglacially Dy the processes of lodgement or basa! melting. The stratified units are usua'ly packages of glacially de rived debris flows (debris sliding off the giacier along its margin) and are found more commonly in the end moraines of the area Individual debris flows (flow tills) seldom exceed 1 m in thickness. They consist of a mas sive core bordered by silt or very f'ne .grained sand layers or discontinu ous stringers or wisps of silt or sand
Along the Lake Erie bluffs, west of Port Burwell, 3 layers ot massive sub glacial Port Stanley Till are present, separated by deltaic bottomset sands and glaciolacustrine clays and silts. Flow till units usually occur ooth above and below the mass-ve Ml beds
The Port Stanley Till layers represent oscillations in the general retreat of the glacier during the Port Bruce Stadial (about 15 500 years B.P.).
A small part ot the Tillsonburg Moraine rises above the lake plam in the northwestern corner of l he map area. Part of the Courtland and Mabee Moraines and the "Lake View Termination" sediments trend northeast across the weslern end of tne map area. These moraines do not rise above the surrounding lake plain surface.
Wentworth TillThe Wentworth Till oulcrops in the eastern end of the map area. This till has been subdivided into 2 types on this map (units 2a and 2b), even though it was deposited during the same ice-marginal fluctuations. This subdivision is based on the differences in physical properties (e g. tex ture structure) which result from the various processes of till deposition anchor the differences m substrate overridden and incorporated by the glacier prior lo till deposition.
The Wentworth Till is predominantly a reddish Drown to grey silty clay to clayey silt, containing between 2 and 10"7c, clasts (map unit 2b) Although its structure is predominantly massive, mmor amounts of stratification can be present. This material was deposited for the most part along :he ma rgin of a grounded glacier (recessional moraine), and consists of a genera' sequence of subaqueous debris flows (debr-s s-idmg off the gla cier into an ice-dammed proglacial lake) overlain by a massive subgla cially deposited till, which is in turn overlain by additional debris units, in dividual debris flows (flow tills) within the debris flow unit seldom exceed 1 m in thickness and are sometimes only represented by thin wisps of silt and very line grained sand When glaciolacustrine sands, silts, or clays become predominant, the material is classified as glaciolacustrine
About A km west of Langton, a series of gritty silt debris flow beds (flow lills) containing 5 to IQ.% clasts are mapped as map unii 2a
Map unit 2b occurs as a northeast trending belt of outcrops north of Erie View, It is the southern extension of the Galt Moraine, which passes through the communities of Simcoe. Mount Pleasant, and Cambridge to the north and continues southwest beneath Lake Erie as the Norfolk Mo raine (Sly and Lewis 1972).
Two layers ot Wentworth Till are exposed along the . ake Erie sho^ebluffs east ot the Sand Hills The Wenlworth Till represents minor readvances o* the glac'al ice during the beginning of the Mackinaw Interstadial
GLACIOLACUSTRINE SEDIMENTSGlaciolacustrine sediments have been separated and mapped based on the predominant texture ot the material observed The glaciolacust rine clay (map unit 3) contains massive to laminated to !hiniy interbed ded clay, silty clay, and silt. The glaciolacustrine silt (map unit 4) con tains massive to laminated lo thinly interbedded silt, very fine grained sandy silt, clay and very line grained sand
Tne glaciolacustrine sano (map unit 5) is the dominant surface sediment throughout most of the map area. The sand may occur as predominantly fine- to medium-grained sand or massive to finely laminated (ripple and plane bedded). Most of the sand deposits in the area have been modified slight y by the wind (map unit 5a) and where large dunes have developed, an attempt has been made to delineate them on this map (unit5b).Map unit 5c is composed of rhythmically bedded very hrie lo fine grained sand to sit and C'ay These materials are older than l he surface sands and outc'op predominantly along creeks and the Lake Erie shore
Beach deposits {map unit 6) of Glacial Lake Whittlesey (elevations 238 to 241 rn above sea level) encircle the Ti ! lsonburg Moraine in the north western corner of the map area. These beach deposits are predomi nantly interbeddeo pebbly medium- to coarse-grained sand.
An abandoned lake bluff of Glacial Lake Warren occurs south of Siraf- fordville at an elevation of about 229 m above sea level
Low, step like drops in the lake plain surface have been ma rued by the abandoned lake bluff symbol on this map and may represent lower gla cial lake levels in the Erie basin.
FLUVIAL SEDIMENTSAlluvium, material deposited along rivers by lateral and velicai accre tion, has been divided into 2 unils. older and modern alluvium
Older alluvium (map unit 7, deposited by ancestra 1 streams) is found along terrace remnants above the modern flood pla.ns it is typically a medium- to very coarse grained sand that n-ay contain gravelly zones in this area.
Modern alluvium (map unit 9. material deposited by the present day creeks) is composed of sand. silt, clay and'or muck.
BOG AND SWAMP SEDIMENTSBog and swarrp deposes (map unit 8) are sediments hgh in organic content predominantly muck and peat. Long Po*nt Marsh is the major area of organic sediment accumulation in the Port Burwell map area
LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTSBeach sediments along the Lake Erie shoreline (map unit 10) are usually narrow and sandy, containing minor amounts of gravel-sized particles. The large spit east of Clear Creek (Long Point) is a notable exception Within this unit some dune sands are indicated
Large areas which have been changed by man. either by adding mate rial or reclaiming land by building dikes are included in map unit 1 f as till
RESOURCESGravel resources in this map area are scarce. Gravel or gravelly sand has been extracted from the Glacia- Lake Whittlesey beach deposits in Bayham Tcwnshio in the oast, however, no pits were in ooeration during the summers of 1982 and 1983.
Sand has been extracted from large dunes (map units 5b. 5a) through out the sand plain area predominantly for fill and to increase the amount of level acreage available for cropland
80^30'
REFERENCESBarnett, P.J . Bajc, A.F . and Sando. J.M1983: Drift Thickness ot the Port Burwell Area. Southern Ontario; Ontario Gfiologi-
calSu'vey. Map P 2589. Drift Thickness Series, scale 1-50000
Sandford. B V1969. Geology Toronto-Windsor Area, Geological Survey of Canada Map
1263A scale 1:250 000
Sibul. U
1969: Water Resources ot the Big Ottawa Creek Drainage Basin: Ontario Water Resources Commission. Division of Water Resources Water Resources Report 1 91 p.
Sly. P G , and Lewis. C F M1972: The Great Lakes of Canada Quaternary Geology and Limnology Excur
sion A43. 24th Session, International Geological Congress, 92o
Yakutchik, T J , and Lamrners, W1970: Water Resources of the Big Creek Drainage Basin; Ontario Wate r Re
sources Commission Division of Water Resources, Water Resources Re port 2.
Ministry ofNaturalResources
Hon Alan W. Pope Minister
W T FosterDeputy Mmisler
Ontario
ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MAPF.2624
GEOLOGICAL SERIES - PRELIMINARY MAP
QUATERNARY GEOLOGY
PORT BURWELL AREASOUTHERN ONTARIO
Mile l
Scale 1:50000
o l M,le
Metre. 1000 O 1 Kilometre
NTS Reference: 40 1/10ODM-GSC Aeromagnetic Map: 4576G
OGS Geological Compilalion Map: 2418
OMNR-OGS1983
Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given and the material is properly referenced.
This map is published with the permission of E G Pye, Director, Ontario Geological Survey
INDEX TC QUATERNAF
IN T
LAKE
' -s. \
* '\
;-aj'
) PRELIMINARY 1Y GEOLOGY Mf
HIS AREA
tfJl.
\PSS
RS
^s
[HURON , 'CMS!.?.
. ( *,,v...•Lu:kia.
jR1Z32f
i
'R 2222
-f^,,,?
-iC 'pYsN
.Xos
i..
P 974B( no 1 *^
'"^ FV-.Mi
R 1065
P 1972
t-: "nut
s P 1233
P956
p91 fi
P 1048
P 238~^-
x''
..^"'r
Mi
G e or g i a
Ba/
t;P 1556
^R 1185
P 701
R 1214
5^.--^rrr~
EflJt!" ^,
^"
n V, (y ^' fL"
R 919:1 RW
RS48
R 189
R26fl4
Rt n
R 582
'P
S1fi
R 1054
ft'2616
a
^y*-
11
WiK -~ affil " J-i
R -^j-
97fl "^
R 835 '
R 47 7-*
-^J\ .li ji-('M s ' '
R 993"
JOTI-
S""™8 j Lindbav.'
R836
R 244
UV, OON ro ' 8L"!A Kg,--"' "f 414 c"'"'Wr/ffl.'O ,,^
P 764 ^r "
"R 796V- J
.-••'' y '^
^x'
,'!i 30 Mi Ir i
LEGEND
PHANEROZOIC CENOZOIC
QUATERNARY RECENT
Fill
Modern Lake Erie beach deposits: sand, gravel andsand
Modern alluvium 1 unditterentiated sand, sil!, clay, muck
Bog and swamp deposits; muck, peal
PLEISTOCENE Late Wisconsinan
Older alluvium 1 medium- to coarse-grained sand, oc casional gravel
Glaciolacustrine beach or nearshore deposits; gravel, gravelly sand
Glaciolacustrine sand deposits; fine- to medium- grained sand5a Modified slightly by wind 5b Large dune5c Older rhythmically bedded very fine to fine
grained sand5d Older medium- to very coarse grained sand, mi
nor gravel*
Glaciolacustrine silt deposits; clayey silt to very line sandy sil
GlaciolacLstrine clay deposits: clay to s-lt and clay
Wentworth Till; silty clay to silt2a Silt till2b Silty clay to clayey silt till
Port Stanley Till; clayey silt to silty clay
These deposits do not occur within the Port Burwell area but are found in the Long Point area to the east.
SYMBOLS
Geological boundary; approximate, grada- tional
Fluvial terrace
Aoandoned shore bluff
-^^P l Area of small dunes
Sand and/or gravel pil
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Basemap National Topographic Series 40 1/10.
Air photographs: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.
Contour interval 25 feet.
Magnetic declination 1 Approximately 603V in 1977.
Metric Conversion Factor; 1 foot ^ O 3048 m,
CREDITS
Geology by P J Barnell, 1982,1983.
Drafting by J.M. Sando.
Every possible effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the in formal ion presented on this map; however, the Ontario Ministry of Natu ral Resources does not assume any liability for errors that may occur Users may wish to verify critical information; sources include both the references listed here, and information on file at the Resident or Regional Geologist's office and the Mining Recorder's office nearest the map area.
Issued 1983
Information from this publication may be quoted if credit is given, (t is recommended that reference be made m the following form:
Barnett, P.J.1983. Quaternary Geology of the Port Burwell Area. Southern Ontario;
Ontario Geological Survey, Map P 2624. Geological Series-Prelim inary Map, scale 1:50000 Geology 1982 1983.
