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Youth Who Received Informal Handling/Supervision in 2006. DCJ Quality & Evaluation Services April 2009 Prepared by: Liang Wu, Sr. Research Analyst Charlene Rhyne, PhD, Manager. Juvenile Justice Involvement for Youth Who Received informal Supervision in 2006. Age at Time of Informal. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Youth Who Received Informal Handling/Supervision in 2006
DCJ Quality & Evaluation ServicesApril 2009
Prepared by: Liang Wu, Sr. Research AnalystCharlene Rhyne, PhD, Manager
2
Juvenile Justice Involvement for Youth Who Received informal Supervision in 2006
92 had formal supervision between 2006 and March 2009
114 had warning between 2006 and March 2009
271 did not have warning or formal probation. They were the
“Informal-only’ youth
526 youth who had Informal as their
referral’s first action in 2006
49 youth had both warning
and formal probation
3
Age at Time of Informal
• average = 15.4 years; median = 16 years
Age group # of youth
13 years or under 33
14 years old 45
15 years old 51
16 years old 61
17 years old 62
18 years old 19
Total 271
Age Distribution at Time of Informal
18 years old7%
17 years old23%
16 years old22%
15 years old19%
14 years old17%
13 or under12%
4
Gender Distribution
Gender Distribution of Youth Placed on Informal Supervision
0 50 100 150 200 250
Female
Male
# of youth 70 201
Female Male
74%
26%
5
Race/Ethnicity Distribution
Race/Ethnicity # of Youth
American Indian/Alaskan
Native 5
Asian 8
Black 61
Hispanic 39
White 150
Unknown/Other 8
Total 271
Race/Ethnicity Distribution of Youth Placed on Informal
American Indian/Alaskan
Native2%
Asian3%
Black23%
Hispanic14%
White55%
6
Law Type # of youth % of youth
Felony 70 25.8
Misdemeanor 194 71.6
Violation 4 1.5
Other 3 1.1
Total 271 100
Allegation Law Type of the Informal Trigger Referral
7
Law category # of youth % of youth
Person 84 31.0
Property 131 48.3
Behavioral 45 16.6
Other 11 4.1
Total 271 100
Allegation Law Category of the Informal Trigger Referral
8
Age at 1st dependency referral # of youth % of youth
5 years old or younger 22 40.0
between 6 and 10 years old 24 43.6
11 years or older 9 16.4
Total 55 100
Age at 1st Dependency Referral
• 55 = 20.3% of Informal only sample
• Average age at 1st dependency referral= 6.4 years
9
Referral Type N %
criminal referral 276 66.3%
violation 25 6.0%
status referral 58 13.9%
dependency referral 56 13.5%
Other 1 0.2%
Total 416 100%
Total Referrals* Incurred Prior to Informal Supervision
*excluding trigger referral. A youth could have more than one referrals
10
Number of Referral Youth had Prior to Informal
Percent of Youth Who Had Pre-Informal Referrals
No prior referral, 43.2%
2 prior referrals, 11.8%
3 or more prior referrals, 19.9%
1 prior referral, 25.1%
11
Most Serious Referral Youth Had Prior to Informal
61%
45%
11.8%
43.2%
Type of Referral Incurred Prior to Informal
122
117
32
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
No prior referral
Other referral
Criminal referral 45%
43%
12%
12
New Criminal Referrals After Informal Actions
Youth Re-offense Status After Informal (N=271)
202214
0
50
100
150
200
250
Within 1 Year Within 2 Years
Not recidivated Recidivated
79.0%
21.0%
74.5%
25.5%
13
1st Re-referral Law Type and Category
% of Recidivated Youth in Each Category (N=57)
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
# of new referrals Referral law type Referral law category
1 referral
2 referrals
3 +
Misdemeanor
Felony
Property offense
Behavioral
Person
14
Prior Referral Records and Recidivism
Differences for total prior referrals and # of prior criminal referrals between recidivated and non-recidivated youth are statistically significant
Average Number of Pre-informal Referrals
2.8
0.70.4
2.0
0.61.2
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Total referrals CriminalRef Status&DepRef
Recidivated Non-recidivated
15
Age at Referral and Informal Action by Re-offense Status
Differences for Age at 1st criminal referral are statistically significant
Average Age of Youth
15.2
13.5
5.7
15.514.6
6.6
0
4
8
12
16
Age at informal Age at 1st criminalreferral
Age at 1st dependencyor status referral
Youth Recidivated Youth Not Recidivated
16
Recidivism by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
Recidivism by Gender & Race/Ethnicity
92.9%
73.8%
74.4%
80.7%
79.1%
78.6%
7.1%
26.2%
25.6%
19.3%
20.9%
21.4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Other Minority
Black
Hispanic
White
Male
Female
% Not Recidivated % Recidivated
17
Risk Factors by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
Percent of Youth Having Risk Factor
Risk Factors Male Female White Non-White
Had prior criminal referral 44.3% 47.1% 40.0% 51.2%
Had prior dependency referral 15.9% 21.4% 16.0% 19.0%
Had any prior referral 56.2% 58.6% 54.0% 60.3%
Had informal at 13 or less 13.4% 8.6% 13.3% 10.7%
Had 1st criminal referral at 13 or less 31.8% 31.4% 28.7% 35.5%
Had 1st dependency referral at 6 or less 8.0% 12.9% 8.7% 9.9%
18
Recidivism Rate by Risk Factors
*Statistically significant at level of 0.05
Recidivism Rate by Risk Factors or Youth Attributes
Risk Factors Or Youth Attributes % recidivated % not recidivate
Had prior criminal referral*Yes 36.1% 63.9%
No 8.7% 91.3%
Had prior dependency referralYes 23.4% 76.6%
No 20.5% 79.5%
Had any prior referral*Yes 31.2% 68.8%
No 7.7% 92.3%
Had informal at 13 or lessYes 9.1% 90.9%
No 22.7% 77.3%
Had 1st criminal referral at 13 or less*Yes 30.2% 69.8%
No 16.8% 83.2%
Had 1st dependency referral at 6 or less
Yes 28.0% 72.0%
No 20.3% 79.7%
19
• Of 271 youth who received informal during 2006, • Excluding referrals associated with informal, the average number of
referrals prior to informal action was 1.5. • 45% had criminal referral prior to informal,• 5.2% had violation or status referral• 6.6% had dependency referral• 43.2% did not have pre-informal juvenile justice involvement so the
referral that triggered informal was their first referral. • 57 (21.0%) had at least one new criminal referral within one year of
informal. • Additional 4.4% of youth recidivated within 24-months of informal
• Preliminary analysis indicates that age at 1st criminal referral, and average number of total referrals prior to informal had statistically significant impact on recidivism
Summary