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(Keacutehograve bograveograveK ugraveZacircdividecucirciograveK _ZacircograveKucirc)An Agriculture Related Quarterly Magazine

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It gives me immense pleasure to see the

presence of 10th edition of

SHYAMALA SUBARNA The

magazine was started as a student

initiative to address the farmers

problem and provide them with

insights into the advancing technology

related to agriculture It has served its

purpose and can be rightfully proclaimed as the leading

agriculture magazine in Odisha

I wish this journey continues for a long span of

time

The lineage that it has created should be carried on

ages to come and be an inspiration for all the

agriculturists

Pragnya Paramita Feature Head(Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

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It is heartening to note that the students of

Centurion University is bringing out the

10th Edition of the quarterly Agricultural

magazine SHYAMALA SUBARNA

Heartfelt congratulations and

appreciations are extended to the entire

team on successful completion of the

second foundation year It gives me

immense pleasure to share how the magazine has provided an

excellent venue in the line of agriculture and allied sectors

successfully drawing the attention of the scientific community

of the university This magazine has also influenced the

budding minds by paving ways to make their contribution in

the field of agriculture

Dr S P Nanda

Dean(Admin) MSSSOA CUTM

Parlakhemundi

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The present day Agriculture scenario of India urges upon us to

bring a paradigm shift in the conventional Agriculture production

systems There should be a comprehensive approach in

reframing the present Agricultural structure thus including all

latest aspects of crop production and protection emphasizing on

zero budget natural farming by introduction of biofertilizers and

biopesticides can be the holistic alternative to todays high cost

chemical input based agriculture- which in my opinion is the

current need of the hour

Epsita swain Technical officer (Plant Pathology)

Dir Plant Protection Quarantine amp Storage GOI

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To ensure safe affordable amp enough food and overcome

farmersrsquo challenges around low productivity amp income it is

critical to transform Indian agriculture One of the key

priorities of the government is doubling farmersrsquo

incomesSuccess will depend on how farmers are

aggregated for production and marketing promotion of

contract farming cluster farming farmer producer

organizations and self-help groupsIndia needs a five-point

program that addresses agrarian challenges and brings

together various ongoing programs under one umbrella

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N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Pujyasmita Nayak

Pragnya Paramita

Rishikesh Sahoo

Soumya Sthitapragnya

Richa Mishra

Upasana Mohapatra

Sushree Suparna Mohapatra

Subhrajyoti Mishra

Jagadananda Pradhan

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Pyumlucirchuacuteu _leecirc Gjograve K`ograve cnotograve KograveYograve GVucircugravee

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Gjograve K`ograve aograveKacircograve ugravejaucirc ucircecedileecirc jograve^ ajecircZ

ugravefucircK_acircogravedZucirc jucircif Keograve _ucirceograveQograve ouml _acirc[c ograve^eecirc

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aRucirceugravee _jucircAaucirc _ucircAntilde ucirccucircR^ _eograve A-

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Keucirc~ucircAQograve oumlucircecedileecirc Gjucirc ugravefucircKu aacircucircŠ _ucircfUograve

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Gjograve ^ecirc_ucircZugravee ugrave~ucircMucircAaucirc icedila ugravejC ograve

ugraveaucircfograve Kecircjucirc~ucircCQograve ouml

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CcentucircUograveZ ugravejucircA[ocircugravef ccurren Gjucirce Kc ugravegh

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_ucircAntilde Kucircc PyumlucircfograveQograve ouml G[ocirc_ucircAntilde ~ordf_ucircZograve iaecirc ucirciograve

_jecircQograve ouml KograveQograve cucirci bograveZugravee Gjograve decirc^ograveU Kucirc~ethyacutelc

ugravejucircA_ucirceograveaucirc _ugravee K`ogravee cucirc^ ]ocircK aXogravea

ugraveaucircfograve ucircgucirc ejograveQograve ouml _e_lugravee K`ogravee Pyumlucircjograveucirc

aucircXecirc[ocircaucirceecirc ucircilaquoucirc ograve^ugravee ugraveKucirceucirc_ecircU Pyumlucirchuacuteu

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Keucirc~ucircAQograve ouml Rogravefaumlucircugravee Gugravea aucirchethograveK

550ugravecUacircograveK U^ K`ograve cnotograve cogravekecircQograve ouml ugraveZYecirc

ugraveKucirceucirc_ecircU K`ograveKecirc aacircucircŠograveotilde Keograve laquoRethucircZograveK

aRucirceugravee _jucircAaucircKecirc fl eLucirc~ucircAQograve ouml ucircilaquoucirc

ograve^ugravee _acircKacircograveducircKeY decirc^ograveU Kecirc aXucircAaucircKecirc ccurren

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K`ogravee ugraveAacuteucirce ugraveLucircfograveaucircKecirc ucircMacircj _acircKucircg _ucircAQograve ouml

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-39

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ke _ucircYograve_ucircMRkaucircdecirc I Rwf K`ograve Pyumlucirch

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K`ograve Pyumlucirch KeucircA_ucirceograveaucirc ouml K`ograve Pyumlucircheecirc ugrave^K

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ccurren ]ocircK cRbecircZ Keograve_ucirceogravea ouml

RograveucircA UyacuteucircM

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Z[ucirc ayacuteaiucircdograveK iotildeiUacuteucirc cucirc^u cogravekograveZ Cyacutecugravee

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gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-40

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]^yacuteugravee ]^yacute Zecirc KeacutehK bucircA

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cYograveh ugraveagugravee Zecircjograve Bgszlige ucircucirc

Leucirc aehucircKecirc ijograve ijograveKucirc

`if `kucircC bkograve bkograveKucirc ucircucirc

Keacutehograve ucircce ugravegacircAcirc D_ucircucirc^

KeacutehK aucircG ucircc Ruacutea^ ucircucirc

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PyumlucirchuacuteKecirc ucircugravec Keograveaucirc isup1ucirc^

cYograveh eigrave_ugravee ugravei bMaucirc^ ucircucirc

Pyumlucirchuacute jiograveugravef ecirc^ograveucirc jiogravea

iecirc^ucirc ugravejucircA~ogravea ucircRogravee ~ecircM ucircucirc

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Pyumlucirchuacute _ucircAntilde _ugrave

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-41

Agriculture Education

I myself had been

born and grown in

an urban area and

my first contact

with farming was

at university level during graduation

I was really surprised one day when

one of my close relative said that he

is unaware of the

agricultural course

that I was doing I

strongly believe that there is lack of

knowledge about the career

opportunities in agriculture sector

among the parents as well as the

students which results in choose of

engineering or medical courses

Many people think that farmers raise

crops and livestock to feed their own

families but they donrsquot realize that

because of these farmers only we are

eating thrice a day even during

locked down period However farms

today are specialized they do not

look like those in childrenrsquos books

Farming became hi-tech Most of the

farmers started using iPads laptops

drones and many more Some of

them have higher education like

diploma or Bachelorrsquos degree or

training certificate It is challenging

for any agricultural professor to

have a debate with an experienced

farmer

With a rapidly increasing

population and a demand to feed 96

billion people by the year 2050 the

world needs passionate youth who

are willing to make a commitment in

farming Therefore there is a need

toinspire young people by

showcasing stories about

peopleincluding some of the

software employees who have

successfully

launched

agribusiness start-

ups We saw many messages from

aspiring youth entrepreneurs who

are succeeded in agriculture

industries

Agricultural education program

must be established in urban schools

which could play a crucial role in

increasing the involvement of

students from high school level in

farming Innovative agriculture

projects assignments to be given for

the school students this leads to

develop agriculturally

knowledgeable students who can

succeed during their higher

education research

Mr N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Assistant Professor

Genetics and Plant Breeding

Centurion University

Paralakhemundi

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-42

Croprsquos

Paradise

Monsoon

Pujyasmita Nayak

Monsoon

is the seasonal

reversing wind

accompanied by

corresponding

changes in atmospheric circulation

and precipitation associated with the

asymmetric heating of land and sea

Monsoon signifies the directional

shifting of winds from one to other

season They flow from sea to land

during summer and from land to sea

during winter Monsoons are

seasonal winds which reverse their

direction with the change of season

India receives Southwest monsoon

winds in summer and northeast

monsoon in winter About 54 of

worldrsquos population depends on

monsoon rain for their crop

Usually Indian

meteorological Department (IMD)

releases long range or seasonal

forecast for Southwest monsoon in

two stage process 1st forecast is in

middle of April and 2nd

is issued in

1st week of June

In this

difficult time

of corona

pandemic

situation the only good

news about the Indian monsoon is

this year will have a normal

monsoon Quantitatively the

monsoon rainfall in 2020 is expected

to be 100 of its long period

Average (LPA) with a model error

of +_ 5 Usually we tell it normal

when probability of rainfall LPA is

between 96-104 This LPA is

calculated based on the average

rainfall over years 1961 to 2000 in

country as a whole According to

LPA Indiarsquos seasonal rain fall is

88cm and this year the forecast

probability is 41 So there is a high

probability of monsoon is likely to

be normal The above normal it is

104-110 of LPA with forecast

probability is 21 for excess gt110

LPA with forecast probability is 9

below normal 92-96 LPA with

forecast probability is 20 and

deficient rain with forecast

probability is 9 which will have

large adverse affect on agriculture

and allied sectors

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-43

As we are aware that IMD use

both statistical and dynamical model

for preparing monsoon forecast The

sufficient forecast is however based

on statistical model and dynamical

model prediction gave a very high

probability for monsoon to be above

normal to excess and almost 70

probability of monsoon rainfall ie

gt104 The main reason of showing

more probability of dynamical

model is due to the model is

predicting a kind of evolution to La

Nina phase in the eastern parts of

Pacific Ocean IMD continuously

monitoring the position of EL Nino

or southern oscillation because

ENSO EL Nino La Nina condition

have a direct impact on monsoon

rainfall of India

From other models it is

concluded that ENSO is in a neutral

phase between EL Nino and

southern oscillation however by the

end of 2nd

half of monsoon season is

likely to be possibility of La Nina

phase As per information of normal

monsoon it will be helpful for

agriculture sector for better crop

yield and also economic growth of

our country It is expected to be

monsoon rainfall of India for 2020 is

102 in between June to September

North India is likely to receive

above normal rainfall

Monsoon onset for Kerala is

declared in 1st June Monsoon is a

part of south west wind and itrsquos an

important factor for declaration of

Southwest monsoon According to

criteria of IMD Southwest wind

should be strong at west of Kerala

and south Arabian sea ie at least

15-20 nuts and the vertical depth

should be 4-5km which is satisfied

the current year of arrived monsoon

in 1st June Radar system in coast is

useful that the winds recorded from

radar is the prevailing strong south

westerly wind and the detected

convective clouds from satellite is

persistent over south east Arabian

seas and Kerala coast Due to this

rainfall recorded in Kerala is

widespread in 30th

and 31st of may

and more than 80 of reported

rainfall gt25mm As per the record

of heavy to heavy rainfall in Kerala

in a day especially in Kozhikode

district 9cm And Trivandrum 6cm of

rainfall

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-44

Arriving of monsoon is in Assam

AP and KN in India is 5th of June

Odisha West bengal Maharashtra

Telangana in 10th June

Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Bihar in

15th June Gujarat Western part of

UP and MP UK in 20th

June

Himachal pradesh Jammu

ampKashmir in 25th June Punjab

Haryana Rajasthan in 30th

June

This year monsoon is

started in the time when the country

is affected by the novel corona virus

According to scientists monsoon

rainfall cannot able to minimize the

spreading of virus and due to low

humidity there is a possibility of

wide spread

And only piece of good news for the

Indian economy which is battling

the COVID-19 and its aftereffects of

gloomy scenario India is likely to

have a normal monsoon this year It

is crucial to rice wheat sugarcane

and oilseeds cultivation in the

country where farming accounts for

about 15 per cent of the economy

and employs over half of its people

However over extreme northwest

India the monsoon arrives now little

earlier on July 8 compared to the

existing date of July 15

For Kharif Crop Outlook

from Monsoon update

farmers are expecting

sowing of the Kharif

commodities to be

higher than the previous

year Sentimentally this

forecast is expected to bring

bearish trend in the prices of

the Kharif commodities such as

Soybean Cotton Castor Seed and

Turmeric Mentha Oil and

Cardamom could also witness

pressure in the coming weeks as

well with positive monsoon reportsrdquo

Msc(Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-45

The term ldquoterrace gardenrdquo

can refer to a garden

which is established on a

terrace roof or patio

usually in a house where

there is limited gardening

space These types of

gardens are especially popular in urban areas and they are sometimes used

in restaurants and other establishments as well Availability of space is an

important consideration for terrace farming It must be ensured that the

terrace receives ample sunlight If there are areas where the sun is too harsh

you can cover them with a shade or opt-out of placing your plants there

Baskets growbags or even an artificial lawn can be used on the surface of the

terrace If you are looking for an economical terrace garden growbags are a

better option but make sure that the bottom of these bags is waterproofed to

avoid any leakage into the home Some vegetables that can be grown easily are

beans tomatoes chillies herbs leafy vegetables and brinjals If larger space is

available you could try climbers and root vegetables

If the terrace is strong with ample space then different fruit-bearing trees can be

cultivated by carrying out efficient training and prunning but always opt for

indigenous seeds when doing so lsquoDesirsquo seeds can withstand any climatic

Terrace Gardening

A Step towards

sustainalble life

Miss Pragnya Paramita

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-46

condition and give you a better harvest Moreover they are easily available in

the market

Making your own soil is crucial for terrace gardening This mix should ideally

consist of regular soil compost coir peatsand and

vermicompost in equal quantities Its

important to add the mix to the soil weekly

because the nutrients have a tendency of

washing away during watering and also

rain Eventually you can create your

own compost and even make fertilisers

and pesticides from the gardenrsquos

vegetable and fruit waste Watering

plants twice a day keeps them

hydrated especially during the

summers

Patience is Key Experts have repeatedly said that patience is keyTerrace gardening is no rocket

science itrsquos all about the effort and the care you put into your cultivation For

first-time gardeners it may be very difficult to go through the initial period of

waiting Therersquos a high tendency to give up but the joy of eating a homegrown

vegetable or fruit is something else If much time and effort is put into the

garden then you will get more than what you asked for

Sourcing your soil seeds and other material from local farmers can really bring

down your expenses With an initial investment of Rs 3000 anyone can set up

their terrace garden Most of the things required can be sourced easily from

nurseries and other organic farms at economical prices

All such factors make terrace farming a small but powerful tool towards

cultivating a sustainable lifestyle It will make us more close to the nature and

help us tackle any scarcity situations in the future It will also serve as an

efficient means of providing the younger generations with a broadened outlook

towards where their food comes from

Feature Head (Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-47

DrSahadevarsquos expertise is in crop

husbandry watershed management

plant protection and horticulture He has

nearly 30 years experience in teaching

research consultancy and the provision

of agricultural extension servicesHe has

worked at the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Department of Agriculture Cooperation

amp Farmers Welfare Ministry of

Agriculture and the Planning

Commission of India DrSahadeva was

the Director (Academic) at the School of

Agricultural Sciences Jaipur National

University in Rajasthan He has earned a

PhD and MSc in agronomy from the

prestigious Indian Agricultural Research

Institute (IARI) and BSc (Agriculture

and Animal Husbandry) from CS Azad

University of Agriculture amp Technology

Agriculture is the main stay of Indian economy and various initiatives are

being taken up in order to bring about a country wide revolution in it Though

a lot of money gets sanctioned to the agriculture sector in every budget and

numerous beneficial schemes are

cooked for alleviating the

farmersrsquo condition but still

everyday in newspapers in

media we come across the

plight of farmers and how mass

migration from villages to cities

is taking place at a faster rate

Majority of people donrsquot want to

take up farming as a

profession Even a farmer

himself prefers his own progeny

to be a job holder rather than a

farmer So in order to shade

some light on these situations

we interviewed Dr Sahadeva

Singh Associate dean School

of Agricultural Sciences G D

Goenka University New Delhi

ldquoStreamlined linkage between

all the sphere of agriculture

and the farmer is the need of

the hourrdquo

- Dr Sahadeva Singh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-48

Special Interview

SHYAMALA

SUBARNA

Q How far the initiatives taken up by the Government of India have

proved beneficial for the farmers of our country

AThe government has been quite proactive to provide help to the farmers by

way of capital subsidy quality inputs and technical support Implementation of

several schemes such as RKVY NHM etc are being done for their betterment

Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi initiative farmers will get up to

6000 rupees per year as minimum income support deposited in their accounts

directly ICAR State Agriculture Universities Krishi Vikash Kendras National

Seed Corporations and various other government institutions are working for

improvement of the agriculture sector

Q So why do you think that the

farmers of our country are still

backward and unable to reap the

benefits What strategies are we lacking

in

The missing link has been the inability to create a proper streamlined linkage

between the government research extension industry and farmer ICAR which

is the apex body for agricultural research has no legislative powers which it

from making laws when needed Only 5 of the total agricultural budget is

allotted to ICAR of carrying out numerous functions So proper extension

machinery couldnrsquot be enforced and farmers get backward in application of

improved technicalities Also proper marketing structure and abolition of

middlemen for increasing farmerrsquos profit couldnrsquot be done till now

Q What strategies should be implemented in order to bring about the

efficient utilisation of resources for agriculture

Establishment of a central agriculture service can provide an effective linkage

between the farmer and the technical institutions as well the government

Shifting of agriculture from the state list to the concurrent list and providing

ICAR with legislative powers and more funding will help in smooth

implementation of research in the farmersrsquo field The strengthening of the

extension machinery and more demand based research will help to bring about

major beneficial changes The small and the marginal farmers should be able to

club their lands legally cultivate on it and divide the income according to their

percent share in the land Reorganisation of the entire setup of agriculture

marketing decreasing the interference of middle men traceability of the

farmersrsquo produce by the customers and capability of the farmer to establish his

own outlets are some important solutions

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-49

Q How can the youth of our country be made more involved in agriculture

and be able to take up farming as a profession

They can be sensitize about the importance of agriculture from a younger age

by including agriculture in the course syllabus Professional courses such as

medical ayurveda food processing should have at least one course of

agriculture from the view of food quality nutrition and medicinal value

Agriculture graduates

should be provided

with industrial

attachment which

improves their skill

and employability

Their innovations

and start-ups should

be funded and they

should be provided

subsidies if they take

up farming as a

profession

Vocational training

for dropout graduates will also be helpful for increasing resource personnel

Q Lastly Sir what do you feel our magazine Shymala Subarna can do

more to be beneficial to the farming society

Shymala Subarna is doing outstanding work and what is more amazing about it

is that it is a student initiative which has been able to create a space for itself

Itrsquos work was praised by the agricultural community and deserves to be

rewarded I wish it keeps on growing and keeping the same standard for years to

come

Interview taken by ndash

Miss Pragnya Paramita Feature Head

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-50

Rishikesh Sahoo

Secondary agriculture assumes

prominence with the announcement

of the goal of doubling farmersrsquo

incomesThe term lsquosecondaryrsquo has a

bearing on climate change

adaptation and its mitigation small

farm viability and profitability food

security nutrition sustainable utilisation

of natural resources and optimal usage of produce from primary

agriculture and farm incomesIn other words promoting secondary

agriculture has implications on attaining sustainable development goals

which aim to connect primary secondary and tertiary sectors by using idle

factors of production such as land and labourmdashcontributing to primary

agriculture production capturing lsquovaluersquo in primary agricultural activities

and generating additional income at the enterprise level

Secondary agriculture is a production activity at enterprise or farm level and it

devised a four-fold strategyIt has drawn attention of development

professionals agribusiness academics and experts and policymaking bodies

Secondary agriculture as is defined can help drive the growth of primary

agriculture and three avenues have been identified that adequately help utilise

capital human resources technology organisational capabilities and risk

management

Secondary

Agriculture

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-51

Type A Value-addition to primary agriculture production systems-

Itcan be achieved by improving livelihood enhancement action plans that are

implemented by community-based organisations Linking farmers with the

market through aggregation andgrading of agricultural produce can help them in

value enhancement and appropriation Collectivisations cluster farming

financial literacy marketing skills are important to build this avenue

Type B Alternative enterprises but linked to rural off-farm activities-

Itrsquos based on utilisation of alternative enterprises to primary agriculture but is

associated with rural off-farm activities like poultry bee-keeping duck farming

and livestock management are off-farm enterprises that can be promoted as part

of integrated farming system Integrated farming can hedge farm risk in the

period of crop failure and even ease out the seasonality in the stream of cash

flows

Type C Enterprises that thrive on crop residues and waste materials of

primary agriculture-

These are such enterprises that strive on crop residues or by-products of

primary agriculture For example after recovering sugar from cane cane can be

used as bagasse for molasses production Similarly cotton stalk and seed (after

ginning) can be used for de-oiled cake preparation or utilised in the secondary

and tertiary sector

To promote agricultural entrepreneurship or agricultural enterprises there is

recognition of priority sector status for institutional credit low-cost skilling and

knowledge-based exposure of farm communities specialised extension services

for enterprises owned by females priority under rural electrification objectives

fast-track procedures to avail benefits under the ongoing central sector schemes

and label geographical indicators to products of village-scale secondary

agricultureAgribusiness incubation and acceleration if made marketable can

benefit farm communities and appropriate market linkages can improve

farmersrsquo realisations through collectivisation However a concerted effort at

both policy and implementation levels at the Centre and states is necessary to

attain this goal

Btech Agriculture (4th

year)

CUTM Gajapati Odisha

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-52

Sericulture is an agro-based industry It involves rearing of silkworms for

the production of raw silk which is the yarn obtained out of cocoons spun

by certain species of insects

Cultivation to feed the silkworms that spin silk cocoons and reeling the cocoons

to unwind the silk filament for value added advantages like process and

weaving are the major activities of sericulture Silk has been blended with the

life and culture of the Indians India is the second largest producer of silk within

the globe Among the four kinds of silk created in 2015-16 Mulberry accounts

for 718 (20434 MT) Tasar 99 (2818 MT) Eri 178 (5054 MT) and

Muga 06 (166 MT) of the total raw silk production of 28472 MTMulberry

sericulture is principally practised in 5 states ie Karnataka Andhra Pradesh

Assam and Bodoland West Bengal Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are major silk

producing states in the country North East has the distinctive distinction of

being the sole region manufacturing four kinds of silk like Mulberry Oak Tasar

Muga and Eri Overall NE region contributes eighteen of Indias total silk

production

ADVANTAGES

High employment potential60 lakh persons are engaged in various

sericulture activities in the countryItIt is calculable that Sericulture can

generate employment 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in

Sericulture ndash An

Introduction

Soumya Sthitapragnya

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-53

on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout the year This potential ispar-

excellence and no other business generates this type of employment

especially in rural areas hence sericulture is used as a tool for rural

reconstruction

Eco-friendly ActivityAs a perennial crop with good foliage and root-

spread mulberry contributes to conservation and provides green

coverWaste from silkworm rearing will be recycled as inputs to

gardenDried mulberry twigs and branches are used as fuel in place of

firewood and therefore reduce the pressure on

vegetationforestBeingBeing a labour intensive and predominantly agro-

based activity involvement of smoke-emitting machinery is

minimalDevelopmental programmes initiated for mulberry plantation are

mainly in upland areas where un-used cultivable land is made

productiveIntercropping can also be done with numerous

plantationsBeing a deep-rooted perennial plant it can be raised in vacant

lands hill slopes and watershed areasCurrently only concerning 01

of the cultivable land in the country is beneath mulberry cultivation

Women friendly Occupation Women constitutes over hour of those

employed in down-stream activities of sericulture in the country This is

the result of sericulture activities ranging from mulberry garden

management leaf harvesting and silkworm rearing is more effectively

taken up by the women folks Even silk reeling business together with

weaving is largely supported by them

Low Gestation High Returns Estimated investments of Rs12000 to

15000 (excluding cost of land and rearing space) is adequate for

undertaking mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing in one acre of

irrigated landIt takes only six months for mulberry to grow for

commencement of silkworm rearing Once planted it will go on

supporting silkworm rearing year after year for 15-20 years depending on

inputs and management providedFive crops can be taken in one year

under tropical conditionsBy adopting stipulated package of practices a

farmer can attain net income levels up to Rs30000 per acre per annum

PhD scholar Entomology OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-54

Post Corona Era ndash

Sustainability the only

way out

The COVID-19 pandemic and

the global economic crisis has

brought some new ideas

ideologies and habits into the

limelight Is everything going to

be normal after lockdown No

never It will take 4-5 quarters to

normalise the financial situation So now the

question arises how to combat with it Yes certainly

there are ways After all need is the mother of invention Hence in this time of

need we all have to work towards betterment of the earth This lockdown has

certainly taught everyone that health is the most important thing and food and

agricultural products are the most essential items As ministry of AYUSH

suggested to take some ayurvedic products eg tulsi(basil) leaves black pepper

synthi pipali to fight against corona by increasing immunity it shows how

medicinal plants are important to us The kind of misery people faced to have

vegetables showed us the importance of kitchen garden Yeah all of us can

have our kitchen garden window garden Terrace garden or vertical garden

notonly for decoration butalso for our own consumption This outbreak makes

us alarmed to go for gardening in a small area for our own We can grow leafy

vegetables like amaranthus spinach corriander and medicinal plants like tulsi

in our home That makes us productive during lockdown and we can avail fresh

healthy vegetables anytime For the farming community out there Corona

certainly brought a loss to you but it also showed you the practical implications

of integrated farming system(IFS) To all the respected farmers its not late you

can go for IFS now too

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-55

How IFS will help

You can switch from crop to crop as per the demand of society eg

during lockdown we found many farmers had to bear loss because of

huge production but less marketing of certain crops like watermelon

bananas In such crisis time we should go for some short time crops like

spinach amaranthus radish that will bring good income

Secondly diversification brings more sources of income like those who

just do paddy are at great loss than the

one who does mushroom as well

Mushroom is easily and fast grown

agricultural product

Thirdly for the farmwomen

be the true partner of your husband

in this crisis time Go for post

harvest management and processing

of excess produce and reap the

benefits eg banana chips tomato

ketchup sauce pickles etc

Hence corona outbreak and post

lockdown situation will be a beginning of a new era and all of us should be well

prepared for it Because struggling for existence is the bitter truth of nature Opt

for the right method to bring about right changes in the right time

Richa Mishra Msc (Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-56

Upasana Mohapatra

Though India is one of the fastest growing economies in the

world the challenges and the problems faced by Indian

economy lower its growth rateHuge dependence of

population on agriculture and low level of science and

technology are the major concerned areas for boosting the

economy growth rate Recent development in science and

technology can modernise the agriculture for improving the

crop productivity and also uplift the rate of industrial

production Biotechnology is the recent trend in science

and technology which can be used as the key to these

basic problems of agriculture its allied sectors and the industry as well

Biotechnology

Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and

technology According to US National Science Foundation - It is the controlled

use of biological agents such as microorganisms or cellular components for

beneficial useacute Thus biotechnology is an integrated application of knowledge

and technique to draw benefits from properties and capacities of

microorganisms and animals and plants

Biotechnology can be classified as

1) Red Biotechnology or Medical biotechnology- biotechnology used for

production of biopharmaceuticals like recombinant protein enzymes vaccines

and antibiotics

2) White biotechnology or Industrial biotechnology- biotechnology used for

industrial production

3) Green biotechnology or Agricultural biotechnology- biotechnology used

for crop improvement in agriculture

4) Blue biotechnology or Marine biotechnology- biotechnology used for

marine and aquatic applications

Biotechnology ndash A Way to uplift

Indian Economy

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-57

The development of these sectors of biotechnology can lead the way towards

improving economy

Biotechnology in Medical Science

The companies involved in medical biotechnology do

the work on protein purification molecular cloning

and expression of native and synthetic genes

They also offer polyclonal and monoclonal

antibody development and formulation of

certain types of vaccines The in-house

expertise in recombinant DNA technology and

development of cell lines for recombinant

product synthesis improve the production of

drugs and vaccines in medical science which in

succession push the Indian economy Some of

the companies in medical science are Shantha

Biotech Ranbaxy Laboratories and Dr Reddyrsquos

Laboratory (DRL)

Biotechnology in Industry

The bio-manufacturing strategies such as Fermentation technology can catalyse

the production of biopharmaceuticals alcohols foods biofertilizers and

biofuels The production of these products in industrial scale should be

supported through new policies for raising the Indian economy

Biotechnology in marine Science

The major focussed areas in marine science are semi intensive prawn culture

intensive carp culture feed and seed production disease diagnosis and vaccine

development bioactive compounds like biopigments from cyanobacteria

biotransformation of secondary metabolites and

bioprospectingmicrometabolites from marine organisms including

microorganisms see weeds extremophiles bioremediation The

commercialisation of the products and the process in marine biotechnology can

be an useful stategy for development of economic growth rate in India

Biotechnology in Agriculture

Biotechnology can drive the agriculture in a faster speed as it shortens

the breeding cycle of some crops helps in large-scale plant clonal propagation

produces genetically variable crops like virus-free plants disease resistant

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-58

plants herbicide resistant plants insect resistant plant regeneration of forests

(teak eucalyptus sandalwood tamarind rubber and oil palm commercial

production of secondary metabolites from the medicinal and aromatic plants

Also theseed companies like Mahyco Indo-American Hybrid Seed

expanding their RampD to cover biotechnology to develop their own transgenic

crops Some of smaller companies have started employing techniques such as

tissue culture for their breeding programmes for crop improvement

Biotechnology can be a cause in a second Green Revolution with

tremendous opportunities to ensure food security along with the economic well-

being of the farmer Approval of Bt Cotton cultivation in India helps in the

increament of cotton yield and increase the production of textile industry which

supports the Indian economy in great extent

Challenges of Biotechnology in India

If physics and chemistry drove the industrial transformations of the twentieth

century biology promises to generate ground breaking technological

applications in the present one which is the biotechnology Though India has a

separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) state universities research

institute to propagate research in transgenic plants and its cultivation in India

the bioethics and the environmental issues check the growth of biotechnology

and its further application in different sectors including Agriculture food

science marine science and industrial production The attitude toward

transgenics GMOs and the biotechnology should be changed before using this

technology in different sectors of India As a result there will be a harmony in

the utilisation of biotechnology and acceptance of its products in the society

which will lead to an accelerated development of Indian economy

PhD Scholar University of Agricultural

Sciences GKVK Bengaluru

Email id- upasanaprangya92gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-59

Integrated disease management

A boon to sustainable Agriculture

Integrated disease management (IDM) can be referred to

as the cumulative use of various plant disease control

methods like cultural mechanical biological host

resistance or genetic methods along with sparse use of

chemical pesticidesIt is an environment friendly approach

which takes into account the need-base use of chemical

pesticides rather than exploiting the nature with the

toxicity of the same The ultimate objective of IDM is to

bring down the pathogen population below the economic

threshold level

IDM is a wise integration of

- Cultural or mechanical control

- Biological control

- Host resistance

- Chemical control

Cultural Control

It is the most feasible method of control as it can be easily accessible to any

common man Cultural or mechanical method of control takes into account

manipulation and management of environment condition making it unsuitable

for the pathogen to grow and perpetuate on the host plant It includes methods

like crop rotation field sanitation proper irrigation aeration of soil optimum

spacing manipulation of sowing and harvesting dates etc

Biological Control

It refers to use of living organisms to reduce the inoculum density or disease-

causing activities of the pathogensparasites

Host-resistance

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-60

It refers to the cultivation of resistant cultivars to combat disease incidences It

is the inherent character of the plant which has certainly no side effects on the

environment

Chemical control

In IDM chemical control is meant to be the least used method so as to reduce

the adverse impact on the environment It involves need base and seldom use of

chemical pesticides

IDM in India

India having an agrarian economy agriculture acts as the primary source of

living for about 60 of the countryrsquos population Crop loss due to diseases can

go upto 40-50 which is a huge pie of the cake In the era of the

modernization incurring adverse effect on the environment it is the need of the

time to protect our mother nature Minimal use of chemical and exploitation of

the other methods which are environment friendly is the key to survival But the

success of IDM implementation is based on the socio-economic and educational

status of the farmers of the country Proper utilization of the IDM strategy

requires a pre-requisite knowledge on the methods and their implications Lack

of awareness and knowledge on this aspect makes IDM less popular and the

farmers continue to use the conventional plant protection methods with

extensive use of chemical

Future prospects

Plant health clinics should be popularized in order to counselthe farmers and the

commoners regarding the knows and hows of IDM IDM can lead us towards a

more sustainable and stable form of agriculture if practiced appropriately

Sushree Suparna Mahapatra Department of

Plant Pathology

Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology

Gmail - mahapatrasushree9gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-61

Agriculture being the sole

supplier of human food is the largest

industry and major land use sector on

the globe Indian agriculture became self sustainable after the era of green

revolution during 1960s In the recent data proposed by the ldquoMinistry of

Agriculture and Farmers Welfarerdquo the agricultural production is around 59569

MT in 2018-19 cropping year The youth dominated country India can achieve

the remarkable production due to emerging entrepreneurial activities in

agriindustry The farmers field is not consider as the producer of food but as a

source of income for the farmer Indiarsquos economy is principally dominated by

agriculture with more than 60 population depending on it for their livelyhood

Agriculture entrepreneurship or agri-preneurship is a concept of latest origin It

is the entrepreneurial process taken up in agriculture or the allied sectors

Agriculture frames the foundation of the countrys economy It is a process of

adopting the new methods processes techniques in agriculture or allied sectors

of agriculture for better output and economic earnings

Agricutural Entrepreneurship

Opportunities and Challenges

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-62

Need of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Over the period of time from independence till date the GDP contribution

declines from 519 in 1950-51 to 1587 in 2018-19 With repect to the

agricultural production India stands second but as far as the export is concerned

the rank is 14th in the world It was also observed that our countriersquos average

production per hectare is only half of the worldrsquos average Various other areas

viz local availability of agri and horticultural produces lesser investment to

start small scale industries government sponsorship and encouragements

employment oppertunities and check migration of rural youth to urban areas

etc provides a vast scope for agricultural entreprenureship Hence from the

above facts and figures it can be concluded that there is a clear need for

agriprenureship development in this sectors for strengthening the demanad and

production gap infrastructure development supporting faster agricultural

development promoting value addition and preservation creating employment

doubling farmers income and minimizing the challenges faced due to economic

leberalization and globalization etc

Oppertunities for Agricultural Entrepreneurship

There is a popular saying

ldquoThe thing not found in India

can never be found in the universerdquo

(Jaha Nahi Bharate Taha nahi Jagate)

It means India is the rich source of all the amenities and services With

the proper utilization farmer can able to produce the food grains There are

various critical areas in agriculture sector from the farmer to the food till reach

in consumerrsquos plate like input stage farming stage value chain output

processing marketing and various related services India is blessed with varied

agroclimatic diversity and can produce a wide range of produce Presently the

scope and oppertunity of agripreneural activity is increasing as a result of

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-63

globalization and more interconnected world market Few of the agripreneural

activities are discussed below

(i) Input Sector-

The agricultural processes needs a wide range of inputs like seeds

fertilizers pesticides innovative localized and cost effective tools and

techniques There are very promising way forward in sectors like biofertilizers

biopesticides vermicomposting soil amending and testing and R and D in seed

production

(ii) Farming Sector-

The important advisory and recently developed technology and materials

(variety implements fertilizers etc) can be used to enhance the production

Various farming enterprises viz horticultural enterprise organic farming

poultry farming mushroom cultivation Hi-tech farming green house

cultivation vertical faming etc could be a new venture to gain momentum in

agripreneurship

(iii) Value Chain-

Supply chain is the vital platform to help farmers in supplying the

produce from the field to plate Hence intermediaries online web portals e-

marketing can be a good area to look at an entrepreneur

(iv) Processing Sector-

Approximately 30 of the produce produced are lost in the agricultural

sector which can be reduced if properly proceesd and preserved hence this

sector needs entrepreneurial intervention

(v) Marketing Sector-

The highly perishable agricultural commodities needs a very well

organised marketing frame work in the country and outside hence the

agripreneurs must have a eye on this

(vi) Agricultural Services Sector-

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-64

The various farm servises like availability of labour cropping

information weather forecasting insect pest and disease monitoring are very

much essential servises and should be deseminated in proper time hence have a

good scope for agri-entreprenures

Though huge potential for agripreneurship some important challenge

obstruct the path which needs timely and critically varification and correction

Challenges of Aricultural Entrepreneurship

The major challenges are inadequate infrastructure lack of

entrepreneurial culture migration of the rural farmer and skilled labourer to

urban areas poor technological and equipmental intervention inadiquate and

improper supply of inputs problem in marketing of the agricultural produce

produced uneven demand interventions of middle man inadiquate institutional

measures and government policies fragmented land holdings deteriorating

natural resourses and the natural calamities pose a serious hindrance on

agripreneurial activities The entrepreneur should mentally stable enough to

countercat those to achive the most

Conclusion

It is very much clear from the foregoing discussion that the agricultural

entrepreneurship have a wide potential for the upcoming entrepreneurs

However the constraints and challenges should be considered before jumping to

the agriprenurial activity as stated in a old saying

ldquoDo farming to get 100 profit

or do it for atleast 10 investmentrdquo

So at the end it can be concluded that the profit and sustanability both

should be the outlook for an agrientreprenure

Subhrajyoti Mishra PhD Research Scholar Department of Horticultuee

College of Horticulture JAU Junagadh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-65

Ordinance on Contract farming

Odisha Governmentrsquos vision for

Expansion amp Intensification

Odisha is an agricultural state with about 74 of its rural

workforce relying upon agriculture with a marginal small

land holding also out of which more than 50 are below

poverty line This fragmented land holdings have become the major barrier

before the farmers to expand their farming activities of investments as well as

technological advancements Even many of them are devoid of the lift-irrigation

facility under water stress conditions The government intervention with

measures like MSP Subsidy and loan waivers have only managed to save the

farmers from economic crisis but there is very few measures taken so far like

formation of FPOs and cooperative farming which would have increased the

farmerrsquos capacity productivity and economic status practically

In view to this capacity amp productivity expansion government of Odisha

recently promulgated an Ordinance on Contract farming Where it has made

legal provisions for corporate interventions in agricultural sector of Odisha

through contract farming which means the corporates can take on the lands on

lease or make contracts for the large scale specialized farming The government

has clarified this decision as being made to bring the fragmented land under one

management to optimize resource productivity amp also to encourage agricultural

exports of the state Though the government made mandates to safe guard the

farmersrsquo right on land as well as restricting the sponsor not to realize the

advances given to farmers by sales or mortgage of lands but only against the

produced commodity

The formulated laws amp amendments being structured and written so-well need

to be implemented as-well The ordinance any-how brings opportunity for the

state amp corporates it must take our farmers beside giving them a part in the

whole production process with a good extra-income rather than treating them

only as land owners

Jagadananda Pradhan

Editorial member Shyamala Subarna

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wwwshyamalasubarnacom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc

gecircugravebzucirc aucircbullucirceth

It gives me immense pleasure to see the

presence of 10th edition of

SHYAMALA SUBARNA The

magazine was started as a student

initiative to address the farmers

problem and provide them with

insights into the advancing technology

related to agriculture It has served its

purpose and can be rightfully proclaimed as the leading

agriculture magazine in Odisha

I wish this journey continues for a long span of

time

The lineage that it has created should be carried on

ages to come and be an inspiration for all the

agriculturists

Pragnya Paramita Feature Head(Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc

It is heartening to note that the students of

Centurion University is bringing out the

10th Edition of the quarterly Agricultural

magazine SHYAMALA SUBARNA

Heartfelt congratulations and

appreciations are extended to the entire

team on successful completion of the

second foundation year It gives me

immense pleasure to share how the magazine has provided an

excellent venue in the line of agriculture and allied sectors

successfully drawing the attention of the scientific community

of the university This magazine has also influenced the

budding minds by paving ways to make their contribution in

the field of agriculture

Dr S P Nanda

Dean(Admin) MSSSOA CUTM

Parlakhemundi

gecircugravebzucirc aucircbullucirceth

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The present day Agriculture scenario of India urges upon us to

bring a paradigm shift in the conventional Agriculture production

systems There should be a comprehensive approach in

reframing the present Agricultural structure thus including all

latest aspects of crop production and protection emphasizing on

zero budget natural farming by introduction of biofertilizers and

biopesticides can be the holistic alternative to todays high cost

chemical input based agriculture- which in my opinion is the

current need of the hour

Epsita swain Technical officer (Plant Pathology)

Dir Plant Protection Quarantine amp Storage GOI

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To ensure safe affordable amp enough food and overcome

farmersrsquo challenges around low productivity amp income it is

critical to transform Indian agriculture One of the key

priorities of the government is doubling farmersrsquo

incomesSuccess will depend on how farmers are

aggregated for production and marketing promotion of

contract farming cluster farming farmer producer

organizations and self-help groupsIndia needs a five-point

program that addresses agrarian challenges and brings

together various ongoing programs under one umbrella

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Pujyasmita Nayak

Pragnya Paramita

Rishikesh Sahoo

Soumya Sthitapragnya

Richa Mishra

Upasana Mohapatra

Sushree Suparna Mohapatra

Subhrajyoti Mishra

Jagadananda Pradhan

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Vograveucirc ugravejAQograve ouml GjucircKecirc ieKucirceuacute cucirc^yacuteZucirc ugraveaucircKecirc

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Z[ucirc ayacuteaiucircdograveK iotildeiUacuteucirc cucirc^u cogravekograveZ Cyacutecugravee

ugraveKucirceucirc_ecircU K`ograveKecirc RograveucircA UyacuteucircM ugraveaucirc _ucircAntilde

Kucirc~ethyacuteKucirceuacute PyumlucircfograveQograve ouml

_acircbucircZ Kecirccucirce ugraveadivideyacute (ugraveiotildePecirceograved^ aogravegszligaograveyacuteucirckd MR_Zograve)

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-40

ugraveioslashbucircMyacute enot^ cjucirc_ucircZacirc

]^yacuteugravee ]^yacute Zecirc KeacutehK bucircA

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cYograveh ugraveagugravee Zecircjograve Bgszlige ucircucirc

Leucirc aehucircKecirc ijograve ijograveKucirc

`if `kucircC bkograve bkograveKucirc ucircucirc

Keacutehograve ucircce ugravegacircAcirc D_ucircucirc^

KeacutehK aucircG ucircc Ruacutea^ ucircucirc

ugraveceecircŠ iograveG ucircc ugravege

ugraveZYecirc Rd ]szlig^uacute jecircG Zucircjucirce ucircucirc

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cYograveh eigrave_ugravee ugravei bMaucirc^ ucircucirc

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iecirc^ucirc ugravejucircA~ogravea ucircRogravee ~ecircM ucircucirc

currenucirc_K ugraveadivideograveK cjucircaograveyacuteucirckd iacutef_ecirce

Pyumlucirchuacute _ucircAntilde _ugrave

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-41

Agriculture Education

I myself had been

born and grown in

an urban area and

my first contact

with farming was

at university level during graduation

I was really surprised one day when

one of my close relative said that he

is unaware of the

agricultural course

that I was doing I

strongly believe that there is lack of

knowledge about the career

opportunities in agriculture sector

among the parents as well as the

students which results in choose of

engineering or medical courses

Many people think that farmers raise

crops and livestock to feed their own

families but they donrsquot realize that

because of these farmers only we are

eating thrice a day even during

locked down period However farms

today are specialized they do not

look like those in childrenrsquos books

Farming became hi-tech Most of the

farmers started using iPads laptops

drones and many more Some of

them have higher education like

diploma or Bachelorrsquos degree or

training certificate It is challenging

for any agricultural professor to

have a debate with an experienced

farmer

With a rapidly increasing

population and a demand to feed 96

billion people by the year 2050 the

world needs passionate youth who

are willing to make a commitment in

farming Therefore there is a need

toinspire young people by

showcasing stories about

peopleincluding some of the

software employees who have

successfully

launched

agribusiness start-

ups We saw many messages from

aspiring youth entrepreneurs who

are succeeded in agriculture

industries

Agricultural education program

must be established in urban schools

which could play a crucial role in

increasing the involvement of

students from high school level in

farming Innovative agriculture

projects assignments to be given for

the school students this leads to

develop agriculturally

knowledgeable students who can

succeed during their higher

education research

Mr N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Assistant Professor

Genetics and Plant Breeding

Centurion University

Paralakhemundi

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-42

Croprsquos

Paradise

Monsoon

Pujyasmita Nayak

Monsoon

is the seasonal

reversing wind

accompanied by

corresponding

changes in atmospheric circulation

and precipitation associated with the

asymmetric heating of land and sea

Monsoon signifies the directional

shifting of winds from one to other

season They flow from sea to land

during summer and from land to sea

during winter Monsoons are

seasonal winds which reverse their

direction with the change of season

India receives Southwest monsoon

winds in summer and northeast

monsoon in winter About 54 of

worldrsquos population depends on

monsoon rain for their crop

Usually Indian

meteorological Department (IMD)

releases long range or seasonal

forecast for Southwest monsoon in

two stage process 1st forecast is in

middle of April and 2nd

is issued in

1st week of June

In this

difficult time

of corona

pandemic

situation the only good

news about the Indian monsoon is

this year will have a normal

monsoon Quantitatively the

monsoon rainfall in 2020 is expected

to be 100 of its long period

Average (LPA) with a model error

of +_ 5 Usually we tell it normal

when probability of rainfall LPA is

between 96-104 This LPA is

calculated based on the average

rainfall over years 1961 to 2000 in

country as a whole According to

LPA Indiarsquos seasonal rain fall is

88cm and this year the forecast

probability is 41 So there is a high

probability of monsoon is likely to

be normal The above normal it is

104-110 of LPA with forecast

probability is 21 for excess gt110

LPA with forecast probability is 9

below normal 92-96 LPA with

forecast probability is 20 and

deficient rain with forecast

probability is 9 which will have

large adverse affect on agriculture

and allied sectors

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-43

As we are aware that IMD use

both statistical and dynamical model

for preparing monsoon forecast The

sufficient forecast is however based

on statistical model and dynamical

model prediction gave a very high

probability for monsoon to be above

normal to excess and almost 70

probability of monsoon rainfall ie

gt104 The main reason of showing

more probability of dynamical

model is due to the model is

predicting a kind of evolution to La

Nina phase in the eastern parts of

Pacific Ocean IMD continuously

monitoring the position of EL Nino

or southern oscillation because

ENSO EL Nino La Nina condition

have a direct impact on monsoon

rainfall of India

From other models it is

concluded that ENSO is in a neutral

phase between EL Nino and

southern oscillation however by the

end of 2nd

half of monsoon season is

likely to be possibility of La Nina

phase As per information of normal

monsoon it will be helpful for

agriculture sector for better crop

yield and also economic growth of

our country It is expected to be

monsoon rainfall of India for 2020 is

102 in between June to September

North India is likely to receive

above normal rainfall

Monsoon onset for Kerala is

declared in 1st June Monsoon is a

part of south west wind and itrsquos an

important factor for declaration of

Southwest monsoon According to

criteria of IMD Southwest wind

should be strong at west of Kerala

and south Arabian sea ie at least

15-20 nuts and the vertical depth

should be 4-5km which is satisfied

the current year of arrived monsoon

in 1st June Radar system in coast is

useful that the winds recorded from

radar is the prevailing strong south

westerly wind and the detected

convective clouds from satellite is

persistent over south east Arabian

seas and Kerala coast Due to this

rainfall recorded in Kerala is

widespread in 30th

and 31st of may

and more than 80 of reported

rainfall gt25mm As per the record

of heavy to heavy rainfall in Kerala

in a day especially in Kozhikode

district 9cm And Trivandrum 6cm of

rainfall

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-44

Arriving of monsoon is in Assam

AP and KN in India is 5th of June

Odisha West bengal Maharashtra

Telangana in 10th June

Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Bihar in

15th June Gujarat Western part of

UP and MP UK in 20th

June

Himachal pradesh Jammu

ampKashmir in 25th June Punjab

Haryana Rajasthan in 30th

June

This year monsoon is

started in the time when the country

is affected by the novel corona virus

According to scientists monsoon

rainfall cannot able to minimize the

spreading of virus and due to low

humidity there is a possibility of

wide spread

And only piece of good news for the

Indian economy which is battling

the COVID-19 and its aftereffects of

gloomy scenario India is likely to

have a normal monsoon this year It

is crucial to rice wheat sugarcane

and oilseeds cultivation in the

country where farming accounts for

about 15 per cent of the economy

and employs over half of its people

However over extreme northwest

India the monsoon arrives now little

earlier on July 8 compared to the

existing date of July 15

For Kharif Crop Outlook

from Monsoon update

farmers are expecting

sowing of the Kharif

commodities to be

higher than the previous

year Sentimentally this

forecast is expected to bring

bearish trend in the prices of

the Kharif commodities such as

Soybean Cotton Castor Seed and

Turmeric Mentha Oil and

Cardamom could also witness

pressure in the coming weeks as

well with positive monsoon reportsrdquo

Msc(Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-45

The term ldquoterrace gardenrdquo

can refer to a garden

which is established on a

terrace roof or patio

usually in a house where

there is limited gardening

space These types of

gardens are especially popular in urban areas and they are sometimes used

in restaurants and other establishments as well Availability of space is an

important consideration for terrace farming It must be ensured that the

terrace receives ample sunlight If there are areas where the sun is too harsh

you can cover them with a shade or opt-out of placing your plants there

Baskets growbags or even an artificial lawn can be used on the surface of the

terrace If you are looking for an economical terrace garden growbags are a

better option but make sure that the bottom of these bags is waterproofed to

avoid any leakage into the home Some vegetables that can be grown easily are

beans tomatoes chillies herbs leafy vegetables and brinjals If larger space is

available you could try climbers and root vegetables

If the terrace is strong with ample space then different fruit-bearing trees can be

cultivated by carrying out efficient training and prunning but always opt for

indigenous seeds when doing so lsquoDesirsquo seeds can withstand any climatic

Terrace Gardening

A Step towards

sustainalble life

Miss Pragnya Paramita

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-46

condition and give you a better harvest Moreover they are easily available in

the market

Making your own soil is crucial for terrace gardening This mix should ideally

consist of regular soil compost coir peatsand and

vermicompost in equal quantities Its

important to add the mix to the soil weekly

because the nutrients have a tendency of

washing away during watering and also

rain Eventually you can create your

own compost and even make fertilisers

and pesticides from the gardenrsquos

vegetable and fruit waste Watering

plants twice a day keeps them

hydrated especially during the

summers

Patience is Key Experts have repeatedly said that patience is keyTerrace gardening is no rocket

science itrsquos all about the effort and the care you put into your cultivation For

first-time gardeners it may be very difficult to go through the initial period of

waiting Therersquos a high tendency to give up but the joy of eating a homegrown

vegetable or fruit is something else If much time and effort is put into the

garden then you will get more than what you asked for

Sourcing your soil seeds and other material from local farmers can really bring

down your expenses With an initial investment of Rs 3000 anyone can set up

their terrace garden Most of the things required can be sourced easily from

nurseries and other organic farms at economical prices

All such factors make terrace farming a small but powerful tool towards

cultivating a sustainable lifestyle It will make us more close to the nature and

help us tackle any scarcity situations in the future It will also serve as an

efficient means of providing the younger generations with a broadened outlook

towards where their food comes from

Feature Head (Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-47

DrSahadevarsquos expertise is in crop

husbandry watershed management

plant protection and horticulture He has

nearly 30 years experience in teaching

research consultancy and the provision

of agricultural extension servicesHe has

worked at the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Department of Agriculture Cooperation

amp Farmers Welfare Ministry of

Agriculture and the Planning

Commission of India DrSahadeva was

the Director (Academic) at the School of

Agricultural Sciences Jaipur National

University in Rajasthan He has earned a

PhD and MSc in agronomy from the

prestigious Indian Agricultural Research

Institute (IARI) and BSc (Agriculture

and Animal Husbandry) from CS Azad

University of Agriculture amp Technology

Agriculture is the main stay of Indian economy and various initiatives are

being taken up in order to bring about a country wide revolution in it Though

a lot of money gets sanctioned to the agriculture sector in every budget and

numerous beneficial schemes are

cooked for alleviating the

farmersrsquo condition but still

everyday in newspapers in

media we come across the

plight of farmers and how mass

migration from villages to cities

is taking place at a faster rate

Majority of people donrsquot want to

take up farming as a

profession Even a farmer

himself prefers his own progeny

to be a job holder rather than a

farmer So in order to shade

some light on these situations

we interviewed Dr Sahadeva

Singh Associate dean School

of Agricultural Sciences G D

Goenka University New Delhi

ldquoStreamlined linkage between

all the sphere of agriculture

and the farmer is the need of

the hourrdquo

- Dr Sahadeva Singh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-48

Special Interview

SHYAMALA

SUBARNA

Q How far the initiatives taken up by the Government of India have

proved beneficial for the farmers of our country

AThe government has been quite proactive to provide help to the farmers by

way of capital subsidy quality inputs and technical support Implementation of

several schemes such as RKVY NHM etc are being done for their betterment

Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi initiative farmers will get up to

6000 rupees per year as minimum income support deposited in their accounts

directly ICAR State Agriculture Universities Krishi Vikash Kendras National

Seed Corporations and various other government institutions are working for

improvement of the agriculture sector

Q So why do you think that the

farmers of our country are still

backward and unable to reap the

benefits What strategies are we lacking

in

The missing link has been the inability to create a proper streamlined linkage

between the government research extension industry and farmer ICAR which

is the apex body for agricultural research has no legislative powers which it

from making laws when needed Only 5 of the total agricultural budget is

allotted to ICAR of carrying out numerous functions So proper extension

machinery couldnrsquot be enforced and farmers get backward in application of

improved technicalities Also proper marketing structure and abolition of

middlemen for increasing farmerrsquos profit couldnrsquot be done till now

Q What strategies should be implemented in order to bring about the

efficient utilisation of resources for agriculture

Establishment of a central agriculture service can provide an effective linkage

between the farmer and the technical institutions as well the government

Shifting of agriculture from the state list to the concurrent list and providing

ICAR with legislative powers and more funding will help in smooth

implementation of research in the farmersrsquo field The strengthening of the

extension machinery and more demand based research will help to bring about

major beneficial changes The small and the marginal farmers should be able to

club their lands legally cultivate on it and divide the income according to their

percent share in the land Reorganisation of the entire setup of agriculture

marketing decreasing the interference of middle men traceability of the

farmersrsquo produce by the customers and capability of the farmer to establish his

own outlets are some important solutions

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-49

Q How can the youth of our country be made more involved in agriculture

and be able to take up farming as a profession

They can be sensitize about the importance of agriculture from a younger age

by including agriculture in the course syllabus Professional courses such as

medical ayurveda food processing should have at least one course of

agriculture from the view of food quality nutrition and medicinal value

Agriculture graduates

should be provided

with industrial

attachment which

improves their skill

and employability

Their innovations

and start-ups should

be funded and they

should be provided

subsidies if they take

up farming as a

profession

Vocational training

for dropout graduates will also be helpful for increasing resource personnel

Q Lastly Sir what do you feel our magazine Shymala Subarna can do

more to be beneficial to the farming society

Shymala Subarna is doing outstanding work and what is more amazing about it

is that it is a student initiative which has been able to create a space for itself

Itrsquos work was praised by the agricultural community and deserves to be

rewarded I wish it keeps on growing and keeping the same standard for years to

come

Interview taken by ndash

Miss Pragnya Paramita Feature Head

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-50

Rishikesh Sahoo

Secondary agriculture assumes

prominence with the announcement

of the goal of doubling farmersrsquo

incomesThe term lsquosecondaryrsquo has a

bearing on climate change

adaptation and its mitigation small

farm viability and profitability food

security nutrition sustainable utilisation

of natural resources and optimal usage of produce from primary

agriculture and farm incomesIn other words promoting secondary

agriculture has implications on attaining sustainable development goals

which aim to connect primary secondary and tertiary sectors by using idle

factors of production such as land and labourmdashcontributing to primary

agriculture production capturing lsquovaluersquo in primary agricultural activities

and generating additional income at the enterprise level

Secondary agriculture is a production activity at enterprise or farm level and it

devised a four-fold strategyIt has drawn attention of development

professionals agribusiness academics and experts and policymaking bodies

Secondary agriculture as is defined can help drive the growth of primary

agriculture and three avenues have been identified that adequately help utilise

capital human resources technology organisational capabilities and risk

management

Secondary

Agriculture

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-51

Type A Value-addition to primary agriculture production systems-

Itcan be achieved by improving livelihood enhancement action plans that are

implemented by community-based organisations Linking farmers with the

market through aggregation andgrading of agricultural produce can help them in

value enhancement and appropriation Collectivisations cluster farming

financial literacy marketing skills are important to build this avenue

Type B Alternative enterprises but linked to rural off-farm activities-

Itrsquos based on utilisation of alternative enterprises to primary agriculture but is

associated with rural off-farm activities like poultry bee-keeping duck farming

and livestock management are off-farm enterprises that can be promoted as part

of integrated farming system Integrated farming can hedge farm risk in the

period of crop failure and even ease out the seasonality in the stream of cash

flows

Type C Enterprises that thrive on crop residues and waste materials of

primary agriculture-

These are such enterprises that strive on crop residues or by-products of

primary agriculture For example after recovering sugar from cane cane can be

used as bagasse for molasses production Similarly cotton stalk and seed (after

ginning) can be used for de-oiled cake preparation or utilised in the secondary

and tertiary sector

To promote agricultural entrepreneurship or agricultural enterprises there is

recognition of priority sector status for institutional credit low-cost skilling and

knowledge-based exposure of farm communities specialised extension services

for enterprises owned by females priority under rural electrification objectives

fast-track procedures to avail benefits under the ongoing central sector schemes

and label geographical indicators to products of village-scale secondary

agricultureAgribusiness incubation and acceleration if made marketable can

benefit farm communities and appropriate market linkages can improve

farmersrsquo realisations through collectivisation However a concerted effort at

both policy and implementation levels at the Centre and states is necessary to

attain this goal

Btech Agriculture (4th

year)

CUTM Gajapati Odisha

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-52

Sericulture is an agro-based industry It involves rearing of silkworms for

the production of raw silk which is the yarn obtained out of cocoons spun

by certain species of insects

Cultivation to feed the silkworms that spin silk cocoons and reeling the cocoons

to unwind the silk filament for value added advantages like process and

weaving are the major activities of sericulture Silk has been blended with the

life and culture of the Indians India is the second largest producer of silk within

the globe Among the four kinds of silk created in 2015-16 Mulberry accounts

for 718 (20434 MT) Tasar 99 (2818 MT) Eri 178 (5054 MT) and

Muga 06 (166 MT) of the total raw silk production of 28472 MTMulberry

sericulture is principally practised in 5 states ie Karnataka Andhra Pradesh

Assam and Bodoland West Bengal Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are major silk

producing states in the country North East has the distinctive distinction of

being the sole region manufacturing four kinds of silk like Mulberry Oak Tasar

Muga and Eri Overall NE region contributes eighteen of Indias total silk

production

ADVANTAGES

High employment potential60 lakh persons are engaged in various

sericulture activities in the countryItIt is calculable that Sericulture can

generate employment 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in

Sericulture ndash An

Introduction

Soumya Sthitapragnya

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-53

on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout the year This potential ispar-

excellence and no other business generates this type of employment

especially in rural areas hence sericulture is used as a tool for rural

reconstruction

Eco-friendly ActivityAs a perennial crop with good foliage and root-

spread mulberry contributes to conservation and provides green

coverWaste from silkworm rearing will be recycled as inputs to

gardenDried mulberry twigs and branches are used as fuel in place of

firewood and therefore reduce the pressure on

vegetationforestBeingBeing a labour intensive and predominantly agro-

based activity involvement of smoke-emitting machinery is

minimalDevelopmental programmes initiated for mulberry plantation are

mainly in upland areas where un-used cultivable land is made

productiveIntercropping can also be done with numerous

plantationsBeing a deep-rooted perennial plant it can be raised in vacant

lands hill slopes and watershed areasCurrently only concerning 01

of the cultivable land in the country is beneath mulberry cultivation

Women friendly Occupation Women constitutes over hour of those

employed in down-stream activities of sericulture in the country This is

the result of sericulture activities ranging from mulberry garden

management leaf harvesting and silkworm rearing is more effectively

taken up by the women folks Even silk reeling business together with

weaving is largely supported by them

Low Gestation High Returns Estimated investments of Rs12000 to

15000 (excluding cost of land and rearing space) is adequate for

undertaking mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing in one acre of

irrigated landIt takes only six months for mulberry to grow for

commencement of silkworm rearing Once planted it will go on

supporting silkworm rearing year after year for 15-20 years depending on

inputs and management providedFive crops can be taken in one year

under tropical conditionsBy adopting stipulated package of practices a

farmer can attain net income levels up to Rs30000 per acre per annum

PhD scholar Entomology OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-54

Post Corona Era ndash

Sustainability the only

way out

The COVID-19 pandemic and

the global economic crisis has

brought some new ideas

ideologies and habits into the

limelight Is everything going to

be normal after lockdown No

never It will take 4-5 quarters to

normalise the financial situation So now the

question arises how to combat with it Yes certainly

there are ways After all need is the mother of invention Hence in this time of

need we all have to work towards betterment of the earth This lockdown has

certainly taught everyone that health is the most important thing and food and

agricultural products are the most essential items As ministry of AYUSH

suggested to take some ayurvedic products eg tulsi(basil) leaves black pepper

synthi pipali to fight against corona by increasing immunity it shows how

medicinal plants are important to us The kind of misery people faced to have

vegetables showed us the importance of kitchen garden Yeah all of us can

have our kitchen garden window garden Terrace garden or vertical garden

notonly for decoration butalso for our own consumption This outbreak makes

us alarmed to go for gardening in a small area for our own We can grow leafy

vegetables like amaranthus spinach corriander and medicinal plants like tulsi

in our home That makes us productive during lockdown and we can avail fresh

healthy vegetables anytime For the farming community out there Corona

certainly brought a loss to you but it also showed you the practical implications

of integrated farming system(IFS) To all the respected farmers its not late you

can go for IFS now too

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-55

How IFS will help

You can switch from crop to crop as per the demand of society eg

during lockdown we found many farmers had to bear loss because of

huge production but less marketing of certain crops like watermelon

bananas In such crisis time we should go for some short time crops like

spinach amaranthus radish that will bring good income

Secondly diversification brings more sources of income like those who

just do paddy are at great loss than the

one who does mushroom as well

Mushroom is easily and fast grown

agricultural product

Thirdly for the farmwomen

be the true partner of your husband

in this crisis time Go for post

harvest management and processing

of excess produce and reap the

benefits eg banana chips tomato

ketchup sauce pickles etc

Hence corona outbreak and post

lockdown situation will be a beginning of a new era and all of us should be well

prepared for it Because struggling for existence is the bitter truth of nature Opt

for the right method to bring about right changes in the right time

Richa Mishra Msc (Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-56

Upasana Mohapatra

Though India is one of the fastest growing economies in the

world the challenges and the problems faced by Indian

economy lower its growth rateHuge dependence of

population on agriculture and low level of science and

technology are the major concerned areas for boosting the

economy growth rate Recent development in science and

technology can modernise the agriculture for improving the

crop productivity and also uplift the rate of industrial

production Biotechnology is the recent trend in science

and technology which can be used as the key to these

basic problems of agriculture its allied sectors and the industry as well

Biotechnology

Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and

technology According to US National Science Foundation - It is the controlled

use of biological agents such as microorganisms or cellular components for

beneficial useacute Thus biotechnology is an integrated application of knowledge

and technique to draw benefits from properties and capacities of

microorganisms and animals and plants

Biotechnology can be classified as

1) Red Biotechnology or Medical biotechnology- biotechnology used for

production of biopharmaceuticals like recombinant protein enzymes vaccines

and antibiotics

2) White biotechnology or Industrial biotechnology- biotechnology used for

industrial production

3) Green biotechnology or Agricultural biotechnology- biotechnology used

for crop improvement in agriculture

4) Blue biotechnology or Marine biotechnology- biotechnology used for

marine and aquatic applications

Biotechnology ndash A Way to uplift

Indian Economy

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-57

The development of these sectors of biotechnology can lead the way towards

improving economy

Biotechnology in Medical Science

The companies involved in medical biotechnology do

the work on protein purification molecular cloning

and expression of native and synthetic genes

They also offer polyclonal and monoclonal

antibody development and formulation of

certain types of vaccines The in-house

expertise in recombinant DNA technology and

development of cell lines for recombinant

product synthesis improve the production of

drugs and vaccines in medical science which in

succession push the Indian economy Some of

the companies in medical science are Shantha

Biotech Ranbaxy Laboratories and Dr Reddyrsquos

Laboratory (DRL)

Biotechnology in Industry

The bio-manufacturing strategies such as Fermentation technology can catalyse

the production of biopharmaceuticals alcohols foods biofertilizers and

biofuels The production of these products in industrial scale should be

supported through new policies for raising the Indian economy

Biotechnology in marine Science

The major focussed areas in marine science are semi intensive prawn culture

intensive carp culture feed and seed production disease diagnosis and vaccine

development bioactive compounds like biopigments from cyanobacteria

biotransformation of secondary metabolites and

bioprospectingmicrometabolites from marine organisms including

microorganisms see weeds extremophiles bioremediation The

commercialisation of the products and the process in marine biotechnology can

be an useful stategy for development of economic growth rate in India

Biotechnology in Agriculture

Biotechnology can drive the agriculture in a faster speed as it shortens

the breeding cycle of some crops helps in large-scale plant clonal propagation

produces genetically variable crops like virus-free plants disease resistant

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-58

plants herbicide resistant plants insect resistant plant regeneration of forests

(teak eucalyptus sandalwood tamarind rubber and oil palm commercial

production of secondary metabolites from the medicinal and aromatic plants

Also theseed companies like Mahyco Indo-American Hybrid Seed

expanding their RampD to cover biotechnology to develop their own transgenic

crops Some of smaller companies have started employing techniques such as

tissue culture for their breeding programmes for crop improvement

Biotechnology can be a cause in a second Green Revolution with

tremendous opportunities to ensure food security along with the economic well-

being of the farmer Approval of Bt Cotton cultivation in India helps in the

increament of cotton yield and increase the production of textile industry which

supports the Indian economy in great extent

Challenges of Biotechnology in India

If physics and chemistry drove the industrial transformations of the twentieth

century biology promises to generate ground breaking technological

applications in the present one which is the biotechnology Though India has a

separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) state universities research

institute to propagate research in transgenic plants and its cultivation in India

the bioethics and the environmental issues check the growth of biotechnology

and its further application in different sectors including Agriculture food

science marine science and industrial production The attitude toward

transgenics GMOs and the biotechnology should be changed before using this

technology in different sectors of India As a result there will be a harmony in

the utilisation of biotechnology and acceptance of its products in the society

which will lead to an accelerated development of Indian economy

PhD Scholar University of Agricultural

Sciences GKVK Bengaluru

Email id- upasanaprangya92gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-59

Integrated disease management

A boon to sustainable Agriculture

Integrated disease management (IDM) can be referred to

as the cumulative use of various plant disease control

methods like cultural mechanical biological host

resistance or genetic methods along with sparse use of

chemical pesticidesIt is an environment friendly approach

which takes into account the need-base use of chemical

pesticides rather than exploiting the nature with the

toxicity of the same The ultimate objective of IDM is to

bring down the pathogen population below the economic

threshold level

IDM is a wise integration of

- Cultural or mechanical control

- Biological control

- Host resistance

- Chemical control

Cultural Control

It is the most feasible method of control as it can be easily accessible to any

common man Cultural or mechanical method of control takes into account

manipulation and management of environment condition making it unsuitable

for the pathogen to grow and perpetuate on the host plant It includes methods

like crop rotation field sanitation proper irrigation aeration of soil optimum

spacing manipulation of sowing and harvesting dates etc

Biological Control

It refers to use of living organisms to reduce the inoculum density or disease-

causing activities of the pathogensparasites

Host-resistance

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-60

It refers to the cultivation of resistant cultivars to combat disease incidences It

is the inherent character of the plant which has certainly no side effects on the

environment

Chemical control

In IDM chemical control is meant to be the least used method so as to reduce

the adverse impact on the environment It involves need base and seldom use of

chemical pesticides

IDM in India

India having an agrarian economy agriculture acts as the primary source of

living for about 60 of the countryrsquos population Crop loss due to diseases can

go upto 40-50 which is a huge pie of the cake In the era of the

modernization incurring adverse effect on the environment it is the need of the

time to protect our mother nature Minimal use of chemical and exploitation of

the other methods which are environment friendly is the key to survival But the

success of IDM implementation is based on the socio-economic and educational

status of the farmers of the country Proper utilization of the IDM strategy

requires a pre-requisite knowledge on the methods and their implications Lack

of awareness and knowledge on this aspect makes IDM less popular and the

farmers continue to use the conventional plant protection methods with

extensive use of chemical

Future prospects

Plant health clinics should be popularized in order to counselthe farmers and the

commoners regarding the knows and hows of IDM IDM can lead us towards a

more sustainable and stable form of agriculture if practiced appropriately

Sushree Suparna Mahapatra Department of

Plant Pathology

Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology

Gmail - mahapatrasushree9gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-61

Agriculture being the sole

supplier of human food is the largest

industry and major land use sector on

the globe Indian agriculture became self sustainable after the era of green

revolution during 1960s In the recent data proposed by the ldquoMinistry of

Agriculture and Farmers Welfarerdquo the agricultural production is around 59569

MT in 2018-19 cropping year The youth dominated country India can achieve

the remarkable production due to emerging entrepreneurial activities in

agriindustry The farmers field is not consider as the producer of food but as a

source of income for the farmer Indiarsquos economy is principally dominated by

agriculture with more than 60 population depending on it for their livelyhood

Agriculture entrepreneurship or agri-preneurship is a concept of latest origin It

is the entrepreneurial process taken up in agriculture or the allied sectors

Agriculture frames the foundation of the countrys economy It is a process of

adopting the new methods processes techniques in agriculture or allied sectors

of agriculture for better output and economic earnings

Agricutural Entrepreneurship

Opportunities and Challenges

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-62

Need of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Over the period of time from independence till date the GDP contribution

declines from 519 in 1950-51 to 1587 in 2018-19 With repect to the

agricultural production India stands second but as far as the export is concerned

the rank is 14th in the world It was also observed that our countriersquos average

production per hectare is only half of the worldrsquos average Various other areas

viz local availability of agri and horticultural produces lesser investment to

start small scale industries government sponsorship and encouragements

employment oppertunities and check migration of rural youth to urban areas

etc provides a vast scope for agricultural entreprenureship Hence from the

above facts and figures it can be concluded that there is a clear need for

agriprenureship development in this sectors for strengthening the demanad and

production gap infrastructure development supporting faster agricultural

development promoting value addition and preservation creating employment

doubling farmers income and minimizing the challenges faced due to economic

leberalization and globalization etc

Oppertunities for Agricultural Entrepreneurship

There is a popular saying

ldquoThe thing not found in India

can never be found in the universerdquo

(Jaha Nahi Bharate Taha nahi Jagate)

It means India is the rich source of all the amenities and services With

the proper utilization farmer can able to produce the food grains There are

various critical areas in agriculture sector from the farmer to the food till reach

in consumerrsquos plate like input stage farming stage value chain output

processing marketing and various related services India is blessed with varied

agroclimatic diversity and can produce a wide range of produce Presently the

scope and oppertunity of agripreneural activity is increasing as a result of

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-63

globalization and more interconnected world market Few of the agripreneural

activities are discussed below

(i) Input Sector-

The agricultural processes needs a wide range of inputs like seeds

fertilizers pesticides innovative localized and cost effective tools and

techniques There are very promising way forward in sectors like biofertilizers

biopesticides vermicomposting soil amending and testing and R and D in seed

production

(ii) Farming Sector-

The important advisory and recently developed technology and materials

(variety implements fertilizers etc) can be used to enhance the production

Various farming enterprises viz horticultural enterprise organic farming

poultry farming mushroom cultivation Hi-tech farming green house

cultivation vertical faming etc could be a new venture to gain momentum in

agripreneurship

(iii) Value Chain-

Supply chain is the vital platform to help farmers in supplying the

produce from the field to plate Hence intermediaries online web portals e-

marketing can be a good area to look at an entrepreneur

(iv) Processing Sector-

Approximately 30 of the produce produced are lost in the agricultural

sector which can be reduced if properly proceesd and preserved hence this

sector needs entrepreneurial intervention

(v) Marketing Sector-

The highly perishable agricultural commodities needs a very well

organised marketing frame work in the country and outside hence the

agripreneurs must have a eye on this

(vi) Agricultural Services Sector-

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-64

The various farm servises like availability of labour cropping

information weather forecasting insect pest and disease monitoring are very

much essential servises and should be deseminated in proper time hence have a

good scope for agri-entreprenures

Though huge potential for agripreneurship some important challenge

obstruct the path which needs timely and critically varification and correction

Challenges of Aricultural Entrepreneurship

The major challenges are inadequate infrastructure lack of

entrepreneurial culture migration of the rural farmer and skilled labourer to

urban areas poor technological and equipmental intervention inadiquate and

improper supply of inputs problem in marketing of the agricultural produce

produced uneven demand interventions of middle man inadiquate institutional

measures and government policies fragmented land holdings deteriorating

natural resourses and the natural calamities pose a serious hindrance on

agripreneurial activities The entrepreneur should mentally stable enough to

countercat those to achive the most

Conclusion

It is very much clear from the foregoing discussion that the agricultural

entrepreneurship have a wide potential for the upcoming entrepreneurs

However the constraints and challenges should be considered before jumping to

the agriprenurial activity as stated in a old saying

ldquoDo farming to get 100 profit

or do it for atleast 10 investmentrdquo

So at the end it can be concluded that the profit and sustanability both

should be the outlook for an agrientreprenure

Subhrajyoti Mishra PhD Research Scholar Department of Horticultuee

College of Horticulture JAU Junagadh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-65

Ordinance on Contract farming

Odisha Governmentrsquos vision for

Expansion amp Intensification

Odisha is an agricultural state with about 74 of its rural

workforce relying upon agriculture with a marginal small

land holding also out of which more than 50 are below

poverty line This fragmented land holdings have become the major barrier

before the farmers to expand their farming activities of investments as well as

technological advancements Even many of them are devoid of the lift-irrigation

facility under water stress conditions The government intervention with

measures like MSP Subsidy and loan waivers have only managed to save the

farmers from economic crisis but there is very few measures taken so far like

formation of FPOs and cooperative farming which would have increased the

farmerrsquos capacity productivity and economic status practically

In view to this capacity amp productivity expansion government of Odisha

recently promulgated an Ordinance on Contract farming Where it has made

legal provisions for corporate interventions in agricultural sector of Odisha

through contract farming which means the corporates can take on the lands on

lease or make contracts for the large scale specialized farming The government

has clarified this decision as being made to bring the fragmented land under one

management to optimize resource productivity amp also to encourage agricultural

exports of the state Though the government made mandates to safe guard the

farmersrsquo right on land as well as restricting the sponsor not to realize the

advances given to farmers by sales or mortgage of lands but only against the

produced commodity

The formulated laws amp amendments being structured and written so-well need

to be implemented as-well The ordinance any-how brings opportunity for the

state amp corporates it must take our farmers beside giving them a part in the

whole production process with a good extra-income rather than treating them

only as land owners

Jagadananda Pradhan

Editorial member Shyamala Subarna

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc

gecircugravebzucirc aucircbullucirceth

It gives me immense pleasure to see the

presence of 10th edition of

SHYAMALA SUBARNA The

magazine was started as a student

initiative to address the farmers

problem and provide them with

insights into the advancing technology

related to agriculture It has served its

purpose and can be rightfully proclaimed as the leading

agriculture magazine in Odisha

I wish this journey continues for a long span of

time

The lineage that it has created should be carried on

ages to come and be an inspiration for all the

agriculturists

Pragnya Paramita Feature Head(Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc

It is heartening to note that the students of

Centurion University is bringing out the

10th Edition of the quarterly Agricultural

magazine SHYAMALA SUBARNA

Heartfelt congratulations and

appreciations are extended to the entire

team on successful completion of the

second foundation year It gives me

immense pleasure to share how the magazine has provided an

excellent venue in the line of agriculture and allied sectors

successfully drawing the attention of the scientific community

of the university This magazine has also influenced the

budding minds by paving ways to make their contribution in

the field of agriculture

Dr S P Nanda

Dean(Admin) MSSSOA CUTM

Parlakhemundi

gecircugravebzucirc aucircbullucirceth

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The present day Agriculture scenario of India urges upon us to

bring a paradigm shift in the conventional Agriculture production

systems There should be a comprehensive approach in

reframing the present Agricultural structure thus including all

latest aspects of crop production and protection emphasizing on

zero budget natural farming by introduction of biofertilizers and

biopesticides can be the holistic alternative to todays high cost

chemical input based agriculture- which in my opinion is the

current need of the hour

Epsita swain Technical officer (Plant Pathology)

Dir Plant Protection Quarantine amp Storage GOI

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To ensure safe affordable amp enough food and overcome

farmersrsquo challenges around low productivity amp income it is

critical to transform Indian agriculture One of the key

priorities of the government is doubling farmersrsquo

incomesSuccess will depend on how farmers are

aggregated for production and marketing promotion of

contract farming cluster farming farmer producer

organizations and self-help groupsIndia needs a five-point

program that addresses agrarian challenges and brings

together various ongoing programs under one umbrella

Soumya sthitapragyanphd scholar ouat

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gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-41

Agriculture Education

I myself had been

born and grown in

an urban area and

my first contact

with farming was

at university level during graduation

I was really surprised one day when

one of my close relative said that he

is unaware of the

agricultural course

that I was doing I

strongly believe that there is lack of

knowledge about the career

opportunities in agriculture sector

among the parents as well as the

students which results in choose of

engineering or medical courses

Many people think that farmers raise

crops and livestock to feed their own

families but they donrsquot realize that

because of these farmers only we are

eating thrice a day even during

locked down period However farms

today are specialized they do not

look like those in childrenrsquos books

Farming became hi-tech Most of the

farmers started using iPads laptops

drones and many more Some of

them have higher education like

diploma or Bachelorrsquos degree or

training certificate It is challenging

for any agricultural professor to

have a debate with an experienced

farmer

With a rapidly increasing

population and a demand to feed 96

billion people by the year 2050 the

world needs passionate youth who

are willing to make a commitment in

farming Therefore there is a need

toinspire young people by

showcasing stories about

peopleincluding some of the

software employees who have

successfully

launched

agribusiness start-

ups We saw many messages from

aspiring youth entrepreneurs who

are succeeded in agriculture

industries

Agricultural education program

must be established in urban schools

which could play a crucial role in

increasing the involvement of

students from high school level in

farming Innovative agriculture

projects assignments to be given for

the school students this leads to

develop agriculturally

knowledgeable students who can

succeed during their higher

education research

Mr N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Assistant Professor

Genetics and Plant Breeding

Centurion University

Paralakhemundi

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-42

Croprsquos

Paradise

Monsoon

Pujyasmita Nayak

Monsoon

is the seasonal

reversing wind

accompanied by

corresponding

changes in atmospheric circulation

and precipitation associated with the

asymmetric heating of land and sea

Monsoon signifies the directional

shifting of winds from one to other

season They flow from sea to land

during summer and from land to sea

during winter Monsoons are

seasonal winds which reverse their

direction with the change of season

India receives Southwest monsoon

winds in summer and northeast

monsoon in winter About 54 of

worldrsquos population depends on

monsoon rain for their crop

Usually Indian

meteorological Department (IMD)

releases long range or seasonal

forecast for Southwest monsoon in

two stage process 1st forecast is in

middle of April and 2nd

is issued in

1st week of June

In this

difficult time

of corona

pandemic

situation the only good

news about the Indian monsoon is

this year will have a normal

monsoon Quantitatively the

monsoon rainfall in 2020 is expected

to be 100 of its long period

Average (LPA) with a model error

of +_ 5 Usually we tell it normal

when probability of rainfall LPA is

between 96-104 This LPA is

calculated based on the average

rainfall over years 1961 to 2000 in

country as a whole According to

LPA Indiarsquos seasonal rain fall is

88cm and this year the forecast

probability is 41 So there is a high

probability of monsoon is likely to

be normal The above normal it is

104-110 of LPA with forecast

probability is 21 for excess gt110

LPA with forecast probability is 9

below normal 92-96 LPA with

forecast probability is 20 and

deficient rain with forecast

probability is 9 which will have

large adverse affect on agriculture

and allied sectors

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-43

As we are aware that IMD use

both statistical and dynamical model

for preparing monsoon forecast The

sufficient forecast is however based

on statistical model and dynamical

model prediction gave a very high

probability for monsoon to be above

normal to excess and almost 70

probability of monsoon rainfall ie

gt104 The main reason of showing

more probability of dynamical

model is due to the model is

predicting a kind of evolution to La

Nina phase in the eastern parts of

Pacific Ocean IMD continuously

monitoring the position of EL Nino

or southern oscillation because

ENSO EL Nino La Nina condition

have a direct impact on monsoon

rainfall of India

From other models it is

concluded that ENSO is in a neutral

phase between EL Nino and

southern oscillation however by the

end of 2nd

half of monsoon season is

likely to be possibility of La Nina

phase As per information of normal

monsoon it will be helpful for

agriculture sector for better crop

yield and also economic growth of

our country It is expected to be

monsoon rainfall of India for 2020 is

102 in between June to September

North India is likely to receive

above normal rainfall

Monsoon onset for Kerala is

declared in 1st June Monsoon is a

part of south west wind and itrsquos an

important factor for declaration of

Southwest monsoon According to

criteria of IMD Southwest wind

should be strong at west of Kerala

and south Arabian sea ie at least

15-20 nuts and the vertical depth

should be 4-5km which is satisfied

the current year of arrived monsoon

in 1st June Radar system in coast is

useful that the winds recorded from

radar is the prevailing strong south

westerly wind and the detected

convective clouds from satellite is

persistent over south east Arabian

seas and Kerala coast Due to this

rainfall recorded in Kerala is

widespread in 30th

and 31st of may

and more than 80 of reported

rainfall gt25mm As per the record

of heavy to heavy rainfall in Kerala

in a day especially in Kozhikode

district 9cm And Trivandrum 6cm of

rainfall

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-44

Arriving of monsoon is in Assam

AP and KN in India is 5th of June

Odisha West bengal Maharashtra

Telangana in 10th June

Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Bihar in

15th June Gujarat Western part of

UP and MP UK in 20th

June

Himachal pradesh Jammu

ampKashmir in 25th June Punjab

Haryana Rajasthan in 30th

June

This year monsoon is

started in the time when the country

is affected by the novel corona virus

According to scientists monsoon

rainfall cannot able to minimize the

spreading of virus and due to low

humidity there is a possibility of

wide spread

And only piece of good news for the

Indian economy which is battling

the COVID-19 and its aftereffects of

gloomy scenario India is likely to

have a normal monsoon this year It

is crucial to rice wheat sugarcane

and oilseeds cultivation in the

country where farming accounts for

about 15 per cent of the economy

and employs over half of its people

However over extreme northwest

India the monsoon arrives now little

earlier on July 8 compared to the

existing date of July 15

For Kharif Crop Outlook

from Monsoon update

farmers are expecting

sowing of the Kharif

commodities to be

higher than the previous

year Sentimentally this

forecast is expected to bring

bearish trend in the prices of

the Kharif commodities such as

Soybean Cotton Castor Seed and

Turmeric Mentha Oil and

Cardamom could also witness

pressure in the coming weeks as

well with positive monsoon reportsrdquo

Msc(Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-45

The term ldquoterrace gardenrdquo

can refer to a garden

which is established on a

terrace roof or patio

usually in a house where

there is limited gardening

space These types of

gardens are especially popular in urban areas and they are sometimes used

in restaurants and other establishments as well Availability of space is an

important consideration for terrace farming It must be ensured that the

terrace receives ample sunlight If there are areas where the sun is too harsh

you can cover them with a shade or opt-out of placing your plants there

Baskets growbags or even an artificial lawn can be used on the surface of the

terrace If you are looking for an economical terrace garden growbags are a

better option but make sure that the bottom of these bags is waterproofed to

avoid any leakage into the home Some vegetables that can be grown easily are

beans tomatoes chillies herbs leafy vegetables and brinjals If larger space is

available you could try climbers and root vegetables

If the terrace is strong with ample space then different fruit-bearing trees can be

cultivated by carrying out efficient training and prunning but always opt for

indigenous seeds when doing so lsquoDesirsquo seeds can withstand any climatic

Terrace Gardening

A Step towards

sustainalble life

Miss Pragnya Paramita

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-46

condition and give you a better harvest Moreover they are easily available in

the market

Making your own soil is crucial for terrace gardening This mix should ideally

consist of regular soil compost coir peatsand and

vermicompost in equal quantities Its

important to add the mix to the soil weekly

because the nutrients have a tendency of

washing away during watering and also

rain Eventually you can create your

own compost and even make fertilisers

and pesticides from the gardenrsquos

vegetable and fruit waste Watering

plants twice a day keeps them

hydrated especially during the

summers

Patience is Key Experts have repeatedly said that patience is keyTerrace gardening is no rocket

science itrsquos all about the effort and the care you put into your cultivation For

first-time gardeners it may be very difficult to go through the initial period of

waiting Therersquos a high tendency to give up but the joy of eating a homegrown

vegetable or fruit is something else If much time and effort is put into the

garden then you will get more than what you asked for

Sourcing your soil seeds and other material from local farmers can really bring

down your expenses With an initial investment of Rs 3000 anyone can set up

their terrace garden Most of the things required can be sourced easily from

nurseries and other organic farms at economical prices

All such factors make terrace farming a small but powerful tool towards

cultivating a sustainable lifestyle It will make us more close to the nature and

help us tackle any scarcity situations in the future It will also serve as an

efficient means of providing the younger generations with a broadened outlook

towards where their food comes from

Feature Head (Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-47

DrSahadevarsquos expertise is in crop

husbandry watershed management

plant protection and horticulture He has

nearly 30 years experience in teaching

research consultancy and the provision

of agricultural extension servicesHe has

worked at the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Department of Agriculture Cooperation

amp Farmers Welfare Ministry of

Agriculture and the Planning

Commission of India DrSahadeva was

the Director (Academic) at the School of

Agricultural Sciences Jaipur National

University in Rajasthan He has earned a

PhD and MSc in agronomy from the

prestigious Indian Agricultural Research

Institute (IARI) and BSc (Agriculture

and Animal Husbandry) from CS Azad

University of Agriculture amp Technology

Agriculture is the main stay of Indian economy and various initiatives are

being taken up in order to bring about a country wide revolution in it Though

a lot of money gets sanctioned to the agriculture sector in every budget and

numerous beneficial schemes are

cooked for alleviating the

farmersrsquo condition but still

everyday in newspapers in

media we come across the

plight of farmers and how mass

migration from villages to cities

is taking place at a faster rate

Majority of people donrsquot want to

take up farming as a

profession Even a farmer

himself prefers his own progeny

to be a job holder rather than a

farmer So in order to shade

some light on these situations

we interviewed Dr Sahadeva

Singh Associate dean School

of Agricultural Sciences G D

Goenka University New Delhi

ldquoStreamlined linkage between

all the sphere of agriculture

and the farmer is the need of

the hourrdquo

- Dr Sahadeva Singh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-48

Special Interview

SHYAMALA

SUBARNA

Q How far the initiatives taken up by the Government of India have

proved beneficial for the farmers of our country

AThe government has been quite proactive to provide help to the farmers by

way of capital subsidy quality inputs and technical support Implementation of

several schemes such as RKVY NHM etc are being done for their betterment

Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi initiative farmers will get up to

6000 rupees per year as minimum income support deposited in their accounts

directly ICAR State Agriculture Universities Krishi Vikash Kendras National

Seed Corporations and various other government institutions are working for

improvement of the agriculture sector

Q So why do you think that the

farmers of our country are still

backward and unable to reap the

benefits What strategies are we lacking

in

The missing link has been the inability to create a proper streamlined linkage

between the government research extension industry and farmer ICAR which

is the apex body for agricultural research has no legislative powers which it

from making laws when needed Only 5 of the total agricultural budget is

allotted to ICAR of carrying out numerous functions So proper extension

machinery couldnrsquot be enforced and farmers get backward in application of

improved technicalities Also proper marketing structure and abolition of

middlemen for increasing farmerrsquos profit couldnrsquot be done till now

Q What strategies should be implemented in order to bring about the

efficient utilisation of resources for agriculture

Establishment of a central agriculture service can provide an effective linkage

between the farmer and the technical institutions as well the government

Shifting of agriculture from the state list to the concurrent list and providing

ICAR with legislative powers and more funding will help in smooth

implementation of research in the farmersrsquo field The strengthening of the

extension machinery and more demand based research will help to bring about

major beneficial changes The small and the marginal farmers should be able to

club their lands legally cultivate on it and divide the income according to their

percent share in the land Reorganisation of the entire setup of agriculture

marketing decreasing the interference of middle men traceability of the

farmersrsquo produce by the customers and capability of the farmer to establish his

own outlets are some important solutions

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-49

Q How can the youth of our country be made more involved in agriculture

and be able to take up farming as a profession

They can be sensitize about the importance of agriculture from a younger age

by including agriculture in the course syllabus Professional courses such as

medical ayurveda food processing should have at least one course of

agriculture from the view of food quality nutrition and medicinal value

Agriculture graduates

should be provided

with industrial

attachment which

improves their skill

and employability

Their innovations

and start-ups should

be funded and they

should be provided

subsidies if they take

up farming as a

profession

Vocational training

for dropout graduates will also be helpful for increasing resource personnel

Q Lastly Sir what do you feel our magazine Shymala Subarna can do

more to be beneficial to the farming society

Shymala Subarna is doing outstanding work and what is more amazing about it

is that it is a student initiative which has been able to create a space for itself

Itrsquos work was praised by the agricultural community and deserves to be

rewarded I wish it keeps on growing and keeping the same standard for years to

come

Interview taken by ndash

Miss Pragnya Paramita Feature Head

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-50

Rishikesh Sahoo

Secondary agriculture assumes

prominence with the announcement

of the goal of doubling farmersrsquo

incomesThe term lsquosecondaryrsquo has a

bearing on climate change

adaptation and its mitigation small

farm viability and profitability food

security nutrition sustainable utilisation

of natural resources and optimal usage of produce from primary

agriculture and farm incomesIn other words promoting secondary

agriculture has implications on attaining sustainable development goals

which aim to connect primary secondary and tertiary sectors by using idle

factors of production such as land and labourmdashcontributing to primary

agriculture production capturing lsquovaluersquo in primary agricultural activities

and generating additional income at the enterprise level

Secondary agriculture is a production activity at enterprise or farm level and it

devised a four-fold strategyIt has drawn attention of development

professionals agribusiness academics and experts and policymaking bodies

Secondary agriculture as is defined can help drive the growth of primary

agriculture and three avenues have been identified that adequately help utilise

capital human resources technology organisational capabilities and risk

management

Secondary

Agriculture

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-51

Type A Value-addition to primary agriculture production systems-

Itcan be achieved by improving livelihood enhancement action plans that are

implemented by community-based organisations Linking farmers with the

market through aggregation andgrading of agricultural produce can help them in

value enhancement and appropriation Collectivisations cluster farming

financial literacy marketing skills are important to build this avenue

Type B Alternative enterprises but linked to rural off-farm activities-

Itrsquos based on utilisation of alternative enterprises to primary agriculture but is

associated with rural off-farm activities like poultry bee-keeping duck farming

and livestock management are off-farm enterprises that can be promoted as part

of integrated farming system Integrated farming can hedge farm risk in the

period of crop failure and even ease out the seasonality in the stream of cash

flows

Type C Enterprises that thrive on crop residues and waste materials of

primary agriculture-

These are such enterprises that strive on crop residues or by-products of

primary agriculture For example after recovering sugar from cane cane can be

used as bagasse for molasses production Similarly cotton stalk and seed (after

ginning) can be used for de-oiled cake preparation or utilised in the secondary

and tertiary sector

To promote agricultural entrepreneurship or agricultural enterprises there is

recognition of priority sector status for institutional credit low-cost skilling and

knowledge-based exposure of farm communities specialised extension services

for enterprises owned by females priority under rural electrification objectives

fast-track procedures to avail benefits under the ongoing central sector schemes

and label geographical indicators to products of village-scale secondary

agricultureAgribusiness incubation and acceleration if made marketable can

benefit farm communities and appropriate market linkages can improve

farmersrsquo realisations through collectivisation However a concerted effort at

both policy and implementation levels at the Centre and states is necessary to

attain this goal

Btech Agriculture (4th

year)

CUTM Gajapati Odisha

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-52

Sericulture is an agro-based industry It involves rearing of silkworms for

the production of raw silk which is the yarn obtained out of cocoons spun

by certain species of insects

Cultivation to feed the silkworms that spin silk cocoons and reeling the cocoons

to unwind the silk filament for value added advantages like process and

weaving are the major activities of sericulture Silk has been blended with the

life and culture of the Indians India is the second largest producer of silk within

the globe Among the four kinds of silk created in 2015-16 Mulberry accounts

for 718 (20434 MT) Tasar 99 (2818 MT) Eri 178 (5054 MT) and

Muga 06 (166 MT) of the total raw silk production of 28472 MTMulberry

sericulture is principally practised in 5 states ie Karnataka Andhra Pradesh

Assam and Bodoland West Bengal Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are major silk

producing states in the country North East has the distinctive distinction of

being the sole region manufacturing four kinds of silk like Mulberry Oak Tasar

Muga and Eri Overall NE region contributes eighteen of Indias total silk

production

ADVANTAGES

High employment potential60 lakh persons are engaged in various

sericulture activities in the countryItIt is calculable that Sericulture can

generate employment 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in

Sericulture ndash An

Introduction

Soumya Sthitapragnya

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-53

on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout the year This potential ispar-

excellence and no other business generates this type of employment

especially in rural areas hence sericulture is used as a tool for rural

reconstruction

Eco-friendly ActivityAs a perennial crop with good foliage and root-

spread mulberry contributes to conservation and provides green

coverWaste from silkworm rearing will be recycled as inputs to

gardenDried mulberry twigs and branches are used as fuel in place of

firewood and therefore reduce the pressure on

vegetationforestBeingBeing a labour intensive and predominantly agro-

based activity involvement of smoke-emitting machinery is

minimalDevelopmental programmes initiated for mulberry plantation are

mainly in upland areas where un-used cultivable land is made

productiveIntercropping can also be done with numerous

plantationsBeing a deep-rooted perennial plant it can be raised in vacant

lands hill slopes and watershed areasCurrently only concerning 01

of the cultivable land in the country is beneath mulberry cultivation

Women friendly Occupation Women constitutes over hour of those

employed in down-stream activities of sericulture in the country This is

the result of sericulture activities ranging from mulberry garden

management leaf harvesting and silkworm rearing is more effectively

taken up by the women folks Even silk reeling business together with

weaving is largely supported by them

Low Gestation High Returns Estimated investments of Rs12000 to

15000 (excluding cost of land and rearing space) is adequate for

undertaking mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing in one acre of

irrigated landIt takes only six months for mulberry to grow for

commencement of silkworm rearing Once planted it will go on

supporting silkworm rearing year after year for 15-20 years depending on

inputs and management providedFive crops can be taken in one year

under tropical conditionsBy adopting stipulated package of practices a

farmer can attain net income levels up to Rs30000 per acre per annum

PhD scholar Entomology OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-54

Post Corona Era ndash

Sustainability the only

way out

The COVID-19 pandemic and

the global economic crisis has

brought some new ideas

ideologies and habits into the

limelight Is everything going to

be normal after lockdown No

never It will take 4-5 quarters to

normalise the financial situation So now the

question arises how to combat with it Yes certainly

there are ways After all need is the mother of invention Hence in this time of

need we all have to work towards betterment of the earth This lockdown has

certainly taught everyone that health is the most important thing and food and

agricultural products are the most essential items As ministry of AYUSH

suggested to take some ayurvedic products eg tulsi(basil) leaves black pepper

synthi pipali to fight against corona by increasing immunity it shows how

medicinal plants are important to us The kind of misery people faced to have

vegetables showed us the importance of kitchen garden Yeah all of us can

have our kitchen garden window garden Terrace garden or vertical garden

notonly for decoration butalso for our own consumption This outbreak makes

us alarmed to go for gardening in a small area for our own We can grow leafy

vegetables like amaranthus spinach corriander and medicinal plants like tulsi

in our home That makes us productive during lockdown and we can avail fresh

healthy vegetables anytime For the farming community out there Corona

certainly brought a loss to you but it also showed you the practical implications

of integrated farming system(IFS) To all the respected farmers its not late you

can go for IFS now too

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-55

How IFS will help

You can switch from crop to crop as per the demand of society eg

during lockdown we found many farmers had to bear loss because of

huge production but less marketing of certain crops like watermelon

bananas In such crisis time we should go for some short time crops like

spinach amaranthus radish that will bring good income

Secondly diversification brings more sources of income like those who

just do paddy are at great loss than the

one who does mushroom as well

Mushroom is easily and fast grown

agricultural product

Thirdly for the farmwomen

be the true partner of your husband

in this crisis time Go for post

harvest management and processing

of excess produce and reap the

benefits eg banana chips tomato

ketchup sauce pickles etc

Hence corona outbreak and post

lockdown situation will be a beginning of a new era and all of us should be well

prepared for it Because struggling for existence is the bitter truth of nature Opt

for the right method to bring about right changes in the right time

Richa Mishra Msc (Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-56

Upasana Mohapatra

Though India is one of the fastest growing economies in the

world the challenges and the problems faced by Indian

economy lower its growth rateHuge dependence of

population on agriculture and low level of science and

technology are the major concerned areas for boosting the

economy growth rate Recent development in science and

technology can modernise the agriculture for improving the

crop productivity and also uplift the rate of industrial

production Biotechnology is the recent trend in science

and technology which can be used as the key to these

basic problems of agriculture its allied sectors and the industry as well

Biotechnology

Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and

technology According to US National Science Foundation - It is the controlled

use of biological agents such as microorganisms or cellular components for

beneficial useacute Thus biotechnology is an integrated application of knowledge

and technique to draw benefits from properties and capacities of

microorganisms and animals and plants

Biotechnology can be classified as

1) Red Biotechnology or Medical biotechnology- biotechnology used for

production of biopharmaceuticals like recombinant protein enzymes vaccines

and antibiotics

2) White biotechnology or Industrial biotechnology- biotechnology used for

industrial production

3) Green biotechnology or Agricultural biotechnology- biotechnology used

for crop improvement in agriculture

4) Blue biotechnology or Marine biotechnology- biotechnology used for

marine and aquatic applications

Biotechnology ndash A Way to uplift

Indian Economy

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-57

The development of these sectors of biotechnology can lead the way towards

improving economy

Biotechnology in Medical Science

The companies involved in medical biotechnology do

the work on protein purification molecular cloning

and expression of native and synthetic genes

They also offer polyclonal and monoclonal

antibody development and formulation of

certain types of vaccines The in-house

expertise in recombinant DNA technology and

development of cell lines for recombinant

product synthesis improve the production of

drugs and vaccines in medical science which in

succession push the Indian economy Some of

the companies in medical science are Shantha

Biotech Ranbaxy Laboratories and Dr Reddyrsquos

Laboratory (DRL)

Biotechnology in Industry

The bio-manufacturing strategies such as Fermentation technology can catalyse

the production of biopharmaceuticals alcohols foods biofertilizers and

biofuels The production of these products in industrial scale should be

supported through new policies for raising the Indian economy

Biotechnology in marine Science

The major focussed areas in marine science are semi intensive prawn culture

intensive carp culture feed and seed production disease diagnosis and vaccine

development bioactive compounds like biopigments from cyanobacteria

biotransformation of secondary metabolites and

bioprospectingmicrometabolites from marine organisms including

microorganisms see weeds extremophiles bioremediation The

commercialisation of the products and the process in marine biotechnology can

be an useful stategy for development of economic growth rate in India

Biotechnology in Agriculture

Biotechnology can drive the agriculture in a faster speed as it shortens

the breeding cycle of some crops helps in large-scale plant clonal propagation

produces genetically variable crops like virus-free plants disease resistant

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-58

plants herbicide resistant plants insect resistant plant regeneration of forests

(teak eucalyptus sandalwood tamarind rubber and oil palm commercial

production of secondary metabolites from the medicinal and aromatic plants

Also theseed companies like Mahyco Indo-American Hybrid Seed

expanding their RampD to cover biotechnology to develop their own transgenic

crops Some of smaller companies have started employing techniques such as

tissue culture for their breeding programmes for crop improvement

Biotechnology can be a cause in a second Green Revolution with

tremendous opportunities to ensure food security along with the economic well-

being of the farmer Approval of Bt Cotton cultivation in India helps in the

increament of cotton yield and increase the production of textile industry which

supports the Indian economy in great extent

Challenges of Biotechnology in India

If physics and chemistry drove the industrial transformations of the twentieth

century biology promises to generate ground breaking technological

applications in the present one which is the biotechnology Though India has a

separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) state universities research

institute to propagate research in transgenic plants and its cultivation in India

the bioethics and the environmental issues check the growth of biotechnology

and its further application in different sectors including Agriculture food

science marine science and industrial production The attitude toward

transgenics GMOs and the biotechnology should be changed before using this

technology in different sectors of India As a result there will be a harmony in

the utilisation of biotechnology and acceptance of its products in the society

which will lead to an accelerated development of Indian economy

PhD Scholar University of Agricultural

Sciences GKVK Bengaluru

Email id- upasanaprangya92gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-59

Integrated disease management

A boon to sustainable Agriculture

Integrated disease management (IDM) can be referred to

as the cumulative use of various plant disease control

methods like cultural mechanical biological host

resistance or genetic methods along with sparse use of

chemical pesticidesIt is an environment friendly approach

which takes into account the need-base use of chemical

pesticides rather than exploiting the nature with the

toxicity of the same The ultimate objective of IDM is to

bring down the pathogen population below the economic

threshold level

IDM is a wise integration of

- Cultural or mechanical control

- Biological control

- Host resistance

- Chemical control

Cultural Control

It is the most feasible method of control as it can be easily accessible to any

common man Cultural or mechanical method of control takes into account

manipulation and management of environment condition making it unsuitable

for the pathogen to grow and perpetuate on the host plant It includes methods

like crop rotation field sanitation proper irrigation aeration of soil optimum

spacing manipulation of sowing and harvesting dates etc

Biological Control

It refers to use of living organisms to reduce the inoculum density or disease-

causing activities of the pathogensparasites

Host-resistance

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-60

It refers to the cultivation of resistant cultivars to combat disease incidences It

is the inherent character of the plant which has certainly no side effects on the

environment

Chemical control

In IDM chemical control is meant to be the least used method so as to reduce

the adverse impact on the environment It involves need base and seldom use of

chemical pesticides

IDM in India

India having an agrarian economy agriculture acts as the primary source of

living for about 60 of the countryrsquos population Crop loss due to diseases can

go upto 40-50 which is a huge pie of the cake In the era of the

modernization incurring adverse effect on the environment it is the need of the

time to protect our mother nature Minimal use of chemical and exploitation of

the other methods which are environment friendly is the key to survival But the

success of IDM implementation is based on the socio-economic and educational

status of the farmers of the country Proper utilization of the IDM strategy

requires a pre-requisite knowledge on the methods and their implications Lack

of awareness and knowledge on this aspect makes IDM less popular and the

farmers continue to use the conventional plant protection methods with

extensive use of chemical

Future prospects

Plant health clinics should be popularized in order to counselthe farmers and the

commoners regarding the knows and hows of IDM IDM can lead us towards a

more sustainable and stable form of agriculture if practiced appropriately

Sushree Suparna Mahapatra Department of

Plant Pathology

Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology

Gmail - mahapatrasushree9gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-61

Agriculture being the sole

supplier of human food is the largest

industry and major land use sector on

the globe Indian agriculture became self sustainable after the era of green

revolution during 1960s In the recent data proposed by the ldquoMinistry of

Agriculture and Farmers Welfarerdquo the agricultural production is around 59569

MT in 2018-19 cropping year The youth dominated country India can achieve

the remarkable production due to emerging entrepreneurial activities in

agriindustry The farmers field is not consider as the producer of food but as a

source of income for the farmer Indiarsquos economy is principally dominated by

agriculture with more than 60 population depending on it for their livelyhood

Agriculture entrepreneurship or agri-preneurship is a concept of latest origin It

is the entrepreneurial process taken up in agriculture or the allied sectors

Agriculture frames the foundation of the countrys economy It is a process of

adopting the new methods processes techniques in agriculture or allied sectors

of agriculture for better output and economic earnings

Agricutural Entrepreneurship

Opportunities and Challenges

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-62

Need of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Over the period of time from independence till date the GDP contribution

declines from 519 in 1950-51 to 1587 in 2018-19 With repect to the

agricultural production India stands second but as far as the export is concerned

the rank is 14th in the world It was also observed that our countriersquos average

production per hectare is only half of the worldrsquos average Various other areas

viz local availability of agri and horticultural produces lesser investment to

start small scale industries government sponsorship and encouragements

employment oppertunities and check migration of rural youth to urban areas

etc provides a vast scope for agricultural entreprenureship Hence from the

above facts and figures it can be concluded that there is a clear need for

agriprenureship development in this sectors for strengthening the demanad and

production gap infrastructure development supporting faster agricultural

development promoting value addition and preservation creating employment

doubling farmers income and minimizing the challenges faced due to economic

leberalization and globalization etc

Oppertunities for Agricultural Entrepreneurship

There is a popular saying

ldquoThe thing not found in India

can never be found in the universerdquo

(Jaha Nahi Bharate Taha nahi Jagate)

It means India is the rich source of all the amenities and services With

the proper utilization farmer can able to produce the food grains There are

various critical areas in agriculture sector from the farmer to the food till reach

in consumerrsquos plate like input stage farming stage value chain output

processing marketing and various related services India is blessed with varied

agroclimatic diversity and can produce a wide range of produce Presently the

scope and oppertunity of agripreneural activity is increasing as a result of

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-63

globalization and more interconnected world market Few of the agripreneural

activities are discussed below

(i) Input Sector-

The agricultural processes needs a wide range of inputs like seeds

fertilizers pesticides innovative localized and cost effective tools and

techniques There are very promising way forward in sectors like biofertilizers

biopesticides vermicomposting soil amending and testing and R and D in seed

production

(ii) Farming Sector-

The important advisory and recently developed technology and materials

(variety implements fertilizers etc) can be used to enhance the production

Various farming enterprises viz horticultural enterprise organic farming

poultry farming mushroom cultivation Hi-tech farming green house

cultivation vertical faming etc could be a new venture to gain momentum in

agripreneurship

(iii) Value Chain-

Supply chain is the vital platform to help farmers in supplying the

produce from the field to plate Hence intermediaries online web portals e-

marketing can be a good area to look at an entrepreneur

(iv) Processing Sector-

Approximately 30 of the produce produced are lost in the agricultural

sector which can be reduced if properly proceesd and preserved hence this

sector needs entrepreneurial intervention

(v) Marketing Sector-

The highly perishable agricultural commodities needs a very well

organised marketing frame work in the country and outside hence the

agripreneurs must have a eye on this

(vi) Agricultural Services Sector-

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-64

The various farm servises like availability of labour cropping

information weather forecasting insect pest and disease monitoring are very

much essential servises and should be deseminated in proper time hence have a

good scope for agri-entreprenures

Though huge potential for agripreneurship some important challenge

obstruct the path which needs timely and critically varification and correction

Challenges of Aricultural Entrepreneurship

The major challenges are inadequate infrastructure lack of

entrepreneurial culture migration of the rural farmer and skilled labourer to

urban areas poor technological and equipmental intervention inadiquate and

improper supply of inputs problem in marketing of the agricultural produce

produced uneven demand interventions of middle man inadiquate institutional

measures and government policies fragmented land holdings deteriorating

natural resourses and the natural calamities pose a serious hindrance on

agripreneurial activities The entrepreneur should mentally stable enough to

countercat those to achive the most

Conclusion

It is very much clear from the foregoing discussion that the agricultural

entrepreneurship have a wide potential for the upcoming entrepreneurs

However the constraints and challenges should be considered before jumping to

the agriprenurial activity as stated in a old saying

ldquoDo farming to get 100 profit

or do it for atleast 10 investmentrdquo

So at the end it can be concluded that the profit and sustanability both

should be the outlook for an agrientreprenure

Subhrajyoti Mishra PhD Research Scholar Department of Horticultuee

College of Horticulture JAU Junagadh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-65

Ordinance on Contract farming

Odisha Governmentrsquos vision for

Expansion amp Intensification

Odisha is an agricultural state with about 74 of its rural

workforce relying upon agriculture with a marginal small

land holding also out of which more than 50 are below

poverty line This fragmented land holdings have become the major barrier

before the farmers to expand their farming activities of investments as well as

technological advancements Even many of them are devoid of the lift-irrigation

facility under water stress conditions The government intervention with

measures like MSP Subsidy and loan waivers have only managed to save the

farmers from economic crisis but there is very few measures taken so far like

formation of FPOs and cooperative farming which would have increased the

farmerrsquos capacity productivity and economic status practically

In view to this capacity amp productivity expansion government of Odisha

recently promulgated an Ordinance on Contract farming Where it has made

legal provisions for corporate interventions in agricultural sector of Odisha

through contract farming which means the corporates can take on the lands on

lease or make contracts for the large scale specialized farming The government

has clarified this decision as being made to bring the fragmented land under one

management to optimize resource productivity amp also to encourage agricultural

exports of the state Though the government made mandates to safe guard the

farmersrsquo right on land as well as restricting the sponsor not to realize the

advances given to farmers by sales or mortgage of lands but only against the

produced commodity

The formulated laws amp amendments being structured and written so-well need

to be implemented as-well The ordinance any-how brings opportunity for the

state amp corporates it must take our farmers beside giving them a part in the

whole production process with a good extra-income rather than treating them

only as land owners

Jagadananda Pradhan

Editorial member Shyamala Subarna

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc

It is heartening to note that the students of

Centurion University is bringing out the

10th Edition of the quarterly Agricultural

magazine SHYAMALA SUBARNA

Heartfelt congratulations and

appreciations are extended to the entire

team on successful completion of the

second foundation year It gives me

immense pleasure to share how the magazine has provided an

excellent venue in the line of agriculture and allied sectors

successfully drawing the attention of the scientific community

of the university This magazine has also influenced the

budding minds by paving ways to make their contribution in

the field of agriculture

Dr S P Nanda

Dean(Admin) MSSSOA CUTM

Parlakhemundi

gecircugravebzucirc aucircbullucirceth

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc

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The present day Agriculture scenario of India urges upon us to

bring a paradigm shift in the conventional Agriculture production

systems There should be a comprehensive approach in

reframing the present Agricultural structure thus including all

latest aspects of crop production and protection emphasizing on

zero budget natural farming by introduction of biofertilizers and

biopesticides can be the holistic alternative to todays high cost

chemical input based agriculture- which in my opinion is the

current need of the hour

Epsita swain Technical officer (Plant Pathology)

Dir Plant Protection Quarantine amp Storage GOI

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To ensure safe affordable amp enough food and overcome

farmersrsquo challenges around low productivity amp income it is

critical to transform Indian agriculture One of the key

priorities of the government is doubling farmersrsquo

incomesSuccess will depend on how farmers are

aggregated for production and marketing promotion of

contract farming cluster farming farmer producer

organizations and self-help groupsIndia needs a five-point

program that addresses agrarian challenges and brings

together various ongoing programs under one umbrella

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Pujyasmita Nayak

Pragnya Paramita

Rishikesh Sahoo

Soumya Sthitapragnya

Richa Mishra

Upasana Mohapatra

Sushree Suparna Mohapatra

Subhrajyoti Mishra

Jagadananda Pradhan

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K`ograve Pyumlucirch KeucircA_ucirceograveaucirc ouml K`ograve Pyumlucircheecirc ugrave^K

fucircb cogravekecirc[ocircaucirceecirc Gjucirc Pyumlucirchuacuteu ucirc[ethograveK aiUacuteucircKecirc

ccurren ]ocircK cRbecircZ Keograve_ucirceogravea ouml

RograveucircA UyacuteucircM

ugraveKucirceucirc_ecircU K`ograve GK ^igraveucirc K`ograve aacircucircŠ ^ucirccugravee

Vograveucirc ugravejAQograve ouml GjucircKecirc ieKucirceuacute cucirc^yacuteZucirc ugraveaucircKecirc

aogravebograve^Uuml cjfeecirc ucircaograve CVecircQograve ouml eucircRyacute ieKucirce

Z[ucirc ayacuteaiucircdograveK iotildeiUacuteucirc cucirc^u cogravekograveZ Cyacutecugravee

ugraveKucirceucirc_ecircU K`ograveKecirc RograveucircA UyacuteucircM ugraveaucirc _ucircAntilde

Kucirc~ethyacuteKucirceuacute PyumlucircfograveQograve ouml

_acircbucircZ Kecirccucirce ugraveadivideyacute (ugraveiotildePecirceograved^ aogravegszligaograveyacuteucirckd MR_Zograve)

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-40

ugraveioslashbucircMyacute enot^ cjucirc_ucircZacirc

]^yacuteugravee ]^yacute Zecirc KeacutehK bucircA

ugraveZucirc _eograve RMugraveZ ugraveKjograveZ ^ucircjoacute ucircucirc

ugraveC Zecirc ucirccKecirc ZecircugraveŠ ucircjucirce

cYograveh ugraveagugravee Zecircjograve Bgszlige ucircucirc

Leucirc aehucircKecirc ijograve ijograveKucirc

`if `kucircC bkograve bkograveKucirc ucircucirc

Keacutehograve ucircce ugravegacircAcirc D_ucircucirc^

KeacutehK aucircG ucircc Ruacutea^ ucircucirc

ugraveceecircŠ iograveG ucircc ugravege

ugraveZYecirc Rd ]szlig^uacute jecircG Zucircjucirce ucircucirc

PyumlucirchuacuteKecirc ucircugravec Keograveaucirc isup1ucirc^

cYograveh eigrave_ugravee ugravei bMaucirc^ ucircucirc

Pyumlucirchuacute jiograveugravef ecirc^ograveucirc jiogravea

iecirc^ucirc ugravejucircA~ogravea ucircRogravee ~ecircM ucircucirc

currenucirc_K ugraveadivideograveK cjucircaograveyacuteucirckd iacutef_ecirce

Pyumlucirchuacute _ucircAntilde _ugrave

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-41

Agriculture Education

I myself had been

born and grown in

an urban area and

my first contact

with farming was

at university level during graduation

I was really surprised one day when

one of my close relative said that he

is unaware of the

agricultural course

that I was doing I

strongly believe that there is lack of

knowledge about the career

opportunities in agriculture sector

among the parents as well as the

students which results in choose of

engineering or medical courses

Many people think that farmers raise

crops and livestock to feed their own

families but they donrsquot realize that

because of these farmers only we are

eating thrice a day even during

locked down period However farms

today are specialized they do not

look like those in childrenrsquos books

Farming became hi-tech Most of the

farmers started using iPads laptops

drones and many more Some of

them have higher education like

diploma or Bachelorrsquos degree or

training certificate It is challenging

for any agricultural professor to

have a debate with an experienced

farmer

With a rapidly increasing

population and a demand to feed 96

billion people by the year 2050 the

world needs passionate youth who

are willing to make a commitment in

farming Therefore there is a need

toinspire young people by

showcasing stories about

peopleincluding some of the

software employees who have

successfully

launched

agribusiness start-

ups We saw many messages from

aspiring youth entrepreneurs who

are succeeded in agriculture

industries

Agricultural education program

must be established in urban schools

which could play a crucial role in

increasing the involvement of

students from high school level in

farming Innovative agriculture

projects assignments to be given for

the school students this leads to

develop agriculturally

knowledgeable students who can

succeed during their higher

education research

Mr N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Assistant Professor

Genetics and Plant Breeding

Centurion University

Paralakhemundi

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-42

Croprsquos

Paradise

Monsoon

Pujyasmita Nayak

Monsoon

is the seasonal

reversing wind

accompanied by

corresponding

changes in atmospheric circulation

and precipitation associated with the

asymmetric heating of land and sea

Monsoon signifies the directional

shifting of winds from one to other

season They flow from sea to land

during summer and from land to sea

during winter Monsoons are

seasonal winds which reverse their

direction with the change of season

India receives Southwest monsoon

winds in summer and northeast

monsoon in winter About 54 of

worldrsquos population depends on

monsoon rain for their crop

Usually Indian

meteorological Department (IMD)

releases long range or seasonal

forecast for Southwest monsoon in

two stage process 1st forecast is in

middle of April and 2nd

is issued in

1st week of June

In this

difficult time

of corona

pandemic

situation the only good

news about the Indian monsoon is

this year will have a normal

monsoon Quantitatively the

monsoon rainfall in 2020 is expected

to be 100 of its long period

Average (LPA) with a model error

of +_ 5 Usually we tell it normal

when probability of rainfall LPA is

between 96-104 This LPA is

calculated based on the average

rainfall over years 1961 to 2000 in

country as a whole According to

LPA Indiarsquos seasonal rain fall is

88cm and this year the forecast

probability is 41 So there is a high

probability of monsoon is likely to

be normal The above normal it is

104-110 of LPA with forecast

probability is 21 for excess gt110

LPA with forecast probability is 9

below normal 92-96 LPA with

forecast probability is 20 and

deficient rain with forecast

probability is 9 which will have

large adverse affect on agriculture

and allied sectors

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-43

As we are aware that IMD use

both statistical and dynamical model

for preparing monsoon forecast The

sufficient forecast is however based

on statistical model and dynamical

model prediction gave a very high

probability for monsoon to be above

normal to excess and almost 70

probability of monsoon rainfall ie

gt104 The main reason of showing

more probability of dynamical

model is due to the model is

predicting a kind of evolution to La

Nina phase in the eastern parts of

Pacific Ocean IMD continuously

monitoring the position of EL Nino

or southern oscillation because

ENSO EL Nino La Nina condition

have a direct impact on monsoon

rainfall of India

From other models it is

concluded that ENSO is in a neutral

phase between EL Nino and

southern oscillation however by the

end of 2nd

half of monsoon season is

likely to be possibility of La Nina

phase As per information of normal

monsoon it will be helpful for

agriculture sector for better crop

yield and also economic growth of

our country It is expected to be

monsoon rainfall of India for 2020 is

102 in between June to September

North India is likely to receive

above normal rainfall

Monsoon onset for Kerala is

declared in 1st June Monsoon is a

part of south west wind and itrsquos an

important factor for declaration of

Southwest monsoon According to

criteria of IMD Southwest wind

should be strong at west of Kerala

and south Arabian sea ie at least

15-20 nuts and the vertical depth

should be 4-5km which is satisfied

the current year of arrived monsoon

in 1st June Radar system in coast is

useful that the winds recorded from

radar is the prevailing strong south

westerly wind and the detected

convective clouds from satellite is

persistent over south east Arabian

seas and Kerala coast Due to this

rainfall recorded in Kerala is

widespread in 30th

and 31st of may

and more than 80 of reported

rainfall gt25mm As per the record

of heavy to heavy rainfall in Kerala

in a day especially in Kozhikode

district 9cm And Trivandrum 6cm of

rainfall

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-44

Arriving of monsoon is in Assam

AP and KN in India is 5th of June

Odisha West bengal Maharashtra

Telangana in 10th June

Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Bihar in

15th June Gujarat Western part of

UP and MP UK in 20th

June

Himachal pradesh Jammu

ampKashmir in 25th June Punjab

Haryana Rajasthan in 30th

June

This year monsoon is

started in the time when the country

is affected by the novel corona virus

According to scientists monsoon

rainfall cannot able to minimize the

spreading of virus and due to low

humidity there is a possibility of

wide spread

And only piece of good news for the

Indian economy which is battling

the COVID-19 and its aftereffects of

gloomy scenario India is likely to

have a normal monsoon this year It

is crucial to rice wheat sugarcane

and oilseeds cultivation in the

country where farming accounts for

about 15 per cent of the economy

and employs over half of its people

However over extreme northwest

India the monsoon arrives now little

earlier on July 8 compared to the

existing date of July 15

For Kharif Crop Outlook

from Monsoon update

farmers are expecting

sowing of the Kharif

commodities to be

higher than the previous

year Sentimentally this

forecast is expected to bring

bearish trend in the prices of

the Kharif commodities such as

Soybean Cotton Castor Seed and

Turmeric Mentha Oil and

Cardamom could also witness

pressure in the coming weeks as

well with positive monsoon reportsrdquo

Msc(Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-45

The term ldquoterrace gardenrdquo

can refer to a garden

which is established on a

terrace roof or patio

usually in a house where

there is limited gardening

space These types of

gardens are especially popular in urban areas and they are sometimes used

in restaurants and other establishments as well Availability of space is an

important consideration for terrace farming It must be ensured that the

terrace receives ample sunlight If there are areas where the sun is too harsh

you can cover them with a shade or opt-out of placing your plants there

Baskets growbags or even an artificial lawn can be used on the surface of the

terrace If you are looking for an economical terrace garden growbags are a

better option but make sure that the bottom of these bags is waterproofed to

avoid any leakage into the home Some vegetables that can be grown easily are

beans tomatoes chillies herbs leafy vegetables and brinjals If larger space is

available you could try climbers and root vegetables

If the terrace is strong with ample space then different fruit-bearing trees can be

cultivated by carrying out efficient training and prunning but always opt for

indigenous seeds when doing so lsquoDesirsquo seeds can withstand any climatic

Terrace Gardening

A Step towards

sustainalble life

Miss Pragnya Paramita

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-46

condition and give you a better harvest Moreover they are easily available in

the market

Making your own soil is crucial for terrace gardening This mix should ideally

consist of regular soil compost coir peatsand and

vermicompost in equal quantities Its

important to add the mix to the soil weekly

because the nutrients have a tendency of

washing away during watering and also

rain Eventually you can create your

own compost and even make fertilisers

and pesticides from the gardenrsquos

vegetable and fruit waste Watering

plants twice a day keeps them

hydrated especially during the

summers

Patience is Key Experts have repeatedly said that patience is keyTerrace gardening is no rocket

science itrsquos all about the effort and the care you put into your cultivation For

first-time gardeners it may be very difficult to go through the initial period of

waiting Therersquos a high tendency to give up but the joy of eating a homegrown

vegetable or fruit is something else If much time and effort is put into the

garden then you will get more than what you asked for

Sourcing your soil seeds and other material from local farmers can really bring

down your expenses With an initial investment of Rs 3000 anyone can set up

their terrace garden Most of the things required can be sourced easily from

nurseries and other organic farms at economical prices

All such factors make terrace farming a small but powerful tool towards

cultivating a sustainable lifestyle It will make us more close to the nature and

help us tackle any scarcity situations in the future It will also serve as an

efficient means of providing the younger generations with a broadened outlook

towards where their food comes from

Feature Head (Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-47

DrSahadevarsquos expertise is in crop

husbandry watershed management

plant protection and horticulture He has

nearly 30 years experience in teaching

research consultancy and the provision

of agricultural extension servicesHe has

worked at the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Department of Agriculture Cooperation

amp Farmers Welfare Ministry of

Agriculture and the Planning

Commission of India DrSahadeva was

the Director (Academic) at the School of

Agricultural Sciences Jaipur National

University in Rajasthan He has earned a

PhD and MSc in agronomy from the

prestigious Indian Agricultural Research

Institute (IARI) and BSc (Agriculture

and Animal Husbandry) from CS Azad

University of Agriculture amp Technology

Agriculture is the main stay of Indian economy and various initiatives are

being taken up in order to bring about a country wide revolution in it Though

a lot of money gets sanctioned to the agriculture sector in every budget and

numerous beneficial schemes are

cooked for alleviating the

farmersrsquo condition but still

everyday in newspapers in

media we come across the

plight of farmers and how mass

migration from villages to cities

is taking place at a faster rate

Majority of people donrsquot want to

take up farming as a

profession Even a farmer

himself prefers his own progeny

to be a job holder rather than a

farmer So in order to shade

some light on these situations

we interviewed Dr Sahadeva

Singh Associate dean School

of Agricultural Sciences G D

Goenka University New Delhi

ldquoStreamlined linkage between

all the sphere of agriculture

and the farmer is the need of

the hourrdquo

- Dr Sahadeva Singh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-48

Special Interview

SHYAMALA

SUBARNA

Q How far the initiatives taken up by the Government of India have

proved beneficial for the farmers of our country

AThe government has been quite proactive to provide help to the farmers by

way of capital subsidy quality inputs and technical support Implementation of

several schemes such as RKVY NHM etc are being done for their betterment

Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi initiative farmers will get up to

6000 rupees per year as minimum income support deposited in their accounts

directly ICAR State Agriculture Universities Krishi Vikash Kendras National

Seed Corporations and various other government institutions are working for

improvement of the agriculture sector

Q So why do you think that the

farmers of our country are still

backward and unable to reap the

benefits What strategies are we lacking

in

The missing link has been the inability to create a proper streamlined linkage

between the government research extension industry and farmer ICAR which

is the apex body for agricultural research has no legislative powers which it

from making laws when needed Only 5 of the total agricultural budget is

allotted to ICAR of carrying out numerous functions So proper extension

machinery couldnrsquot be enforced and farmers get backward in application of

improved technicalities Also proper marketing structure and abolition of

middlemen for increasing farmerrsquos profit couldnrsquot be done till now

Q What strategies should be implemented in order to bring about the

efficient utilisation of resources for agriculture

Establishment of a central agriculture service can provide an effective linkage

between the farmer and the technical institutions as well the government

Shifting of agriculture from the state list to the concurrent list and providing

ICAR with legislative powers and more funding will help in smooth

implementation of research in the farmersrsquo field The strengthening of the

extension machinery and more demand based research will help to bring about

major beneficial changes The small and the marginal farmers should be able to

club their lands legally cultivate on it and divide the income according to their

percent share in the land Reorganisation of the entire setup of agriculture

marketing decreasing the interference of middle men traceability of the

farmersrsquo produce by the customers and capability of the farmer to establish his

own outlets are some important solutions

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-49

Q How can the youth of our country be made more involved in agriculture

and be able to take up farming as a profession

They can be sensitize about the importance of agriculture from a younger age

by including agriculture in the course syllabus Professional courses such as

medical ayurveda food processing should have at least one course of

agriculture from the view of food quality nutrition and medicinal value

Agriculture graduates

should be provided

with industrial

attachment which

improves their skill

and employability

Their innovations

and start-ups should

be funded and they

should be provided

subsidies if they take

up farming as a

profession

Vocational training

for dropout graduates will also be helpful for increasing resource personnel

Q Lastly Sir what do you feel our magazine Shymala Subarna can do

more to be beneficial to the farming society

Shymala Subarna is doing outstanding work and what is more amazing about it

is that it is a student initiative which has been able to create a space for itself

Itrsquos work was praised by the agricultural community and deserves to be

rewarded I wish it keeps on growing and keeping the same standard for years to

come

Interview taken by ndash

Miss Pragnya Paramita Feature Head

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-50

Rishikesh Sahoo

Secondary agriculture assumes

prominence with the announcement

of the goal of doubling farmersrsquo

incomesThe term lsquosecondaryrsquo has a

bearing on climate change

adaptation and its mitigation small

farm viability and profitability food

security nutrition sustainable utilisation

of natural resources and optimal usage of produce from primary

agriculture and farm incomesIn other words promoting secondary

agriculture has implications on attaining sustainable development goals

which aim to connect primary secondary and tertiary sectors by using idle

factors of production such as land and labourmdashcontributing to primary

agriculture production capturing lsquovaluersquo in primary agricultural activities

and generating additional income at the enterprise level

Secondary agriculture is a production activity at enterprise or farm level and it

devised a four-fold strategyIt has drawn attention of development

professionals agribusiness academics and experts and policymaking bodies

Secondary agriculture as is defined can help drive the growth of primary

agriculture and three avenues have been identified that adequately help utilise

capital human resources technology organisational capabilities and risk

management

Secondary

Agriculture

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-51

Type A Value-addition to primary agriculture production systems-

Itcan be achieved by improving livelihood enhancement action plans that are

implemented by community-based organisations Linking farmers with the

market through aggregation andgrading of agricultural produce can help them in

value enhancement and appropriation Collectivisations cluster farming

financial literacy marketing skills are important to build this avenue

Type B Alternative enterprises but linked to rural off-farm activities-

Itrsquos based on utilisation of alternative enterprises to primary agriculture but is

associated with rural off-farm activities like poultry bee-keeping duck farming

and livestock management are off-farm enterprises that can be promoted as part

of integrated farming system Integrated farming can hedge farm risk in the

period of crop failure and even ease out the seasonality in the stream of cash

flows

Type C Enterprises that thrive on crop residues and waste materials of

primary agriculture-

These are such enterprises that strive on crop residues or by-products of

primary agriculture For example after recovering sugar from cane cane can be

used as bagasse for molasses production Similarly cotton stalk and seed (after

ginning) can be used for de-oiled cake preparation or utilised in the secondary

and tertiary sector

To promote agricultural entrepreneurship or agricultural enterprises there is

recognition of priority sector status for institutional credit low-cost skilling and

knowledge-based exposure of farm communities specialised extension services

for enterprises owned by females priority under rural electrification objectives

fast-track procedures to avail benefits under the ongoing central sector schemes

and label geographical indicators to products of village-scale secondary

agricultureAgribusiness incubation and acceleration if made marketable can

benefit farm communities and appropriate market linkages can improve

farmersrsquo realisations through collectivisation However a concerted effort at

both policy and implementation levels at the Centre and states is necessary to

attain this goal

Btech Agriculture (4th

year)

CUTM Gajapati Odisha

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-52

Sericulture is an agro-based industry It involves rearing of silkworms for

the production of raw silk which is the yarn obtained out of cocoons spun

by certain species of insects

Cultivation to feed the silkworms that spin silk cocoons and reeling the cocoons

to unwind the silk filament for value added advantages like process and

weaving are the major activities of sericulture Silk has been blended with the

life and culture of the Indians India is the second largest producer of silk within

the globe Among the four kinds of silk created in 2015-16 Mulberry accounts

for 718 (20434 MT) Tasar 99 (2818 MT) Eri 178 (5054 MT) and

Muga 06 (166 MT) of the total raw silk production of 28472 MTMulberry

sericulture is principally practised in 5 states ie Karnataka Andhra Pradesh

Assam and Bodoland West Bengal Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are major silk

producing states in the country North East has the distinctive distinction of

being the sole region manufacturing four kinds of silk like Mulberry Oak Tasar

Muga and Eri Overall NE region contributes eighteen of Indias total silk

production

ADVANTAGES

High employment potential60 lakh persons are engaged in various

sericulture activities in the countryItIt is calculable that Sericulture can

generate employment 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in

Sericulture ndash An

Introduction

Soumya Sthitapragnya

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-53

on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout the year This potential ispar-

excellence and no other business generates this type of employment

especially in rural areas hence sericulture is used as a tool for rural

reconstruction

Eco-friendly ActivityAs a perennial crop with good foliage and root-

spread mulberry contributes to conservation and provides green

coverWaste from silkworm rearing will be recycled as inputs to

gardenDried mulberry twigs and branches are used as fuel in place of

firewood and therefore reduce the pressure on

vegetationforestBeingBeing a labour intensive and predominantly agro-

based activity involvement of smoke-emitting machinery is

minimalDevelopmental programmes initiated for mulberry plantation are

mainly in upland areas where un-used cultivable land is made

productiveIntercropping can also be done with numerous

plantationsBeing a deep-rooted perennial plant it can be raised in vacant

lands hill slopes and watershed areasCurrently only concerning 01

of the cultivable land in the country is beneath mulberry cultivation

Women friendly Occupation Women constitutes over hour of those

employed in down-stream activities of sericulture in the country This is

the result of sericulture activities ranging from mulberry garden

management leaf harvesting and silkworm rearing is more effectively

taken up by the women folks Even silk reeling business together with

weaving is largely supported by them

Low Gestation High Returns Estimated investments of Rs12000 to

15000 (excluding cost of land and rearing space) is adequate for

undertaking mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing in one acre of

irrigated landIt takes only six months for mulberry to grow for

commencement of silkworm rearing Once planted it will go on

supporting silkworm rearing year after year for 15-20 years depending on

inputs and management providedFive crops can be taken in one year

under tropical conditionsBy adopting stipulated package of practices a

farmer can attain net income levels up to Rs30000 per acre per annum

PhD scholar Entomology OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-54

Post Corona Era ndash

Sustainability the only

way out

The COVID-19 pandemic and

the global economic crisis has

brought some new ideas

ideologies and habits into the

limelight Is everything going to

be normal after lockdown No

never It will take 4-5 quarters to

normalise the financial situation So now the

question arises how to combat with it Yes certainly

there are ways After all need is the mother of invention Hence in this time of

need we all have to work towards betterment of the earth This lockdown has

certainly taught everyone that health is the most important thing and food and

agricultural products are the most essential items As ministry of AYUSH

suggested to take some ayurvedic products eg tulsi(basil) leaves black pepper

synthi pipali to fight against corona by increasing immunity it shows how

medicinal plants are important to us The kind of misery people faced to have

vegetables showed us the importance of kitchen garden Yeah all of us can

have our kitchen garden window garden Terrace garden or vertical garden

notonly for decoration butalso for our own consumption This outbreak makes

us alarmed to go for gardening in a small area for our own We can grow leafy

vegetables like amaranthus spinach corriander and medicinal plants like tulsi

in our home That makes us productive during lockdown and we can avail fresh

healthy vegetables anytime For the farming community out there Corona

certainly brought a loss to you but it also showed you the practical implications

of integrated farming system(IFS) To all the respected farmers its not late you

can go for IFS now too

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-55

How IFS will help

You can switch from crop to crop as per the demand of society eg

during lockdown we found many farmers had to bear loss because of

huge production but less marketing of certain crops like watermelon

bananas In such crisis time we should go for some short time crops like

spinach amaranthus radish that will bring good income

Secondly diversification brings more sources of income like those who

just do paddy are at great loss than the

one who does mushroom as well

Mushroom is easily and fast grown

agricultural product

Thirdly for the farmwomen

be the true partner of your husband

in this crisis time Go for post

harvest management and processing

of excess produce and reap the

benefits eg banana chips tomato

ketchup sauce pickles etc

Hence corona outbreak and post

lockdown situation will be a beginning of a new era and all of us should be well

prepared for it Because struggling for existence is the bitter truth of nature Opt

for the right method to bring about right changes in the right time

Richa Mishra Msc (Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-56

Upasana Mohapatra

Though India is one of the fastest growing economies in the

world the challenges and the problems faced by Indian

economy lower its growth rateHuge dependence of

population on agriculture and low level of science and

technology are the major concerned areas for boosting the

economy growth rate Recent development in science and

technology can modernise the agriculture for improving the

crop productivity and also uplift the rate of industrial

production Biotechnology is the recent trend in science

and technology which can be used as the key to these

basic problems of agriculture its allied sectors and the industry as well

Biotechnology

Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and

technology According to US National Science Foundation - It is the controlled

use of biological agents such as microorganisms or cellular components for

beneficial useacute Thus biotechnology is an integrated application of knowledge

and technique to draw benefits from properties and capacities of

microorganisms and animals and plants

Biotechnology can be classified as

1) Red Biotechnology or Medical biotechnology- biotechnology used for

production of biopharmaceuticals like recombinant protein enzymes vaccines

and antibiotics

2) White biotechnology or Industrial biotechnology- biotechnology used for

industrial production

3) Green biotechnology or Agricultural biotechnology- biotechnology used

for crop improvement in agriculture

4) Blue biotechnology or Marine biotechnology- biotechnology used for

marine and aquatic applications

Biotechnology ndash A Way to uplift

Indian Economy

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-57

The development of these sectors of biotechnology can lead the way towards

improving economy

Biotechnology in Medical Science

The companies involved in medical biotechnology do

the work on protein purification molecular cloning

and expression of native and synthetic genes

They also offer polyclonal and monoclonal

antibody development and formulation of

certain types of vaccines The in-house

expertise in recombinant DNA technology and

development of cell lines for recombinant

product synthesis improve the production of

drugs and vaccines in medical science which in

succession push the Indian economy Some of

the companies in medical science are Shantha

Biotech Ranbaxy Laboratories and Dr Reddyrsquos

Laboratory (DRL)

Biotechnology in Industry

The bio-manufacturing strategies such as Fermentation technology can catalyse

the production of biopharmaceuticals alcohols foods biofertilizers and

biofuels The production of these products in industrial scale should be

supported through new policies for raising the Indian economy

Biotechnology in marine Science

The major focussed areas in marine science are semi intensive prawn culture

intensive carp culture feed and seed production disease diagnosis and vaccine

development bioactive compounds like biopigments from cyanobacteria

biotransformation of secondary metabolites and

bioprospectingmicrometabolites from marine organisms including

microorganisms see weeds extremophiles bioremediation The

commercialisation of the products and the process in marine biotechnology can

be an useful stategy for development of economic growth rate in India

Biotechnology in Agriculture

Biotechnology can drive the agriculture in a faster speed as it shortens

the breeding cycle of some crops helps in large-scale plant clonal propagation

produces genetically variable crops like virus-free plants disease resistant

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-58

plants herbicide resistant plants insect resistant plant regeneration of forests

(teak eucalyptus sandalwood tamarind rubber and oil palm commercial

production of secondary metabolites from the medicinal and aromatic plants

Also theseed companies like Mahyco Indo-American Hybrid Seed

expanding their RampD to cover biotechnology to develop their own transgenic

crops Some of smaller companies have started employing techniques such as

tissue culture for their breeding programmes for crop improvement

Biotechnology can be a cause in a second Green Revolution with

tremendous opportunities to ensure food security along with the economic well-

being of the farmer Approval of Bt Cotton cultivation in India helps in the

increament of cotton yield and increase the production of textile industry which

supports the Indian economy in great extent

Challenges of Biotechnology in India

If physics and chemistry drove the industrial transformations of the twentieth

century biology promises to generate ground breaking technological

applications in the present one which is the biotechnology Though India has a

separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) state universities research

institute to propagate research in transgenic plants and its cultivation in India

the bioethics and the environmental issues check the growth of biotechnology

and its further application in different sectors including Agriculture food

science marine science and industrial production The attitude toward

transgenics GMOs and the biotechnology should be changed before using this

technology in different sectors of India As a result there will be a harmony in

the utilisation of biotechnology and acceptance of its products in the society

which will lead to an accelerated development of Indian economy

PhD Scholar University of Agricultural

Sciences GKVK Bengaluru

Email id- upasanaprangya92gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-59

Integrated disease management

A boon to sustainable Agriculture

Integrated disease management (IDM) can be referred to

as the cumulative use of various plant disease control

methods like cultural mechanical biological host

resistance or genetic methods along with sparse use of

chemical pesticidesIt is an environment friendly approach

which takes into account the need-base use of chemical

pesticides rather than exploiting the nature with the

toxicity of the same The ultimate objective of IDM is to

bring down the pathogen population below the economic

threshold level

IDM is a wise integration of

- Cultural or mechanical control

- Biological control

- Host resistance

- Chemical control

Cultural Control

It is the most feasible method of control as it can be easily accessible to any

common man Cultural or mechanical method of control takes into account

manipulation and management of environment condition making it unsuitable

for the pathogen to grow and perpetuate on the host plant It includes methods

like crop rotation field sanitation proper irrigation aeration of soil optimum

spacing manipulation of sowing and harvesting dates etc

Biological Control

It refers to use of living organisms to reduce the inoculum density or disease-

causing activities of the pathogensparasites

Host-resistance

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-60

It refers to the cultivation of resistant cultivars to combat disease incidences It

is the inherent character of the plant which has certainly no side effects on the

environment

Chemical control

In IDM chemical control is meant to be the least used method so as to reduce

the adverse impact on the environment It involves need base and seldom use of

chemical pesticides

IDM in India

India having an agrarian economy agriculture acts as the primary source of

living for about 60 of the countryrsquos population Crop loss due to diseases can

go upto 40-50 which is a huge pie of the cake In the era of the

modernization incurring adverse effect on the environment it is the need of the

time to protect our mother nature Minimal use of chemical and exploitation of

the other methods which are environment friendly is the key to survival But the

success of IDM implementation is based on the socio-economic and educational

status of the farmers of the country Proper utilization of the IDM strategy

requires a pre-requisite knowledge on the methods and their implications Lack

of awareness and knowledge on this aspect makes IDM less popular and the

farmers continue to use the conventional plant protection methods with

extensive use of chemical

Future prospects

Plant health clinics should be popularized in order to counselthe farmers and the

commoners regarding the knows and hows of IDM IDM can lead us towards a

more sustainable and stable form of agriculture if practiced appropriately

Sushree Suparna Mahapatra Department of

Plant Pathology

Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology

Gmail - mahapatrasushree9gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-61

Agriculture being the sole

supplier of human food is the largest

industry and major land use sector on

the globe Indian agriculture became self sustainable after the era of green

revolution during 1960s In the recent data proposed by the ldquoMinistry of

Agriculture and Farmers Welfarerdquo the agricultural production is around 59569

MT in 2018-19 cropping year The youth dominated country India can achieve

the remarkable production due to emerging entrepreneurial activities in

agriindustry The farmers field is not consider as the producer of food but as a

source of income for the farmer Indiarsquos economy is principally dominated by

agriculture with more than 60 population depending on it for their livelyhood

Agriculture entrepreneurship or agri-preneurship is a concept of latest origin It

is the entrepreneurial process taken up in agriculture or the allied sectors

Agriculture frames the foundation of the countrys economy It is a process of

adopting the new methods processes techniques in agriculture or allied sectors

of agriculture for better output and economic earnings

Agricutural Entrepreneurship

Opportunities and Challenges

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-62

Need of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Over the period of time from independence till date the GDP contribution

declines from 519 in 1950-51 to 1587 in 2018-19 With repect to the

agricultural production India stands second but as far as the export is concerned

the rank is 14th in the world It was also observed that our countriersquos average

production per hectare is only half of the worldrsquos average Various other areas

viz local availability of agri and horticultural produces lesser investment to

start small scale industries government sponsorship and encouragements

employment oppertunities and check migration of rural youth to urban areas

etc provides a vast scope for agricultural entreprenureship Hence from the

above facts and figures it can be concluded that there is a clear need for

agriprenureship development in this sectors for strengthening the demanad and

production gap infrastructure development supporting faster agricultural

development promoting value addition and preservation creating employment

doubling farmers income and minimizing the challenges faced due to economic

leberalization and globalization etc

Oppertunities for Agricultural Entrepreneurship

There is a popular saying

ldquoThe thing not found in India

can never be found in the universerdquo

(Jaha Nahi Bharate Taha nahi Jagate)

It means India is the rich source of all the amenities and services With

the proper utilization farmer can able to produce the food grains There are

various critical areas in agriculture sector from the farmer to the food till reach

in consumerrsquos plate like input stage farming stage value chain output

processing marketing and various related services India is blessed with varied

agroclimatic diversity and can produce a wide range of produce Presently the

scope and oppertunity of agripreneural activity is increasing as a result of

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-63

globalization and more interconnected world market Few of the agripreneural

activities are discussed below

(i) Input Sector-

The agricultural processes needs a wide range of inputs like seeds

fertilizers pesticides innovative localized and cost effective tools and

techniques There are very promising way forward in sectors like biofertilizers

biopesticides vermicomposting soil amending and testing and R and D in seed

production

(ii) Farming Sector-

The important advisory and recently developed technology and materials

(variety implements fertilizers etc) can be used to enhance the production

Various farming enterprises viz horticultural enterprise organic farming

poultry farming mushroom cultivation Hi-tech farming green house

cultivation vertical faming etc could be a new venture to gain momentum in

agripreneurship

(iii) Value Chain-

Supply chain is the vital platform to help farmers in supplying the

produce from the field to plate Hence intermediaries online web portals e-

marketing can be a good area to look at an entrepreneur

(iv) Processing Sector-

Approximately 30 of the produce produced are lost in the agricultural

sector which can be reduced if properly proceesd and preserved hence this

sector needs entrepreneurial intervention

(v) Marketing Sector-

The highly perishable agricultural commodities needs a very well

organised marketing frame work in the country and outside hence the

agripreneurs must have a eye on this

(vi) Agricultural Services Sector-

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-64

The various farm servises like availability of labour cropping

information weather forecasting insect pest and disease monitoring are very

much essential servises and should be deseminated in proper time hence have a

good scope for agri-entreprenures

Though huge potential for agripreneurship some important challenge

obstruct the path which needs timely and critically varification and correction

Challenges of Aricultural Entrepreneurship

The major challenges are inadequate infrastructure lack of

entrepreneurial culture migration of the rural farmer and skilled labourer to

urban areas poor technological and equipmental intervention inadiquate and

improper supply of inputs problem in marketing of the agricultural produce

produced uneven demand interventions of middle man inadiquate institutional

measures and government policies fragmented land holdings deteriorating

natural resourses and the natural calamities pose a serious hindrance on

agripreneurial activities The entrepreneur should mentally stable enough to

countercat those to achive the most

Conclusion

It is very much clear from the foregoing discussion that the agricultural

entrepreneurship have a wide potential for the upcoming entrepreneurs

However the constraints and challenges should be considered before jumping to

the agriprenurial activity as stated in a old saying

ldquoDo farming to get 100 profit

or do it for atleast 10 investmentrdquo

So at the end it can be concluded that the profit and sustanability both

should be the outlook for an agrientreprenure

Subhrajyoti Mishra PhD Research Scholar Department of Horticultuee

College of Horticulture JAU Junagadh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-65

Ordinance on Contract farming

Odisha Governmentrsquos vision for

Expansion amp Intensification

Odisha is an agricultural state with about 74 of its rural

workforce relying upon agriculture with a marginal small

land holding also out of which more than 50 are below

poverty line This fragmented land holdings have become the major barrier

before the farmers to expand their farming activities of investments as well as

technological advancements Even many of them are devoid of the lift-irrigation

facility under water stress conditions The government intervention with

measures like MSP Subsidy and loan waivers have only managed to save the

farmers from economic crisis but there is very few measures taken so far like

formation of FPOs and cooperative farming which would have increased the

farmerrsquos capacity productivity and economic status practically

In view to this capacity amp productivity expansion government of Odisha

recently promulgated an Ordinance on Contract farming Where it has made

legal provisions for corporate interventions in agricultural sector of Odisha

through contract farming which means the corporates can take on the lands on

lease or make contracts for the large scale specialized farming The government

has clarified this decision as being made to bring the fragmented land under one

management to optimize resource productivity amp also to encourage agricultural

exports of the state Though the government made mandates to safe guard the

farmersrsquo right on land as well as restricting the sponsor not to realize the

advances given to farmers by sales or mortgage of lands but only against the

produced commodity

The formulated laws amp amendments being structured and written so-well need

to be implemented as-well The ordinance any-how brings opportunity for the

state amp corporates it must take our farmers beside giving them a part in the

whole production process with a good extra-income rather than treating them

only as land owners

Jagadananda Pradhan

Editorial member Shyamala Subarna

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The present day Agriculture scenario of India urges upon us to

bring a paradigm shift in the conventional Agriculture production

systems There should be a comprehensive approach in

reframing the present Agricultural structure thus including all

latest aspects of crop production and protection emphasizing on

zero budget natural farming by introduction of biofertilizers and

biopesticides can be the holistic alternative to todays high cost

chemical input based agriculture- which in my opinion is the

current need of the hour

Epsita swain Technical officer (Plant Pathology)

Dir Plant Protection Quarantine amp Storage GOI

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To ensure safe affordable amp enough food and overcome

farmersrsquo challenges around low productivity amp income it is

critical to transform Indian agriculture One of the key

priorities of the government is doubling farmersrsquo

incomesSuccess will depend on how farmers are

aggregated for production and marketing promotion of

contract farming cluster farming farmer producer

organizations and self-help groupsIndia needs a five-point

program that addresses agrarian challenges and brings

together various ongoing programs under one umbrella

Soumya sthitapragyanphd scholar ouat

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gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-41

Agriculture Education

I myself had been

born and grown in

an urban area and

my first contact

with farming was

at university level during graduation

I was really surprised one day when

one of my close relative said that he

is unaware of the

agricultural course

that I was doing I

strongly believe that there is lack of

knowledge about the career

opportunities in agriculture sector

among the parents as well as the

students which results in choose of

engineering or medical courses

Many people think that farmers raise

crops and livestock to feed their own

families but they donrsquot realize that

because of these farmers only we are

eating thrice a day even during

locked down period However farms

today are specialized they do not

look like those in childrenrsquos books

Farming became hi-tech Most of the

farmers started using iPads laptops

drones and many more Some of

them have higher education like

diploma or Bachelorrsquos degree or

training certificate It is challenging

for any agricultural professor to

have a debate with an experienced

farmer

With a rapidly increasing

population and a demand to feed 96

billion people by the year 2050 the

world needs passionate youth who

are willing to make a commitment in

farming Therefore there is a need

toinspire young people by

showcasing stories about

peopleincluding some of the

software employees who have

successfully

launched

agribusiness start-

ups We saw many messages from

aspiring youth entrepreneurs who

are succeeded in agriculture

industries

Agricultural education program

must be established in urban schools

which could play a crucial role in

increasing the involvement of

students from high school level in

farming Innovative agriculture

projects assignments to be given for

the school students this leads to

develop agriculturally

knowledgeable students who can

succeed during their higher

education research

Mr N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Assistant Professor

Genetics and Plant Breeding

Centurion University

Paralakhemundi

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-42

Croprsquos

Paradise

Monsoon

Pujyasmita Nayak

Monsoon

is the seasonal

reversing wind

accompanied by

corresponding

changes in atmospheric circulation

and precipitation associated with the

asymmetric heating of land and sea

Monsoon signifies the directional

shifting of winds from one to other

season They flow from sea to land

during summer and from land to sea

during winter Monsoons are

seasonal winds which reverse their

direction with the change of season

India receives Southwest monsoon

winds in summer and northeast

monsoon in winter About 54 of

worldrsquos population depends on

monsoon rain for their crop

Usually Indian

meteorological Department (IMD)

releases long range or seasonal

forecast for Southwest monsoon in

two stage process 1st forecast is in

middle of April and 2nd

is issued in

1st week of June

In this

difficult time

of corona

pandemic

situation the only good

news about the Indian monsoon is

this year will have a normal

monsoon Quantitatively the

monsoon rainfall in 2020 is expected

to be 100 of its long period

Average (LPA) with a model error

of +_ 5 Usually we tell it normal

when probability of rainfall LPA is

between 96-104 This LPA is

calculated based on the average

rainfall over years 1961 to 2000 in

country as a whole According to

LPA Indiarsquos seasonal rain fall is

88cm and this year the forecast

probability is 41 So there is a high

probability of monsoon is likely to

be normal The above normal it is

104-110 of LPA with forecast

probability is 21 for excess gt110

LPA with forecast probability is 9

below normal 92-96 LPA with

forecast probability is 20 and

deficient rain with forecast

probability is 9 which will have

large adverse affect on agriculture

and allied sectors

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-43

As we are aware that IMD use

both statistical and dynamical model

for preparing monsoon forecast The

sufficient forecast is however based

on statistical model and dynamical

model prediction gave a very high

probability for monsoon to be above

normal to excess and almost 70

probability of monsoon rainfall ie

gt104 The main reason of showing

more probability of dynamical

model is due to the model is

predicting a kind of evolution to La

Nina phase in the eastern parts of

Pacific Ocean IMD continuously

monitoring the position of EL Nino

or southern oscillation because

ENSO EL Nino La Nina condition

have a direct impact on monsoon

rainfall of India

From other models it is

concluded that ENSO is in a neutral

phase between EL Nino and

southern oscillation however by the

end of 2nd

half of monsoon season is

likely to be possibility of La Nina

phase As per information of normal

monsoon it will be helpful for

agriculture sector for better crop

yield and also economic growth of

our country It is expected to be

monsoon rainfall of India for 2020 is

102 in between June to September

North India is likely to receive

above normal rainfall

Monsoon onset for Kerala is

declared in 1st June Monsoon is a

part of south west wind and itrsquos an

important factor for declaration of

Southwest monsoon According to

criteria of IMD Southwest wind

should be strong at west of Kerala

and south Arabian sea ie at least

15-20 nuts and the vertical depth

should be 4-5km which is satisfied

the current year of arrived monsoon

in 1st June Radar system in coast is

useful that the winds recorded from

radar is the prevailing strong south

westerly wind and the detected

convective clouds from satellite is

persistent over south east Arabian

seas and Kerala coast Due to this

rainfall recorded in Kerala is

widespread in 30th

and 31st of may

and more than 80 of reported

rainfall gt25mm As per the record

of heavy to heavy rainfall in Kerala

in a day especially in Kozhikode

district 9cm And Trivandrum 6cm of

rainfall

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-44

Arriving of monsoon is in Assam

AP and KN in India is 5th of June

Odisha West bengal Maharashtra

Telangana in 10th June

Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Bihar in

15th June Gujarat Western part of

UP and MP UK in 20th

June

Himachal pradesh Jammu

ampKashmir in 25th June Punjab

Haryana Rajasthan in 30th

June

This year monsoon is

started in the time when the country

is affected by the novel corona virus

According to scientists monsoon

rainfall cannot able to minimize the

spreading of virus and due to low

humidity there is a possibility of

wide spread

And only piece of good news for the

Indian economy which is battling

the COVID-19 and its aftereffects of

gloomy scenario India is likely to

have a normal monsoon this year It

is crucial to rice wheat sugarcane

and oilseeds cultivation in the

country where farming accounts for

about 15 per cent of the economy

and employs over half of its people

However over extreme northwest

India the monsoon arrives now little

earlier on July 8 compared to the

existing date of July 15

For Kharif Crop Outlook

from Monsoon update

farmers are expecting

sowing of the Kharif

commodities to be

higher than the previous

year Sentimentally this

forecast is expected to bring

bearish trend in the prices of

the Kharif commodities such as

Soybean Cotton Castor Seed and

Turmeric Mentha Oil and

Cardamom could also witness

pressure in the coming weeks as

well with positive monsoon reportsrdquo

Msc(Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-45

The term ldquoterrace gardenrdquo

can refer to a garden

which is established on a

terrace roof or patio

usually in a house where

there is limited gardening

space These types of

gardens are especially popular in urban areas and they are sometimes used

in restaurants and other establishments as well Availability of space is an

important consideration for terrace farming It must be ensured that the

terrace receives ample sunlight If there are areas where the sun is too harsh

you can cover them with a shade or opt-out of placing your plants there

Baskets growbags or even an artificial lawn can be used on the surface of the

terrace If you are looking for an economical terrace garden growbags are a

better option but make sure that the bottom of these bags is waterproofed to

avoid any leakage into the home Some vegetables that can be grown easily are

beans tomatoes chillies herbs leafy vegetables and brinjals If larger space is

available you could try climbers and root vegetables

If the terrace is strong with ample space then different fruit-bearing trees can be

cultivated by carrying out efficient training and prunning but always opt for

indigenous seeds when doing so lsquoDesirsquo seeds can withstand any climatic

Terrace Gardening

A Step towards

sustainalble life

Miss Pragnya Paramita

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-46

condition and give you a better harvest Moreover they are easily available in

the market

Making your own soil is crucial for terrace gardening This mix should ideally

consist of regular soil compost coir peatsand and

vermicompost in equal quantities Its

important to add the mix to the soil weekly

because the nutrients have a tendency of

washing away during watering and also

rain Eventually you can create your

own compost and even make fertilisers

and pesticides from the gardenrsquos

vegetable and fruit waste Watering

plants twice a day keeps them

hydrated especially during the

summers

Patience is Key Experts have repeatedly said that patience is keyTerrace gardening is no rocket

science itrsquos all about the effort and the care you put into your cultivation For

first-time gardeners it may be very difficult to go through the initial period of

waiting Therersquos a high tendency to give up but the joy of eating a homegrown

vegetable or fruit is something else If much time and effort is put into the

garden then you will get more than what you asked for

Sourcing your soil seeds and other material from local farmers can really bring

down your expenses With an initial investment of Rs 3000 anyone can set up

their terrace garden Most of the things required can be sourced easily from

nurseries and other organic farms at economical prices

All such factors make terrace farming a small but powerful tool towards

cultivating a sustainable lifestyle It will make us more close to the nature and

help us tackle any scarcity situations in the future It will also serve as an

efficient means of providing the younger generations with a broadened outlook

towards where their food comes from

Feature Head (Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-47

DrSahadevarsquos expertise is in crop

husbandry watershed management

plant protection and horticulture He has

nearly 30 years experience in teaching

research consultancy and the provision

of agricultural extension servicesHe has

worked at the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Department of Agriculture Cooperation

amp Farmers Welfare Ministry of

Agriculture and the Planning

Commission of India DrSahadeva was

the Director (Academic) at the School of

Agricultural Sciences Jaipur National

University in Rajasthan He has earned a

PhD and MSc in agronomy from the

prestigious Indian Agricultural Research

Institute (IARI) and BSc (Agriculture

and Animal Husbandry) from CS Azad

University of Agriculture amp Technology

Agriculture is the main stay of Indian economy and various initiatives are

being taken up in order to bring about a country wide revolution in it Though

a lot of money gets sanctioned to the agriculture sector in every budget and

numerous beneficial schemes are

cooked for alleviating the

farmersrsquo condition but still

everyday in newspapers in

media we come across the

plight of farmers and how mass

migration from villages to cities

is taking place at a faster rate

Majority of people donrsquot want to

take up farming as a

profession Even a farmer

himself prefers his own progeny

to be a job holder rather than a

farmer So in order to shade

some light on these situations

we interviewed Dr Sahadeva

Singh Associate dean School

of Agricultural Sciences G D

Goenka University New Delhi

ldquoStreamlined linkage between

all the sphere of agriculture

and the farmer is the need of

the hourrdquo

- Dr Sahadeva Singh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-48

Special Interview

SHYAMALA

SUBARNA

Q How far the initiatives taken up by the Government of India have

proved beneficial for the farmers of our country

AThe government has been quite proactive to provide help to the farmers by

way of capital subsidy quality inputs and technical support Implementation of

several schemes such as RKVY NHM etc are being done for their betterment

Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi initiative farmers will get up to

6000 rupees per year as minimum income support deposited in their accounts

directly ICAR State Agriculture Universities Krishi Vikash Kendras National

Seed Corporations and various other government institutions are working for

improvement of the agriculture sector

Q So why do you think that the

farmers of our country are still

backward and unable to reap the

benefits What strategies are we lacking

in

The missing link has been the inability to create a proper streamlined linkage

between the government research extension industry and farmer ICAR which

is the apex body for agricultural research has no legislative powers which it

from making laws when needed Only 5 of the total agricultural budget is

allotted to ICAR of carrying out numerous functions So proper extension

machinery couldnrsquot be enforced and farmers get backward in application of

improved technicalities Also proper marketing structure and abolition of

middlemen for increasing farmerrsquos profit couldnrsquot be done till now

Q What strategies should be implemented in order to bring about the

efficient utilisation of resources for agriculture

Establishment of a central agriculture service can provide an effective linkage

between the farmer and the technical institutions as well the government

Shifting of agriculture from the state list to the concurrent list and providing

ICAR with legislative powers and more funding will help in smooth

implementation of research in the farmersrsquo field The strengthening of the

extension machinery and more demand based research will help to bring about

major beneficial changes The small and the marginal farmers should be able to

club their lands legally cultivate on it and divide the income according to their

percent share in the land Reorganisation of the entire setup of agriculture

marketing decreasing the interference of middle men traceability of the

farmersrsquo produce by the customers and capability of the farmer to establish his

own outlets are some important solutions

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-49

Q How can the youth of our country be made more involved in agriculture

and be able to take up farming as a profession

They can be sensitize about the importance of agriculture from a younger age

by including agriculture in the course syllabus Professional courses such as

medical ayurveda food processing should have at least one course of

agriculture from the view of food quality nutrition and medicinal value

Agriculture graduates

should be provided

with industrial

attachment which

improves their skill

and employability

Their innovations

and start-ups should

be funded and they

should be provided

subsidies if they take

up farming as a

profession

Vocational training

for dropout graduates will also be helpful for increasing resource personnel

Q Lastly Sir what do you feel our magazine Shymala Subarna can do

more to be beneficial to the farming society

Shymala Subarna is doing outstanding work and what is more amazing about it

is that it is a student initiative which has been able to create a space for itself

Itrsquos work was praised by the agricultural community and deserves to be

rewarded I wish it keeps on growing and keeping the same standard for years to

come

Interview taken by ndash

Miss Pragnya Paramita Feature Head

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-50

Rishikesh Sahoo

Secondary agriculture assumes

prominence with the announcement

of the goal of doubling farmersrsquo

incomesThe term lsquosecondaryrsquo has a

bearing on climate change

adaptation and its mitigation small

farm viability and profitability food

security nutrition sustainable utilisation

of natural resources and optimal usage of produce from primary

agriculture and farm incomesIn other words promoting secondary

agriculture has implications on attaining sustainable development goals

which aim to connect primary secondary and tertiary sectors by using idle

factors of production such as land and labourmdashcontributing to primary

agriculture production capturing lsquovaluersquo in primary agricultural activities

and generating additional income at the enterprise level

Secondary agriculture is a production activity at enterprise or farm level and it

devised a four-fold strategyIt has drawn attention of development

professionals agribusiness academics and experts and policymaking bodies

Secondary agriculture as is defined can help drive the growth of primary

agriculture and three avenues have been identified that adequately help utilise

capital human resources technology organisational capabilities and risk

management

Secondary

Agriculture

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-51

Type A Value-addition to primary agriculture production systems-

Itcan be achieved by improving livelihood enhancement action plans that are

implemented by community-based organisations Linking farmers with the

market through aggregation andgrading of agricultural produce can help them in

value enhancement and appropriation Collectivisations cluster farming

financial literacy marketing skills are important to build this avenue

Type B Alternative enterprises but linked to rural off-farm activities-

Itrsquos based on utilisation of alternative enterprises to primary agriculture but is

associated with rural off-farm activities like poultry bee-keeping duck farming

and livestock management are off-farm enterprises that can be promoted as part

of integrated farming system Integrated farming can hedge farm risk in the

period of crop failure and even ease out the seasonality in the stream of cash

flows

Type C Enterprises that thrive on crop residues and waste materials of

primary agriculture-

These are such enterprises that strive on crop residues or by-products of

primary agriculture For example after recovering sugar from cane cane can be

used as bagasse for molasses production Similarly cotton stalk and seed (after

ginning) can be used for de-oiled cake preparation or utilised in the secondary

and tertiary sector

To promote agricultural entrepreneurship or agricultural enterprises there is

recognition of priority sector status for institutional credit low-cost skilling and

knowledge-based exposure of farm communities specialised extension services

for enterprises owned by females priority under rural electrification objectives

fast-track procedures to avail benefits under the ongoing central sector schemes

and label geographical indicators to products of village-scale secondary

agricultureAgribusiness incubation and acceleration if made marketable can

benefit farm communities and appropriate market linkages can improve

farmersrsquo realisations through collectivisation However a concerted effort at

both policy and implementation levels at the Centre and states is necessary to

attain this goal

Btech Agriculture (4th

year)

CUTM Gajapati Odisha

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-52

Sericulture is an agro-based industry It involves rearing of silkworms for

the production of raw silk which is the yarn obtained out of cocoons spun

by certain species of insects

Cultivation to feed the silkworms that spin silk cocoons and reeling the cocoons

to unwind the silk filament for value added advantages like process and

weaving are the major activities of sericulture Silk has been blended with the

life and culture of the Indians India is the second largest producer of silk within

the globe Among the four kinds of silk created in 2015-16 Mulberry accounts

for 718 (20434 MT) Tasar 99 (2818 MT) Eri 178 (5054 MT) and

Muga 06 (166 MT) of the total raw silk production of 28472 MTMulberry

sericulture is principally practised in 5 states ie Karnataka Andhra Pradesh

Assam and Bodoland West Bengal Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are major silk

producing states in the country North East has the distinctive distinction of

being the sole region manufacturing four kinds of silk like Mulberry Oak Tasar

Muga and Eri Overall NE region contributes eighteen of Indias total silk

production

ADVANTAGES

High employment potential60 lakh persons are engaged in various

sericulture activities in the countryItIt is calculable that Sericulture can

generate employment 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in

Sericulture ndash An

Introduction

Soumya Sthitapragnya

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-53

on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout the year This potential ispar-

excellence and no other business generates this type of employment

especially in rural areas hence sericulture is used as a tool for rural

reconstruction

Eco-friendly ActivityAs a perennial crop with good foliage and root-

spread mulberry contributes to conservation and provides green

coverWaste from silkworm rearing will be recycled as inputs to

gardenDried mulberry twigs and branches are used as fuel in place of

firewood and therefore reduce the pressure on

vegetationforestBeingBeing a labour intensive and predominantly agro-

based activity involvement of smoke-emitting machinery is

minimalDevelopmental programmes initiated for mulberry plantation are

mainly in upland areas where un-used cultivable land is made

productiveIntercropping can also be done with numerous

plantationsBeing a deep-rooted perennial plant it can be raised in vacant

lands hill slopes and watershed areasCurrently only concerning 01

of the cultivable land in the country is beneath mulberry cultivation

Women friendly Occupation Women constitutes over hour of those

employed in down-stream activities of sericulture in the country This is

the result of sericulture activities ranging from mulberry garden

management leaf harvesting and silkworm rearing is more effectively

taken up by the women folks Even silk reeling business together with

weaving is largely supported by them

Low Gestation High Returns Estimated investments of Rs12000 to

15000 (excluding cost of land and rearing space) is adequate for

undertaking mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing in one acre of

irrigated landIt takes only six months for mulberry to grow for

commencement of silkworm rearing Once planted it will go on

supporting silkworm rearing year after year for 15-20 years depending on

inputs and management providedFive crops can be taken in one year

under tropical conditionsBy adopting stipulated package of practices a

farmer can attain net income levels up to Rs30000 per acre per annum

PhD scholar Entomology OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-54

Post Corona Era ndash

Sustainability the only

way out

The COVID-19 pandemic and

the global economic crisis has

brought some new ideas

ideologies and habits into the

limelight Is everything going to

be normal after lockdown No

never It will take 4-5 quarters to

normalise the financial situation So now the

question arises how to combat with it Yes certainly

there are ways After all need is the mother of invention Hence in this time of

need we all have to work towards betterment of the earth This lockdown has

certainly taught everyone that health is the most important thing and food and

agricultural products are the most essential items As ministry of AYUSH

suggested to take some ayurvedic products eg tulsi(basil) leaves black pepper

synthi pipali to fight against corona by increasing immunity it shows how

medicinal plants are important to us The kind of misery people faced to have

vegetables showed us the importance of kitchen garden Yeah all of us can

have our kitchen garden window garden Terrace garden or vertical garden

notonly for decoration butalso for our own consumption This outbreak makes

us alarmed to go for gardening in a small area for our own We can grow leafy

vegetables like amaranthus spinach corriander and medicinal plants like tulsi

in our home That makes us productive during lockdown and we can avail fresh

healthy vegetables anytime For the farming community out there Corona

certainly brought a loss to you but it also showed you the practical implications

of integrated farming system(IFS) To all the respected farmers its not late you

can go for IFS now too

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-55

How IFS will help

You can switch from crop to crop as per the demand of society eg

during lockdown we found many farmers had to bear loss because of

huge production but less marketing of certain crops like watermelon

bananas In such crisis time we should go for some short time crops like

spinach amaranthus radish that will bring good income

Secondly diversification brings more sources of income like those who

just do paddy are at great loss than the

one who does mushroom as well

Mushroom is easily and fast grown

agricultural product

Thirdly for the farmwomen

be the true partner of your husband

in this crisis time Go for post

harvest management and processing

of excess produce and reap the

benefits eg banana chips tomato

ketchup sauce pickles etc

Hence corona outbreak and post

lockdown situation will be a beginning of a new era and all of us should be well

prepared for it Because struggling for existence is the bitter truth of nature Opt

for the right method to bring about right changes in the right time

Richa Mishra Msc (Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-56

Upasana Mohapatra

Though India is one of the fastest growing economies in the

world the challenges and the problems faced by Indian

economy lower its growth rateHuge dependence of

population on agriculture and low level of science and

technology are the major concerned areas for boosting the

economy growth rate Recent development in science and

technology can modernise the agriculture for improving the

crop productivity and also uplift the rate of industrial

production Biotechnology is the recent trend in science

and technology which can be used as the key to these

basic problems of agriculture its allied sectors and the industry as well

Biotechnology

Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and

technology According to US National Science Foundation - It is the controlled

use of biological agents such as microorganisms or cellular components for

beneficial useacute Thus biotechnology is an integrated application of knowledge

and technique to draw benefits from properties and capacities of

microorganisms and animals and plants

Biotechnology can be classified as

1) Red Biotechnology or Medical biotechnology- biotechnology used for

production of biopharmaceuticals like recombinant protein enzymes vaccines

and antibiotics

2) White biotechnology or Industrial biotechnology- biotechnology used for

industrial production

3) Green biotechnology or Agricultural biotechnology- biotechnology used

for crop improvement in agriculture

4) Blue biotechnology or Marine biotechnology- biotechnology used for

marine and aquatic applications

Biotechnology ndash A Way to uplift

Indian Economy

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-57

The development of these sectors of biotechnology can lead the way towards

improving economy

Biotechnology in Medical Science

The companies involved in medical biotechnology do

the work on protein purification molecular cloning

and expression of native and synthetic genes

They also offer polyclonal and monoclonal

antibody development and formulation of

certain types of vaccines The in-house

expertise in recombinant DNA technology and

development of cell lines for recombinant

product synthesis improve the production of

drugs and vaccines in medical science which in

succession push the Indian economy Some of

the companies in medical science are Shantha

Biotech Ranbaxy Laboratories and Dr Reddyrsquos

Laboratory (DRL)

Biotechnology in Industry

The bio-manufacturing strategies such as Fermentation technology can catalyse

the production of biopharmaceuticals alcohols foods biofertilizers and

biofuels The production of these products in industrial scale should be

supported through new policies for raising the Indian economy

Biotechnology in marine Science

The major focussed areas in marine science are semi intensive prawn culture

intensive carp culture feed and seed production disease diagnosis and vaccine

development bioactive compounds like biopigments from cyanobacteria

biotransformation of secondary metabolites and

bioprospectingmicrometabolites from marine organisms including

microorganisms see weeds extremophiles bioremediation The

commercialisation of the products and the process in marine biotechnology can

be an useful stategy for development of economic growth rate in India

Biotechnology in Agriculture

Biotechnology can drive the agriculture in a faster speed as it shortens

the breeding cycle of some crops helps in large-scale plant clonal propagation

produces genetically variable crops like virus-free plants disease resistant

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-58

plants herbicide resistant plants insect resistant plant regeneration of forests

(teak eucalyptus sandalwood tamarind rubber and oil palm commercial

production of secondary metabolites from the medicinal and aromatic plants

Also theseed companies like Mahyco Indo-American Hybrid Seed

expanding their RampD to cover biotechnology to develop their own transgenic

crops Some of smaller companies have started employing techniques such as

tissue culture for their breeding programmes for crop improvement

Biotechnology can be a cause in a second Green Revolution with

tremendous opportunities to ensure food security along with the economic well-

being of the farmer Approval of Bt Cotton cultivation in India helps in the

increament of cotton yield and increase the production of textile industry which

supports the Indian economy in great extent

Challenges of Biotechnology in India

If physics and chemistry drove the industrial transformations of the twentieth

century biology promises to generate ground breaking technological

applications in the present one which is the biotechnology Though India has a

separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) state universities research

institute to propagate research in transgenic plants and its cultivation in India

the bioethics and the environmental issues check the growth of biotechnology

and its further application in different sectors including Agriculture food

science marine science and industrial production The attitude toward

transgenics GMOs and the biotechnology should be changed before using this

technology in different sectors of India As a result there will be a harmony in

the utilisation of biotechnology and acceptance of its products in the society

which will lead to an accelerated development of Indian economy

PhD Scholar University of Agricultural

Sciences GKVK Bengaluru

Email id- upasanaprangya92gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-59

Integrated disease management

A boon to sustainable Agriculture

Integrated disease management (IDM) can be referred to

as the cumulative use of various plant disease control

methods like cultural mechanical biological host

resistance or genetic methods along with sparse use of

chemical pesticidesIt is an environment friendly approach

which takes into account the need-base use of chemical

pesticides rather than exploiting the nature with the

toxicity of the same The ultimate objective of IDM is to

bring down the pathogen population below the economic

threshold level

IDM is a wise integration of

- Cultural or mechanical control

- Biological control

- Host resistance

- Chemical control

Cultural Control

It is the most feasible method of control as it can be easily accessible to any

common man Cultural or mechanical method of control takes into account

manipulation and management of environment condition making it unsuitable

for the pathogen to grow and perpetuate on the host plant It includes methods

like crop rotation field sanitation proper irrigation aeration of soil optimum

spacing manipulation of sowing and harvesting dates etc

Biological Control

It refers to use of living organisms to reduce the inoculum density or disease-

causing activities of the pathogensparasites

Host-resistance

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-60

It refers to the cultivation of resistant cultivars to combat disease incidences It

is the inherent character of the plant which has certainly no side effects on the

environment

Chemical control

In IDM chemical control is meant to be the least used method so as to reduce

the adverse impact on the environment It involves need base and seldom use of

chemical pesticides

IDM in India

India having an agrarian economy agriculture acts as the primary source of

living for about 60 of the countryrsquos population Crop loss due to diseases can

go upto 40-50 which is a huge pie of the cake In the era of the

modernization incurring adverse effect on the environment it is the need of the

time to protect our mother nature Minimal use of chemical and exploitation of

the other methods which are environment friendly is the key to survival But the

success of IDM implementation is based on the socio-economic and educational

status of the farmers of the country Proper utilization of the IDM strategy

requires a pre-requisite knowledge on the methods and their implications Lack

of awareness and knowledge on this aspect makes IDM less popular and the

farmers continue to use the conventional plant protection methods with

extensive use of chemical

Future prospects

Plant health clinics should be popularized in order to counselthe farmers and the

commoners regarding the knows and hows of IDM IDM can lead us towards a

more sustainable and stable form of agriculture if practiced appropriately

Sushree Suparna Mahapatra Department of

Plant Pathology

Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology

Gmail - mahapatrasushree9gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-61

Agriculture being the sole

supplier of human food is the largest

industry and major land use sector on

the globe Indian agriculture became self sustainable after the era of green

revolution during 1960s In the recent data proposed by the ldquoMinistry of

Agriculture and Farmers Welfarerdquo the agricultural production is around 59569

MT in 2018-19 cropping year The youth dominated country India can achieve

the remarkable production due to emerging entrepreneurial activities in

agriindustry The farmers field is not consider as the producer of food but as a

source of income for the farmer Indiarsquos economy is principally dominated by

agriculture with more than 60 population depending on it for their livelyhood

Agriculture entrepreneurship or agri-preneurship is a concept of latest origin It

is the entrepreneurial process taken up in agriculture or the allied sectors

Agriculture frames the foundation of the countrys economy It is a process of

adopting the new methods processes techniques in agriculture or allied sectors

of agriculture for better output and economic earnings

Agricutural Entrepreneurship

Opportunities and Challenges

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-62

Need of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Over the period of time from independence till date the GDP contribution

declines from 519 in 1950-51 to 1587 in 2018-19 With repect to the

agricultural production India stands second but as far as the export is concerned

the rank is 14th in the world It was also observed that our countriersquos average

production per hectare is only half of the worldrsquos average Various other areas

viz local availability of agri and horticultural produces lesser investment to

start small scale industries government sponsorship and encouragements

employment oppertunities and check migration of rural youth to urban areas

etc provides a vast scope for agricultural entreprenureship Hence from the

above facts and figures it can be concluded that there is a clear need for

agriprenureship development in this sectors for strengthening the demanad and

production gap infrastructure development supporting faster agricultural

development promoting value addition and preservation creating employment

doubling farmers income and minimizing the challenges faced due to economic

leberalization and globalization etc

Oppertunities for Agricultural Entrepreneurship

There is a popular saying

ldquoThe thing not found in India

can never be found in the universerdquo

(Jaha Nahi Bharate Taha nahi Jagate)

It means India is the rich source of all the amenities and services With

the proper utilization farmer can able to produce the food grains There are

various critical areas in agriculture sector from the farmer to the food till reach

in consumerrsquos plate like input stage farming stage value chain output

processing marketing and various related services India is blessed with varied

agroclimatic diversity and can produce a wide range of produce Presently the

scope and oppertunity of agripreneural activity is increasing as a result of

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-63

globalization and more interconnected world market Few of the agripreneural

activities are discussed below

(i) Input Sector-

The agricultural processes needs a wide range of inputs like seeds

fertilizers pesticides innovative localized and cost effective tools and

techniques There are very promising way forward in sectors like biofertilizers

biopesticides vermicomposting soil amending and testing and R and D in seed

production

(ii) Farming Sector-

The important advisory and recently developed technology and materials

(variety implements fertilizers etc) can be used to enhance the production

Various farming enterprises viz horticultural enterprise organic farming

poultry farming mushroom cultivation Hi-tech farming green house

cultivation vertical faming etc could be a new venture to gain momentum in

agripreneurship

(iii) Value Chain-

Supply chain is the vital platform to help farmers in supplying the

produce from the field to plate Hence intermediaries online web portals e-

marketing can be a good area to look at an entrepreneur

(iv) Processing Sector-

Approximately 30 of the produce produced are lost in the agricultural

sector which can be reduced if properly proceesd and preserved hence this

sector needs entrepreneurial intervention

(v) Marketing Sector-

The highly perishable agricultural commodities needs a very well

organised marketing frame work in the country and outside hence the

agripreneurs must have a eye on this

(vi) Agricultural Services Sector-

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-64

The various farm servises like availability of labour cropping

information weather forecasting insect pest and disease monitoring are very

much essential servises and should be deseminated in proper time hence have a

good scope for agri-entreprenures

Though huge potential for agripreneurship some important challenge

obstruct the path which needs timely and critically varification and correction

Challenges of Aricultural Entrepreneurship

The major challenges are inadequate infrastructure lack of

entrepreneurial culture migration of the rural farmer and skilled labourer to

urban areas poor technological and equipmental intervention inadiquate and

improper supply of inputs problem in marketing of the agricultural produce

produced uneven demand interventions of middle man inadiquate institutional

measures and government policies fragmented land holdings deteriorating

natural resourses and the natural calamities pose a serious hindrance on

agripreneurial activities The entrepreneur should mentally stable enough to

countercat those to achive the most

Conclusion

It is very much clear from the foregoing discussion that the agricultural

entrepreneurship have a wide potential for the upcoming entrepreneurs

However the constraints and challenges should be considered before jumping to

the agriprenurial activity as stated in a old saying

ldquoDo farming to get 100 profit

or do it for atleast 10 investmentrdquo

So at the end it can be concluded that the profit and sustanability both

should be the outlook for an agrientreprenure

Subhrajyoti Mishra PhD Research Scholar Department of Horticultuee

College of Horticulture JAU Junagadh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-65

Ordinance on Contract farming

Odisha Governmentrsquos vision for

Expansion amp Intensification

Odisha is an agricultural state with about 74 of its rural

workforce relying upon agriculture with a marginal small

land holding also out of which more than 50 are below

poverty line This fragmented land holdings have become the major barrier

before the farmers to expand their farming activities of investments as well as

technological advancements Even many of them are devoid of the lift-irrigation

facility under water stress conditions The government intervention with

measures like MSP Subsidy and loan waivers have only managed to save the

farmers from economic crisis but there is very few measures taken so far like

formation of FPOs and cooperative farming which would have increased the

farmerrsquos capacity productivity and economic status practically

In view to this capacity amp productivity expansion government of Odisha

recently promulgated an Ordinance on Contract farming Where it has made

legal provisions for corporate interventions in agricultural sector of Odisha

through contract farming which means the corporates can take on the lands on

lease or make contracts for the large scale specialized farming The government

has clarified this decision as being made to bring the fragmented land under one

management to optimize resource productivity amp also to encourage agricultural

exports of the state Though the government made mandates to safe guard the

farmersrsquo right on land as well as restricting the sponsor not to realize the

advances given to farmers by sales or mortgage of lands but only against the

produced commodity

The formulated laws amp amendments being structured and written so-well need

to be implemented as-well The ordinance any-how brings opportunity for the

state amp corporates it must take our farmers beside giving them a part in the

whole production process with a good extra-income rather than treating them

only as land owners

Jagadananda Pradhan

Editorial member Shyamala Subarna

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc

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[Kograve ^_Wyumlograve ucircMKecirc Pucircfograveaucirce eacuteXyuml iotildeKIgraveKecirc _ucircugrave[d Keograve ucircugravec Keacutehograve I KeacutehKe C UumlZograve ograveMugravee Kucirc~yacuteeth

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The present day Agriculture scenario of India urges upon us to

bring a paradigm shift in the conventional Agriculture production

systems There should be a comprehensive approach in

reframing the present Agricultural structure thus including all

latest aspects of crop production and protection emphasizing on

zero budget natural farming by introduction of biofertilizers and

biopesticides can be the holistic alternative to todays high cost

chemical input based agriculture- which in my opinion is the

current need of the hour

Epsita swain Technical officer (Plant Pathology)

Dir Plant Protection Quarantine amp Storage GOI

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To ensure safe affordable amp enough food and overcome

farmersrsquo challenges around low productivity amp income it is

critical to transform Indian agriculture One of the key

priorities of the government is doubling farmersrsquo

incomesSuccess will depend on how farmers are

aggregated for production and marketing promotion of

contract farming cluster farming farmer producer

organizations and self-help groupsIndia needs a five-point

program that addresses agrarian challenges and brings

together various ongoing programs under one umbrella

Soumya sthitapragyanphd scholar ouat

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gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-41

Agriculture Education

I myself had been

born and grown in

an urban area and

my first contact

with farming was

at university level during graduation

I was really surprised one day when

one of my close relative said that he

is unaware of the

agricultural course

that I was doing I

strongly believe that there is lack of

knowledge about the career

opportunities in agriculture sector

among the parents as well as the

students which results in choose of

engineering or medical courses

Many people think that farmers raise

crops and livestock to feed their own

families but they donrsquot realize that

because of these farmers only we are

eating thrice a day even during

locked down period However farms

today are specialized they do not

look like those in childrenrsquos books

Farming became hi-tech Most of the

farmers started using iPads laptops

drones and many more Some of

them have higher education like

diploma or Bachelorrsquos degree or

training certificate It is challenging

for any agricultural professor to

have a debate with an experienced

farmer

With a rapidly increasing

population and a demand to feed 96

billion people by the year 2050 the

world needs passionate youth who

are willing to make a commitment in

farming Therefore there is a need

toinspire young people by

showcasing stories about

peopleincluding some of the

software employees who have

successfully

launched

agribusiness start-

ups We saw many messages from

aspiring youth entrepreneurs who

are succeeded in agriculture

industries

Agricultural education program

must be established in urban schools

which could play a crucial role in

increasing the involvement of

students from high school level in

farming Innovative agriculture

projects assignments to be given for

the school students this leads to

develop agriculturally

knowledgeable students who can

succeed during their higher

education research

Mr N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Assistant Professor

Genetics and Plant Breeding

Centurion University

Paralakhemundi

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-42

Croprsquos

Paradise

Monsoon

Pujyasmita Nayak

Monsoon

is the seasonal

reversing wind

accompanied by

corresponding

changes in atmospheric circulation

and precipitation associated with the

asymmetric heating of land and sea

Monsoon signifies the directional

shifting of winds from one to other

season They flow from sea to land

during summer and from land to sea

during winter Monsoons are

seasonal winds which reverse their

direction with the change of season

India receives Southwest monsoon

winds in summer and northeast

monsoon in winter About 54 of

worldrsquos population depends on

monsoon rain for their crop

Usually Indian

meteorological Department (IMD)

releases long range or seasonal

forecast for Southwest monsoon in

two stage process 1st forecast is in

middle of April and 2nd

is issued in

1st week of June

In this

difficult time

of corona

pandemic

situation the only good

news about the Indian monsoon is

this year will have a normal

monsoon Quantitatively the

monsoon rainfall in 2020 is expected

to be 100 of its long period

Average (LPA) with a model error

of +_ 5 Usually we tell it normal

when probability of rainfall LPA is

between 96-104 This LPA is

calculated based on the average

rainfall over years 1961 to 2000 in

country as a whole According to

LPA Indiarsquos seasonal rain fall is

88cm and this year the forecast

probability is 41 So there is a high

probability of monsoon is likely to

be normal The above normal it is

104-110 of LPA with forecast

probability is 21 for excess gt110

LPA with forecast probability is 9

below normal 92-96 LPA with

forecast probability is 20 and

deficient rain with forecast

probability is 9 which will have

large adverse affect on agriculture

and allied sectors

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-43

As we are aware that IMD use

both statistical and dynamical model

for preparing monsoon forecast The

sufficient forecast is however based

on statistical model and dynamical

model prediction gave a very high

probability for monsoon to be above

normal to excess and almost 70

probability of monsoon rainfall ie

gt104 The main reason of showing

more probability of dynamical

model is due to the model is

predicting a kind of evolution to La

Nina phase in the eastern parts of

Pacific Ocean IMD continuously

monitoring the position of EL Nino

or southern oscillation because

ENSO EL Nino La Nina condition

have a direct impact on monsoon

rainfall of India

From other models it is

concluded that ENSO is in a neutral

phase between EL Nino and

southern oscillation however by the

end of 2nd

half of monsoon season is

likely to be possibility of La Nina

phase As per information of normal

monsoon it will be helpful for

agriculture sector for better crop

yield and also economic growth of

our country It is expected to be

monsoon rainfall of India for 2020 is

102 in between June to September

North India is likely to receive

above normal rainfall

Monsoon onset for Kerala is

declared in 1st June Monsoon is a

part of south west wind and itrsquos an

important factor for declaration of

Southwest monsoon According to

criteria of IMD Southwest wind

should be strong at west of Kerala

and south Arabian sea ie at least

15-20 nuts and the vertical depth

should be 4-5km which is satisfied

the current year of arrived monsoon

in 1st June Radar system in coast is

useful that the winds recorded from

radar is the prevailing strong south

westerly wind and the detected

convective clouds from satellite is

persistent over south east Arabian

seas and Kerala coast Due to this

rainfall recorded in Kerala is

widespread in 30th

and 31st of may

and more than 80 of reported

rainfall gt25mm As per the record

of heavy to heavy rainfall in Kerala

in a day especially in Kozhikode

district 9cm And Trivandrum 6cm of

rainfall

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-44

Arriving of monsoon is in Assam

AP and KN in India is 5th of June

Odisha West bengal Maharashtra

Telangana in 10th June

Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Bihar in

15th June Gujarat Western part of

UP and MP UK in 20th

June

Himachal pradesh Jammu

ampKashmir in 25th June Punjab

Haryana Rajasthan in 30th

June

This year monsoon is

started in the time when the country

is affected by the novel corona virus

According to scientists monsoon

rainfall cannot able to minimize the

spreading of virus and due to low

humidity there is a possibility of

wide spread

And only piece of good news for the

Indian economy which is battling

the COVID-19 and its aftereffects of

gloomy scenario India is likely to

have a normal monsoon this year It

is crucial to rice wheat sugarcane

and oilseeds cultivation in the

country where farming accounts for

about 15 per cent of the economy

and employs over half of its people

However over extreme northwest

India the monsoon arrives now little

earlier on July 8 compared to the

existing date of July 15

For Kharif Crop Outlook

from Monsoon update

farmers are expecting

sowing of the Kharif

commodities to be

higher than the previous

year Sentimentally this

forecast is expected to bring

bearish trend in the prices of

the Kharif commodities such as

Soybean Cotton Castor Seed and

Turmeric Mentha Oil and

Cardamom could also witness

pressure in the coming weeks as

well with positive monsoon reportsrdquo

Msc(Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-45

The term ldquoterrace gardenrdquo

can refer to a garden

which is established on a

terrace roof or patio

usually in a house where

there is limited gardening

space These types of

gardens are especially popular in urban areas and they are sometimes used

in restaurants and other establishments as well Availability of space is an

important consideration for terrace farming It must be ensured that the

terrace receives ample sunlight If there are areas where the sun is too harsh

you can cover them with a shade or opt-out of placing your plants there

Baskets growbags or even an artificial lawn can be used on the surface of the

terrace If you are looking for an economical terrace garden growbags are a

better option but make sure that the bottom of these bags is waterproofed to

avoid any leakage into the home Some vegetables that can be grown easily are

beans tomatoes chillies herbs leafy vegetables and brinjals If larger space is

available you could try climbers and root vegetables

If the terrace is strong with ample space then different fruit-bearing trees can be

cultivated by carrying out efficient training and prunning but always opt for

indigenous seeds when doing so lsquoDesirsquo seeds can withstand any climatic

Terrace Gardening

A Step towards

sustainalble life

Miss Pragnya Paramita

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-46

condition and give you a better harvest Moreover they are easily available in

the market

Making your own soil is crucial for terrace gardening This mix should ideally

consist of regular soil compost coir peatsand and

vermicompost in equal quantities Its

important to add the mix to the soil weekly

because the nutrients have a tendency of

washing away during watering and also

rain Eventually you can create your

own compost and even make fertilisers

and pesticides from the gardenrsquos

vegetable and fruit waste Watering

plants twice a day keeps them

hydrated especially during the

summers

Patience is Key Experts have repeatedly said that patience is keyTerrace gardening is no rocket

science itrsquos all about the effort and the care you put into your cultivation For

first-time gardeners it may be very difficult to go through the initial period of

waiting Therersquos a high tendency to give up but the joy of eating a homegrown

vegetable or fruit is something else If much time and effort is put into the

garden then you will get more than what you asked for

Sourcing your soil seeds and other material from local farmers can really bring

down your expenses With an initial investment of Rs 3000 anyone can set up

their terrace garden Most of the things required can be sourced easily from

nurseries and other organic farms at economical prices

All such factors make terrace farming a small but powerful tool towards

cultivating a sustainable lifestyle It will make us more close to the nature and

help us tackle any scarcity situations in the future It will also serve as an

efficient means of providing the younger generations with a broadened outlook

towards where their food comes from

Feature Head (Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-47

DrSahadevarsquos expertise is in crop

husbandry watershed management

plant protection and horticulture He has

nearly 30 years experience in teaching

research consultancy and the provision

of agricultural extension servicesHe has

worked at the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Department of Agriculture Cooperation

amp Farmers Welfare Ministry of

Agriculture and the Planning

Commission of India DrSahadeva was

the Director (Academic) at the School of

Agricultural Sciences Jaipur National

University in Rajasthan He has earned a

PhD and MSc in agronomy from the

prestigious Indian Agricultural Research

Institute (IARI) and BSc (Agriculture

and Animal Husbandry) from CS Azad

University of Agriculture amp Technology

Agriculture is the main stay of Indian economy and various initiatives are

being taken up in order to bring about a country wide revolution in it Though

a lot of money gets sanctioned to the agriculture sector in every budget and

numerous beneficial schemes are

cooked for alleviating the

farmersrsquo condition but still

everyday in newspapers in

media we come across the

plight of farmers and how mass

migration from villages to cities

is taking place at a faster rate

Majority of people donrsquot want to

take up farming as a

profession Even a farmer

himself prefers his own progeny

to be a job holder rather than a

farmer So in order to shade

some light on these situations

we interviewed Dr Sahadeva

Singh Associate dean School

of Agricultural Sciences G D

Goenka University New Delhi

ldquoStreamlined linkage between

all the sphere of agriculture

and the farmer is the need of

the hourrdquo

- Dr Sahadeva Singh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-48

Special Interview

SHYAMALA

SUBARNA

Q How far the initiatives taken up by the Government of India have

proved beneficial for the farmers of our country

AThe government has been quite proactive to provide help to the farmers by

way of capital subsidy quality inputs and technical support Implementation of

several schemes such as RKVY NHM etc are being done for their betterment

Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi initiative farmers will get up to

6000 rupees per year as minimum income support deposited in their accounts

directly ICAR State Agriculture Universities Krishi Vikash Kendras National

Seed Corporations and various other government institutions are working for

improvement of the agriculture sector

Q So why do you think that the

farmers of our country are still

backward and unable to reap the

benefits What strategies are we lacking

in

The missing link has been the inability to create a proper streamlined linkage

between the government research extension industry and farmer ICAR which

is the apex body for agricultural research has no legislative powers which it

from making laws when needed Only 5 of the total agricultural budget is

allotted to ICAR of carrying out numerous functions So proper extension

machinery couldnrsquot be enforced and farmers get backward in application of

improved technicalities Also proper marketing structure and abolition of

middlemen for increasing farmerrsquos profit couldnrsquot be done till now

Q What strategies should be implemented in order to bring about the

efficient utilisation of resources for agriculture

Establishment of a central agriculture service can provide an effective linkage

between the farmer and the technical institutions as well the government

Shifting of agriculture from the state list to the concurrent list and providing

ICAR with legislative powers and more funding will help in smooth

implementation of research in the farmersrsquo field The strengthening of the

extension machinery and more demand based research will help to bring about

major beneficial changes The small and the marginal farmers should be able to

club their lands legally cultivate on it and divide the income according to their

percent share in the land Reorganisation of the entire setup of agriculture

marketing decreasing the interference of middle men traceability of the

farmersrsquo produce by the customers and capability of the farmer to establish his

own outlets are some important solutions

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-49

Q How can the youth of our country be made more involved in agriculture

and be able to take up farming as a profession

They can be sensitize about the importance of agriculture from a younger age

by including agriculture in the course syllabus Professional courses such as

medical ayurveda food processing should have at least one course of

agriculture from the view of food quality nutrition and medicinal value

Agriculture graduates

should be provided

with industrial

attachment which

improves their skill

and employability

Their innovations

and start-ups should

be funded and they

should be provided

subsidies if they take

up farming as a

profession

Vocational training

for dropout graduates will also be helpful for increasing resource personnel

Q Lastly Sir what do you feel our magazine Shymala Subarna can do

more to be beneficial to the farming society

Shymala Subarna is doing outstanding work and what is more amazing about it

is that it is a student initiative which has been able to create a space for itself

Itrsquos work was praised by the agricultural community and deserves to be

rewarded I wish it keeps on growing and keeping the same standard for years to

come

Interview taken by ndash

Miss Pragnya Paramita Feature Head

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-50

Rishikesh Sahoo

Secondary agriculture assumes

prominence with the announcement

of the goal of doubling farmersrsquo

incomesThe term lsquosecondaryrsquo has a

bearing on climate change

adaptation and its mitigation small

farm viability and profitability food

security nutrition sustainable utilisation

of natural resources and optimal usage of produce from primary

agriculture and farm incomesIn other words promoting secondary

agriculture has implications on attaining sustainable development goals

which aim to connect primary secondary and tertiary sectors by using idle

factors of production such as land and labourmdashcontributing to primary

agriculture production capturing lsquovaluersquo in primary agricultural activities

and generating additional income at the enterprise level

Secondary agriculture is a production activity at enterprise or farm level and it

devised a four-fold strategyIt has drawn attention of development

professionals agribusiness academics and experts and policymaking bodies

Secondary agriculture as is defined can help drive the growth of primary

agriculture and three avenues have been identified that adequately help utilise

capital human resources technology organisational capabilities and risk

management

Secondary

Agriculture

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-51

Type A Value-addition to primary agriculture production systems-

Itcan be achieved by improving livelihood enhancement action plans that are

implemented by community-based organisations Linking farmers with the

market through aggregation andgrading of agricultural produce can help them in

value enhancement and appropriation Collectivisations cluster farming

financial literacy marketing skills are important to build this avenue

Type B Alternative enterprises but linked to rural off-farm activities-

Itrsquos based on utilisation of alternative enterprises to primary agriculture but is

associated with rural off-farm activities like poultry bee-keeping duck farming

and livestock management are off-farm enterprises that can be promoted as part

of integrated farming system Integrated farming can hedge farm risk in the

period of crop failure and even ease out the seasonality in the stream of cash

flows

Type C Enterprises that thrive on crop residues and waste materials of

primary agriculture-

These are such enterprises that strive on crop residues or by-products of

primary agriculture For example after recovering sugar from cane cane can be

used as bagasse for molasses production Similarly cotton stalk and seed (after

ginning) can be used for de-oiled cake preparation or utilised in the secondary

and tertiary sector

To promote agricultural entrepreneurship or agricultural enterprises there is

recognition of priority sector status for institutional credit low-cost skilling and

knowledge-based exposure of farm communities specialised extension services

for enterprises owned by females priority under rural electrification objectives

fast-track procedures to avail benefits under the ongoing central sector schemes

and label geographical indicators to products of village-scale secondary

agricultureAgribusiness incubation and acceleration if made marketable can

benefit farm communities and appropriate market linkages can improve

farmersrsquo realisations through collectivisation However a concerted effort at

both policy and implementation levels at the Centre and states is necessary to

attain this goal

Btech Agriculture (4th

year)

CUTM Gajapati Odisha

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-52

Sericulture is an agro-based industry It involves rearing of silkworms for

the production of raw silk which is the yarn obtained out of cocoons spun

by certain species of insects

Cultivation to feed the silkworms that spin silk cocoons and reeling the cocoons

to unwind the silk filament for value added advantages like process and

weaving are the major activities of sericulture Silk has been blended with the

life and culture of the Indians India is the second largest producer of silk within

the globe Among the four kinds of silk created in 2015-16 Mulberry accounts

for 718 (20434 MT) Tasar 99 (2818 MT) Eri 178 (5054 MT) and

Muga 06 (166 MT) of the total raw silk production of 28472 MTMulberry

sericulture is principally practised in 5 states ie Karnataka Andhra Pradesh

Assam and Bodoland West Bengal Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are major silk

producing states in the country North East has the distinctive distinction of

being the sole region manufacturing four kinds of silk like Mulberry Oak Tasar

Muga and Eri Overall NE region contributes eighteen of Indias total silk

production

ADVANTAGES

High employment potential60 lakh persons are engaged in various

sericulture activities in the countryItIt is calculable that Sericulture can

generate employment 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in

Sericulture ndash An

Introduction

Soumya Sthitapragnya

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-53

on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout the year This potential ispar-

excellence and no other business generates this type of employment

especially in rural areas hence sericulture is used as a tool for rural

reconstruction

Eco-friendly ActivityAs a perennial crop with good foliage and root-

spread mulberry contributes to conservation and provides green

coverWaste from silkworm rearing will be recycled as inputs to

gardenDried mulberry twigs and branches are used as fuel in place of

firewood and therefore reduce the pressure on

vegetationforestBeingBeing a labour intensive and predominantly agro-

based activity involvement of smoke-emitting machinery is

minimalDevelopmental programmes initiated for mulberry plantation are

mainly in upland areas where un-used cultivable land is made

productiveIntercropping can also be done with numerous

plantationsBeing a deep-rooted perennial plant it can be raised in vacant

lands hill slopes and watershed areasCurrently only concerning 01

of the cultivable land in the country is beneath mulberry cultivation

Women friendly Occupation Women constitutes over hour of those

employed in down-stream activities of sericulture in the country This is

the result of sericulture activities ranging from mulberry garden

management leaf harvesting and silkworm rearing is more effectively

taken up by the women folks Even silk reeling business together with

weaving is largely supported by them

Low Gestation High Returns Estimated investments of Rs12000 to

15000 (excluding cost of land and rearing space) is adequate for

undertaking mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing in one acre of

irrigated landIt takes only six months for mulberry to grow for

commencement of silkworm rearing Once planted it will go on

supporting silkworm rearing year after year for 15-20 years depending on

inputs and management providedFive crops can be taken in one year

under tropical conditionsBy adopting stipulated package of practices a

farmer can attain net income levels up to Rs30000 per acre per annum

PhD scholar Entomology OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-54

Post Corona Era ndash

Sustainability the only

way out

The COVID-19 pandemic and

the global economic crisis has

brought some new ideas

ideologies and habits into the

limelight Is everything going to

be normal after lockdown No

never It will take 4-5 quarters to

normalise the financial situation So now the

question arises how to combat with it Yes certainly

there are ways After all need is the mother of invention Hence in this time of

need we all have to work towards betterment of the earth This lockdown has

certainly taught everyone that health is the most important thing and food and

agricultural products are the most essential items As ministry of AYUSH

suggested to take some ayurvedic products eg tulsi(basil) leaves black pepper

synthi pipali to fight against corona by increasing immunity it shows how

medicinal plants are important to us The kind of misery people faced to have

vegetables showed us the importance of kitchen garden Yeah all of us can

have our kitchen garden window garden Terrace garden or vertical garden

notonly for decoration butalso for our own consumption This outbreak makes

us alarmed to go for gardening in a small area for our own We can grow leafy

vegetables like amaranthus spinach corriander and medicinal plants like tulsi

in our home That makes us productive during lockdown and we can avail fresh

healthy vegetables anytime For the farming community out there Corona

certainly brought a loss to you but it also showed you the practical implications

of integrated farming system(IFS) To all the respected farmers its not late you

can go for IFS now too

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-55

How IFS will help

You can switch from crop to crop as per the demand of society eg

during lockdown we found many farmers had to bear loss because of

huge production but less marketing of certain crops like watermelon

bananas In such crisis time we should go for some short time crops like

spinach amaranthus radish that will bring good income

Secondly diversification brings more sources of income like those who

just do paddy are at great loss than the

one who does mushroom as well

Mushroom is easily and fast grown

agricultural product

Thirdly for the farmwomen

be the true partner of your husband

in this crisis time Go for post

harvest management and processing

of excess produce and reap the

benefits eg banana chips tomato

ketchup sauce pickles etc

Hence corona outbreak and post

lockdown situation will be a beginning of a new era and all of us should be well

prepared for it Because struggling for existence is the bitter truth of nature Opt

for the right method to bring about right changes in the right time

Richa Mishra Msc (Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-56

Upasana Mohapatra

Though India is one of the fastest growing economies in the

world the challenges and the problems faced by Indian

economy lower its growth rateHuge dependence of

population on agriculture and low level of science and

technology are the major concerned areas for boosting the

economy growth rate Recent development in science and

technology can modernise the agriculture for improving the

crop productivity and also uplift the rate of industrial

production Biotechnology is the recent trend in science

and technology which can be used as the key to these

basic problems of agriculture its allied sectors and the industry as well

Biotechnology

Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and

technology According to US National Science Foundation - It is the controlled

use of biological agents such as microorganisms or cellular components for

beneficial useacute Thus biotechnology is an integrated application of knowledge

and technique to draw benefits from properties and capacities of

microorganisms and animals and plants

Biotechnology can be classified as

1) Red Biotechnology or Medical biotechnology- biotechnology used for

production of biopharmaceuticals like recombinant protein enzymes vaccines

and antibiotics

2) White biotechnology or Industrial biotechnology- biotechnology used for

industrial production

3) Green biotechnology or Agricultural biotechnology- biotechnology used

for crop improvement in agriculture

4) Blue biotechnology or Marine biotechnology- biotechnology used for

marine and aquatic applications

Biotechnology ndash A Way to uplift

Indian Economy

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-57

The development of these sectors of biotechnology can lead the way towards

improving economy

Biotechnology in Medical Science

The companies involved in medical biotechnology do

the work on protein purification molecular cloning

and expression of native and synthetic genes

They also offer polyclonal and monoclonal

antibody development and formulation of

certain types of vaccines The in-house

expertise in recombinant DNA technology and

development of cell lines for recombinant

product synthesis improve the production of

drugs and vaccines in medical science which in

succession push the Indian economy Some of

the companies in medical science are Shantha

Biotech Ranbaxy Laboratories and Dr Reddyrsquos

Laboratory (DRL)

Biotechnology in Industry

The bio-manufacturing strategies such as Fermentation technology can catalyse

the production of biopharmaceuticals alcohols foods biofertilizers and

biofuels The production of these products in industrial scale should be

supported through new policies for raising the Indian economy

Biotechnology in marine Science

The major focussed areas in marine science are semi intensive prawn culture

intensive carp culture feed and seed production disease diagnosis and vaccine

development bioactive compounds like biopigments from cyanobacteria

biotransformation of secondary metabolites and

bioprospectingmicrometabolites from marine organisms including

microorganisms see weeds extremophiles bioremediation The

commercialisation of the products and the process in marine biotechnology can

be an useful stategy for development of economic growth rate in India

Biotechnology in Agriculture

Biotechnology can drive the agriculture in a faster speed as it shortens

the breeding cycle of some crops helps in large-scale plant clonal propagation

produces genetically variable crops like virus-free plants disease resistant

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-58

plants herbicide resistant plants insect resistant plant regeneration of forests

(teak eucalyptus sandalwood tamarind rubber and oil palm commercial

production of secondary metabolites from the medicinal and aromatic plants

Also theseed companies like Mahyco Indo-American Hybrid Seed

expanding their RampD to cover biotechnology to develop their own transgenic

crops Some of smaller companies have started employing techniques such as

tissue culture for their breeding programmes for crop improvement

Biotechnology can be a cause in a second Green Revolution with

tremendous opportunities to ensure food security along with the economic well-

being of the farmer Approval of Bt Cotton cultivation in India helps in the

increament of cotton yield and increase the production of textile industry which

supports the Indian economy in great extent

Challenges of Biotechnology in India

If physics and chemistry drove the industrial transformations of the twentieth

century biology promises to generate ground breaking technological

applications in the present one which is the biotechnology Though India has a

separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) state universities research

institute to propagate research in transgenic plants and its cultivation in India

the bioethics and the environmental issues check the growth of biotechnology

and its further application in different sectors including Agriculture food

science marine science and industrial production The attitude toward

transgenics GMOs and the biotechnology should be changed before using this

technology in different sectors of India As a result there will be a harmony in

the utilisation of biotechnology and acceptance of its products in the society

which will lead to an accelerated development of Indian economy

PhD Scholar University of Agricultural

Sciences GKVK Bengaluru

Email id- upasanaprangya92gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-59

Integrated disease management

A boon to sustainable Agriculture

Integrated disease management (IDM) can be referred to

as the cumulative use of various plant disease control

methods like cultural mechanical biological host

resistance or genetic methods along with sparse use of

chemical pesticidesIt is an environment friendly approach

which takes into account the need-base use of chemical

pesticides rather than exploiting the nature with the

toxicity of the same The ultimate objective of IDM is to

bring down the pathogen population below the economic

threshold level

IDM is a wise integration of

- Cultural or mechanical control

- Biological control

- Host resistance

- Chemical control

Cultural Control

It is the most feasible method of control as it can be easily accessible to any

common man Cultural or mechanical method of control takes into account

manipulation and management of environment condition making it unsuitable

for the pathogen to grow and perpetuate on the host plant It includes methods

like crop rotation field sanitation proper irrigation aeration of soil optimum

spacing manipulation of sowing and harvesting dates etc

Biological Control

It refers to use of living organisms to reduce the inoculum density or disease-

causing activities of the pathogensparasites

Host-resistance

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-60

It refers to the cultivation of resistant cultivars to combat disease incidences It

is the inherent character of the plant which has certainly no side effects on the

environment

Chemical control

In IDM chemical control is meant to be the least used method so as to reduce

the adverse impact on the environment It involves need base and seldom use of

chemical pesticides

IDM in India

India having an agrarian economy agriculture acts as the primary source of

living for about 60 of the countryrsquos population Crop loss due to diseases can

go upto 40-50 which is a huge pie of the cake In the era of the

modernization incurring adverse effect on the environment it is the need of the

time to protect our mother nature Minimal use of chemical and exploitation of

the other methods which are environment friendly is the key to survival But the

success of IDM implementation is based on the socio-economic and educational

status of the farmers of the country Proper utilization of the IDM strategy

requires a pre-requisite knowledge on the methods and their implications Lack

of awareness and knowledge on this aspect makes IDM less popular and the

farmers continue to use the conventional plant protection methods with

extensive use of chemical

Future prospects

Plant health clinics should be popularized in order to counselthe farmers and the

commoners regarding the knows and hows of IDM IDM can lead us towards a

more sustainable and stable form of agriculture if practiced appropriately

Sushree Suparna Mahapatra Department of

Plant Pathology

Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology

Gmail - mahapatrasushree9gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-61

Agriculture being the sole

supplier of human food is the largest

industry and major land use sector on

the globe Indian agriculture became self sustainable after the era of green

revolution during 1960s In the recent data proposed by the ldquoMinistry of

Agriculture and Farmers Welfarerdquo the agricultural production is around 59569

MT in 2018-19 cropping year The youth dominated country India can achieve

the remarkable production due to emerging entrepreneurial activities in

agriindustry The farmers field is not consider as the producer of food but as a

source of income for the farmer Indiarsquos economy is principally dominated by

agriculture with more than 60 population depending on it for their livelyhood

Agriculture entrepreneurship or agri-preneurship is a concept of latest origin It

is the entrepreneurial process taken up in agriculture or the allied sectors

Agriculture frames the foundation of the countrys economy It is a process of

adopting the new methods processes techniques in agriculture or allied sectors

of agriculture for better output and economic earnings

Agricutural Entrepreneurship

Opportunities and Challenges

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-62

Need of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Over the period of time from independence till date the GDP contribution

declines from 519 in 1950-51 to 1587 in 2018-19 With repect to the

agricultural production India stands second but as far as the export is concerned

the rank is 14th in the world It was also observed that our countriersquos average

production per hectare is only half of the worldrsquos average Various other areas

viz local availability of agri and horticultural produces lesser investment to

start small scale industries government sponsorship and encouragements

employment oppertunities and check migration of rural youth to urban areas

etc provides a vast scope for agricultural entreprenureship Hence from the

above facts and figures it can be concluded that there is a clear need for

agriprenureship development in this sectors for strengthening the demanad and

production gap infrastructure development supporting faster agricultural

development promoting value addition and preservation creating employment

doubling farmers income and minimizing the challenges faced due to economic

leberalization and globalization etc

Oppertunities for Agricultural Entrepreneurship

There is a popular saying

ldquoThe thing not found in India

can never be found in the universerdquo

(Jaha Nahi Bharate Taha nahi Jagate)

It means India is the rich source of all the amenities and services With

the proper utilization farmer can able to produce the food grains There are

various critical areas in agriculture sector from the farmer to the food till reach

in consumerrsquos plate like input stage farming stage value chain output

processing marketing and various related services India is blessed with varied

agroclimatic diversity and can produce a wide range of produce Presently the

scope and oppertunity of agripreneural activity is increasing as a result of

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-63

globalization and more interconnected world market Few of the agripreneural

activities are discussed below

(i) Input Sector-

The agricultural processes needs a wide range of inputs like seeds

fertilizers pesticides innovative localized and cost effective tools and

techniques There are very promising way forward in sectors like biofertilizers

biopesticides vermicomposting soil amending and testing and R and D in seed

production

(ii) Farming Sector-

The important advisory and recently developed technology and materials

(variety implements fertilizers etc) can be used to enhance the production

Various farming enterprises viz horticultural enterprise organic farming

poultry farming mushroom cultivation Hi-tech farming green house

cultivation vertical faming etc could be a new venture to gain momentum in

agripreneurship

(iii) Value Chain-

Supply chain is the vital platform to help farmers in supplying the

produce from the field to plate Hence intermediaries online web portals e-

marketing can be a good area to look at an entrepreneur

(iv) Processing Sector-

Approximately 30 of the produce produced are lost in the agricultural

sector which can be reduced if properly proceesd and preserved hence this

sector needs entrepreneurial intervention

(v) Marketing Sector-

The highly perishable agricultural commodities needs a very well

organised marketing frame work in the country and outside hence the

agripreneurs must have a eye on this

(vi) Agricultural Services Sector-

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-64

The various farm servises like availability of labour cropping

information weather forecasting insect pest and disease monitoring are very

much essential servises and should be deseminated in proper time hence have a

good scope for agri-entreprenures

Though huge potential for agripreneurship some important challenge

obstruct the path which needs timely and critically varification and correction

Challenges of Aricultural Entrepreneurship

The major challenges are inadequate infrastructure lack of

entrepreneurial culture migration of the rural farmer and skilled labourer to

urban areas poor technological and equipmental intervention inadiquate and

improper supply of inputs problem in marketing of the agricultural produce

produced uneven demand interventions of middle man inadiquate institutional

measures and government policies fragmented land holdings deteriorating

natural resourses and the natural calamities pose a serious hindrance on

agripreneurial activities The entrepreneur should mentally stable enough to

countercat those to achive the most

Conclusion

It is very much clear from the foregoing discussion that the agricultural

entrepreneurship have a wide potential for the upcoming entrepreneurs

However the constraints and challenges should be considered before jumping to

the agriprenurial activity as stated in a old saying

ldquoDo farming to get 100 profit

or do it for atleast 10 investmentrdquo

So at the end it can be concluded that the profit and sustanability both

should be the outlook for an agrientreprenure

Subhrajyoti Mishra PhD Research Scholar Department of Horticultuee

College of Horticulture JAU Junagadh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-65

Ordinance on Contract farming

Odisha Governmentrsquos vision for

Expansion amp Intensification

Odisha is an agricultural state with about 74 of its rural

workforce relying upon agriculture with a marginal small

land holding also out of which more than 50 are below

poverty line This fragmented land holdings have become the major barrier

before the farmers to expand their farming activities of investments as well as

technological advancements Even many of them are devoid of the lift-irrigation

facility under water stress conditions The government intervention with

measures like MSP Subsidy and loan waivers have only managed to save the

farmers from economic crisis but there is very few measures taken so far like

formation of FPOs and cooperative farming which would have increased the

farmerrsquos capacity productivity and economic status practically

In view to this capacity amp productivity expansion government of Odisha

recently promulgated an Ordinance on Contract farming Where it has made

legal provisions for corporate interventions in agricultural sector of Odisha

through contract farming which means the corporates can take on the lands on

lease or make contracts for the large scale specialized farming The government

has clarified this decision as being made to bring the fragmented land under one

management to optimize resource productivity amp also to encourage agricultural

exports of the state Though the government made mandates to safe guard the

farmersrsquo right on land as well as restricting the sponsor not to realize the

advances given to farmers by sales or mortgage of lands but only against the

produced commodity

The formulated laws amp amendments being structured and written so-well need

to be implemented as-well The ordinance any-how brings opportunity for the

state amp corporates it must take our farmers beside giving them a part in the

whole production process with a good extra-income rather than treating them

only as land owners

Jagadananda Pradhan

Editorial member Shyamala Subarna

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The present day Agriculture scenario of India urges upon us to

bring a paradigm shift in the conventional Agriculture production

systems There should be a comprehensive approach in

reframing the present Agricultural structure thus including all

latest aspects of crop production and protection emphasizing on

zero budget natural farming by introduction of biofertilizers and

biopesticides can be the holistic alternative to todays high cost

chemical input based agriculture- which in my opinion is the

current need of the hour

Epsita swain Technical officer (Plant Pathology)

Dir Plant Protection Quarantine amp Storage GOI

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_acirc`ecircfauml Kecirccucirce ugravejucircZucirc ugraveLucirciexclucirceth

To ensure safe affordable amp enough food and overcome

farmersrsquo challenges around low productivity amp income it is

critical to transform Indian agriculture One of the key

priorities of the government is doubling farmersrsquo

incomesSuccess will depend on how farmers are

aggregated for production and marketing promotion of

contract farming cluster farming farmer producer

organizations and self-help groupsIndia needs a five-point

program that addresses agrarian challenges and brings

together various ongoing programs under one umbrella

Soumya sthitapragyanphd scholar ouat

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Pyumlucirchuacute _ucircAntilde _ugrave

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-41

Agriculture Education

I myself had been

born and grown in

an urban area and

my first contact

with farming was

at university level during graduation

I was really surprised one day when

one of my close relative said that he

is unaware of the

agricultural course

that I was doing I

strongly believe that there is lack of

knowledge about the career

opportunities in agriculture sector

among the parents as well as the

students which results in choose of

engineering or medical courses

Many people think that farmers raise

crops and livestock to feed their own

families but they donrsquot realize that

because of these farmers only we are

eating thrice a day even during

locked down period However farms

today are specialized they do not

look like those in childrenrsquos books

Farming became hi-tech Most of the

farmers started using iPads laptops

drones and many more Some of

them have higher education like

diploma or Bachelorrsquos degree or

training certificate It is challenging

for any agricultural professor to

have a debate with an experienced

farmer

With a rapidly increasing

population and a demand to feed 96

billion people by the year 2050 the

world needs passionate youth who

are willing to make a commitment in

farming Therefore there is a need

toinspire young people by

showcasing stories about

peopleincluding some of the

software employees who have

successfully

launched

agribusiness start-

ups We saw many messages from

aspiring youth entrepreneurs who

are succeeded in agriculture

industries

Agricultural education program

must be established in urban schools

which could play a crucial role in

increasing the involvement of

students from high school level in

farming Innovative agriculture

projects assignments to be given for

the school students this leads to

develop agriculturally

knowledgeable students who can

succeed during their higher

education research

Mr N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Assistant Professor

Genetics and Plant Breeding

Centurion University

Paralakhemundi

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-42

Croprsquos

Paradise

Monsoon

Pujyasmita Nayak

Monsoon

is the seasonal

reversing wind

accompanied by

corresponding

changes in atmospheric circulation

and precipitation associated with the

asymmetric heating of land and sea

Monsoon signifies the directional

shifting of winds from one to other

season They flow from sea to land

during summer and from land to sea

during winter Monsoons are

seasonal winds which reverse their

direction with the change of season

India receives Southwest monsoon

winds in summer and northeast

monsoon in winter About 54 of

worldrsquos population depends on

monsoon rain for their crop

Usually Indian

meteorological Department (IMD)

releases long range or seasonal

forecast for Southwest monsoon in

two stage process 1st forecast is in

middle of April and 2nd

is issued in

1st week of June

In this

difficult time

of corona

pandemic

situation the only good

news about the Indian monsoon is

this year will have a normal

monsoon Quantitatively the

monsoon rainfall in 2020 is expected

to be 100 of its long period

Average (LPA) with a model error

of +_ 5 Usually we tell it normal

when probability of rainfall LPA is

between 96-104 This LPA is

calculated based on the average

rainfall over years 1961 to 2000 in

country as a whole According to

LPA Indiarsquos seasonal rain fall is

88cm and this year the forecast

probability is 41 So there is a high

probability of monsoon is likely to

be normal The above normal it is

104-110 of LPA with forecast

probability is 21 for excess gt110

LPA with forecast probability is 9

below normal 92-96 LPA with

forecast probability is 20 and

deficient rain with forecast

probability is 9 which will have

large adverse affect on agriculture

and allied sectors

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-43

As we are aware that IMD use

both statistical and dynamical model

for preparing monsoon forecast The

sufficient forecast is however based

on statistical model and dynamical

model prediction gave a very high

probability for monsoon to be above

normal to excess and almost 70

probability of monsoon rainfall ie

gt104 The main reason of showing

more probability of dynamical

model is due to the model is

predicting a kind of evolution to La

Nina phase in the eastern parts of

Pacific Ocean IMD continuously

monitoring the position of EL Nino

or southern oscillation because

ENSO EL Nino La Nina condition

have a direct impact on monsoon

rainfall of India

From other models it is

concluded that ENSO is in a neutral

phase between EL Nino and

southern oscillation however by the

end of 2nd

half of monsoon season is

likely to be possibility of La Nina

phase As per information of normal

monsoon it will be helpful for

agriculture sector for better crop

yield and also economic growth of

our country It is expected to be

monsoon rainfall of India for 2020 is

102 in between June to September

North India is likely to receive

above normal rainfall

Monsoon onset for Kerala is

declared in 1st June Monsoon is a

part of south west wind and itrsquos an

important factor for declaration of

Southwest monsoon According to

criteria of IMD Southwest wind

should be strong at west of Kerala

and south Arabian sea ie at least

15-20 nuts and the vertical depth

should be 4-5km which is satisfied

the current year of arrived monsoon

in 1st June Radar system in coast is

useful that the winds recorded from

radar is the prevailing strong south

westerly wind and the detected

convective clouds from satellite is

persistent over south east Arabian

seas and Kerala coast Due to this

rainfall recorded in Kerala is

widespread in 30th

and 31st of may

and more than 80 of reported

rainfall gt25mm As per the record

of heavy to heavy rainfall in Kerala

in a day especially in Kozhikode

district 9cm And Trivandrum 6cm of

rainfall

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-44

Arriving of monsoon is in Assam

AP and KN in India is 5th of June

Odisha West bengal Maharashtra

Telangana in 10th June

Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Bihar in

15th June Gujarat Western part of

UP and MP UK in 20th

June

Himachal pradesh Jammu

ampKashmir in 25th June Punjab

Haryana Rajasthan in 30th

June

This year monsoon is

started in the time when the country

is affected by the novel corona virus

According to scientists monsoon

rainfall cannot able to minimize the

spreading of virus and due to low

humidity there is a possibility of

wide spread

And only piece of good news for the

Indian economy which is battling

the COVID-19 and its aftereffects of

gloomy scenario India is likely to

have a normal monsoon this year It

is crucial to rice wheat sugarcane

and oilseeds cultivation in the

country where farming accounts for

about 15 per cent of the economy

and employs over half of its people

However over extreme northwest

India the monsoon arrives now little

earlier on July 8 compared to the

existing date of July 15

For Kharif Crop Outlook

from Monsoon update

farmers are expecting

sowing of the Kharif

commodities to be

higher than the previous

year Sentimentally this

forecast is expected to bring

bearish trend in the prices of

the Kharif commodities such as

Soybean Cotton Castor Seed and

Turmeric Mentha Oil and

Cardamom could also witness

pressure in the coming weeks as

well with positive monsoon reportsrdquo

Msc(Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-45

The term ldquoterrace gardenrdquo

can refer to a garden

which is established on a

terrace roof or patio

usually in a house where

there is limited gardening

space These types of

gardens are especially popular in urban areas and they are sometimes used

in restaurants and other establishments as well Availability of space is an

important consideration for terrace farming It must be ensured that the

terrace receives ample sunlight If there are areas where the sun is too harsh

you can cover them with a shade or opt-out of placing your plants there

Baskets growbags or even an artificial lawn can be used on the surface of the

terrace If you are looking for an economical terrace garden growbags are a

better option but make sure that the bottom of these bags is waterproofed to

avoid any leakage into the home Some vegetables that can be grown easily are

beans tomatoes chillies herbs leafy vegetables and brinjals If larger space is

available you could try climbers and root vegetables

If the terrace is strong with ample space then different fruit-bearing trees can be

cultivated by carrying out efficient training and prunning but always opt for

indigenous seeds when doing so lsquoDesirsquo seeds can withstand any climatic

Terrace Gardening

A Step towards

sustainalble life

Miss Pragnya Paramita

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-46

condition and give you a better harvest Moreover they are easily available in

the market

Making your own soil is crucial for terrace gardening This mix should ideally

consist of regular soil compost coir peatsand and

vermicompost in equal quantities Its

important to add the mix to the soil weekly

because the nutrients have a tendency of

washing away during watering and also

rain Eventually you can create your

own compost and even make fertilisers

and pesticides from the gardenrsquos

vegetable and fruit waste Watering

plants twice a day keeps them

hydrated especially during the

summers

Patience is Key Experts have repeatedly said that patience is keyTerrace gardening is no rocket

science itrsquos all about the effort and the care you put into your cultivation For

first-time gardeners it may be very difficult to go through the initial period of

waiting Therersquos a high tendency to give up but the joy of eating a homegrown

vegetable or fruit is something else If much time and effort is put into the

garden then you will get more than what you asked for

Sourcing your soil seeds and other material from local farmers can really bring

down your expenses With an initial investment of Rs 3000 anyone can set up

their terrace garden Most of the things required can be sourced easily from

nurseries and other organic farms at economical prices

All such factors make terrace farming a small but powerful tool towards

cultivating a sustainable lifestyle It will make us more close to the nature and

help us tackle any scarcity situations in the future It will also serve as an

efficient means of providing the younger generations with a broadened outlook

towards where their food comes from

Feature Head (Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-47

DrSahadevarsquos expertise is in crop

husbandry watershed management

plant protection and horticulture He has

nearly 30 years experience in teaching

research consultancy and the provision

of agricultural extension servicesHe has

worked at the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Department of Agriculture Cooperation

amp Farmers Welfare Ministry of

Agriculture and the Planning

Commission of India DrSahadeva was

the Director (Academic) at the School of

Agricultural Sciences Jaipur National

University in Rajasthan He has earned a

PhD and MSc in agronomy from the

prestigious Indian Agricultural Research

Institute (IARI) and BSc (Agriculture

and Animal Husbandry) from CS Azad

University of Agriculture amp Technology

Agriculture is the main stay of Indian economy and various initiatives are

being taken up in order to bring about a country wide revolution in it Though

a lot of money gets sanctioned to the agriculture sector in every budget and

numerous beneficial schemes are

cooked for alleviating the

farmersrsquo condition but still

everyday in newspapers in

media we come across the

plight of farmers and how mass

migration from villages to cities

is taking place at a faster rate

Majority of people donrsquot want to

take up farming as a

profession Even a farmer

himself prefers his own progeny

to be a job holder rather than a

farmer So in order to shade

some light on these situations

we interviewed Dr Sahadeva

Singh Associate dean School

of Agricultural Sciences G D

Goenka University New Delhi

ldquoStreamlined linkage between

all the sphere of agriculture

and the farmer is the need of

the hourrdquo

- Dr Sahadeva Singh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-48

Special Interview

SHYAMALA

SUBARNA

Q How far the initiatives taken up by the Government of India have

proved beneficial for the farmers of our country

AThe government has been quite proactive to provide help to the farmers by

way of capital subsidy quality inputs and technical support Implementation of

several schemes such as RKVY NHM etc are being done for their betterment

Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi initiative farmers will get up to

6000 rupees per year as minimum income support deposited in their accounts

directly ICAR State Agriculture Universities Krishi Vikash Kendras National

Seed Corporations and various other government institutions are working for

improvement of the agriculture sector

Q So why do you think that the

farmers of our country are still

backward and unable to reap the

benefits What strategies are we lacking

in

The missing link has been the inability to create a proper streamlined linkage

between the government research extension industry and farmer ICAR which

is the apex body for agricultural research has no legislative powers which it

from making laws when needed Only 5 of the total agricultural budget is

allotted to ICAR of carrying out numerous functions So proper extension

machinery couldnrsquot be enforced and farmers get backward in application of

improved technicalities Also proper marketing structure and abolition of

middlemen for increasing farmerrsquos profit couldnrsquot be done till now

Q What strategies should be implemented in order to bring about the

efficient utilisation of resources for agriculture

Establishment of a central agriculture service can provide an effective linkage

between the farmer and the technical institutions as well the government

Shifting of agriculture from the state list to the concurrent list and providing

ICAR with legislative powers and more funding will help in smooth

implementation of research in the farmersrsquo field The strengthening of the

extension machinery and more demand based research will help to bring about

major beneficial changes The small and the marginal farmers should be able to

club their lands legally cultivate on it and divide the income according to their

percent share in the land Reorganisation of the entire setup of agriculture

marketing decreasing the interference of middle men traceability of the

farmersrsquo produce by the customers and capability of the farmer to establish his

own outlets are some important solutions

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-49

Q How can the youth of our country be made more involved in agriculture

and be able to take up farming as a profession

They can be sensitize about the importance of agriculture from a younger age

by including agriculture in the course syllabus Professional courses such as

medical ayurveda food processing should have at least one course of

agriculture from the view of food quality nutrition and medicinal value

Agriculture graduates

should be provided

with industrial

attachment which

improves their skill

and employability

Their innovations

and start-ups should

be funded and they

should be provided

subsidies if they take

up farming as a

profession

Vocational training

for dropout graduates will also be helpful for increasing resource personnel

Q Lastly Sir what do you feel our magazine Shymala Subarna can do

more to be beneficial to the farming society

Shymala Subarna is doing outstanding work and what is more amazing about it

is that it is a student initiative which has been able to create a space for itself

Itrsquos work was praised by the agricultural community and deserves to be

rewarded I wish it keeps on growing and keeping the same standard for years to

come

Interview taken by ndash

Miss Pragnya Paramita Feature Head

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-50

Rishikesh Sahoo

Secondary agriculture assumes

prominence with the announcement

of the goal of doubling farmersrsquo

incomesThe term lsquosecondaryrsquo has a

bearing on climate change

adaptation and its mitigation small

farm viability and profitability food

security nutrition sustainable utilisation

of natural resources and optimal usage of produce from primary

agriculture and farm incomesIn other words promoting secondary

agriculture has implications on attaining sustainable development goals

which aim to connect primary secondary and tertiary sectors by using idle

factors of production such as land and labourmdashcontributing to primary

agriculture production capturing lsquovaluersquo in primary agricultural activities

and generating additional income at the enterprise level

Secondary agriculture is a production activity at enterprise or farm level and it

devised a four-fold strategyIt has drawn attention of development

professionals agribusiness academics and experts and policymaking bodies

Secondary agriculture as is defined can help drive the growth of primary

agriculture and three avenues have been identified that adequately help utilise

capital human resources technology organisational capabilities and risk

management

Secondary

Agriculture

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-51

Type A Value-addition to primary agriculture production systems-

Itcan be achieved by improving livelihood enhancement action plans that are

implemented by community-based organisations Linking farmers with the

market through aggregation andgrading of agricultural produce can help them in

value enhancement and appropriation Collectivisations cluster farming

financial literacy marketing skills are important to build this avenue

Type B Alternative enterprises but linked to rural off-farm activities-

Itrsquos based on utilisation of alternative enterprises to primary agriculture but is

associated with rural off-farm activities like poultry bee-keeping duck farming

and livestock management are off-farm enterprises that can be promoted as part

of integrated farming system Integrated farming can hedge farm risk in the

period of crop failure and even ease out the seasonality in the stream of cash

flows

Type C Enterprises that thrive on crop residues and waste materials of

primary agriculture-

These are such enterprises that strive on crop residues or by-products of

primary agriculture For example after recovering sugar from cane cane can be

used as bagasse for molasses production Similarly cotton stalk and seed (after

ginning) can be used for de-oiled cake preparation or utilised in the secondary

and tertiary sector

To promote agricultural entrepreneurship or agricultural enterprises there is

recognition of priority sector status for institutional credit low-cost skilling and

knowledge-based exposure of farm communities specialised extension services

for enterprises owned by females priority under rural electrification objectives

fast-track procedures to avail benefits under the ongoing central sector schemes

and label geographical indicators to products of village-scale secondary

agricultureAgribusiness incubation and acceleration if made marketable can

benefit farm communities and appropriate market linkages can improve

farmersrsquo realisations through collectivisation However a concerted effort at

both policy and implementation levels at the Centre and states is necessary to

attain this goal

Btech Agriculture (4th

year)

CUTM Gajapati Odisha

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-52

Sericulture is an agro-based industry It involves rearing of silkworms for

the production of raw silk which is the yarn obtained out of cocoons spun

by certain species of insects

Cultivation to feed the silkworms that spin silk cocoons and reeling the cocoons

to unwind the silk filament for value added advantages like process and

weaving are the major activities of sericulture Silk has been blended with the

life and culture of the Indians India is the second largest producer of silk within

the globe Among the four kinds of silk created in 2015-16 Mulberry accounts

for 718 (20434 MT) Tasar 99 (2818 MT) Eri 178 (5054 MT) and

Muga 06 (166 MT) of the total raw silk production of 28472 MTMulberry

sericulture is principally practised in 5 states ie Karnataka Andhra Pradesh

Assam and Bodoland West Bengal Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are major silk

producing states in the country North East has the distinctive distinction of

being the sole region manufacturing four kinds of silk like Mulberry Oak Tasar

Muga and Eri Overall NE region contributes eighteen of Indias total silk

production

ADVANTAGES

High employment potential60 lakh persons are engaged in various

sericulture activities in the countryItIt is calculable that Sericulture can

generate employment 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in

Sericulture ndash An

Introduction

Soumya Sthitapragnya

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-53

on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout the year This potential ispar-

excellence and no other business generates this type of employment

especially in rural areas hence sericulture is used as a tool for rural

reconstruction

Eco-friendly ActivityAs a perennial crop with good foliage and root-

spread mulberry contributes to conservation and provides green

coverWaste from silkworm rearing will be recycled as inputs to

gardenDried mulberry twigs and branches are used as fuel in place of

firewood and therefore reduce the pressure on

vegetationforestBeingBeing a labour intensive and predominantly agro-

based activity involvement of smoke-emitting machinery is

minimalDevelopmental programmes initiated for mulberry plantation are

mainly in upland areas where un-used cultivable land is made

productiveIntercropping can also be done with numerous

plantationsBeing a deep-rooted perennial plant it can be raised in vacant

lands hill slopes and watershed areasCurrently only concerning 01

of the cultivable land in the country is beneath mulberry cultivation

Women friendly Occupation Women constitutes over hour of those

employed in down-stream activities of sericulture in the country This is

the result of sericulture activities ranging from mulberry garden

management leaf harvesting and silkworm rearing is more effectively

taken up by the women folks Even silk reeling business together with

weaving is largely supported by them

Low Gestation High Returns Estimated investments of Rs12000 to

15000 (excluding cost of land and rearing space) is adequate for

undertaking mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing in one acre of

irrigated landIt takes only six months for mulberry to grow for

commencement of silkworm rearing Once planted it will go on

supporting silkworm rearing year after year for 15-20 years depending on

inputs and management providedFive crops can be taken in one year

under tropical conditionsBy adopting stipulated package of practices a

farmer can attain net income levels up to Rs30000 per acre per annum

PhD scholar Entomology OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-54

Post Corona Era ndash

Sustainability the only

way out

The COVID-19 pandemic and

the global economic crisis has

brought some new ideas

ideologies and habits into the

limelight Is everything going to

be normal after lockdown No

never It will take 4-5 quarters to

normalise the financial situation So now the

question arises how to combat with it Yes certainly

there are ways After all need is the mother of invention Hence in this time of

need we all have to work towards betterment of the earth This lockdown has

certainly taught everyone that health is the most important thing and food and

agricultural products are the most essential items As ministry of AYUSH

suggested to take some ayurvedic products eg tulsi(basil) leaves black pepper

synthi pipali to fight against corona by increasing immunity it shows how

medicinal plants are important to us The kind of misery people faced to have

vegetables showed us the importance of kitchen garden Yeah all of us can

have our kitchen garden window garden Terrace garden or vertical garden

notonly for decoration butalso for our own consumption This outbreak makes

us alarmed to go for gardening in a small area for our own We can grow leafy

vegetables like amaranthus spinach corriander and medicinal plants like tulsi

in our home That makes us productive during lockdown and we can avail fresh

healthy vegetables anytime For the farming community out there Corona

certainly brought a loss to you but it also showed you the practical implications

of integrated farming system(IFS) To all the respected farmers its not late you

can go for IFS now too

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-55

How IFS will help

You can switch from crop to crop as per the demand of society eg

during lockdown we found many farmers had to bear loss because of

huge production but less marketing of certain crops like watermelon

bananas In such crisis time we should go for some short time crops like

spinach amaranthus radish that will bring good income

Secondly diversification brings more sources of income like those who

just do paddy are at great loss than the

one who does mushroom as well

Mushroom is easily and fast grown

agricultural product

Thirdly for the farmwomen

be the true partner of your husband

in this crisis time Go for post

harvest management and processing

of excess produce and reap the

benefits eg banana chips tomato

ketchup sauce pickles etc

Hence corona outbreak and post

lockdown situation will be a beginning of a new era and all of us should be well

prepared for it Because struggling for existence is the bitter truth of nature Opt

for the right method to bring about right changes in the right time

Richa Mishra Msc (Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-56

Upasana Mohapatra

Though India is one of the fastest growing economies in the

world the challenges and the problems faced by Indian

economy lower its growth rateHuge dependence of

population on agriculture and low level of science and

technology are the major concerned areas for boosting the

economy growth rate Recent development in science and

technology can modernise the agriculture for improving the

crop productivity and also uplift the rate of industrial

production Biotechnology is the recent trend in science

and technology which can be used as the key to these

basic problems of agriculture its allied sectors and the industry as well

Biotechnology

Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and

technology According to US National Science Foundation - It is the controlled

use of biological agents such as microorganisms or cellular components for

beneficial useacute Thus biotechnology is an integrated application of knowledge

and technique to draw benefits from properties and capacities of

microorganisms and animals and plants

Biotechnology can be classified as

1) Red Biotechnology or Medical biotechnology- biotechnology used for

production of biopharmaceuticals like recombinant protein enzymes vaccines

and antibiotics

2) White biotechnology or Industrial biotechnology- biotechnology used for

industrial production

3) Green biotechnology or Agricultural biotechnology- biotechnology used

for crop improvement in agriculture

4) Blue biotechnology or Marine biotechnology- biotechnology used for

marine and aquatic applications

Biotechnology ndash A Way to uplift

Indian Economy

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-57

The development of these sectors of biotechnology can lead the way towards

improving economy

Biotechnology in Medical Science

The companies involved in medical biotechnology do

the work on protein purification molecular cloning

and expression of native and synthetic genes

They also offer polyclonal and monoclonal

antibody development and formulation of

certain types of vaccines The in-house

expertise in recombinant DNA technology and

development of cell lines for recombinant

product synthesis improve the production of

drugs and vaccines in medical science which in

succession push the Indian economy Some of

the companies in medical science are Shantha

Biotech Ranbaxy Laboratories and Dr Reddyrsquos

Laboratory (DRL)

Biotechnology in Industry

The bio-manufacturing strategies such as Fermentation technology can catalyse

the production of biopharmaceuticals alcohols foods biofertilizers and

biofuels The production of these products in industrial scale should be

supported through new policies for raising the Indian economy

Biotechnology in marine Science

The major focussed areas in marine science are semi intensive prawn culture

intensive carp culture feed and seed production disease diagnosis and vaccine

development bioactive compounds like biopigments from cyanobacteria

biotransformation of secondary metabolites and

bioprospectingmicrometabolites from marine organisms including

microorganisms see weeds extremophiles bioremediation The

commercialisation of the products and the process in marine biotechnology can

be an useful stategy for development of economic growth rate in India

Biotechnology in Agriculture

Biotechnology can drive the agriculture in a faster speed as it shortens

the breeding cycle of some crops helps in large-scale plant clonal propagation

produces genetically variable crops like virus-free plants disease resistant

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-58

plants herbicide resistant plants insect resistant plant regeneration of forests

(teak eucalyptus sandalwood tamarind rubber and oil palm commercial

production of secondary metabolites from the medicinal and aromatic plants

Also theseed companies like Mahyco Indo-American Hybrid Seed

expanding their RampD to cover biotechnology to develop their own transgenic

crops Some of smaller companies have started employing techniques such as

tissue culture for their breeding programmes for crop improvement

Biotechnology can be a cause in a second Green Revolution with

tremendous opportunities to ensure food security along with the economic well-

being of the farmer Approval of Bt Cotton cultivation in India helps in the

increament of cotton yield and increase the production of textile industry which

supports the Indian economy in great extent

Challenges of Biotechnology in India

If physics and chemistry drove the industrial transformations of the twentieth

century biology promises to generate ground breaking technological

applications in the present one which is the biotechnology Though India has a

separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) state universities research

institute to propagate research in transgenic plants and its cultivation in India

the bioethics and the environmental issues check the growth of biotechnology

and its further application in different sectors including Agriculture food

science marine science and industrial production The attitude toward

transgenics GMOs and the biotechnology should be changed before using this

technology in different sectors of India As a result there will be a harmony in

the utilisation of biotechnology and acceptance of its products in the society

which will lead to an accelerated development of Indian economy

PhD Scholar University of Agricultural

Sciences GKVK Bengaluru

Email id- upasanaprangya92gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-59

Integrated disease management

A boon to sustainable Agriculture

Integrated disease management (IDM) can be referred to

as the cumulative use of various plant disease control

methods like cultural mechanical biological host

resistance or genetic methods along with sparse use of

chemical pesticidesIt is an environment friendly approach

which takes into account the need-base use of chemical

pesticides rather than exploiting the nature with the

toxicity of the same The ultimate objective of IDM is to

bring down the pathogen population below the economic

threshold level

IDM is a wise integration of

- Cultural or mechanical control

- Biological control

- Host resistance

- Chemical control

Cultural Control

It is the most feasible method of control as it can be easily accessible to any

common man Cultural or mechanical method of control takes into account

manipulation and management of environment condition making it unsuitable

for the pathogen to grow and perpetuate on the host plant It includes methods

like crop rotation field sanitation proper irrigation aeration of soil optimum

spacing manipulation of sowing and harvesting dates etc

Biological Control

It refers to use of living organisms to reduce the inoculum density or disease-

causing activities of the pathogensparasites

Host-resistance

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-60

It refers to the cultivation of resistant cultivars to combat disease incidences It

is the inherent character of the plant which has certainly no side effects on the

environment

Chemical control

In IDM chemical control is meant to be the least used method so as to reduce

the adverse impact on the environment It involves need base and seldom use of

chemical pesticides

IDM in India

India having an agrarian economy agriculture acts as the primary source of

living for about 60 of the countryrsquos population Crop loss due to diseases can

go upto 40-50 which is a huge pie of the cake In the era of the

modernization incurring adverse effect on the environment it is the need of the

time to protect our mother nature Minimal use of chemical and exploitation of

the other methods which are environment friendly is the key to survival But the

success of IDM implementation is based on the socio-economic and educational

status of the farmers of the country Proper utilization of the IDM strategy

requires a pre-requisite knowledge on the methods and their implications Lack

of awareness and knowledge on this aspect makes IDM less popular and the

farmers continue to use the conventional plant protection methods with

extensive use of chemical

Future prospects

Plant health clinics should be popularized in order to counselthe farmers and the

commoners regarding the knows and hows of IDM IDM can lead us towards a

more sustainable and stable form of agriculture if practiced appropriately

Sushree Suparna Mahapatra Department of

Plant Pathology

Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology

Gmail - mahapatrasushree9gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-61

Agriculture being the sole

supplier of human food is the largest

industry and major land use sector on

the globe Indian agriculture became self sustainable after the era of green

revolution during 1960s In the recent data proposed by the ldquoMinistry of

Agriculture and Farmers Welfarerdquo the agricultural production is around 59569

MT in 2018-19 cropping year The youth dominated country India can achieve

the remarkable production due to emerging entrepreneurial activities in

agriindustry The farmers field is not consider as the producer of food but as a

source of income for the farmer Indiarsquos economy is principally dominated by

agriculture with more than 60 population depending on it for their livelyhood

Agriculture entrepreneurship or agri-preneurship is a concept of latest origin It

is the entrepreneurial process taken up in agriculture or the allied sectors

Agriculture frames the foundation of the countrys economy It is a process of

adopting the new methods processes techniques in agriculture or allied sectors

of agriculture for better output and economic earnings

Agricutural Entrepreneurship

Opportunities and Challenges

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-62

Need of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Over the period of time from independence till date the GDP contribution

declines from 519 in 1950-51 to 1587 in 2018-19 With repect to the

agricultural production India stands second but as far as the export is concerned

the rank is 14th in the world It was also observed that our countriersquos average

production per hectare is only half of the worldrsquos average Various other areas

viz local availability of agri and horticultural produces lesser investment to

start small scale industries government sponsorship and encouragements

employment oppertunities and check migration of rural youth to urban areas

etc provides a vast scope for agricultural entreprenureship Hence from the

above facts and figures it can be concluded that there is a clear need for

agriprenureship development in this sectors for strengthening the demanad and

production gap infrastructure development supporting faster agricultural

development promoting value addition and preservation creating employment

doubling farmers income and minimizing the challenges faced due to economic

leberalization and globalization etc

Oppertunities for Agricultural Entrepreneurship

There is a popular saying

ldquoThe thing not found in India

can never be found in the universerdquo

(Jaha Nahi Bharate Taha nahi Jagate)

It means India is the rich source of all the amenities and services With

the proper utilization farmer can able to produce the food grains There are

various critical areas in agriculture sector from the farmer to the food till reach

in consumerrsquos plate like input stage farming stage value chain output

processing marketing and various related services India is blessed with varied

agroclimatic diversity and can produce a wide range of produce Presently the

scope and oppertunity of agripreneural activity is increasing as a result of

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-63

globalization and more interconnected world market Few of the agripreneural

activities are discussed below

(i) Input Sector-

The agricultural processes needs a wide range of inputs like seeds

fertilizers pesticides innovative localized and cost effective tools and

techniques There are very promising way forward in sectors like biofertilizers

biopesticides vermicomposting soil amending and testing and R and D in seed

production

(ii) Farming Sector-

The important advisory and recently developed technology and materials

(variety implements fertilizers etc) can be used to enhance the production

Various farming enterprises viz horticultural enterprise organic farming

poultry farming mushroom cultivation Hi-tech farming green house

cultivation vertical faming etc could be a new venture to gain momentum in

agripreneurship

(iii) Value Chain-

Supply chain is the vital platform to help farmers in supplying the

produce from the field to plate Hence intermediaries online web portals e-

marketing can be a good area to look at an entrepreneur

(iv) Processing Sector-

Approximately 30 of the produce produced are lost in the agricultural

sector which can be reduced if properly proceesd and preserved hence this

sector needs entrepreneurial intervention

(v) Marketing Sector-

The highly perishable agricultural commodities needs a very well

organised marketing frame work in the country and outside hence the

agripreneurs must have a eye on this

(vi) Agricultural Services Sector-

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-64

The various farm servises like availability of labour cropping

information weather forecasting insect pest and disease monitoring are very

much essential servises and should be deseminated in proper time hence have a

good scope for agri-entreprenures

Though huge potential for agripreneurship some important challenge

obstruct the path which needs timely and critically varification and correction

Challenges of Aricultural Entrepreneurship

The major challenges are inadequate infrastructure lack of

entrepreneurial culture migration of the rural farmer and skilled labourer to

urban areas poor technological and equipmental intervention inadiquate and

improper supply of inputs problem in marketing of the agricultural produce

produced uneven demand interventions of middle man inadiquate institutional

measures and government policies fragmented land holdings deteriorating

natural resourses and the natural calamities pose a serious hindrance on

agripreneurial activities The entrepreneur should mentally stable enough to

countercat those to achive the most

Conclusion

It is very much clear from the foregoing discussion that the agricultural

entrepreneurship have a wide potential for the upcoming entrepreneurs

However the constraints and challenges should be considered before jumping to

the agriprenurial activity as stated in a old saying

ldquoDo farming to get 100 profit

or do it for atleast 10 investmentrdquo

So at the end it can be concluded that the profit and sustanability both

should be the outlook for an agrientreprenure

Subhrajyoti Mishra PhD Research Scholar Department of Horticultuee

College of Horticulture JAU Junagadh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-65

Ordinance on Contract farming

Odisha Governmentrsquos vision for

Expansion amp Intensification

Odisha is an agricultural state with about 74 of its rural

workforce relying upon agriculture with a marginal small

land holding also out of which more than 50 are below

poverty line This fragmented land holdings have become the major barrier

before the farmers to expand their farming activities of investments as well as

technological advancements Even many of them are devoid of the lift-irrigation

facility under water stress conditions The government intervention with

measures like MSP Subsidy and loan waivers have only managed to save the

farmers from economic crisis but there is very few measures taken so far like

formation of FPOs and cooperative farming which would have increased the

farmerrsquos capacity productivity and economic status practically

In view to this capacity amp productivity expansion government of Odisha

recently promulgated an Ordinance on Contract farming Where it has made

legal provisions for corporate interventions in agricultural sector of Odisha

through contract farming which means the corporates can take on the lands on

lease or make contracts for the large scale specialized farming The government

has clarified this decision as being made to bring the fragmented land under one

management to optimize resource productivity amp also to encourage agricultural

exports of the state Though the government made mandates to safe guard the

farmersrsquo right on land as well as restricting the sponsor not to realize the

advances given to farmers by sales or mortgage of lands but only against the

produced commodity

The formulated laws amp amendments being structured and written so-well need

to be implemented as-well The ordinance any-how brings opportunity for the

state amp corporates it must take our farmers beside giving them a part in the

whole production process with a good extra-income rather than treating them

only as land owners

Jagadananda Pradhan

Editorial member Shyamala Subarna

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ugravecucirc -9438467079 6370236649

Augravecf- dshuvam97gmailcom

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The present day Agriculture scenario of India urges upon us to

bring a paradigm shift in the conventional Agriculture production

systems There should be a comprehensive approach in

reframing the present Agricultural structure thus including all

latest aspects of crop production and protection emphasizing on

zero budget natural farming by introduction of biofertilizers and

biopesticides can be the holistic alternative to todays high cost

chemical input based agriculture- which in my opinion is the

current need of the hour

Epsita swain Technical officer (Plant Pathology)

Dir Plant Protection Quarantine amp Storage GOI

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ugravejucircA_ucirceograveaouml

_acirc`ecircfauml Kecirccucirce ugravejucircZucirc ugraveLucirciexclucirceth

To ensure safe affordable amp enough food and overcome

farmersrsquo challenges around low productivity amp income it is

critical to transform Indian agriculture One of the key

priorities of the government is doubling farmersrsquo

incomesSuccess will depend on how farmers are

aggregated for production and marketing promotion of

contract farming cluster farming farmer producer

organizations and self-help groupsIndia needs a five-point

program that addresses agrarian challenges and brings

together various ongoing programs under one umbrella

Soumya sthitapragyanphd scholar ouat

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Pyumlucirchuacute _ucircAntilde _ugrave

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-41

Agriculture Education

I myself had been

born and grown in

an urban area and

my first contact

with farming was

at university level during graduation

I was really surprised one day when

one of my close relative said that he

is unaware of the

agricultural course

that I was doing I

strongly believe that there is lack of

knowledge about the career

opportunities in agriculture sector

among the parents as well as the

students which results in choose of

engineering or medical courses

Many people think that farmers raise

crops and livestock to feed their own

families but they donrsquot realize that

because of these farmers only we are

eating thrice a day even during

locked down period However farms

today are specialized they do not

look like those in childrenrsquos books

Farming became hi-tech Most of the

farmers started using iPads laptops

drones and many more Some of

them have higher education like

diploma or Bachelorrsquos degree or

training certificate It is challenging

for any agricultural professor to

have a debate with an experienced

farmer

With a rapidly increasing

population and a demand to feed 96

billion people by the year 2050 the

world needs passionate youth who

are willing to make a commitment in

farming Therefore there is a need

toinspire young people by

showcasing stories about

peopleincluding some of the

software employees who have

successfully

launched

agribusiness start-

ups We saw many messages from

aspiring youth entrepreneurs who

are succeeded in agriculture

industries

Agricultural education program

must be established in urban schools

which could play a crucial role in

increasing the involvement of

students from high school level in

farming Innovative agriculture

projects assignments to be given for

the school students this leads to

develop agriculturally

knowledgeable students who can

succeed during their higher

education research

Mr N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Assistant Professor

Genetics and Plant Breeding

Centurion University

Paralakhemundi

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-42

Croprsquos

Paradise

Monsoon

Pujyasmita Nayak

Monsoon

is the seasonal

reversing wind

accompanied by

corresponding

changes in atmospheric circulation

and precipitation associated with the

asymmetric heating of land and sea

Monsoon signifies the directional

shifting of winds from one to other

season They flow from sea to land

during summer and from land to sea

during winter Monsoons are

seasonal winds which reverse their

direction with the change of season

India receives Southwest monsoon

winds in summer and northeast

monsoon in winter About 54 of

worldrsquos population depends on

monsoon rain for their crop

Usually Indian

meteorological Department (IMD)

releases long range or seasonal

forecast for Southwest monsoon in

two stage process 1st forecast is in

middle of April and 2nd

is issued in

1st week of June

In this

difficult time

of corona

pandemic

situation the only good

news about the Indian monsoon is

this year will have a normal

monsoon Quantitatively the

monsoon rainfall in 2020 is expected

to be 100 of its long period

Average (LPA) with a model error

of +_ 5 Usually we tell it normal

when probability of rainfall LPA is

between 96-104 This LPA is

calculated based on the average

rainfall over years 1961 to 2000 in

country as a whole According to

LPA Indiarsquos seasonal rain fall is

88cm and this year the forecast

probability is 41 So there is a high

probability of monsoon is likely to

be normal The above normal it is

104-110 of LPA with forecast

probability is 21 for excess gt110

LPA with forecast probability is 9

below normal 92-96 LPA with

forecast probability is 20 and

deficient rain with forecast

probability is 9 which will have

large adverse affect on agriculture

and allied sectors

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-43

As we are aware that IMD use

both statistical and dynamical model

for preparing monsoon forecast The

sufficient forecast is however based

on statistical model and dynamical

model prediction gave a very high

probability for monsoon to be above

normal to excess and almost 70

probability of monsoon rainfall ie

gt104 The main reason of showing

more probability of dynamical

model is due to the model is

predicting a kind of evolution to La

Nina phase in the eastern parts of

Pacific Ocean IMD continuously

monitoring the position of EL Nino

or southern oscillation because

ENSO EL Nino La Nina condition

have a direct impact on monsoon

rainfall of India

From other models it is

concluded that ENSO is in a neutral

phase between EL Nino and

southern oscillation however by the

end of 2nd

half of monsoon season is

likely to be possibility of La Nina

phase As per information of normal

monsoon it will be helpful for

agriculture sector for better crop

yield and also economic growth of

our country It is expected to be

monsoon rainfall of India for 2020 is

102 in between June to September

North India is likely to receive

above normal rainfall

Monsoon onset for Kerala is

declared in 1st June Monsoon is a

part of south west wind and itrsquos an

important factor for declaration of

Southwest monsoon According to

criteria of IMD Southwest wind

should be strong at west of Kerala

and south Arabian sea ie at least

15-20 nuts and the vertical depth

should be 4-5km which is satisfied

the current year of arrived monsoon

in 1st June Radar system in coast is

useful that the winds recorded from

radar is the prevailing strong south

westerly wind and the detected

convective clouds from satellite is

persistent over south east Arabian

seas and Kerala coast Due to this

rainfall recorded in Kerala is

widespread in 30th

and 31st of may

and more than 80 of reported

rainfall gt25mm As per the record

of heavy to heavy rainfall in Kerala

in a day especially in Kozhikode

district 9cm And Trivandrum 6cm of

rainfall

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-44

Arriving of monsoon is in Assam

AP and KN in India is 5th of June

Odisha West bengal Maharashtra

Telangana in 10th June

Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Bihar in

15th June Gujarat Western part of

UP and MP UK in 20th

June

Himachal pradesh Jammu

ampKashmir in 25th June Punjab

Haryana Rajasthan in 30th

June

This year monsoon is

started in the time when the country

is affected by the novel corona virus

According to scientists monsoon

rainfall cannot able to minimize the

spreading of virus and due to low

humidity there is a possibility of

wide spread

And only piece of good news for the

Indian economy which is battling

the COVID-19 and its aftereffects of

gloomy scenario India is likely to

have a normal monsoon this year It

is crucial to rice wheat sugarcane

and oilseeds cultivation in the

country where farming accounts for

about 15 per cent of the economy

and employs over half of its people

However over extreme northwest

India the monsoon arrives now little

earlier on July 8 compared to the

existing date of July 15

For Kharif Crop Outlook

from Monsoon update

farmers are expecting

sowing of the Kharif

commodities to be

higher than the previous

year Sentimentally this

forecast is expected to bring

bearish trend in the prices of

the Kharif commodities such as

Soybean Cotton Castor Seed and

Turmeric Mentha Oil and

Cardamom could also witness

pressure in the coming weeks as

well with positive monsoon reportsrdquo

Msc(Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-45

The term ldquoterrace gardenrdquo

can refer to a garden

which is established on a

terrace roof or patio

usually in a house where

there is limited gardening

space These types of

gardens are especially popular in urban areas and they are sometimes used

in restaurants and other establishments as well Availability of space is an

important consideration for terrace farming It must be ensured that the

terrace receives ample sunlight If there are areas where the sun is too harsh

you can cover them with a shade or opt-out of placing your plants there

Baskets growbags or even an artificial lawn can be used on the surface of the

terrace If you are looking for an economical terrace garden growbags are a

better option but make sure that the bottom of these bags is waterproofed to

avoid any leakage into the home Some vegetables that can be grown easily are

beans tomatoes chillies herbs leafy vegetables and brinjals If larger space is

available you could try climbers and root vegetables

If the terrace is strong with ample space then different fruit-bearing trees can be

cultivated by carrying out efficient training and prunning but always opt for

indigenous seeds when doing so lsquoDesirsquo seeds can withstand any climatic

Terrace Gardening

A Step towards

sustainalble life

Miss Pragnya Paramita

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-46

condition and give you a better harvest Moreover they are easily available in

the market

Making your own soil is crucial for terrace gardening This mix should ideally

consist of regular soil compost coir peatsand and

vermicompost in equal quantities Its

important to add the mix to the soil weekly

because the nutrients have a tendency of

washing away during watering and also

rain Eventually you can create your

own compost and even make fertilisers

and pesticides from the gardenrsquos

vegetable and fruit waste Watering

plants twice a day keeps them

hydrated especially during the

summers

Patience is Key Experts have repeatedly said that patience is keyTerrace gardening is no rocket

science itrsquos all about the effort and the care you put into your cultivation For

first-time gardeners it may be very difficult to go through the initial period of

waiting Therersquos a high tendency to give up but the joy of eating a homegrown

vegetable or fruit is something else If much time and effort is put into the

garden then you will get more than what you asked for

Sourcing your soil seeds and other material from local farmers can really bring

down your expenses With an initial investment of Rs 3000 anyone can set up

their terrace garden Most of the things required can be sourced easily from

nurseries and other organic farms at economical prices

All such factors make terrace farming a small but powerful tool towards

cultivating a sustainable lifestyle It will make us more close to the nature and

help us tackle any scarcity situations in the future It will also serve as an

efficient means of providing the younger generations with a broadened outlook

towards where their food comes from

Feature Head (Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-47

DrSahadevarsquos expertise is in crop

husbandry watershed management

plant protection and horticulture He has

nearly 30 years experience in teaching

research consultancy and the provision

of agricultural extension servicesHe has

worked at the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Department of Agriculture Cooperation

amp Farmers Welfare Ministry of

Agriculture and the Planning

Commission of India DrSahadeva was

the Director (Academic) at the School of

Agricultural Sciences Jaipur National

University in Rajasthan He has earned a

PhD and MSc in agronomy from the

prestigious Indian Agricultural Research

Institute (IARI) and BSc (Agriculture

and Animal Husbandry) from CS Azad

University of Agriculture amp Technology

Agriculture is the main stay of Indian economy and various initiatives are

being taken up in order to bring about a country wide revolution in it Though

a lot of money gets sanctioned to the agriculture sector in every budget and

numerous beneficial schemes are

cooked for alleviating the

farmersrsquo condition but still

everyday in newspapers in

media we come across the

plight of farmers and how mass

migration from villages to cities

is taking place at a faster rate

Majority of people donrsquot want to

take up farming as a

profession Even a farmer

himself prefers his own progeny

to be a job holder rather than a

farmer So in order to shade

some light on these situations

we interviewed Dr Sahadeva

Singh Associate dean School

of Agricultural Sciences G D

Goenka University New Delhi

ldquoStreamlined linkage between

all the sphere of agriculture

and the farmer is the need of

the hourrdquo

- Dr Sahadeva Singh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-48

Special Interview

SHYAMALA

SUBARNA

Q How far the initiatives taken up by the Government of India have

proved beneficial for the farmers of our country

AThe government has been quite proactive to provide help to the farmers by

way of capital subsidy quality inputs and technical support Implementation of

several schemes such as RKVY NHM etc are being done for their betterment

Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi initiative farmers will get up to

6000 rupees per year as minimum income support deposited in their accounts

directly ICAR State Agriculture Universities Krishi Vikash Kendras National

Seed Corporations and various other government institutions are working for

improvement of the agriculture sector

Q So why do you think that the

farmers of our country are still

backward and unable to reap the

benefits What strategies are we lacking

in

The missing link has been the inability to create a proper streamlined linkage

between the government research extension industry and farmer ICAR which

is the apex body for agricultural research has no legislative powers which it

from making laws when needed Only 5 of the total agricultural budget is

allotted to ICAR of carrying out numerous functions So proper extension

machinery couldnrsquot be enforced and farmers get backward in application of

improved technicalities Also proper marketing structure and abolition of

middlemen for increasing farmerrsquos profit couldnrsquot be done till now

Q What strategies should be implemented in order to bring about the

efficient utilisation of resources for agriculture

Establishment of a central agriculture service can provide an effective linkage

between the farmer and the technical institutions as well the government

Shifting of agriculture from the state list to the concurrent list and providing

ICAR with legislative powers and more funding will help in smooth

implementation of research in the farmersrsquo field The strengthening of the

extension machinery and more demand based research will help to bring about

major beneficial changes The small and the marginal farmers should be able to

club their lands legally cultivate on it and divide the income according to their

percent share in the land Reorganisation of the entire setup of agriculture

marketing decreasing the interference of middle men traceability of the

farmersrsquo produce by the customers and capability of the farmer to establish his

own outlets are some important solutions

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-49

Q How can the youth of our country be made more involved in agriculture

and be able to take up farming as a profession

They can be sensitize about the importance of agriculture from a younger age

by including agriculture in the course syllabus Professional courses such as

medical ayurveda food processing should have at least one course of

agriculture from the view of food quality nutrition and medicinal value

Agriculture graduates

should be provided

with industrial

attachment which

improves their skill

and employability

Their innovations

and start-ups should

be funded and they

should be provided

subsidies if they take

up farming as a

profession

Vocational training

for dropout graduates will also be helpful for increasing resource personnel

Q Lastly Sir what do you feel our magazine Shymala Subarna can do

more to be beneficial to the farming society

Shymala Subarna is doing outstanding work and what is more amazing about it

is that it is a student initiative which has been able to create a space for itself

Itrsquos work was praised by the agricultural community and deserves to be

rewarded I wish it keeps on growing and keeping the same standard for years to

come

Interview taken by ndash

Miss Pragnya Paramita Feature Head

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-50

Rishikesh Sahoo

Secondary agriculture assumes

prominence with the announcement

of the goal of doubling farmersrsquo

incomesThe term lsquosecondaryrsquo has a

bearing on climate change

adaptation and its mitigation small

farm viability and profitability food

security nutrition sustainable utilisation

of natural resources and optimal usage of produce from primary

agriculture and farm incomesIn other words promoting secondary

agriculture has implications on attaining sustainable development goals

which aim to connect primary secondary and tertiary sectors by using idle

factors of production such as land and labourmdashcontributing to primary

agriculture production capturing lsquovaluersquo in primary agricultural activities

and generating additional income at the enterprise level

Secondary agriculture is a production activity at enterprise or farm level and it

devised a four-fold strategyIt has drawn attention of development

professionals agribusiness academics and experts and policymaking bodies

Secondary agriculture as is defined can help drive the growth of primary

agriculture and three avenues have been identified that adequately help utilise

capital human resources technology organisational capabilities and risk

management

Secondary

Agriculture

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-51

Type A Value-addition to primary agriculture production systems-

Itcan be achieved by improving livelihood enhancement action plans that are

implemented by community-based organisations Linking farmers with the

market through aggregation andgrading of agricultural produce can help them in

value enhancement and appropriation Collectivisations cluster farming

financial literacy marketing skills are important to build this avenue

Type B Alternative enterprises but linked to rural off-farm activities-

Itrsquos based on utilisation of alternative enterprises to primary agriculture but is

associated with rural off-farm activities like poultry bee-keeping duck farming

and livestock management are off-farm enterprises that can be promoted as part

of integrated farming system Integrated farming can hedge farm risk in the

period of crop failure and even ease out the seasonality in the stream of cash

flows

Type C Enterprises that thrive on crop residues and waste materials of

primary agriculture-

These are such enterprises that strive on crop residues or by-products of

primary agriculture For example after recovering sugar from cane cane can be

used as bagasse for molasses production Similarly cotton stalk and seed (after

ginning) can be used for de-oiled cake preparation or utilised in the secondary

and tertiary sector

To promote agricultural entrepreneurship or agricultural enterprises there is

recognition of priority sector status for institutional credit low-cost skilling and

knowledge-based exposure of farm communities specialised extension services

for enterprises owned by females priority under rural electrification objectives

fast-track procedures to avail benefits under the ongoing central sector schemes

and label geographical indicators to products of village-scale secondary

agricultureAgribusiness incubation and acceleration if made marketable can

benefit farm communities and appropriate market linkages can improve

farmersrsquo realisations through collectivisation However a concerted effort at

both policy and implementation levels at the Centre and states is necessary to

attain this goal

Btech Agriculture (4th

year)

CUTM Gajapati Odisha

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-52

Sericulture is an agro-based industry It involves rearing of silkworms for

the production of raw silk which is the yarn obtained out of cocoons spun

by certain species of insects

Cultivation to feed the silkworms that spin silk cocoons and reeling the cocoons

to unwind the silk filament for value added advantages like process and

weaving are the major activities of sericulture Silk has been blended with the

life and culture of the Indians India is the second largest producer of silk within

the globe Among the four kinds of silk created in 2015-16 Mulberry accounts

for 718 (20434 MT) Tasar 99 (2818 MT) Eri 178 (5054 MT) and

Muga 06 (166 MT) of the total raw silk production of 28472 MTMulberry

sericulture is principally practised in 5 states ie Karnataka Andhra Pradesh

Assam and Bodoland West Bengal Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are major silk

producing states in the country North East has the distinctive distinction of

being the sole region manufacturing four kinds of silk like Mulberry Oak Tasar

Muga and Eri Overall NE region contributes eighteen of Indias total silk

production

ADVANTAGES

High employment potential60 lakh persons are engaged in various

sericulture activities in the countryItIt is calculable that Sericulture can

generate employment 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in

Sericulture ndash An

Introduction

Soumya Sthitapragnya

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-53

on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout the year This potential ispar-

excellence and no other business generates this type of employment

especially in rural areas hence sericulture is used as a tool for rural

reconstruction

Eco-friendly ActivityAs a perennial crop with good foliage and root-

spread mulberry contributes to conservation and provides green

coverWaste from silkworm rearing will be recycled as inputs to

gardenDried mulberry twigs and branches are used as fuel in place of

firewood and therefore reduce the pressure on

vegetationforestBeingBeing a labour intensive and predominantly agro-

based activity involvement of smoke-emitting machinery is

minimalDevelopmental programmes initiated for mulberry plantation are

mainly in upland areas where un-used cultivable land is made

productiveIntercropping can also be done with numerous

plantationsBeing a deep-rooted perennial plant it can be raised in vacant

lands hill slopes and watershed areasCurrently only concerning 01

of the cultivable land in the country is beneath mulberry cultivation

Women friendly Occupation Women constitutes over hour of those

employed in down-stream activities of sericulture in the country This is

the result of sericulture activities ranging from mulberry garden

management leaf harvesting and silkworm rearing is more effectively

taken up by the women folks Even silk reeling business together with

weaving is largely supported by them

Low Gestation High Returns Estimated investments of Rs12000 to

15000 (excluding cost of land and rearing space) is adequate for

undertaking mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing in one acre of

irrigated landIt takes only six months for mulberry to grow for

commencement of silkworm rearing Once planted it will go on

supporting silkworm rearing year after year for 15-20 years depending on

inputs and management providedFive crops can be taken in one year

under tropical conditionsBy adopting stipulated package of practices a

farmer can attain net income levels up to Rs30000 per acre per annum

PhD scholar Entomology OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-54

Post Corona Era ndash

Sustainability the only

way out

The COVID-19 pandemic and

the global economic crisis has

brought some new ideas

ideologies and habits into the

limelight Is everything going to

be normal after lockdown No

never It will take 4-5 quarters to

normalise the financial situation So now the

question arises how to combat with it Yes certainly

there are ways After all need is the mother of invention Hence in this time of

need we all have to work towards betterment of the earth This lockdown has

certainly taught everyone that health is the most important thing and food and

agricultural products are the most essential items As ministry of AYUSH

suggested to take some ayurvedic products eg tulsi(basil) leaves black pepper

synthi pipali to fight against corona by increasing immunity it shows how

medicinal plants are important to us The kind of misery people faced to have

vegetables showed us the importance of kitchen garden Yeah all of us can

have our kitchen garden window garden Terrace garden or vertical garden

notonly for decoration butalso for our own consumption This outbreak makes

us alarmed to go for gardening in a small area for our own We can grow leafy

vegetables like amaranthus spinach corriander and medicinal plants like tulsi

in our home That makes us productive during lockdown and we can avail fresh

healthy vegetables anytime For the farming community out there Corona

certainly brought a loss to you but it also showed you the practical implications

of integrated farming system(IFS) To all the respected farmers its not late you

can go for IFS now too

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-55

How IFS will help

You can switch from crop to crop as per the demand of society eg

during lockdown we found many farmers had to bear loss because of

huge production but less marketing of certain crops like watermelon

bananas In such crisis time we should go for some short time crops like

spinach amaranthus radish that will bring good income

Secondly diversification brings more sources of income like those who

just do paddy are at great loss than the

one who does mushroom as well

Mushroom is easily and fast grown

agricultural product

Thirdly for the farmwomen

be the true partner of your husband

in this crisis time Go for post

harvest management and processing

of excess produce and reap the

benefits eg banana chips tomato

ketchup sauce pickles etc

Hence corona outbreak and post

lockdown situation will be a beginning of a new era and all of us should be well

prepared for it Because struggling for existence is the bitter truth of nature Opt

for the right method to bring about right changes in the right time

Richa Mishra Msc (Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-56

Upasana Mohapatra

Though India is one of the fastest growing economies in the

world the challenges and the problems faced by Indian

economy lower its growth rateHuge dependence of

population on agriculture and low level of science and

technology are the major concerned areas for boosting the

economy growth rate Recent development in science and

technology can modernise the agriculture for improving the

crop productivity and also uplift the rate of industrial

production Biotechnology is the recent trend in science

and technology which can be used as the key to these

basic problems of agriculture its allied sectors and the industry as well

Biotechnology

Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and

technology According to US National Science Foundation - It is the controlled

use of biological agents such as microorganisms or cellular components for

beneficial useacute Thus biotechnology is an integrated application of knowledge

and technique to draw benefits from properties and capacities of

microorganisms and animals and plants

Biotechnology can be classified as

1) Red Biotechnology or Medical biotechnology- biotechnology used for

production of biopharmaceuticals like recombinant protein enzymes vaccines

and antibiotics

2) White biotechnology or Industrial biotechnology- biotechnology used for

industrial production

3) Green biotechnology or Agricultural biotechnology- biotechnology used

for crop improvement in agriculture

4) Blue biotechnology or Marine biotechnology- biotechnology used for

marine and aquatic applications

Biotechnology ndash A Way to uplift

Indian Economy

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-57

The development of these sectors of biotechnology can lead the way towards

improving economy

Biotechnology in Medical Science

The companies involved in medical biotechnology do

the work on protein purification molecular cloning

and expression of native and synthetic genes

They also offer polyclonal and monoclonal

antibody development and formulation of

certain types of vaccines The in-house

expertise in recombinant DNA technology and

development of cell lines for recombinant

product synthesis improve the production of

drugs and vaccines in medical science which in

succession push the Indian economy Some of

the companies in medical science are Shantha

Biotech Ranbaxy Laboratories and Dr Reddyrsquos

Laboratory (DRL)

Biotechnology in Industry

The bio-manufacturing strategies such as Fermentation technology can catalyse

the production of biopharmaceuticals alcohols foods biofertilizers and

biofuels The production of these products in industrial scale should be

supported through new policies for raising the Indian economy

Biotechnology in marine Science

The major focussed areas in marine science are semi intensive prawn culture

intensive carp culture feed and seed production disease diagnosis and vaccine

development bioactive compounds like biopigments from cyanobacteria

biotransformation of secondary metabolites and

bioprospectingmicrometabolites from marine organisms including

microorganisms see weeds extremophiles bioremediation The

commercialisation of the products and the process in marine biotechnology can

be an useful stategy for development of economic growth rate in India

Biotechnology in Agriculture

Biotechnology can drive the agriculture in a faster speed as it shortens

the breeding cycle of some crops helps in large-scale plant clonal propagation

produces genetically variable crops like virus-free plants disease resistant

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-58

plants herbicide resistant plants insect resistant plant regeneration of forests

(teak eucalyptus sandalwood tamarind rubber and oil palm commercial

production of secondary metabolites from the medicinal and aromatic plants

Also theseed companies like Mahyco Indo-American Hybrid Seed

expanding their RampD to cover biotechnology to develop their own transgenic

crops Some of smaller companies have started employing techniques such as

tissue culture for their breeding programmes for crop improvement

Biotechnology can be a cause in a second Green Revolution with

tremendous opportunities to ensure food security along with the economic well-

being of the farmer Approval of Bt Cotton cultivation in India helps in the

increament of cotton yield and increase the production of textile industry which

supports the Indian economy in great extent

Challenges of Biotechnology in India

If physics and chemistry drove the industrial transformations of the twentieth

century biology promises to generate ground breaking technological

applications in the present one which is the biotechnology Though India has a

separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) state universities research

institute to propagate research in transgenic plants and its cultivation in India

the bioethics and the environmental issues check the growth of biotechnology

and its further application in different sectors including Agriculture food

science marine science and industrial production The attitude toward

transgenics GMOs and the biotechnology should be changed before using this

technology in different sectors of India As a result there will be a harmony in

the utilisation of biotechnology and acceptance of its products in the society

which will lead to an accelerated development of Indian economy

PhD Scholar University of Agricultural

Sciences GKVK Bengaluru

Email id- upasanaprangya92gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-59

Integrated disease management

A boon to sustainable Agriculture

Integrated disease management (IDM) can be referred to

as the cumulative use of various plant disease control

methods like cultural mechanical biological host

resistance or genetic methods along with sparse use of

chemical pesticidesIt is an environment friendly approach

which takes into account the need-base use of chemical

pesticides rather than exploiting the nature with the

toxicity of the same The ultimate objective of IDM is to

bring down the pathogen population below the economic

threshold level

IDM is a wise integration of

- Cultural or mechanical control

- Biological control

- Host resistance

- Chemical control

Cultural Control

It is the most feasible method of control as it can be easily accessible to any

common man Cultural or mechanical method of control takes into account

manipulation and management of environment condition making it unsuitable

for the pathogen to grow and perpetuate on the host plant It includes methods

like crop rotation field sanitation proper irrigation aeration of soil optimum

spacing manipulation of sowing and harvesting dates etc

Biological Control

It refers to use of living organisms to reduce the inoculum density or disease-

causing activities of the pathogensparasites

Host-resistance

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-60

It refers to the cultivation of resistant cultivars to combat disease incidences It

is the inherent character of the plant which has certainly no side effects on the

environment

Chemical control

In IDM chemical control is meant to be the least used method so as to reduce

the adverse impact on the environment It involves need base and seldom use of

chemical pesticides

IDM in India

India having an agrarian economy agriculture acts as the primary source of

living for about 60 of the countryrsquos population Crop loss due to diseases can

go upto 40-50 which is a huge pie of the cake In the era of the

modernization incurring adverse effect on the environment it is the need of the

time to protect our mother nature Minimal use of chemical and exploitation of

the other methods which are environment friendly is the key to survival But the

success of IDM implementation is based on the socio-economic and educational

status of the farmers of the country Proper utilization of the IDM strategy

requires a pre-requisite knowledge on the methods and their implications Lack

of awareness and knowledge on this aspect makes IDM less popular and the

farmers continue to use the conventional plant protection methods with

extensive use of chemical

Future prospects

Plant health clinics should be popularized in order to counselthe farmers and the

commoners regarding the knows and hows of IDM IDM can lead us towards a

more sustainable and stable form of agriculture if practiced appropriately

Sushree Suparna Mahapatra Department of

Plant Pathology

Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology

Gmail - mahapatrasushree9gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-61

Agriculture being the sole

supplier of human food is the largest

industry and major land use sector on

the globe Indian agriculture became self sustainable after the era of green

revolution during 1960s In the recent data proposed by the ldquoMinistry of

Agriculture and Farmers Welfarerdquo the agricultural production is around 59569

MT in 2018-19 cropping year The youth dominated country India can achieve

the remarkable production due to emerging entrepreneurial activities in

agriindustry The farmers field is not consider as the producer of food but as a

source of income for the farmer Indiarsquos economy is principally dominated by

agriculture with more than 60 population depending on it for their livelyhood

Agriculture entrepreneurship or agri-preneurship is a concept of latest origin It

is the entrepreneurial process taken up in agriculture or the allied sectors

Agriculture frames the foundation of the countrys economy It is a process of

adopting the new methods processes techniques in agriculture or allied sectors

of agriculture for better output and economic earnings

Agricutural Entrepreneurship

Opportunities and Challenges

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-62

Need of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Over the period of time from independence till date the GDP contribution

declines from 519 in 1950-51 to 1587 in 2018-19 With repect to the

agricultural production India stands second but as far as the export is concerned

the rank is 14th in the world It was also observed that our countriersquos average

production per hectare is only half of the worldrsquos average Various other areas

viz local availability of agri and horticultural produces lesser investment to

start small scale industries government sponsorship and encouragements

employment oppertunities and check migration of rural youth to urban areas

etc provides a vast scope for agricultural entreprenureship Hence from the

above facts and figures it can be concluded that there is a clear need for

agriprenureship development in this sectors for strengthening the demanad and

production gap infrastructure development supporting faster agricultural

development promoting value addition and preservation creating employment

doubling farmers income and minimizing the challenges faced due to economic

leberalization and globalization etc

Oppertunities for Agricultural Entrepreneurship

There is a popular saying

ldquoThe thing not found in India

can never be found in the universerdquo

(Jaha Nahi Bharate Taha nahi Jagate)

It means India is the rich source of all the amenities and services With

the proper utilization farmer can able to produce the food grains There are

various critical areas in agriculture sector from the farmer to the food till reach

in consumerrsquos plate like input stage farming stage value chain output

processing marketing and various related services India is blessed with varied

agroclimatic diversity and can produce a wide range of produce Presently the

scope and oppertunity of agripreneural activity is increasing as a result of

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-63

globalization and more interconnected world market Few of the agripreneural

activities are discussed below

(i) Input Sector-

The agricultural processes needs a wide range of inputs like seeds

fertilizers pesticides innovative localized and cost effective tools and

techniques There are very promising way forward in sectors like biofertilizers

biopesticides vermicomposting soil amending and testing and R and D in seed

production

(ii) Farming Sector-

The important advisory and recently developed technology and materials

(variety implements fertilizers etc) can be used to enhance the production

Various farming enterprises viz horticultural enterprise organic farming

poultry farming mushroom cultivation Hi-tech farming green house

cultivation vertical faming etc could be a new venture to gain momentum in

agripreneurship

(iii) Value Chain-

Supply chain is the vital platform to help farmers in supplying the

produce from the field to plate Hence intermediaries online web portals e-

marketing can be a good area to look at an entrepreneur

(iv) Processing Sector-

Approximately 30 of the produce produced are lost in the agricultural

sector which can be reduced if properly proceesd and preserved hence this

sector needs entrepreneurial intervention

(v) Marketing Sector-

The highly perishable agricultural commodities needs a very well

organised marketing frame work in the country and outside hence the

agripreneurs must have a eye on this

(vi) Agricultural Services Sector-

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-64

The various farm servises like availability of labour cropping

information weather forecasting insect pest and disease monitoring are very

much essential servises and should be deseminated in proper time hence have a

good scope for agri-entreprenures

Though huge potential for agripreneurship some important challenge

obstruct the path which needs timely and critically varification and correction

Challenges of Aricultural Entrepreneurship

The major challenges are inadequate infrastructure lack of

entrepreneurial culture migration of the rural farmer and skilled labourer to

urban areas poor technological and equipmental intervention inadiquate and

improper supply of inputs problem in marketing of the agricultural produce

produced uneven demand interventions of middle man inadiquate institutional

measures and government policies fragmented land holdings deteriorating

natural resourses and the natural calamities pose a serious hindrance on

agripreneurial activities The entrepreneur should mentally stable enough to

countercat those to achive the most

Conclusion

It is very much clear from the foregoing discussion that the agricultural

entrepreneurship have a wide potential for the upcoming entrepreneurs

However the constraints and challenges should be considered before jumping to

the agriprenurial activity as stated in a old saying

ldquoDo farming to get 100 profit

or do it for atleast 10 investmentrdquo

So at the end it can be concluded that the profit and sustanability both

should be the outlook for an agrientreprenure

Subhrajyoti Mishra PhD Research Scholar Department of Horticultuee

College of Horticulture JAU Junagadh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-65

Ordinance on Contract farming

Odisha Governmentrsquos vision for

Expansion amp Intensification

Odisha is an agricultural state with about 74 of its rural

workforce relying upon agriculture with a marginal small

land holding also out of which more than 50 are below

poverty line This fragmented land holdings have become the major barrier

before the farmers to expand their farming activities of investments as well as

technological advancements Even many of them are devoid of the lift-irrigation

facility under water stress conditions The government intervention with

measures like MSP Subsidy and loan waivers have only managed to save the

farmers from economic crisis but there is very few measures taken so far like

formation of FPOs and cooperative farming which would have increased the

farmerrsquos capacity productivity and economic status practically

In view to this capacity amp productivity expansion government of Odisha

recently promulgated an Ordinance on Contract farming Where it has made

legal provisions for corporate interventions in agricultural sector of Odisha

through contract farming which means the corporates can take on the lands on

lease or make contracts for the large scale specialized farming The government

has clarified this decision as being made to bring the fragmented land under one

management to optimize resource productivity amp also to encourage agricultural

exports of the state Though the government made mandates to safe guard the

farmersrsquo right on land as well as restricting the sponsor not to realize the

advances given to farmers by sales or mortgage of lands but only against the

produced commodity

The formulated laws amp amendments being structured and written so-well need

to be implemented as-well The ordinance any-how brings opportunity for the

state amp corporates it must take our farmers beside giving them a part in the

whole production process with a good extra-income rather than treating them

only as land owners

Jagadananda Pradhan

Editorial member Shyamala Subarna

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ugravecucirc -9438467079 6370236649

Augravecf- dshuvam97gmailcom

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gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc

The present day Agriculture scenario of India urges upon us to

bring a paradigm shift in the conventional Agriculture production

systems There should be a comprehensive approach in

reframing the present Agricultural structure thus including all

latest aspects of crop production and protection emphasizing on

zero budget natural farming by introduction of biofertilizers and

biopesticides can be the holistic alternative to todays high cost

chemical input based agriculture- which in my opinion is the

current need of the hour

Epsita swain Technical officer (Plant Pathology)

Dir Plant Protection Quarantine amp Storage GOI

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ugravejucircA_ucirceograveaouml

_acirc`ecircfauml Kecirccucirce ugravejucircZucirc ugraveLucirciexclucirceth

To ensure safe affordable amp enough food and overcome

farmersrsquo challenges around low productivity amp income it is

critical to transform Indian agriculture One of the key

priorities of the government is doubling farmersrsquo

incomesSuccess will depend on how farmers are

aggregated for production and marketing promotion of

contract farming cluster farming farmer producer

organizations and self-help groupsIndia needs a five-point

program that addresses agrarian challenges and brings

together various ongoing programs under one umbrella

Soumya sthitapragyanphd scholar ouat

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gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-41

Agriculture Education

I myself had been

born and grown in

an urban area and

my first contact

with farming was

at university level during graduation

I was really surprised one day when

one of my close relative said that he

is unaware of the

agricultural course

that I was doing I

strongly believe that there is lack of

knowledge about the career

opportunities in agriculture sector

among the parents as well as the

students which results in choose of

engineering or medical courses

Many people think that farmers raise

crops and livestock to feed their own

families but they donrsquot realize that

because of these farmers only we are

eating thrice a day even during

locked down period However farms

today are specialized they do not

look like those in childrenrsquos books

Farming became hi-tech Most of the

farmers started using iPads laptops

drones and many more Some of

them have higher education like

diploma or Bachelorrsquos degree or

training certificate It is challenging

for any agricultural professor to

have a debate with an experienced

farmer

With a rapidly increasing

population and a demand to feed 96

billion people by the year 2050 the

world needs passionate youth who

are willing to make a commitment in

farming Therefore there is a need

toinspire young people by

showcasing stories about

peopleincluding some of the

software employees who have

successfully

launched

agribusiness start-

ups We saw many messages from

aspiring youth entrepreneurs who

are succeeded in agriculture

industries

Agricultural education program

must be established in urban schools

which could play a crucial role in

increasing the involvement of

students from high school level in

farming Innovative agriculture

projects assignments to be given for

the school students this leads to

develop agriculturally

knowledgeable students who can

succeed during their higher

education research

Mr N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Assistant Professor

Genetics and Plant Breeding

Centurion University

Paralakhemundi

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-42

Croprsquos

Paradise

Monsoon

Pujyasmita Nayak

Monsoon

is the seasonal

reversing wind

accompanied by

corresponding

changes in atmospheric circulation

and precipitation associated with the

asymmetric heating of land and sea

Monsoon signifies the directional

shifting of winds from one to other

season They flow from sea to land

during summer and from land to sea

during winter Monsoons are

seasonal winds which reverse their

direction with the change of season

India receives Southwest monsoon

winds in summer and northeast

monsoon in winter About 54 of

worldrsquos population depends on

monsoon rain for their crop

Usually Indian

meteorological Department (IMD)

releases long range or seasonal

forecast for Southwest monsoon in

two stage process 1st forecast is in

middle of April and 2nd

is issued in

1st week of June

In this

difficult time

of corona

pandemic

situation the only good

news about the Indian monsoon is

this year will have a normal

monsoon Quantitatively the

monsoon rainfall in 2020 is expected

to be 100 of its long period

Average (LPA) with a model error

of +_ 5 Usually we tell it normal

when probability of rainfall LPA is

between 96-104 This LPA is

calculated based on the average

rainfall over years 1961 to 2000 in

country as a whole According to

LPA Indiarsquos seasonal rain fall is

88cm and this year the forecast

probability is 41 So there is a high

probability of monsoon is likely to

be normal The above normal it is

104-110 of LPA with forecast

probability is 21 for excess gt110

LPA with forecast probability is 9

below normal 92-96 LPA with

forecast probability is 20 and

deficient rain with forecast

probability is 9 which will have

large adverse affect on agriculture

and allied sectors

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-43

As we are aware that IMD use

both statistical and dynamical model

for preparing monsoon forecast The

sufficient forecast is however based

on statistical model and dynamical

model prediction gave a very high

probability for monsoon to be above

normal to excess and almost 70

probability of monsoon rainfall ie

gt104 The main reason of showing

more probability of dynamical

model is due to the model is

predicting a kind of evolution to La

Nina phase in the eastern parts of

Pacific Ocean IMD continuously

monitoring the position of EL Nino

or southern oscillation because

ENSO EL Nino La Nina condition

have a direct impact on monsoon

rainfall of India

From other models it is

concluded that ENSO is in a neutral

phase between EL Nino and

southern oscillation however by the

end of 2nd

half of monsoon season is

likely to be possibility of La Nina

phase As per information of normal

monsoon it will be helpful for

agriculture sector for better crop

yield and also economic growth of

our country It is expected to be

monsoon rainfall of India for 2020 is

102 in between June to September

North India is likely to receive

above normal rainfall

Monsoon onset for Kerala is

declared in 1st June Monsoon is a

part of south west wind and itrsquos an

important factor for declaration of

Southwest monsoon According to

criteria of IMD Southwest wind

should be strong at west of Kerala

and south Arabian sea ie at least

15-20 nuts and the vertical depth

should be 4-5km which is satisfied

the current year of arrived monsoon

in 1st June Radar system in coast is

useful that the winds recorded from

radar is the prevailing strong south

westerly wind and the detected

convective clouds from satellite is

persistent over south east Arabian

seas and Kerala coast Due to this

rainfall recorded in Kerala is

widespread in 30th

and 31st of may

and more than 80 of reported

rainfall gt25mm As per the record

of heavy to heavy rainfall in Kerala

in a day especially in Kozhikode

district 9cm And Trivandrum 6cm of

rainfall

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-44

Arriving of monsoon is in Assam

AP and KN in India is 5th of June

Odisha West bengal Maharashtra

Telangana in 10th June

Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Bihar in

15th June Gujarat Western part of

UP and MP UK in 20th

June

Himachal pradesh Jammu

ampKashmir in 25th June Punjab

Haryana Rajasthan in 30th

June

This year monsoon is

started in the time when the country

is affected by the novel corona virus

According to scientists monsoon

rainfall cannot able to minimize the

spreading of virus and due to low

humidity there is a possibility of

wide spread

And only piece of good news for the

Indian economy which is battling

the COVID-19 and its aftereffects of

gloomy scenario India is likely to

have a normal monsoon this year It

is crucial to rice wheat sugarcane

and oilseeds cultivation in the

country where farming accounts for

about 15 per cent of the economy

and employs over half of its people

However over extreme northwest

India the monsoon arrives now little

earlier on July 8 compared to the

existing date of July 15

For Kharif Crop Outlook

from Monsoon update

farmers are expecting

sowing of the Kharif

commodities to be

higher than the previous

year Sentimentally this

forecast is expected to bring

bearish trend in the prices of

the Kharif commodities such as

Soybean Cotton Castor Seed and

Turmeric Mentha Oil and

Cardamom could also witness

pressure in the coming weeks as

well with positive monsoon reportsrdquo

Msc(Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-45

The term ldquoterrace gardenrdquo

can refer to a garden

which is established on a

terrace roof or patio

usually in a house where

there is limited gardening

space These types of

gardens are especially popular in urban areas and they are sometimes used

in restaurants and other establishments as well Availability of space is an

important consideration for terrace farming It must be ensured that the

terrace receives ample sunlight If there are areas where the sun is too harsh

you can cover them with a shade or opt-out of placing your plants there

Baskets growbags or even an artificial lawn can be used on the surface of the

terrace If you are looking for an economical terrace garden growbags are a

better option but make sure that the bottom of these bags is waterproofed to

avoid any leakage into the home Some vegetables that can be grown easily are

beans tomatoes chillies herbs leafy vegetables and brinjals If larger space is

available you could try climbers and root vegetables

If the terrace is strong with ample space then different fruit-bearing trees can be

cultivated by carrying out efficient training and prunning but always opt for

indigenous seeds when doing so lsquoDesirsquo seeds can withstand any climatic

Terrace Gardening

A Step towards

sustainalble life

Miss Pragnya Paramita

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-46

condition and give you a better harvest Moreover they are easily available in

the market

Making your own soil is crucial for terrace gardening This mix should ideally

consist of regular soil compost coir peatsand and

vermicompost in equal quantities Its

important to add the mix to the soil weekly

because the nutrients have a tendency of

washing away during watering and also

rain Eventually you can create your

own compost and even make fertilisers

and pesticides from the gardenrsquos

vegetable and fruit waste Watering

plants twice a day keeps them

hydrated especially during the

summers

Patience is Key Experts have repeatedly said that patience is keyTerrace gardening is no rocket

science itrsquos all about the effort and the care you put into your cultivation For

first-time gardeners it may be very difficult to go through the initial period of

waiting Therersquos a high tendency to give up but the joy of eating a homegrown

vegetable or fruit is something else If much time and effort is put into the

garden then you will get more than what you asked for

Sourcing your soil seeds and other material from local farmers can really bring

down your expenses With an initial investment of Rs 3000 anyone can set up

their terrace garden Most of the things required can be sourced easily from

nurseries and other organic farms at economical prices

All such factors make terrace farming a small but powerful tool towards

cultivating a sustainable lifestyle It will make us more close to the nature and

help us tackle any scarcity situations in the future It will also serve as an

efficient means of providing the younger generations with a broadened outlook

towards where their food comes from

Feature Head (Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-47

DrSahadevarsquos expertise is in crop

husbandry watershed management

plant protection and horticulture He has

nearly 30 years experience in teaching

research consultancy and the provision

of agricultural extension servicesHe has

worked at the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Department of Agriculture Cooperation

amp Farmers Welfare Ministry of

Agriculture and the Planning

Commission of India DrSahadeva was

the Director (Academic) at the School of

Agricultural Sciences Jaipur National

University in Rajasthan He has earned a

PhD and MSc in agronomy from the

prestigious Indian Agricultural Research

Institute (IARI) and BSc (Agriculture

and Animal Husbandry) from CS Azad

University of Agriculture amp Technology

Agriculture is the main stay of Indian economy and various initiatives are

being taken up in order to bring about a country wide revolution in it Though

a lot of money gets sanctioned to the agriculture sector in every budget and

numerous beneficial schemes are

cooked for alleviating the

farmersrsquo condition but still

everyday in newspapers in

media we come across the

plight of farmers and how mass

migration from villages to cities

is taking place at a faster rate

Majority of people donrsquot want to

take up farming as a

profession Even a farmer

himself prefers his own progeny

to be a job holder rather than a

farmer So in order to shade

some light on these situations

we interviewed Dr Sahadeva

Singh Associate dean School

of Agricultural Sciences G D

Goenka University New Delhi

ldquoStreamlined linkage between

all the sphere of agriculture

and the farmer is the need of

the hourrdquo

- Dr Sahadeva Singh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-48

Special Interview

SHYAMALA

SUBARNA

Q How far the initiatives taken up by the Government of India have

proved beneficial for the farmers of our country

AThe government has been quite proactive to provide help to the farmers by

way of capital subsidy quality inputs and technical support Implementation of

several schemes such as RKVY NHM etc are being done for their betterment

Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi initiative farmers will get up to

6000 rupees per year as minimum income support deposited in their accounts

directly ICAR State Agriculture Universities Krishi Vikash Kendras National

Seed Corporations and various other government institutions are working for

improvement of the agriculture sector

Q So why do you think that the

farmers of our country are still

backward and unable to reap the

benefits What strategies are we lacking

in

The missing link has been the inability to create a proper streamlined linkage

between the government research extension industry and farmer ICAR which

is the apex body for agricultural research has no legislative powers which it

from making laws when needed Only 5 of the total agricultural budget is

allotted to ICAR of carrying out numerous functions So proper extension

machinery couldnrsquot be enforced and farmers get backward in application of

improved technicalities Also proper marketing structure and abolition of

middlemen for increasing farmerrsquos profit couldnrsquot be done till now

Q What strategies should be implemented in order to bring about the

efficient utilisation of resources for agriculture

Establishment of a central agriculture service can provide an effective linkage

between the farmer and the technical institutions as well the government

Shifting of agriculture from the state list to the concurrent list and providing

ICAR with legislative powers and more funding will help in smooth

implementation of research in the farmersrsquo field The strengthening of the

extension machinery and more demand based research will help to bring about

major beneficial changes The small and the marginal farmers should be able to

club their lands legally cultivate on it and divide the income according to their

percent share in the land Reorganisation of the entire setup of agriculture

marketing decreasing the interference of middle men traceability of the

farmersrsquo produce by the customers and capability of the farmer to establish his

own outlets are some important solutions

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-49

Q How can the youth of our country be made more involved in agriculture

and be able to take up farming as a profession

They can be sensitize about the importance of agriculture from a younger age

by including agriculture in the course syllabus Professional courses such as

medical ayurveda food processing should have at least one course of

agriculture from the view of food quality nutrition and medicinal value

Agriculture graduates

should be provided

with industrial

attachment which

improves their skill

and employability

Their innovations

and start-ups should

be funded and they

should be provided

subsidies if they take

up farming as a

profession

Vocational training

for dropout graduates will also be helpful for increasing resource personnel

Q Lastly Sir what do you feel our magazine Shymala Subarna can do

more to be beneficial to the farming society

Shymala Subarna is doing outstanding work and what is more amazing about it

is that it is a student initiative which has been able to create a space for itself

Itrsquos work was praised by the agricultural community and deserves to be

rewarded I wish it keeps on growing and keeping the same standard for years to

come

Interview taken by ndash

Miss Pragnya Paramita Feature Head

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-50

Rishikesh Sahoo

Secondary agriculture assumes

prominence with the announcement

of the goal of doubling farmersrsquo

incomesThe term lsquosecondaryrsquo has a

bearing on climate change

adaptation and its mitigation small

farm viability and profitability food

security nutrition sustainable utilisation

of natural resources and optimal usage of produce from primary

agriculture and farm incomesIn other words promoting secondary

agriculture has implications on attaining sustainable development goals

which aim to connect primary secondary and tertiary sectors by using idle

factors of production such as land and labourmdashcontributing to primary

agriculture production capturing lsquovaluersquo in primary agricultural activities

and generating additional income at the enterprise level

Secondary agriculture is a production activity at enterprise or farm level and it

devised a four-fold strategyIt has drawn attention of development

professionals agribusiness academics and experts and policymaking bodies

Secondary agriculture as is defined can help drive the growth of primary

agriculture and three avenues have been identified that adequately help utilise

capital human resources technology organisational capabilities and risk

management

Secondary

Agriculture

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-51

Type A Value-addition to primary agriculture production systems-

Itcan be achieved by improving livelihood enhancement action plans that are

implemented by community-based organisations Linking farmers with the

market through aggregation andgrading of agricultural produce can help them in

value enhancement and appropriation Collectivisations cluster farming

financial literacy marketing skills are important to build this avenue

Type B Alternative enterprises but linked to rural off-farm activities-

Itrsquos based on utilisation of alternative enterprises to primary agriculture but is

associated with rural off-farm activities like poultry bee-keeping duck farming

and livestock management are off-farm enterprises that can be promoted as part

of integrated farming system Integrated farming can hedge farm risk in the

period of crop failure and even ease out the seasonality in the stream of cash

flows

Type C Enterprises that thrive on crop residues and waste materials of

primary agriculture-

These are such enterprises that strive on crop residues or by-products of

primary agriculture For example after recovering sugar from cane cane can be

used as bagasse for molasses production Similarly cotton stalk and seed (after

ginning) can be used for de-oiled cake preparation or utilised in the secondary

and tertiary sector

To promote agricultural entrepreneurship or agricultural enterprises there is

recognition of priority sector status for institutional credit low-cost skilling and

knowledge-based exposure of farm communities specialised extension services

for enterprises owned by females priority under rural electrification objectives

fast-track procedures to avail benefits under the ongoing central sector schemes

and label geographical indicators to products of village-scale secondary

agricultureAgribusiness incubation and acceleration if made marketable can

benefit farm communities and appropriate market linkages can improve

farmersrsquo realisations through collectivisation However a concerted effort at

both policy and implementation levels at the Centre and states is necessary to

attain this goal

Btech Agriculture (4th

year)

CUTM Gajapati Odisha

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-52

Sericulture is an agro-based industry It involves rearing of silkworms for

the production of raw silk which is the yarn obtained out of cocoons spun

by certain species of insects

Cultivation to feed the silkworms that spin silk cocoons and reeling the cocoons

to unwind the silk filament for value added advantages like process and

weaving are the major activities of sericulture Silk has been blended with the

life and culture of the Indians India is the second largest producer of silk within

the globe Among the four kinds of silk created in 2015-16 Mulberry accounts

for 718 (20434 MT) Tasar 99 (2818 MT) Eri 178 (5054 MT) and

Muga 06 (166 MT) of the total raw silk production of 28472 MTMulberry

sericulture is principally practised in 5 states ie Karnataka Andhra Pradesh

Assam and Bodoland West Bengal Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are major silk

producing states in the country North East has the distinctive distinction of

being the sole region manufacturing four kinds of silk like Mulberry Oak Tasar

Muga and Eri Overall NE region contributes eighteen of Indias total silk

production

ADVANTAGES

High employment potential60 lakh persons are engaged in various

sericulture activities in the countryItIt is calculable that Sericulture can

generate employment 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in

Sericulture ndash An

Introduction

Soumya Sthitapragnya

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-53

on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout the year This potential ispar-

excellence and no other business generates this type of employment

especially in rural areas hence sericulture is used as a tool for rural

reconstruction

Eco-friendly ActivityAs a perennial crop with good foliage and root-

spread mulberry contributes to conservation and provides green

coverWaste from silkworm rearing will be recycled as inputs to

gardenDried mulberry twigs and branches are used as fuel in place of

firewood and therefore reduce the pressure on

vegetationforestBeingBeing a labour intensive and predominantly agro-

based activity involvement of smoke-emitting machinery is

minimalDevelopmental programmes initiated for mulberry plantation are

mainly in upland areas where un-used cultivable land is made

productiveIntercropping can also be done with numerous

plantationsBeing a deep-rooted perennial plant it can be raised in vacant

lands hill slopes and watershed areasCurrently only concerning 01

of the cultivable land in the country is beneath mulberry cultivation

Women friendly Occupation Women constitutes over hour of those

employed in down-stream activities of sericulture in the country This is

the result of sericulture activities ranging from mulberry garden

management leaf harvesting and silkworm rearing is more effectively

taken up by the women folks Even silk reeling business together with

weaving is largely supported by them

Low Gestation High Returns Estimated investments of Rs12000 to

15000 (excluding cost of land and rearing space) is adequate for

undertaking mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing in one acre of

irrigated landIt takes only six months for mulberry to grow for

commencement of silkworm rearing Once planted it will go on

supporting silkworm rearing year after year for 15-20 years depending on

inputs and management providedFive crops can be taken in one year

under tropical conditionsBy adopting stipulated package of practices a

farmer can attain net income levels up to Rs30000 per acre per annum

PhD scholar Entomology OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-54

Post Corona Era ndash

Sustainability the only

way out

The COVID-19 pandemic and

the global economic crisis has

brought some new ideas

ideologies and habits into the

limelight Is everything going to

be normal after lockdown No

never It will take 4-5 quarters to

normalise the financial situation So now the

question arises how to combat with it Yes certainly

there are ways After all need is the mother of invention Hence in this time of

need we all have to work towards betterment of the earth This lockdown has

certainly taught everyone that health is the most important thing and food and

agricultural products are the most essential items As ministry of AYUSH

suggested to take some ayurvedic products eg tulsi(basil) leaves black pepper

synthi pipali to fight against corona by increasing immunity it shows how

medicinal plants are important to us The kind of misery people faced to have

vegetables showed us the importance of kitchen garden Yeah all of us can

have our kitchen garden window garden Terrace garden or vertical garden

notonly for decoration butalso for our own consumption This outbreak makes

us alarmed to go for gardening in a small area for our own We can grow leafy

vegetables like amaranthus spinach corriander and medicinal plants like tulsi

in our home That makes us productive during lockdown and we can avail fresh

healthy vegetables anytime For the farming community out there Corona

certainly brought a loss to you but it also showed you the practical implications

of integrated farming system(IFS) To all the respected farmers its not late you

can go for IFS now too

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-55

How IFS will help

You can switch from crop to crop as per the demand of society eg

during lockdown we found many farmers had to bear loss because of

huge production but less marketing of certain crops like watermelon

bananas In such crisis time we should go for some short time crops like

spinach amaranthus radish that will bring good income

Secondly diversification brings more sources of income like those who

just do paddy are at great loss than the

one who does mushroom as well

Mushroom is easily and fast grown

agricultural product

Thirdly for the farmwomen

be the true partner of your husband

in this crisis time Go for post

harvest management and processing

of excess produce and reap the

benefits eg banana chips tomato

ketchup sauce pickles etc

Hence corona outbreak and post

lockdown situation will be a beginning of a new era and all of us should be well

prepared for it Because struggling for existence is the bitter truth of nature Opt

for the right method to bring about right changes in the right time

Richa Mishra Msc (Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-56

Upasana Mohapatra

Though India is one of the fastest growing economies in the

world the challenges and the problems faced by Indian

economy lower its growth rateHuge dependence of

population on agriculture and low level of science and

technology are the major concerned areas for boosting the

economy growth rate Recent development in science and

technology can modernise the agriculture for improving the

crop productivity and also uplift the rate of industrial

production Biotechnology is the recent trend in science

and technology which can be used as the key to these

basic problems of agriculture its allied sectors and the industry as well

Biotechnology

Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and

technology According to US National Science Foundation - It is the controlled

use of biological agents such as microorganisms or cellular components for

beneficial useacute Thus biotechnology is an integrated application of knowledge

and technique to draw benefits from properties and capacities of

microorganisms and animals and plants

Biotechnology can be classified as

1) Red Biotechnology or Medical biotechnology- biotechnology used for

production of biopharmaceuticals like recombinant protein enzymes vaccines

and antibiotics

2) White biotechnology or Industrial biotechnology- biotechnology used for

industrial production

3) Green biotechnology or Agricultural biotechnology- biotechnology used

for crop improvement in agriculture

4) Blue biotechnology or Marine biotechnology- biotechnology used for

marine and aquatic applications

Biotechnology ndash A Way to uplift

Indian Economy

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-57

The development of these sectors of biotechnology can lead the way towards

improving economy

Biotechnology in Medical Science

The companies involved in medical biotechnology do

the work on protein purification molecular cloning

and expression of native and synthetic genes

They also offer polyclonal and monoclonal

antibody development and formulation of

certain types of vaccines The in-house

expertise in recombinant DNA technology and

development of cell lines for recombinant

product synthesis improve the production of

drugs and vaccines in medical science which in

succession push the Indian economy Some of

the companies in medical science are Shantha

Biotech Ranbaxy Laboratories and Dr Reddyrsquos

Laboratory (DRL)

Biotechnology in Industry

The bio-manufacturing strategies such as Fermentation technology can catalyse

the production of biopharmaceuticals alcohols foods biofertilizers and

biofuels The production of these products in industrial scale should be

supported through new policies for raising the Indian economy

Biotechnology in marine Science

The major focussed areas in marine science are semi intensive prawn culture

intensive carp culture feed and seed production disease diagnosis and vaccine

development bioactive compounds like biopigments from cyanobacteria

biotransformation of secondary metabolites and

bioprospectingmicrometabolites from marine organisms including

microorganisms see weeds extremophiles bioremediation The

commercialisation of the products and the process in marine biotechnology can

be an useful stategy for development of economic growth rate in India

Biotechnology in Agriculture

Biotechnology can drive the agriculture in a faster speed as it shortens

the breeding cycle of some crops helps in large-scale plant clonal propagation

produces genetically variable crops like virus-free plants disease resistant

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-58

plants herbicide resistant plants insect resistant plant regeneration of forests

(teak eucalyptus sandalwood tamarind rubber and oil palm commercial

production of secondary metabolites from the medicinal and aromatic plants

Also theseed companies like Mahyco Indo-American Hybrid Seed

expanding their RampD to cover biotechnology to develop their own transgenic

crops Some of smaller companies have started employing techniques such as

tissue culture for their breeding programmes for crop improvement

Biotechnology can be a cause in a second Green Revolution with

tremendous opportunities to ensure food security along with the economic well-

being of the farmer Approval of Bt Cotton cultivation in India helps in the

increament of cotton yield and increase the production of textile industry which

supports the Indian economy in great extent

Challenges of Biotechnology in India

If physics and chemistry drove the industrial transformations of the twentieth

century biology promises to generate ground breaking technological

applications in the present one which is the biotechnology Though India has a

separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) state universities research

institute to propagate research in transgenic plants and its cultivation in India

the bioethics and the environmental issues check the growth of biotechnology

and its further application in different sectors including Agriculture food

science marine science and industrial production The attitude toward

transgenics GMOs and the biotechnology should be changed before using this

technology in different sectors of India As a result there will be a harmony in

the utilisation of biotechnology and acceptance of its products in the society

which will lead to an accelerated development of Indian economy

PhD Scholar University of Agricultural

Sciences GKVK Bengaluru

Email id- upasanaprangya92gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-59

Integrated disease management

A boon to sustainable Agriculture

Integrated disease management (IDM) can be referred to

as the cumulative use of various plant disease control

methods like cultural mechanical biological host

resistance or genetic methods along with sparse use of

chemical pesticidesIt is an environment friendly approach

which takes into account the need-base use of chemical

pesticides rather than exploiting the nature with the

toxicity of the same The ultimate objective of IDM is to

bring down the pathogen population below the economic

threshold level

IDM is a wise integration of

- Cultural or mechanical control

- Biological control

- Host resistance

- Chemical control

Cultural Control

It is the most feasible method of control as it can be easily accessible to any

common man Cultural or mechanical method of control takes into account

manipulation and management of environment condition making it unsuitable

for the pathogen to grow and perpetuate on the host plant It includes methods

like crop rotation field sanitation proper irrigation aeration of soil optimum

spacing manipulation of sowing and harvesting dates etc

Biological Control

It refers to use of living organisms to reduce the inoculum density or disease-

causing activities of the pathogensparasites

Host-resistance

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-60

It refers to the cultivation of resistant cultivars to combat disease incidences It

is the inherent character of the plant which has certainly no side effects on the

environment

Chemical control

In IDM chemical control is meant to be the least used method so as to reduce

the adverse impact on the environment It involves need base and seldom use of

chemical pesticides

IDM in India

India having an agrarian economy agriculture acts as the primary source of

living for about 60 of the countryrsquos population Crop loss due to diseases can

go upto 40-50 which is a huge pie of the cake In the era of the

modernization incurring adverse effect on the environment it is the need of the

time to protect our mother nature Minimal use of chemical and exploitation of

the other methods which are environment friendly is the key to survival But the

success of IDM implementation is based on the socio-economic and educational

status of the farmers of the country Proper utilization of the IDM strategy

requires a pre-requisite knowledge on the methods and their implications Lack

of awareness and knowledge on this aspect makes IDM less popular and the

farmers continue to use the conventional plant protection methods with

extensive use of chemical

Future prospects

Plant health clinics should be popularized in order to counselthe farmers and the

commoners regarding the knows and hows of IDM IDM can lead us towards a

more sustainable and stable form of agriculture if practiced appropriately

Sushree Suparna Mahapatra Department of

Plant Pathology

Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology

Gmail - mahapatrasushree9gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-61

Agriculture being the sole

supplier of human food is the largest

industry and major land use sector on

the globe Indian agriculture became self sustainable after the era of green

revolution during 1960s In the recent data proposed by the ldquoMinistry of

Agriculture and Farmers Welfarerdquo the agricultural production is around 59569

MT in 2018-19 cropping year The youth dominated country India can achieve

the remarkable production due to emerging entrepreneurial activities in

agriindustry The farmers field is not consider as the producer of food but as a

source of income for the farmer Indiarsquos economy is principally dominated by

agriculture with more than 60 population depending on it for their livelyhood

Agriculture entrepreneurship or agri-preneurship is a concept of latest origin It

is the entrepreneurial process taken up in agriculture or the allied sectors

Agriculture frames the foundation of the countrys economy It is a process of

adopting the new methods processes techniques in agriculture or allied sectors

of agriculture for better output and economic earnings

Agricutural Entrepreneurship

Opportunities and Challenges

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-62

Need of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Over the period of time from independence till date the GDP contribution

declines from 519 in 1950-51 to 1587 in 2018-19 With repect to the

agricultural production India stands second but as far as the export is concerned

the rank is 14th in the world It was also observed that our countriersquos average

production per hectare is only half of the worldrsquos average Various other areas

viz local availability of agri and horticultural produces lesser investment to

start small scale industries government sponsorship and encouragements

employment oppertunities and check migration of rural youth to urban areas

etc provides a vast scope for agricultural entreprenureship Hence from the

above facts and figures it can be concluded that there is a clear need for

agriprenureship development in this sectors for strengthening the demanad and

production gap infrastructure development supporting faster agricultural

development promoting value addition and preservation creating employment

doubling farmers income and minimizing the challenges faced due to economic

leberalization and globalization etc

Oppertunities for Agricultural Entrepreneurship

There is a popular saying

ldquoThe thing not found in India

can never be found in the universerdquo

(Jaha Nahi Bharate Taha nahi Jagate)

It means India is the rich source of all the amenities and services With

the proper utilization farmer can able to produce the food grains There are

various critical areas in agriculture sector from the farmer to the food till reach

in consumerrsquos plate like input stage farming stage value chain output

processing marketing and various related services India is blessed with varied

agroclimatic diversity and can produce a wide range of produce Presently the

scope and oppertunity of agripreneural activity is increasing as a result of

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-63

globalization and more interconnected world market Few of the agripreneural

activities are discussed below

(i) Input Sector-

The agricultural processes needs a wide range of inputs like seeds

fertilizers pesticides innovative localized and cost effective tools and

techniques There are very promising way forward in sectors like biofertilizers

biopesticides vermicomposting soil amending and testing and R and D in seed

production

(ii) Farming Sector-

The important advisory and recently developed technology and materials

(variety implements fertilizers etc) can be used to enhance the production

Various farming enterprises viz horticultural enterprise organic farming

poultry farming mushroom cultivation Hi-tech farming green house

cultivation vertical faming etc could be a new venture to gain momentum in

agripreneurship

(iii) Value Chain-

Supply chain is the vital platform to help farmers in supplying the

produce from the field to plate Hence intermediaries online web portals e-

marketing can be a good area to look at an entrepreneur

(iv) Processing Sector-

Approximately 30 of the produce produced are lost in the agricultural

sector which can be reduced if properly proceesd and preserved hence this

sector needs entrepreneurial intervention

(v) Marketing Sector-

The highly perishable agricultural commodities needs a very well

organised marketing frame work in the country and outside hence the

agripreneurs must have a eye on this

(vi) Agricultural Services Sector-

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-64

The various farm servises like availability of labour cropping

information weather forecasting insect pest and disease monitoring are very

much essential servises and should be deseminated in proper time hence have a

good scope for agri-entreprenures

Though huge potential for agripreneurship some important challenge

obstruct the path which needs timely and critically varification and correction

Challenges of Aricultural Entrepreneurship

The major challenges are inadequate infrastructure lack of

entrepreneurial culture migration of the rural farmer and skilled labourer to

urban areas poor technological and equipmental intervention inadiquate and

improper supply of inputs problem in marketing of the agricultural produce

produced uneven demand interventions of middle man inadiquate institutional

measures and government policies fragmented land holdings deteriorating

natural resourses and the natural calamities pose a serious hindrance on

agripreneurial activities The entrepreneur should mentally stable enough to

countercat those to achive the most

Conclusion

It is very much clear from the foregoing discussion that the agricultural

entrepreneurship have a wide potential for the upcoming entrepreneurs

However the constraints and challenges should be considered before jumping to

the agriprenurial activity as stated in a old saying

ldquoDo farming to get 100 profit

or do it for atleast 10 investmentrdquo

So at the end it can be concluded that the profit and sustanability both

should be the outlook for an agrientreprenure

Subhrajyoti Mishra PhD Research Scholar Department of Horticultuee

College of Horticulture JAU Junagadh

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Ordinance on Contract farming

Odisha Governmentrsquos vision for

Expansion amp Intensification

Odisha is an agricultural state with about 74 of its rural

workforce relying upon agriculture with a marginal small

land holding also out of which more than 50 are below

poverty line This fragmented land holdings have become the major barrier

before the farmers to expand their farming activities of investments as well as

technological advancements Even many of them are devoid of the lift-irrigation

facility under water stress conditions The government intervention with

measures like MSP Subsidy and loan waivers have only managed to save the

farmers from economic crisis but there is very few measures taken so far like

formation of FPOs and cooperative farming which would have increased the

farmerrsquos capacity productivity and economic status practically

In view to this capacity amp productivity expansion government of Odisha

recently promulgated an Ordinance on Contract farming Where it has made

legal provisions for corporate interventions in agricultural sector of Odisha

through contract farming which means the corporates can take on the lands on

lease or make contracts for the large scale specialized farming The government

has clarified this decision as being made to bring the fragmented land under one

management to optimize resource productivity amp also to encourage agricultural

exports of the state Though the government made mandates to safe guard the

farmersrsquo right on land as well as restricting the sponsor not to realize the

advances given to farmers by sales or mortgage of lands but only against the

produced commodity

The formulated laws amp amendments being structured and written so-well need

to be implemented as-well The ordinance any-how brings opportunity for the

state amp corporates it must take our farmers beside giving them a part in the

whole production process with a good extra-income rather than treating them

only as land owners

Jagadananda Pradhan

Editorial member Shyamala Subarna

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The present day Agriculture scenario of India urges upon us to

bring a paradigm shift in the conventional Agriculture production

systems There should be a comprehensive approach in

reframing the present Agricultural structure thus including all

latest aspects of crop production and protection emphasizing on

zero budget natural farming by introduction of biofertilizers and

biopesticides can be the holistic alternative to todays high cost

chemical input based agriculture- which in my opinion is the

current need of the hour

Epsita swain Technical officer (Plant Pathology)

Dir Plant Protection Quarantine amp Storage GOI

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To ensure safe affordable amp enough food and overcome

farmersrsquo challenges around low productivity amp income it is

critical to transform Indian agriculture One of the key

priorities of the government is doubling farmersrsquo

incomesSuccess will depend on how farmers are

aggregated for production and marketing promotion of

contract farming cluster farming farmer producer

organizations and self-help groupsIndia needs a five-point

program that addresses agrarian challenges and brings

together various ongoing programs under one umbrella

Soumya sthitapragyanphd scholar ouat

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N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Pujyasmita Nayak

Pragnya Paramita

Rishikesh Sahoo

Soumya Sthitapragnya

Richa Mishra

Upasana Mohapatra

Sushree Suparna Mohapatra

Subhrajyoti Mishra

Jagadananda Pradhan

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_jecircQograve ouml KograveQograve cucirci bograveZugravee Gjograve decirc^ograveU Kucirc~ethyacutelc

ugravejucircA_ucirceograveaucirc _ugravee K`ogravee cucirc^ ]ocircK aXogravea

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gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-41

Agriculture Education

I myself had been

born and grown in

an urban area and

my first contact

with farming was

at university level during graduation

I was really surprised one day when

one of my close relative said that he

is unaware of the

agricultural course

that I was doing I

strongly believe that there is lack of

knowledge about the career

opportunities in agriculture sector

among the parents as well as the

students which results in choose of

engineering or medical courses

Many people think that farmers raise

crops and livestock to feed their own

families but they donrsquot realize that

because of these farmers only we are

eating thrice a day even during

locked down period However farms

today are specialized they do not

look like those in childrenrsquos books

Farming became hi-tech Most of the

farmers started using iPads laptops

drones and many more Some of

them have higher education like

diploma or Bachelorrsquos degree or

training certificate It is challenging

for any agricultural professor to

have a debate with an experienced

farmer

With a rapidly increasing

population and a demand to feed 96

billion people by the year 2050 the

world needs passionate youth who

are willing to make a commitment in

farming Therefore there is a need

toinspire young people by

showcasing stories about

peopleincluding some of the

software employees who have

successfully

launched

agribusiness start-

ups We saw many messages from

aspiring youth entrepreneurs who

are succeeded in agriculture

industries

Agricultural education program

must be established in urban schools

which could play a crucial role in

increasing the involvement of

students from high school level in

farming Innovative agriculture

projects assignments to be given for

the school students this leads to

develop agriculturally

knowledgeable students who can

succeed during their higher

education research

Mr N Mohan Satyakar Rao

Assistant Professor

Genetics and Plant Breeding

Centurion University

Paralakhemundi

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-42

Croprsquos

Paradise

Monsoon

Pujyasmita Nayak

Monsoon

is the seasonal

reversing wind

accompanied by

corresponding

changes in atmospheric circulation

and precipitation associated with the

asymmetric heating of land and sea

Monsoon signifies the directional

shifting of winds from one to other

season They flow from sea to land

during summer and from land to sea

during winter Monsoons are

seasonal winds which reverse their

direction with the change of season

India receives Southwest monsoon

winds in summer and northeast

monsoon in winter About 54 of

worldrsquos population depends on

monsoon rain for their crop

Usually Indian

meteorological Department (IMD)

releases long range or seasonal

forecast for Southwest monsoon in

two stage process 1st forecast is in

middle of April and 2nd

is issued in

1st week of June

In this

difficult time

of corona

pandemic

situation the only good

news about the Indian monsoon is

this year will have a normal

monsoon Quantitatively the

monsoon rainfall in 2020 is expected

to be 100 of its long period

Average (LPA) with a model error

of +_ 5 Usually we tell it normal

when probability of rainfall LPA is

between 96-104 This LPA is

calculated based on the average

rainfall over years 1961 to 2000 in

country as a whole According to

LPA Indiarsquos seasonal rain fall is

88cm and this year the forecast

probability is 41 So there is a high

probability of monsoon is likely to

be normal The above normal it is

104-110 of LPA with forecast

probability is 21 for excess gt110

LPA with forecast probability is 9

below normal 92-96 LPA with

forecast probability is 20 and

deficient rain with forecast

probability is 9 which will have

large adverse affect on agriculture

and allied sectors

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-43

As we are aware that IMD use

both statistical and dynamical model

for preparing monsoon forecast The

sufficient forecast is however based

on statistical model and dynamical

model prediction gave a very high

probability for monsoon to be above

normal to excess and almost 70

probability of monsoon rainfall ie

gt104 The main reason of showing

more probability of dynamical

model is due to the model is

predicting a kind of evolution to La

Nina phase in the eastern parts of

Pacific Ocean IMD continuously

monitoring the position of EL Nino

or southern oscillation because

ENSO EL Nino La Nina condition

have a direct impact on monsoon

rainfall of India

From other models it is

concluded that ENSO is in a neutral

phase between EL Nino and

southern oscillation however by the

end of 2nd

half of monsoon season is

likely to be possibility of La Nina

phase As per information of normal

monsoon it will be helpful for

agriculture sector for better crop

yield and also economic growth of

our country It is expected to be

monsoon rainfall of India for 2020 is

102 in between June to September

North India is likely to receive

above normal rainfall

Monsoon onset for Kerala is

declared in 1st June Monsoon is a

part of south west wind and itrsquos an

important factor for declaration of

Southwest monsoon According to

criteria of IMD Southwest wind

should be strong at west of Kerala

and south Arabian sea ie at least

15-20 nuts and the vertical depth

should be 4-5km which is satisfied

the current year of arrived monsoon

in 1st June Radar system in coast is

useful that the winds recorded from

radar is the prevailing strong south

westerly wind and the detected

convective clouds from satellite is

persistent over south east Arabian

seas and Kerala coast Due to this

rainfall recorded in Kerala is

widespread in 30th

and 31st of may

and more than 80 of reported

rainfall gt25mm As per the record

of heavy to heavy rainfall in Kerala

in a day especially in Kozhikode

district 9cm And Trivandrum 6cm of

rainfall

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-44

Arriving of monsoon is in Assam

AP and KN in India is 5th of June

Odisha West bengal Maharashtra

Telangana in 10th June

Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Bihar in

15th June Gujarat Western part of

UP and MP UK in 20th

June

Himachal pradesh Jammu

ampKashmir in 25th June Punjab

Haryana Rajasthan in 30th

June

This year monsoon is

started in the time when the country

is affected by the novel corona virus

According to scientists monsoon

rainfall cannot able to minimize the

spreading of virus and due to low

humidity there is a possibility of

wide spread

And only piece of good news for the

Indian economy which is battling

the COVID-19 and its aftereffects of

gloomy scenario India is likely to

have a normal monsoon this year It

is crucial to rice wheat sugarcane

and oilseeds cultivation in the

country where farming accounts for

about 15 per cent of the economy

and employs over half of its people

However over extreme northwest

India the monsoon arrives now little

earlier on July 8 compared to the

existing date of July 15

For Kharif Crop Outlook

from Monsoon update

farmers are expecting

sowing of the Kharif

commodities to be

higher than the previous

year Sentimentally this

forecast is expected to bring

bearish trend in the prices of

the Kharif commodities such as

Soybean Cotton Castor Seed and

Turmeric Mentha Oil and

Cardamom could also witness

pressure in the coming weeks as

well with positive monsoon reportsrdquo

Msc(Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-45

The term ldquoterrace gardenrdquo

can refer to a garden

which is established on a

terrace roof or patio

usually in a house where

there is limited gardening

space These types of

gardens are especially popular in urban areas and they are sometimes used

in restaurants and other establishments as well Availability of space is an

important consideration for terrace farming It must be ensured that the

terrace receives ample sunlight If there are areas where the sun is too harsh

you can cover them with a shade or opt-out of placing your plants there

Baskets growbags or even an artificial lawn can be used on the surface of the

terrace If you are looking for an economical terrace garden growbags are a

better option but make sure that the bottom of these bags is waterproofed to

avoid any leakage into the home Some vegetables that can be grown easily are

beans tomatoes chillies herbs leafy vegetables and brinjals If larger space is

available you could try climbers and root vegetables

If the terrace is strong with ample space then different fruit-bearing trees can be

cultivated by carrying out efficient training and prunning but always opt for

indigenous seeds when doing so lsquoDesirsquo seeds can withstand any climatic

Terrace Gardening

A Step towards

sustainalble life

Miss Pragnya Paramita

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-46

condition and give you a better harvest Moreover they are easily available in

the market

Making your own soil is crucial for terrace gardening This mix should ideally

consist of regular soil compost coir peatsand and

vermicompost in equal quantities Its

important to add the mix to the soil weekly

because the nutrients have a tendency of

washing away during watering and also

rain Eventually you can create your

own compost and even make fertilisers

and pesticides from the gardenrsquos

vegetable and fruit waste Watering

plants twice a day keeps them

hydrated especially during the

summers

Patience is Key Experts have repeatedly said that patience is keyTerrace gardening is no rocket

science itrsquos all about the effort and the care you put into your cultivation For

first-time gardeners it may be very difficult to go through the initial period of

waiting Therersquos a high tendency to give up but the joy of eating a homegrown

vegetable or fruit is something else If much time and effort is put into the

garden then you will get more than what you asked for

Sourcing your soil seeds and other material from local farmers can really bring

down your expenses With an initial investment of Rs 3000 anyone can set up

their terrace garden Most of the things required can be sourced easily from

nurseries and other organic farms at economical prices

All such factors make terrace farming a small but powerful tool towards

cultivating a sustainable lifestyle It will make us more close to the nature and

help us tackle any scarcity situations in the future It will also serve as an

efficient means of providing the younger generations with a broadened outlook

towards where their food comes from

Feature Head (Eng)

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-47

DrSahadevarsquos expertise is in crop

husbandry watershed management

plant protection and horticulture He has

nearly 30 years experience in teaching

research consultancy and the provision

of agricultural extension servicesHe has

worked at the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Department of Agriculture Cooperation

amp Farmers Welfare Ministry of

Agriculture and the Planning

Commission of India DrSahadeva was

the Director (Academic) at the School of

Agricultural Sciences Jaipur National

University in Rajasthan He has earned a

PhD and MSc in agronomy from the

prestigious Indian Agricultural Research

Institute (IARI) and BSc (Agriculture

and Animal Husbandry) from CS Azad

University of Agriculture amp Technology

Agriculture is the main stay of Indian economy and various initiatives are

being taken up in order to bring about a country wide revolution in it Though

a lot of money gets sanctioned to the agriculture sector in every budget and

numerous beneficial schemes are

cooked for alleviating the

farmersrsquo condition but still

everyday in newspapers in

media we come across the

plight of farmers and how mass

migration from villages to cities

is taking place at a faster rate

Majority of people donrsquot want to

take up farming as a

profession Even a farmer

himself prefers his own progeny

to be a job holder rather than a

farmer So in order to shade

some light on these situations

we interviewed Dr Sahadeva

Singh Associate dean School

of Agricultural Sciences G D

Goenka University New Delhi

ldquoStreamlined linkage between

all the sphere of agriculture

and the farmer is the need of

the hourrdquo

- Dr Sahadeva Singh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-48

Special Interview

SHYAMALA

SUBARNA

Q How far the initiatives taken up by the Government of India have

proved beneficial for the farmers of our country

AThe government has been quite proactive to provide help to the farmers by

way of capital subsidy quality inputs and technical support Implementation of

several schemes such as RKVY NHM etc are being done for their betterment

Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi initiative farmers will get up to

6000 rupees per year as minimum income support deposited in their accounts

directly ICAR State Agriculture Universities Krishi Vikash Kendras National

Seed Corporations and various other government institutions are working for

improvement of the agriculture sector

Q So why do you think that the

farmers of our country are still

backward and unable to reap the

benefits What strategies are we lacking

in

The missing link has been the inability to create a proper streamlined linkage

between the government research extension industry and farmer ICAR which

is the apex body for agricultural research has no legislative powers which it

from making laws when needed Only 5 of the total agricultural budget is

allotted to ICAR of carrying out numerous functions So proper extension

machinery couldnrsquot be enforced and farmers get backward in application of

improved technicalities Also proper marketing structure and abolition of

middlemen for increasing farmerrsquos profit couldnrsquot be done till now

Q What strategies should be implemented in order to bring about the

efficient utilisation of resources for agriculture

Establishment of a central agriculture service can provide an effective linkage

between the farmer and the technical institutions as well the government

Shifting of agriculture from the state list to the concurrent list and providing

ICAR with legislative powers and more funding will help in smooth

implementation of research in the farmersrsquo field The strengthening of the

extension machinery and more demand based research will help to bring about

major beneficial changes The small and the marginal farmers should be able to

club their lands legally cultivate on it and divide the income according to their

percent share in the land Reorganisation of the entire setup of agriculture

marketing decreasing the interference of middle men traceability of the

farmersrsquo produce by the customers and capability of the farmer to establish his

own outlets are some important solutions

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-49

Q How can the youth of our country be made more involved in agriculture

and be able to take up farming as a profession

They can be sensitize about the importance of agriculture from a younger age

by including agriculture in the course syllabus Professional courses such as

medical ayurveda food processing should have at least one course of

agriculture from the view of food quality nutrition and medicinal value

Agriculture graduates

should be provided

with industrial

attachment which

improves their skill

and employability

Their innovations

and start-ups should

be funded and they

should be provided

subsidies if they take

up farming as a

profession

Vocational training

for dropout graduates will also be helpful for increasing resource personnel

Q Lastly Sir what do you feel our magazine Shymala Subarna can do

more to be beneficial to the farming society

Shymala Subarna is doing outstanding work and what is more amazing about it

is that it is a student initiative which has been able to create a space for itself

Itrsquos work was praised by the agricultural community and deserves to be

rewarded I wish it keeps on growing and keeping the same standard for years to

come

Interview taken by ndash

Miss Pragnya Paramita Feature Head

SHYAMALA SUBARNA

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-50

Rishikesh Sahoo

Secondary agriculture assumes

prominence with the announcement

of the goal of doubling farmersrsquo

incomesThe term lsquosecondaryrsquo has a

bearing on climate change

adaptation and its mitigation small

farm viability and profitability food

security nutrition sustainable utilisation

of natural resources and optimal usage of produce from primary

agriculture and farm incomesIn other words promoting secondary

agriculture has implications on attaining sustainable development goals

which aim to connect primary secondary and tertiary sectors by using idle

factors of production such as land and labourmdashcontributing to primary

agriculture production capturing lsquovaluersquo in primary agricultural activities

and generating additional income at the enterprise level

Secondary agriculture is a production activity at enterprise or farm level and it

devised a four-fold strategyIt has drawn attention of development

professionals agribusiness academics and experts and policymaking bodies

Secondary agriculture as is defined can help drive the growth of primary

agriculture and three avenues have been identified that adequately help utilise

capital human resources technology organisational capabilities and risk

management

Secondary

Agriculture

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-51

Type A Value-addition to primary agriculture production systems-

Itcan be achieved by improving livelihood enhancement action plans that are

implemented by community-based organisations Linking farmers with the

market through aggregation andgrading of agricultural produce can help them in

value enhancement and appropriation Collectivisations cluster farming

financial literacy marketing skills are important to build this avenue

Type B Alternative enterprises but linked to rural off-farm activities-

Itrsquos based on utilisation of alternative enterprises to primary agriculture but is

associated with rural off-farm activities like poultry bee-keeping duck farming

and livestock management are off-farm enterprises that can be promoted as part

of integrated farming system Integrated farming can hedge farm risk in the

period of crop failure and even ease out the seasonality in the stream of cash

flows

Type C Enterprises that thrive on crop residues and waste materials of

primary agriculture-

These are such enterprises that strive on crop residues or by-products of

primary agriculture For example after recovering sugar from cane cane can be

used as bagasse for molasses production Similarly cotton stalk and seed (after

ginning) can be used for de-oiled cake preparation or utilised in the secondary

and tertiary sector

To promote agricultural entrepreneurship or agricultural enterprises there is

recognition of priority sector status for institutional credit low-cost skilling and

knowledge-based exposure of farm communities specialised extension services

for enterprises owned by females priority under rural electrification objectives

fast-track procedures to avail benefits under the ongoing central sector schemes

and label geographical indicators to products of village-scale secondary

agricultureAgribusiness incubation and acceleration if made marketable can

benefit farm communities and appropriate market linkages can improve

farmersrsquo realisations through collectivisation However a concerted effort at

both policy and implementation levels at the Centre and states is necessary to

attain this goal

Btech Agriculture (4th

year)

CUTM Gajapati Odisha

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-52

Sericulture is an agro-based industry It involves rearing of silkworms for

the production of raw silk which is the yarn obtained out of cocoons spun

by certain species of insects

Cultivation to feed the silkworms that spin silk cocoons and reeling the cocoons

to unwind the silk filament for value added advantages like process and

weaving are the major activities of sericulture Silk has been blended with the

life and culture of the Indians India is the second largest producer of silk within

the globe Among the four kinds of silk created in 2015-16 Mulberry accounts

for 718 (20434 MT) Tasar 99 (2818 MT) Eri 178 (5054 MT) and

Muga 06 (166 MT) of the total raw silk production of 28472 MTMulberry

sericulture is principally practised in 5 states ie Karnataka Andhra Pradesh

Assam and Bodoland West Bengal Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are major silk

producing states in the country North East has the distinctive distinction of

being the sole region manufacturing four kinds of silk like Mulberry Oak Tasar

Muga and Eri Overall NE region contributes eighteen of Indias total silk

production

ADVANTAGES

High employment potential60 lakh persons are engaged in various

sericulture activities in the countryItIt is calculable that Sericulture can

generate employment 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in

Sericulture ndash An

Introduction

Soumya Sthitapragnya

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-53

on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout the year This potential ispar-

excellence and no other business generates this type of employment

especially in rural areas hence sericulture is used as a tool for rural

reconstruction

Eco-friendly ActivityAs a perennial crop with good foliage and root-

spread mulberry contributes to conservation and provides green

coverWaste from silkworm rearing will be recycled as inputs to

gardenDried mulberry twigs and branches are used as fuel in place of

firewood and therefore reduce the pressure on

vegetationforestBeingBeing a labour intensive and predominantly agro-

based activity involvement of smoke-emitting machinery is

minimalDevelopmental programmes initiated for mulberry plantation are

mainly in upland areas where un-used cultivable land is made

productiveIntercropping can also be done with numerous

plantationsBeing a deep-rooted perennial plant it can be raised in vacant

lands hill slopes and watershed areasCurrently only concerning 01

of the cultivable land in the country is beneath mulberry cultivation

Women friendly Occupation Women constitutes over hour of those

employed in down-stream activities of sericulture in the country This is

the result of sericulture activities ranging from mulberry garden

management leaf harvesting and silkworm rearing is more effectively

taken up by the women folks Even silk reeling business together with

weaving is largely supported by them

Low Gestation High Returns Estimated investments of Rs12000 to

15000 (excluding cost of land and rearing space) is adequate for

undertaking mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing in one acre of

irrigated landIt takes only six months for mulberry to grow for

commencement of silkworm rearing Once planted it will go on

supporting silkworm rearing year after year for 15-20 years depending on

inputs and management providedFive crops can be taken in one year

under tropical conditionsBy adopting stipulated package of practices a

farmer can attain net income levels up to Rs30000 per acre per annum

PhD scholar Entomology OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-54

Post Corona Era ndash

Sustainability the only

way out

The COVID-19 pandemic and

the global economic crisis has

brought some new ideas

ideologies and habits into the

limelight Is everything going to

be normal after lockdown No

never It will take 4-5 quarters to

normalise the financial situation So now the

question arises how to combat with it Yes certainly

there are ways After all need is the mother of invention Hence in this time of

need we all have to work towards betterment of the earth This lockdown has

certainly taught everyone that health is the most important thing and food and

agricultural products are the most essential items As ministry of AYUSH

suggested to take some ayurvedic products eg tulsi(basil) leaves black pepper

synthi pipali to fight against corona by increasing immunity it shows how

medicinal plants are important to us The kind of misery people faced to have

vegetables showed us the importance of kitchen garden Yeah all of us can

have our kitchen garden window garden Terrace garden or vertical garden

notonly for decoration butalso for our own consumption This outbreak makes

us alarmed to go for gardening in a small area for our own We can grow leafy

vegetables like amaranthus spinach corriander and medicinal plants like tulsi

in our home That makes us productive during lockdown and we can avail fresh

healthy vegetables anytime For the farming community out there Corona

certainly brought a loss to you but it also showed you the practical implications

of integrated farming system(IFS) To all the respected farmers its not late you

can go for IFS now too

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-55

How IFS will help

You can switch from crop to crop as per the demand of society eg

during lockdown we found many farmers had to bear loss because of

huge production but less marketing of certain crops like watermelon

bananas In such crisis time we should go for some short time crops like

spinach amaranthus radish that will bring good income

Secondly diversification brings more sources of income like those who

just do paddy are at great loss than the

one who does mushroom as well

Mushroom is easily and fast grown

agricultural product

Thirdly for the farmwomen

be the true partner of your husband

in this crisis time Go for post

harvest management and processing

of excess produce and reap the

benefits eg banana chips tomato

ketchup sauce pickles etc

Hence corona outbreak and post

lockdown situation will be a beginning of a new era and all of us should be well

prepared for it Because struggling for existence is the bitter truth of nature Opt

for the right method to bring about right changes in the right time

Richa Mishra Msc (Ag) OUAT

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-56

Upasana Mohapatra

Though India is one of the fastest growing economies in the

world the challenges and the problems faced by Indian

economy lower its growth rateHuge dependence of

population on agriculture and low level of science and

technology are the major concerned areas for boosting the

economy growth rate Recent development in science and

technology can modernise the agriculture for improving the

crop productivity and also uplift the rate of industrial

production Biotechnology is the recent trend in science

and technology which can be used as the key to these

basic problems of agriculture its allied sectors and the industry as well

Biotechnology

Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and

technology According to US National Science Foundation - It is the controlled

use of biological agents such as microorganisms or cellular components for

beneficial useacute Thus biotechnology is an integrated application of knowledge

and technique to draw benefits from properties and capacities of

microorganisms and animals and plants

Biotechnology can be classified as

1) Red Biotechnology or Medical biotechnology- biotechnology used for

production of biopharmaceuticals like recombinant protein enzymes vaccines

and antibiotics

2) White biotechnology or Industrial biotechnology- biotechnology used for

industrial production

3) Green biotechnology or Agricultural biotechnology- biotechnology used

for crop improvement in agriculture

4) Blue biotechnology or Marine biotechnology- biotechnology used for

marine and aquatic applications

Biotechnology ndash A Way to uplift

Indian Economy

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-57

The development of these sectors of biotechnology can lead the way towards

improving economy

Biotechnology in Medical Science

The companies involved in medical biotechnology do

the work on protein purification molecular cloning

and expression of native and synthetic genes

They also offer polyclonal and monoclonal

antibody development and formulation of

certain types of vaccines The in-house

expertise in recombinant DNA technology and

development of cell lines for recombinant

product synthesis improve the production of

drugs and vaccines in medical science which in

succession push the Indian economy Some of

the companies in medical science are Shantha

Biotech Ranbaxy Laboratories and Dr Reddyrsquos

Laboratory (DRL)

Biotechnology in Industry

The bio-manufacturing strategies such as Fermentation technology can catalyse

the production of biopharmaceuticals alcohols foods biofertilizers and

biofuels The production of these products in industrial scale should be

supported through new policies for raising the Indian economy

Biotechnology in marine Science

The major focussed areas in marine science are semi intensive prawn culture

intensive carp culture feed and seed production disease diagnosis and vaccine

development bioactive compounds like biopigments from cyanobacteria

biotransformation of secondary metabolites and

bioprospectingmicrometabolites from marine organisms including

microorganisms see weeds extremophiles bioremediation The

commercialisation of the products and the process in marine biotechnology can

be an useful stategy for development of economic growth rate in India

Biotechnology in Agriculture

Biotechnology can drive the agriculture in a faster speed as it shortens

the breeding cycle of some crops helps in large-scale plant clonal propagation

produces genetically variable crops like virus-free plants disease resistant

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-58

plants herbicide resistant plants insect resistant plant regeneration of forests

(teak eucalyptus sandalwood tamarind rubber and oil palm commercial

production of secondary metabolites from the medicinal and aromatic plants

Also theseed companies like Mahyco Indo-American Hybrid Seed

expanding their RampD to cover biotechnology to develop their own transgenic

crops Some of smaller companies have started employing techniques such as

tissue culture for their breeding programmes for crop improvement

Biotechnology can be a cause in a second Green Revolution with

tremendous opportunities to ensure food security along with the economic well-

being of the farmer Approval of Bt Cotton cultivation in India helps in the

increament of cotton yield and increase the production of textile industry which

supports the Indian economy in great extent

Challenges of Biotechnology in India

If physics and chemistry drove the industrial transformations of the twentieth

century biology promises to generate ground breaking technological

applications in the present one which is the biotechnology Though India has a

separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) state universities research

institute to propagate research in transgenic plants and its cultivation in India

the bioethics and the environmental issues check the growth of biotechnology

and its further application in different sectors including Agriculture food

science marine science and industrial production The attitude toward

transgenics GMOs and the biotechnology should be changed before using this

technology in different sectors of India As a result there will be a harmony in

the utilisation of biotechnology and acceptance of its products in the society

which will lead to an accelerated development of Indian economy

PhD Scholar University of Agricultural

Sciences GKVK Bengaluru

Email id- upasanaprangya92gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-59

Integrated disease management

A boon to sustainable Agriculture

Integrated disease management (IDM) can be referred to

as the cumulative use of various plant disease control

methods like cultural mechanical biological host

resistance or genetic methods along with sparse use of

chemical pesticidesIt is an environment friendly approach

which takes into account the need-base use of chemical

pesticides rather than exploiting the nature with the

toxicity of the same The ultimate objective of IDM is to

bring down the pathogen population below the economic

threshold level

IDM is a wise integration of

- Cultural or mechanical control

- Biological control

- Host resistance

- Chemical control

Cultural Control

It is the most feasible method of control as it can be easily accessible to any

common man Cultural or mechanical method of control takes into account

manipulation and management of environment condition making it unsuitable

for the pathogen to grow and perpetuate on the host plant It includes methods

like crop rotation field sanitation proper irrigation aeration of soil optimum

spacing manipulation of sowing and harvesting dates etc

Biological Control

It refers to use of living organisms to reduce the inoculum density or disease-

causing activities of the pathogensparasites

Host-resistance

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-60

It refers to the cultivation of resistant cultivars to combat disease incidences It

is the inherent character of the plant which has certainly no side effects on the

environment

Chemical control

In IDM chemical control is meant to be the least used method so as to reduce

the adverse impact on the environment It involves need base and seldom use of

chemical pesticides

IDM in India

India having an agrarian economy agriculture acts as the primary source of

living for about 60 of the countryrsquos population Crop loss due to diseases can

go upto 40-50 which is a huge pie of the cake In the era of the

modernization incurring adverse effect on the environment it is the need of the

time to protect our mother nature Minimal use of chemical and exploitation of

the other methods which are environment friendly is the key to survival But the

success of IDM implementation is based on the socio-economic and educational

status of the farmers of the country Proper utilization of the IDM strategy

requires a pre-requisite knowledge on the methods and their implications Lack

of awareness and knowledge on this aspect makes IDM less popular and the

farmers continue to use the conventional plant protection methods with

extensive use of chemical

Future prospects

Plant health clinics should be popularized in order to counselthe farmers and the

commoners regarding the knows and hows of IDM IDM can lead us towards a

more sustainable and stable form of agriculture if practiced appropriately

Sushree Suparna Mahapatra Department of

Plant Pathology

Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology

Gmail - mahapatrasushree9gmailcom

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-61

Agriculture being the sole

supplier of human food is the largest

industry and major land use sector on

the globe Indian agriculture became self sustainable after the era of green

revolution during 1960s In the recent data proposed by the ldquoMinistry of

Agriculture and Farmers Welfarerdquo the agricultural production is around 59569

MT in 2018-19 cropping year The youth dominated country India can achieve

the remarkable production due to emerging entrepreneurial activities in

agriindustry The farmers field is not consider as the producer of food but as a

source of income for the farmer Indiarsquos economy is principally dominated by

agriculture with more than 60 population depending on it for their livelyhood

Agriculture entrepreneurship or agri-preneurship is a concept of latest origin It

is the entrepreneurial process taken up in agriculture or the allied sectors

Agriculture frames the foundation of the countrys economy It is a process of

adopting the new methods processes techniques in agriculture or allied sectors

of agriculture for better output and economic earnings

Agricutural Entrepreneurship

Opportunities and Challenges

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-62

Need of Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Over the period of time from independence till date the GDP contribution

declines from 519 in 1950-51 to 1587 in 2018-19 With repect to the

agricultural production India stands second but as far as the export is concerned

the rank is 14th in the world It was also observed that our countriersquos average

production per hectare is only half of the worldrsquos average Various other areas

viz local availability of agri and horticultural produces lesser investment to

start small scale industries government sponsorship and encouragements

employment oppertunities and check migration of rural youth to urban areas

etc provides a vast scope for agricultural entreprenureship Hence from the

above facts and figures it can be concluded that there is a clear need for

agriprenureship development in this sectors for strengthening the demanad and

production gap infrastructure development supporting faster agricultural

development promoting value addition and preservation creating employment

doubling farmers income and minimizing the challenges faced due to economic

leberalization and globalization etc

Oppertunities for Agricultural Entrepreneurship

There is a popular saying

ldquoThe thing not found in India

can never be found in the universerdquo

(Jaha Nahi Bharate Taha nahi Jagate)

It means India is the rich source of all the amenities and services With

the proper utilization farmer can able to produce the food grains There are

various critical areas in agriculture sector from the farmer to the food till reach

in consumerrsquos plate like input stage farming stage value chain output

processing marketing and various related services India is blessed with varied

agroclimatic diversity and can produce a wide range of produce Presently the

scope and oppertunity of agripreneural activity is increasing as a result of

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-63

globalization and more interconnected world market Few of the agripreneural

activities are discussed below

(i) Input Sector-

The agricultural processes needs a wide range of inputs like seeds

fertilizers pesticides innovative localized and cost effective tools and

techniques There are very promising way forward in sectors like biofertilizers

biopesticides vermicomposting soil amending and testing and R and D in seed

production

(ii) Farming Sector-

The important advisory and recently developed technology and materials

(variety implements fertilizers etc) can be used to enhance the production

Various farming enterprises viz horticultural enterprise organic farming

poultry farming mushroom cultivation Hi-tech farming green house

cultivation vertical faming etc could be a new venture to gain momentum in

agripreneurship

(iii) Value Chain-

Supply chain is the vital platform to help farmers in supplying the

produce from the field to plate Hence intermediaries online web portals e-

marketing can be a good area to look at an entrepreneur

(iv) Processing Sector-

Approximately 30 of the produce produced are lost in the agricultural

sector which can be reduced if properly proceesd and preserved hence this

sector needs entrepreneurial intervention

(v) Marketing Sector-

The highly perishable agricultural commodities needs a very well

organised marketing frame work in the country and outside hence the

agripreneurs must have a eye on this

(vi) Agricultural Services Sector-

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-64

The various farm servises like availability of labour cropping

information weather forecasting insect pest and disease monitoring are very

much essential servises and should be deseminated in proper time hence have a

good scope for agri-entreprenures

Though huge potential for agripreneurship some important challenge

obstruct the path which needs timely and critically varification and correction

Challenges of Aricultural Entrepreneurship

The major challenges are inadequate infrastructure lack of

entrepreneurial culture migration of the rural farmer and skilled labourer to

urban areas poor technological and equipmental intervention inadiquate and

improper supply of inputs problem in marketing of the agricultural produce

produced uneven demand interventions of middle man inadiquate institutional

measures and government policies fragmented land holdings deteriorating

natural resourses and the natural calamities pose a serious hindrance on

agripreneurial activities The entrepreneur should mentally stable enough to

countercat those to achive the most

Conclusion

It is very much clear from the foregoing discussion that the agricultural

entrepreneurship have a wide potential for the upcoming entrepreneurs

However the constraints and challenges should be considered before jumping to

the agriprenurial activity as stated in a old saying

ldquoDo farming to get 100 profit

or do it for atleast 10 investmentrdquo

So at the end it can be concluded that the profit and sustanability both

should be the outlook for an agrientreprenure

Subhrajyoti Mishra PhD Research Scholar Department of Horticultuee

College of Horticulture JAU Junagadh

gyacuteucircck iecircapermileth gc iotildeLyacuteucirc _eacuteAcircucirc-65

Ordinance on Contract farming

Odisha Governmentrsquos vision for

Expansion amp Intensification

Odisha is an agricultural state with about 74 of its rural

workforce relying upon agriculture with a marginal small

land holding also out of which more than 50 are below

poverty line This fragmented land holdings have become the major barrier

before the farmers to expand their farming activities of investments as well as

technological advancements Even many of them are devoid of the lift-irrigation

facility under water stress conditions The government intervention with

measures like MSP Subsidy and loan waivers have only managed to save the

farmers from economic crisis but there is very few measures taken so far like

formation of FPOs and cooperative farming which would have increased the

farmerrsquos capacity productivity and economic status practically

In view to this capacity amp productivity expansion government of Odisha

recently promulgated an Ordinance on Contract farming Where it has made

legal provisions for corporate interventions in agricultural sector of Odisha

through contract farming which means the corporates can take on the lands on

lease or make contracts for the large scale specialized farming The government

has clarified this decision as being made to bring the fragmented land under one

management to optimize resource productivity amp also to encourage agricultural

exports of the state Though the government made mandates to safe guard the

farmersrsquo right on land as well as restricting the sponsor not to realize the

advances given to farmers by sales or mortgage of lands but only against the

produced commodity

The formulated laws amp amendments being structured and written so-well need

to be implemented as-well The ordinance any-how brings opportunity for the

state amp corporates it must take our farmers beside giving them a part in the

whole production process with a good extra-income rather than treating them

only as land owners

Jagadananda Pradhan

Editorial member Shyamala Subarna