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Detailed Requirements for Editing Theses and Diploma Projects Written in Polish under the Supervision of the
Faculty of Management and Economics at Gdansk University of Technology
Written by a team of authors:
Beata Basińska, Ph.D
Igor Garnik, Ph.D, Eng.
Gdańsk, 2014
Student’s name and surname: <name, surname>
University Student Number: <USN>
Type of studies: <first cycle / second cycle>
Form of studies: <full-time course / part-time course>
Field of studies: < name of the field of studies >
Specialization/profile: <name of specialization / profile>
<MASTER’S THESIS / BACHELOR’S THESIS / ENGINEERING PROJECT>
Thesis title: Detailed Requirements for Editing Theses and Diploma Projects Written in
Polish under the Supervision of the Faculty of Management and Economics at Gdansk
University of Technology
Confirmation of thesis acceptance
Supervisor
signature
Head of Department / Section
signature
<Job title, academic degree, name,
surname >
< Job title, academic degree, name,
surname >
DECLARATION OF THE THESIS AUTHOR(page no 2, the number should not be visible)
The student has to download from the mojaPG platform the above-mentioned
Declaration which complies with Annex No.2 to the Ordinance No.15/2014 of 24th March 2014
issued by the Rector of Gdansk University of Technology.
-------- page break --------
ABSTRACT (IN POLISH) (page no 3, the number should be visible)
The thesis abstract (maximum 1 page) should feature the following: the statement of
the scientific or practical problem to be addressed, the purpose and scope of the thesis, the
description of the applied research methods, findings and key conclusions.
Keywords:
Field of Science and Technology, as required by OECD: <field >, <technology >, …
-------- page break -------
3
ABSTRACT (IN ENGLISH)(page no 4, the number should be visible)
The abstract (maximum 1 page) is a summary of the thesis in English containing the
same elements as its Polish equivalent.
Keywords:
-------- page break --------
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS(page no 4, the number should be visible)
Line spacing in the table of contents is 1 line. Spacing for the top paragraph is 0 pts and
for the bottom one 6 pts.
The table of contents should be arranged according to the standard reproduced
below. Appropriate page numbers should be provided. When using MS Word programs the table of contents can be generated automatically using one of the text styles. Then, however,
it has to be verified for compliance with the following standard presented below.
List of important symbols and abbreviations................................................ page number
Introduction........................................................................................................... page number
1.Title of the first chapter................................................................................ page number
1.1.Title of a subchapter..................................................................................... page number
1.1.1.Title of a subchapter section ..................................................................... page number
1.2. Title of a subchapter..................................................................................... page number
Subsequent chapters, subchapters and their sections.......................................... page number
Summary...................................................................................................... page number
Bibliography......................................................................................................... page number
List of figures.................................................................................................... page number
List of tables........................................................................................................... page number
List of appendices............................................................................................... page number
-------- page break --------
5
LIST OF IMPORTANT SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONSe – measurement uncertainty
f – frequency [Hz]
i, j, l, m – indeces
k – Boltzmann’s Constant 1,38 ∙ 10-23 Ws/K
T – measurement time [s]
CDM – Context Driven Model
SOA – Service Oriented Architecture
Symbols used in a formula should be typed in italics, whereas abbreviations in light
type.
-------- page break --------
6
INTRODUCTIONThe present work defines editorial requirements to be met by diploma theses and
projects written in Polish under the supervision of the Faculty of Management and Economics at
Gdansk University of Technology. The document is based on the Ordinance No.15/2014 of 24th
March 2014 issued by the Rector of Gdansk University of Technology which concerns the
introduction of editorial guidelines and requirements that authors of theses and diploma projects
pursued at Gdansk University of Technology have to follow.
Further chapters include detailed information on thesis formatting
as well as on the rules of quoting and referencing bibliographical sources. The appendices to
the present work contain instructions for using a so called bibliography manager in MS Word
text editors. The notion of a bibliography manager is explained in subchapter 2.5.
The formatting of this paper complies with the standard obligatory for diploma theses
and projects.
The introduction to a thesis defines the background of the problem investigated in order
to justify the importance of the thesis topic. It should also feature questions which the thesis
author intends to resolve in his/her work. Furthermore, the introduction should determine the
purpose and expected results of the dissertation. It should not exceed 3 pages and its title,
in contrast to other chapters, is not numbered.
-------- page break --------
7
1. DOCUMENT FORMATTING This chapter presents detailed formal requirements for formatting the thesis or diploma
projects.
1.1. Page layout
1.1.1. Paper size
The thesis ought to be printed and bound in A4 format. The usage of larger formats for
single pages in a document is allowed in exceptional cases, e.g. when information (project
drawings, diagrams, tables, etc) is too complex to be put on A4 size paper without making it less
comprehensible. Then, however, pages in a larger format should be folded to A4 size in the way
making it possible to unfold them easily after binding.
1.1.2. Paper orientation
Vertical orientation ought to be adopted for the whole document. However, horizontal
orientation is allowed in cases similar to those described above. Before binding the page should
be set vertically by turning it to the left.
1.1.3. Margins
As the document is prepared for two-sided printing, its margins have to be set in the
mirror image:
top: 2,5 cm,
bottom: 2,5 cm,
inner: 3,5 cm,
outer: 2,5 cm.
In MS Word text editors this is achieved by selecting the Mirror option,
setting all margins to 2,5 cm and the binding margin to 1 cm. The same margin setup is
recommended for pages in a non-standard size or orientation.
1.1.4. Page numbering
Due to the two-sided printing of a thesis, page numbers ought to be placed in the footer
of the document and centre aligned. Page numbering is hidden both on the title page and on the
next one containing the Declaration. Visible pagination starts with page 3 including the Abstract
in Polish and finishes with the page containing Appendices. It is continuous throughout the work
and written in Arabic numerals in Arial 9 font. Pages in a non-standard format or horizontally
oriented which appear in a given thesis should also be numbered.
In practice, both the title page and the one including the Declaration are downloaded
from the mojaPG platform, thus the first page of the document written in the text editor is page 3
with the Abstract in Polish. For this very reason, number 3 should be set as initial when the
visibility of numbering is activated on the document first page.
8
1.1.5. Body text
Here are the settings for the body text:
font: Arial,
font size: 10 pts,
line spacing: 1,5 lines,
the text is aligned to both margins (justified),
paragraph first line indentation is 1.25 cm.
1.1.6.Headings
In the thesis there may appear up to three levels of headings . All headings of chapters,
subchapters and subchapter sections should be left-aligned to the text edge. Table 1.1 presents
typefaces recommended for headings
Tabela 1.1. Font size in headings
Heading level Example Font size and style
1st level heading 1. CHAPTER TITLE 12 pts, uppercase, boldface
2nd level heading 1.1. Subchapter title 10 pts, boldface, italics
3rd level heading 1.1.1. Section of a subchapter 10 pts, italics
Source: Order of the Rector of Gdansk University of Technology No. 17/2014 of 1st April 2014
The title of the next chapter should always appear on a new page. There exists a
definite spacing for each paragraph containing the title of a chapter, a subchapter or a section of
a subchapter:
top 12 pts,
bottom 6 pts.
1.1.7. Bulleted lists and numbering.
Here is an example of providing information in bullet points in a proper manner:
each element of a list is preceded with a bullet point and starts with a lowercase
letter;
lines finish with a comma or a semicolon except the last one followed by a full stop;
it is not possible for a bulleted list to include only one element;
in this document the Bullet Points style is used to format the text in the form of a
bulleted list.
Numbered lists can also be applied for enumerating, as shown in the example below:
Each main element is preceded with an Arabic numeral and starts with an uppercase letter.
Lines of enumeration finish with full stops.
If the main element consists of the second level elements, then:
a) the next level of the list begins with letter symbols;
b) the text of an element begins with a small letter;
c) lines of numbering the second and further rows finish with a comma or a semicolon,
except the last element followed by a full stop;
9
It is not possible for a numbered list to include only one element.
In this document the ‘Bullet Points style is used to format the text in the form of a numbered list.
1.1.8.Tables and captions.
The table title is placed directly above the table and aligned to its left edge. As shown in
the exemplary tables 1.1 and 1.2 below, it is recommended to use Font size 9 pts is and to skip
full stops at the end. Here is the spacing for a paragraph containing a table description:
top 6 pts,
bottom 0 pts.
Two types of table cells formatting can be used depending on the table content.
1) Text data in a table should be presented in the way shown in the exemplary table 1.1 below,
namely using font size 9 pts and aligning the text to the left edge of the table cells.
2) Figures in a table should be presented in the way shown in table 1.2 below, namely using
font size 9 pts. The content of the first column is aligned to the left, while the content of
other columns is centered. If the data is presented in the form of specific units of
measurement, they should be put in square brackets and appear in column headers, e.g.
‘Gross Revenue [mln PLN]’
The tables are numbered sequentially within each chapter. The table sequence number (in
the table title) appears after the word ‘Table’ followed by the chapter number and a full stop
(e.g. Table 1.1. Amount …).Each table should be referred to in the thesis, as shown in the
following example: ‘Table 1.1 shows…’.
The width of the table cannot exceed the limits established for the whole text. If it is
necessary to divide the table between subsequent pages, then the table header should be
reproduced on each page via the option :Table features... > chart: line> option: Repeat as a
header at the beginning of each page.
10
Table 1.2. Staff remuneration in the initial phase
Employee Rate [PLN/h]
Working hours
[h]
To be paid [PLN]
Project manager 3000* - 3 000
Analyst 50 84 4 200
Designer / Programmer 70 42 2 940Architect / Graphic designer 50 42 2 100
Tester 45 20 900
Programmer 60 30 1 800
Total: 14 940
* non-recurring remuneration
Source: own compilation
If data included in a table require further commentary, the legend should appear in an
extra line at the bottom of the table. The text inside it is left aligned, as shown in Table 1.2.
The source of data presented in the table is placed just below it. The description of the
data source ought to be written in font 9 pts and left aligned to the table edge. The spacing for a
paragraph containing the data source description follows the rules for table titles, i.e.:
top 6 pts,
bottom 0 pts.
The first paragraph following the table is separated from it with a top spacing of 12 pts.
1.1.9.Figures and captions.
Figures are numbered consecutively in order of appearance in a chapter. Below the
figure there appears a caption preceded by the abbreviation (Fig.), the chapter number and the
figure sequential number, e.g. Fig. 1.1. All figures appearing in the thesis should be centered. The spacing for the exemplary
paragraph including figure 1.1 is as follows:
top 12 pts,
bottom 0 pts.
The width of the figure cannot exceed the limits established for the whole text. However,
the figure may be so large and detailed that it is impossible to adjust it to the text width without
making it less comprehensible. In such cases the usage of another paper orientation or a larger
paper size is permitted, as described in subchapter 1.1.
Each table should be referred to in the thesis, as in the following example: ‘Figure1.1
shows…’. If the thesis is written in Polish, all tables and figures have to be described in Polish,
too.
Here is an example showing how to place figures and captions properly:
11
a) b)
Fig. 1.1. Emblem of the Technical University of Gdansk, a) in Polish, b) in English. Source: Technical University of Gdansk –Visual Identity Book, 2013
Figure captions are centered and typed in Font 9 pts. The source of the figure is
provided without a full stop at the end. Here are formatting requirements for paragraphs
containing figures:
top spacing 6 pts,
bottom spacing 12 pts.
line spacing – 1 line
The first paragraph following the figure begins after the top spacing of 12 pts.
1.1.10. Formulas.
Italics should be used to describe variables, e.g. x, ni, ni+1, while boldface is
recommended for symbols denoting vectors and matrices, e.g. v, A. A minus sign appears
directly in front of a number without any spacebar, e.g.(–20). The degree symbol (°) and the
percent sign (%) directly follow the value they refer to, e.g. 25°C i 78% respectively. The
numerical value and the unit of measure are separated by a spacebar, e.g.. 1 V, 10 km.
If possible, one should avoid inserting equations (INSERT > Equation) directly in the
paragraph text. If a given equation can be presented clearly in one line, it is recommended to
follow this example: 1/2t2 or e2x+1. Afterwards, the meaning of each symbol has to be indicated,
e.g. where: t –time[s].
Equations which might appear incomprehensible when written in one line, should be
presented in a separate paragraph, e.g.
s=vo⋅t+a⋅t2
2 (1.1) where:
s –distance in rectilinear, uniformly accelerated motion, [m],
vo – initial velocity [m/s],
t – time of the body movement [s],
a –acceleration [m/s2].
Each equation has to be centre aligned and on the right there appears a symbol
specifying its number. The symbol consists of parentheses which contain the equation
sequential number preceded by a chapter number and a full stop. All equations should be
12
referred to in the thesis, as shown in the following example: ‘Dependence 1.1 makes it possible
to estimate…’.
1.1.11. Text punctuation and aesthetics.
It is important to use punctuation marks, spacing and tabulation characters with due
diligence. As regards punctuation marks the following applies: a full stop, a colon, a comma and
a semicolon directly follow the preceding word and are separated from the next one with a
single spacebar, e.g. „... word. Word ...”. It is unacceptable to put a spacebar in front of these
marks.
Ellipsis is separated from the adjacent words with a single spacebar both before and
after it, e.g. ’word ... word’.
A hyphen (a short line) is used without a spacebar, e.g. to connect adjectives: ‘the
technical-economic analysis’. A dash (a long line), in contrast, is separated from the adjacent
words with a single spacebar. The dash is usually used to introduce intercalations in a
sentence or to explain ideas, e.g.: ‘A dash – a punctuation mark in the form of a longer,
horizontal line situated near the mid writing line.’
It is unacceptable to double a spacebar, e.g. in order to increase the spacing between
words – text editors automatically set the width of a space in order to maintain the best text
legibility. All the more, tabulation characters must not be replaced with a repeated use of
spacebars. If there exists a justified need to put an excerpt in a place other than implied by the
text style, then one should use tabulation characters or adjust text indentation or protrusion –
appropriate controls appear on a toolbar displayed over the site.
Conjunctions and prepositions, such as: a, i, o, u, w, or z, cannot be left at the end of
lines. The recommended method of transferring them is to use a so-called manual line break
inserted before a one-letter word via the key combination: Shift + Ctrl + Enter.
A numerical value may happen to appear at the end of a line and, as a result, its unit of
measure is moved to the next line. To avoid this one can insert a so-called non-breaking space
between a number and its unit via the key combination: Shift + Ctrl + Space.
1.1.12. Footnotes.
Footnotes, if any, should be placed under a line and numbered consecutively
throughout the length of the text. Footnotes are not used for referencing literature sources 1 –
the proper way of referring to sources is presented in the next chapter. Footnotes are inserted
via the following option: REFERENCES > Insert bottom footnotes
Endnotes are not used in theses.
-------- page break --------
1 Bottom footnotes are used to provide extra commentary or clarification to a given piece of text.
13
2. REFERENCING BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES IN THE TEXTWhile writing a thesis we justify our choices and invoke other authors’ opinions by
referring to previously published literature. There are two basic means of referring to the works
of other authors. The first is a summary of someone’s views or ideas. The second is a literal
quotation of the source text. Below there appear detailed instructions showing how to refer to
bibliographical sources in the text body of the thesis. They follow the standard of American
Psychological Association (APA) ‘Publication Manual’, sixth Edition.
2.1. Referencing literature (cross-references to sources)The views of another author can be invoked in two ways. In the first method the
surname of the quoted author, which is directly followed by the year of source publication given
in parentheses, appears in the text including his/her beliefs.
Example:
Warr (1994) presented a vitamin concept of motivation to work.
In the second method both the author’s surname and the year of source publication are
provided in parentheses.
Example:
The vitamin concept of motivation (Warr, 1994) is the development of earlier theoretical concepts,
such as The Characteristics of the motivational potential of work (Hackman and Oldham, 1976).
The next section presents examples showing how to refer to authors’ names both in a
sentence and in parentheses.
2.1.1. Referencing the work by one author
If the reference is made to the work of one author, then his/her name and the year of
publication are given in parentheses.
Example:
Self-esteem is most often defined in general terms (Rosenberg, 1965).
or Self-esteem is most often defined in general terms suggested by Rosenberg (1965).
2.1.2. Referencing the work by two authors
In case of two authors their surnames are connected with a conjunction ‘and’ if the
reference is made in a sentence including their beliefs. If their names appear in parentheses,
they should be separated with a comma and followed by the year of publication.
Example:
A new approach to self-esteem combining personality traits with emotions and self-confidence
was suggested by Judge i Bono (2001).
orA new approach to self-esteem combining personality traits with emotions and self-confidence
(Judge, Bono, 2001).
14
2.1.3. Referencing the work by three, four or five authors
When dealing with three, four or five authors of the work, their surnames are provided in
parentheses and separated from one another with a comma. If they are listed in a sentence, the
last-mentioned surname is preceded by the conjunction ‘and’.
Example:
(...) whereas the on-line version of the Overall Scale of Self-efficacy is applied to assess self-
efficacy (Schwartz, Luszczynska, Guterrez-Dona, 2005).
or(...) whereas the on-line version of the Overall Scale of Self-efficacy developed by Schwartz,
Luszczynska and Guterrez-Dona (2005) is applied to assess self-efficacy.
2.1.4. Referencing the work by six or more authors
When there appear to be six or more authors of the work, one should provide the
surname of the first author followed by the abbreviation ‘et al. indicating other co-authors and
the year of publication.
Example:
According to Kornitzer at al. (1983) the extreme approach to (…)
orStructural equation modelling is an advanced technology that avoids the limitations of simpler
techniques (Kornitzer at al., 1983).
2.1.5. Summary and specific cases
General rules and specific cases:
names of authors are separated with a comma
multiple works referred to in parentheses are separated with a semicolon and
provided in the alphabetical order by the first author’s surname;
if the reference to a given source appears at the end of a sentence, the full stop is
put after the parentheses;
several works by the same author published in different years should be provided in
a chronological order from the oldest to the most recent e.g. (Sikorski, 2010, 2011);
several works by the same author published in the same year are additionally
marked with letters a, b, c (e.g. Sikorski, 2011a; Sikorski, 20011b);
when two authors with the same surname are referred to, their surnames should
always be preceded with the initial of the first name e.g. J. Wachowicz (2010) as
well as K. Wachowicz and Brzozowska (1995) or (J. Wachowicz, 2010; K.
Wachowicz,,Brzozowska,1995).
Table 2.1. contains the summary of the above-mentioned rules.
15
Table 2.1. Referencing sources in the text.
Number of authors
The first cross-reference in the text
Consecutive cross-references in the text
The first cross-reference in the text given in parentheses
Consecutive cross-references in the text given in parentheses
One author Lis (2013) Lis (2013) (Lis, 2013) (Lis, 2013)Two authors Lis, Łopatowska
(2011)Lis, Łopatowska (2011)
(Lis, Łopatowska, 2011)
(Lis, Łopatowska, 2011)
Three to sixauthors
Lis, Łopatowska, Wirkus (2012)
Lis i in. (2012) (Lis, Łopatowska, Wirkus, 2012)
(Lis i in., 2012)
Six or moreauthors
Lis i in. (2010) Lis i in. (2010) (Lis i in., 2010) (Lis i in., 2010)
Authors with the same surname
A. Lis, K. Lis (2014)
A. Lis, K. Lis (2014)
(A. Lis, K. Lis, 2014)
(A. Lis, K. Lis, 2014)
Multiple worksby the sameauthor published in different years
Sikorski (2010, 2012)
Sikorski (2010, 2012)
(Sikorski, 2010, 2012)
(Sikorski, 2010, 2012)
Multiple worksby the sameauthor published in the same year
Sikorski (2010a, 2010b)
Sikorski (2010a, 2010b)
(Sikorski, 2010a, 2010b)
(Sikorski, 2010a, 2010b)
Works by different authors in the same parentheses
- -
(Garnik, 2008; Sikorski, 2012)
(Garnik, 2008; Sikorski, 2012)
Organization as an author:Organization known under the commonly accepted abbreviation
Faculty of Management and Economics (WZiE, 2014)
WZiE (2014) (Faculty of Management and Economics [WZiE], 2014)
(WZiE, 2014)
Organization – full name
Gdansk University of Technology (2014)
Gdansk University of Technology (2014)
(Gdansk University of Technology, 2014)
(Gdansk University of Technology, 2014)
Source: own compilation based on ...
2.2. Referencing indirect sources It is not recommended to refer to the secondary sources (so-called indirect references).
However, one is allowed to cite an indirect source on an exceptional basis if an interesting
concept of one author is mentioned in another source and it is impossible to access the original
work.
Example:
Warr (1994, as cited in Bonk, Retowski, 2013) suggested the vitamin model.
2.3. Referring to information obtained in personIf you wish to refer to another author’s views presented by him/her in person-to-person
communication or during a lecture, you should first state the fact that it was personal
communication and then provide the communicator’s initial and surname along with the date of
obtaining the information.
Example:
Timing method was presented during the lecture on Work Process Organization (personal
communication J. Grabosz, 18th May 2014).
16
or
According to J. Grabosza (personal communication, 18th May 2014) a team leader is
responsible for the team communication with the environment.
2.4. Referencing internet sources While referring to information obtained from electronic sources one should provide the
author’s surname and the year of source publication. When information about authorship is not
available, then the source title and its year of publication are to be given. If, however, the
publication date is unknown, either, the title is provided together with the date of downloading
the source.
Example:
This issue was addressed in the article ‘Trust as the basis for e-commerce’ (2010)
2.5. Using bibliography manager The examples presented above clearly show that maintaining a uniform referencing
style requires special care and may not be easy. Therefore, it is advisable to use a so-called
bibliography manager which can perform several functions:
1) it enables formatting references in accordance with the accepted standard –there
exist several citation standards and authors are often obliged (e.g. by a publisher) to
adopt a given one (a so-called referencing style); the bibliography manager allows
for the selection of a certain standard;
2) it enables managing bibliographical entries connected with the thesis subject matter
– the thesis author, while reviewing literature, enters the descriptions of literature
items into the manager, which makes it easy to reference them in the thesis via a
simple selection tool (e.g. with a computer mouse);
3) it allows for verifying the completeness of bibliographical descriptions –due to the
formalized procedure of entering literature items it is easy to check whether all
elements of the bibliographical description (e.g. author, year of publication, title,
publisher, etc.) have been entered;
4) it creates automatic reference lists on the basis of sources used in the thesis – the
reference list contains only the items the thesis author refers to in his/her work;
the source is automatically deleted from the reference list at the end of the thesis, if
all references to it are eliminated from the text body.
Text editors, such as MS Word, have a built-in bibliography manager which is briefly
described in Appendix 1. The bibliography can also be managed by external applications
(programmes) which additionally include the function of importing bibliographical descriptions
from websites, databases or directly from documents in electronic form. Mendeley, Zotero and
EndNote are among the most popular applications of this type.
17
3. QUOTESWhen directly citing another author’s work, then, in contrast to paraphrasing, one should
always provide the quoted author’s surname, the year of publication as well as the page number
of the reference material preceded by ‘p’. In case of sources without page numbering, the
number of a paragraph containing the quoted lines ought to be provided. Obviously, all quoted
sources are included in the reference list.
Quotations not exceeding 40 words are placed within quotation marks. As in case of
referring to sources that are paraphrased or summarised, there are two reference methods
here.
Firstly, the name of the quoted author is provided in the sentence including his/her
opinion.
Example:
While interpreting the findings of their research, Robbins at al. (2003) concluded, that
‘interdependencies between all examined variables except the amount of earnings are statistically
significant’ (p. 25), which is consistent with the views of the authors of this work.
Secondly, the name of the quoted author is provided in parentheses.
Example:
The results of published studies show, that ‘moderate interdependencies between all examined
variables except the amount of earnings are statistically significant’ (Robbins at al., 2003, p. 25).
If a quote to be included in the thesis exceeds 40 words, then it should be indented and
quotation marks can be omitted.
Example:
The following data point to the article originality:
The narrative literature review suggests that weak retention rates, high turnover, heavy
workloads, low staffing levels and/or staffing shortages conspire to create a difficult working environment
for health professionals, one in which they may struggle to provide high-quality care and which may also
contribute to health professional burnout. The review demonstrates that health workforce planning
concerns, such as these, impact on health professional burnout and on the ability of health professionals
to deliver quality care. The review also demonstrates that most of the published papers published between
2000 and 2013 addressing health professional burnout and quality of care were nursing focused.
(Humphries et al., 2014, p. 338).
If the quote comes from online sources and neither authorship nor page numbers can
be provided, then one should give the paragraph number:
‘The narrative literature review suggests that weak retention rates, high turnover, heavy
workloads, low staffing levels and/or staffing shortages conspire to create a difficult working environment
for health professionals, one in which they may struggle to provide high-quality care and which may also
contribute to health professional burnout.’ (paragraph 5).
When a piece of the quoted text is to be skipped, it should be indicated with ellipsis in
parentheses ‘(…)’.
19
If there appear citations containing more than 400 words or if passages quoted in the
thesis exceed a total of 800 words from one source, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the
quoted author.
-------- page break --------
20
SUMMARY
Each thesis or diploma project has to include a chapter entitled Summary. The chapter
in question should precede the Reference list and its title is not numbered.
In the Summary the author presents in a concise and orderly manner the results, work
achievements and/or research findings obtained in the course of developing the thesis. The
author should refer to the purpose and assumptions of the thesis as well as to the outcomes
described in individual chapters. Afterwards, conclusions have to be formulated and interpreted
on the basis of the activities conducted. Furthermore, the summary should specify which actions
should be implemented if work on the thesis topic is continued or what needs to be improved if
the results were unsatisfactory.
-------- page break --------
21
REFERENCE LIST ( EW. BIBLIOGRAPHY)This chapter shows how bibliographical information on literature included in the
reference list should be formatted depending on the type of source.
3.1. Books in the reference list
3.1.1. Book:
Author´s surname, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.
Hall, R. E., Taylor, J. B. (2010). Macroeconomics. Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers PWN.
3.1.2. Edited book:
Surname, Initial(s). (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.
Beksiak, J. (2001). (Ed.). Economics. Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers PWN.
3.1.3. Chapter in a monograph:
Surname, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In: Initial(s). Surname (Ed.). Title of monograph (first and last page of chapter). Place of publication: Publisher.
Sikorski, W, (2010) Design in Engineering Practice. In: A. Nosowski (Ed.). Modern Design (p. 23-67). Poznan: WWWNet.
3.1.4.Chapter in a serial monograph:
Surname, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In: Initial(s). Surname (Ed.). Title of book: Volume Number. Name of Volume (p. xxx-xxx). Place of publication: Publisher.
Studenski, R. (1984). Purpose, method and procedure of employee assessment. In: Z. Ratajczak (Ed.). Psychological problems of human functioning at work: 4. Psychological basis of employee assessment (p.161-167). Katowice: University of Silesia.
3.1.5. Book with no author:
Title of book (Year of publication). Location: Publisher.
It is not a book (2011). Warsaw: NarBook.
Organization as an author:
Organization (Year of publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
WHO/ILO (2000). Mental health and work: impact, issues and good practices. Monograph. Geneva: WHO
3.1.6. Entry in a dictionary or encyclopaedia:
Surname, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Entry. In: Name of a dictionary (Volume Number, p. xx). Location: Publisher.
Bartkowski, A. (1987). Art. In: Universal Encyclopaedia PWN (Vol. 4, p. 385). Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers PWN.
3.2. Articles in the reference list
3.2.1. Article:
Surname, Initial(s)., Surname, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of magazine, yearbook number (issue number), beginning page number – ending page number.
22
Warr, P. (1994). A conceptual framework for the study of work and mental health. Work & Stress, 8(2), 84-97.
Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of applied Psychology, 86(1), 80-92.
3.2.2. Article by more than six authors:
Kornitzer, M., Dramaix, M., Thilly, C., De Backer, G., Kittel, F., Graffar, M., … Vuylsteek, K. (1983). Belgian heart disease prevention project: incidence and mortality results. The Lancet, 321(8333), 1066-1070.
3.2.3. Article with DOI number:
Surname, Initial(s), Surname, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of periodical, yearbook number (issue number), beginning page number – ending page number. DOI:11111111.
Siegrist, J., Starke, D., Chandola, T., Godin, I., Marmot, M., Niedhammer, I., Peter, R. (2004). The measurement of effort-reward imbalance at work: European comparisons. Social Science & Medicine, 58(8), 1483-1499. DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00351-4
3.2.4. Article in a popular magazine:
Surname, Initial(s). (Year and month of publication). Title of article. Name of magazine, volume number, pages.
Wright, K. (2002, 11). Lifetime. World of Science, 135, 40-47.
3.2.5. Article in a newspaper:
Surname, Initial(s). (Year, day, month). Title of article. Name of a newspaper, p. xx-xx.
Kondratowicz A. (2003, 3rd October). ‘S’ versus McDonald’s. Gazeta Wyborcza, p. 9.
3.3. Unpublished materials
3.3.1. Unpublished typescript, not submitted for publication:
Surname, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Typescript title. Unpublished typescript, Name of Organization.
Basińska, B. (2002). The concept of stress at work. Unpublished typescript, Technical University of Gdansk.
3.3.2. Unpublished typescript, accepted for printing:
Surname, Initial(s). (In print). Typescript title. Title of periodical.
Roztocka, A. H. (in print). The use of factor analysis in marketing research. Operations Research and Decisions.
3.4. On-line materials If materials available in the Internet are to be included in the reference list, the
procedure similar to that for printed sources should be adopted. Instead of the publisher,
however, the access path is provided with no full stop at the end.
3.4.1. Article:
Surname, Initial(s). (Date). Title of article. Title of periodical [on-line]. Retrieved from: access path
*no websites are to be provided!
23
3.4.2. Chapter from a book/materials:
Surname, Initial(s). (Date). Title of chapter. In: Title of materials [on-line]. Retrieved from: access path
3.4.3. On-line materials:
Surname, Initial(s). (Date). Title of materials [on-line]. Retrieved from: access path
3.5. The order of sources in a bibliographyLiterature items in the bibliography are listed in alphabetical order by the authors’
surnames. If there appear to be a few works by the same author, they are listed in order of
publication date from the oldest to the most recent. Works of authors with the same surname
should be listed in alphabetical order by the authors’ first names. Names of organizations being
authors should be included in the reference list in the same way as authors’ names.
Paragraphs containing individual items of literature should be formatted as follows:
line spacing for each bibliographical entry: 1 line
paragraph spacing: top 0 pts, bottom 6 pts.
first line indentation: 1,25 cm
Here is an exemplary reference list:
Bonk, E., Retowski, S. (2013). Retirement—relief or torment? The perception of retirement based on research among the students of the University of Third Age. Polish Gerontology, 21(1), 25-31.
CIOP (2010). Safety Standards. Warsaw: CIOP.
Fiedor, B. (2010). The economic crisis and the crisis of economics as a science. The Economist, 4, 453-466.
Hackman, J. R., Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational behaviour and human performance, 16(2), 250-279.
Jeurissen, T., Nyklíček, I. (2001). Testing the Vitamin Model of job stress in Dutch health care workers. Work & Stress, 15(3), 254-264.
Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of applied Psychology, 86(1), 80-92.
Kornitzer, M., Dramaix, M., Thilly, C., De Backer, G., Kittel, F., Graffar, M., … Vuylsteek, K. (1983). Belgian heart disease prevention project: incidence and mortality results. The Lancet, 321(8333), 1066-1070.
Rector of Gdansk University of Technology (2014), Ordinance of the Rector of Gdansk University of Technology no. 17/2014 of 1st April 2014.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Warr, P. (1987). Work, unemployment, and mental health. Oxford University Press.
Warr, P. (1994). A conceptual framework for the study of work and mental health. Work & Stress, 8(2), 84-97.
24
LIST OF FIGURES
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LIST OF TABLES
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LIST OF APPENDICES
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25
APPENDIX 1. SOURCE MANAGEMENT IN MS WORD
Microsoft Word text editors (MS 2007, 2010 and 2013) provide a tool for managing
references which is located in the Citations & Bibliography group on the References tab:
In order to enter new bibliographic information or add it to an already existing document,
you should open the Source Manager dialog box clicking on Manage Sources:
In the Source Manager box there are two lists available: the Master List – including all
sources added by a user and the Current List which is attributed to the document being
currently edited.
.
Individual items of bibliographic information can be copied from one list to the other or
deleted from them. It is also possible to add new items or edit the ones added earlier. In order to
add a new reference one should click on New... and the Create Source dialog box will appear.
26
The illustration below shows an exemplary Create Source dialog box (the new source here is a book)
First, you should select the type of source from the Type of Source pull-down list and
then enter all the relevant information in the Bibliography Fields section in accordance with
the bibliographic data of the source to be added (e.g.in case of a book such data appear on the
back side of the title page). To allow Word to format the authors’ name click Edit next to the
dialog box Author. Names can also be added directly in the dialog box Author. The general
rule should be remembered that the author’s first/middle names follow his/her last name after a
comma. Multiple author names are separated from one another with a semicolon.
The layout of the form fields depends on the type of source. A new source is added both
to the Current List and the Master List.
The sources already existing in the reference list are edited via the same dialog box as
before:
27
APPENDIX 2. SELECTING THE STYLE FOR CITATIONS AND INSERTING REFERENCES
In order to select the appropriate style for referencing one should click the arrow next to
Style in the Citations & Bibliography group:
There are a few basic styles installed by default in MS Word programmes. However,
APA Sixth Edition style is missing in 2007 and 2010 versions. The APA style, as well as other
additional ones, can be downloaded when the is program upgraded (Upgrade option should be
selected while installing MS Word). The style list is stored by default in the Bibliography/Style file which is located in the folder containing the Office programs. For MS Office 2010, for
example, it is the following folder: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office14\
Bibliography\Style.
In order to insert a reference to a given source in the edited text, one should click
Insert Citation in the Citations & Bibliography group and select the desired item
from the drop-down list. The list includes only the items from the Current List of the source
manager.
28
The drawback of MS Word bibliography manager is that it allows for inserting references only in one format – e.g. (Kowalski and Kabacki, 2002) – and that it is not fully compatible with APA standard described in Chapter 3 (in the above-mentioned example the conjunction ‘and’ should not be put between the two names). Nevertheless, the use of this tool facilitates managing the sources and prevents omitting any of them in the reference list. Furthermore, all changes made in the descriptions of the cited works by means of the source manager are automatically introduced both in the references and in the reference list.
From a practical point of view, even after the completion of thesis drafting it is possible
to amend references replacing a quote with static text during the final formatting. To do this one
should select the citation to be edited, then click Insert Citation and choose Convert Citation to Static Text option:
After the change presented above the reference will no longer be automatically
updated.
29
APPENDIX 3. INSERTING THE REFERENCE LIST The bibliography manager makes it possible to automatically generate the reference list.
For this purpose one should click where a reference list is intended to be inserted. Then, on the
References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, Bibliography ought to be selected:
The title of the list can be edited and it is recommended to change it into Bibliography.
One should remember that all items from the current list are included in the
bibliography. Therefore, all non-quoted works have to be deleted from the current list before the
Bibliography is created. Any source that has been referred to at least once in the thesis will be
marked with the following sign in the current list: ‘’:
30