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©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee RF4CE
“A quiet Revolution going on”
Cees Links – Marketing Chair ZigBee RF4CE
May 2011 – v 26
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee RF4CE
Entertainment Control
Rev. 1.8
Mar-2011
2
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee
– Connects the widest range of devices to work
together intelligently and help you control your
world
ZigBee RF4CE
– Offers multi-vendor interoperable consumer
electronics and home entertainment control
standards
• Features simple, robust, low-cost wireless
communication networking for two-way connectivity
ZigBee RF4CE
3
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
The ZigBee RF4CE specification
– Addresses connectivity of consumer electronic devices
• Remote Controls
• Keyboards, mice, pointing devices, etc.
• 3D glasses
– Enables multi-vendor interoperability between end-devices
and host-devices (targets)
• HDTV, DVR, Set-top box, Blu-ray player
• Computers
– Designed for ease of use
• Easy pairing/commissioning
• Robust against interference
ZigBee RF4CE
4
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee RF4CE ZigBee PRO ZIP
Profile ZRC ZID Z3S ZSE
1.x ZHA ZBA ZTS ZRS ZHC ZSE 2.0
Network RF4CE ZigBee PRO ZIP
MAC IEEE 802.15.4 – MAC IEEE802.15.4 -
MAC or other
PHY Sub-GHz
(specified per region)
IEEE 802.15.4 – 2.4 GHz
(worldwide)
IEEE 802.15.4 -
2.4GHz or other
ZigBee Standard Overview
Legend
ZRC ZID Z3S ZIP MAC PHY
ZigBee Remote Control ZigBee Input Devices ZigBee 3D Synch ZigBee Internet Protocol Media Access Control Physical Layer
ZSE ZHA ZBA ZTS ZRS ZHC
ZigBee Smart Energy ZigBee Home Automation ZigBee Building Automation ZigBee Telecom Services ZigBee Retail Services ZigBee Health Care
5
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee RF4CE
Steering Committee
6
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
Standards (Public Application Profiles) deliver smart functionality by
maximizing the ZigBee RF4CE network layer
– Define discovery and pairing procedures
– Standardize commands
– Ensure interoperability between devices from different vendors
Three application profiles defined
– ZigBee Remote Control – advanced remote controls (completed)
• Standard and test specifications completed
• Test houses (TRAC, NTS) open for certification
– ZigBee Input devices – human input devices (completed)
• Standard internally released, test specification under development
• Certification program expected in Q2 2011
– ZigBee3D Synch – 3D glasses (in progress)
• Standard development underway
ZigBee RF4CE Standards
7
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
The New, Advanced Remote Control Experience
– Covers larger areas
– Goes through walls and into cupboards/furniture
• STB can be placed in furniture or another room
• Multiple room support
– Does not require line-of-sight
• Not bothered by someone/something “in the way”
• No pointing at devices
– Is not sensitive for background light interference
• Sunlight, LED, fluorescent lights
– Is standardized and selective
• Supports multiple devices without complex programming
• Does not unintentionally control unpaired boxes
– Allows for an improved keyboard experience
• Tactile feedback/Triple tap entry/Discrete commands
– Supports (infinitely) longer battery life
ZigBee RF4CE Use Cases (1/3)
8
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
New, Advanced Remote Control Capabilities
– Receive and display messages on remotes
• Program information
• News highlights
• Sport results
• Stock info
– Unique Lost Remote feature
• Ping a lost remote control with a button on the TV or STB
– Follow me convenience
• Continue watching movie when going to another room
– Supports new applications
• Casual gaming (multi-user)
• Arm-chair payments
• Ambience control (lighting, heating/air-conditioning,
curtains, etc.)
ZigBee RF4CE Use Cases (2/3)
9
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
Control More Devices for Entertainment
– Control Internet television with different devices
• Keyboard
• Touchpad
• Pointing devices
• Mouse (air mouse)
• Wand
– Watch 3D television with own glasses – independent
TV-brand
• 3D glasses
ZigBee RF4CE Use Cases (3/3)
10
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
In total 12 ZigBee RF4CE certified platforms (Jan-2011)
– Include both hardware and software stacks
Broad Industry Adoption
11
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee RF4CE
Technical Overview
12
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
Based on 2.4 GHz MAC/PHY
IEEE 802.15.4 standard
Thin, flexible and future-proof
networking layer
Co-exists with other 2.4 GHz
technologies
Interoperability
Secure communications
Power saving mechanisms in
network layer
Simple and intuitive pairing
Allow for inclusion of vendor
specific applications
Support for multiple
applications
PHY LAYER
MAC LAYER
APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
APPLICATION
IEEE
802.15.4
ZigBee
RF4CE
Network
&
Profiles
OEM
POWER SAVE
TOPOLOGY
NETWORKING LAYER
SECURITY
CHANNEL AGILITY
MANAGEMENT
PAIRING
PROFILES
ZigBee RF4CE Overview
13
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
Two Nodes Types
– Target Node
• Network Startup
• Full PAN Capability
• Accepts or declines a pairing request
• Makes decision on operating channel (frequency agility)
– Controller Node
• Initiates pairing and discovery process to Target Nodes
• Implements frequency agility
• On-demand communication
ZigBee RF4CE Network Supports
– Full LAN capability through combination of multiple PAN’s
– Participation in multiple networks
– Low power use and Power Save mechanism built into network stack
– Supports multiple transmission options
– Support for multiple standards (public application profiles)
ZigBee RF4CE Node Types
14
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee RF4CE Network Topology
15
Target
node
Controller
node
TV RC
CD RC
DVD RC
PAN 1
PAN 2
PAN 3
Multi-function
RC
CD
TV
DVD
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee RF4CE Frequency Agility
2.400
GHz
2.485
GHz
802.11b/g Channel (North America)
802.11b/g Spectrum Occupancy (Typical)
802.15.4 Channel
802.11b/g
Channel 6
802.11b/g
Channel 1
802.11b/g
Channel 11
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Channel Agility
ZigBee RF4CE Channel
16
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
Security is established during pairing process
Utilizes AES-128
– Security mode: ENC-MIC-32
• Data confidentiality (via payload encryption)
• Data authentication (via Message Integrity Code)
• Replay protection (via frame counter)
Nodes use 128-bit link keys
– Keys are generated automatically, if security is supported
– Keys are stored in the pairing table
ZigBee RF4CE Security
17
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
Two states for Power Save: Active & Standby
Defined in network stack
Controllers simply turn off when no buttons are being pressed
Targets must also use power save when in standby
– But must ensure a (human) reasonable reaction time
Power saving utilizes
– Active period during which the device wakes
– Duty cycle at which device repeats active period
Power saving mechanism is aligned with frequency agility
ZigBee RF4CE Power
Management
nwkDutyCycle (no more than 1 sec)
nwkActivePeriod (min. of 16.8 msec)
Rx on
Rx off
18
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee Remote Control (ZRC)
– Defines push button pairing process between
controller and target
• The mechanism works in conjunction with the existing ZigBee RF4CE
discovery and pairing mechanisms
• Discovery, pairing and security (as necessary) all take place via a
single button push
– Defines commands for basic CE device control
• User control pressed
• User control repeated
• User control released
– User control pressed command carries HDMI CEC commands
– Support for manufacturer specific commands
– Command discovery, remote to HDTV and HDTV to remote
ZigBee Remote Control
19
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee Input Device (ZID)
– Support for mice, touchpads, keyboards, wands,
remote control pointers
– Identical pairing process as ZRC gives customers a uniform
ZigBee RF4CE pairing experience
– Native support for popular multi-touch and gesture commands,
including pinch or rotation for touch pad devices
– Ability to define special functions and enhanced performance
beyond the standard behavior of a mouse, keyboard or similar
input device, using HID descriptors, including manufacturer
specific commands
– Support for operation with existing ZigBee Remote Control
equipped HDTVs, set-top boxes and other devices as well as with
existing computers
ZigBee Input Device
20
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee 3D Sync (Z3S)
– Flexible/efficient connections between 3D HDTVs
and glasses
– Enables multi-vendor 3D glasses interoperability
– Identical pairing process as ZRC and ZID gives customers a
uniform ZigBee RF4CE pairing experience
– Fully programmable display frame rates/shutter open/close times
– Unlimited number of glasses per screen
– Multiple user experience modes, for seamless switching between
3D and 2D
– Multi-player (full screen) 2D or 3D gaming, where each player
receives a separate 2D or 3D image
– Support for manufacturer specific commands
ZigBee 3D Synch
21
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee RF4CE
Future Direction
22
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
ZigBee RF4CE is the ZigBee Alliance connection
into Consumer Electronics
– Remotes are key in ZigBee standardization of home
automation sense and control networks
ZigBee is a member driven organization
– New proposals for additional uses are continuously raised
by its members, evaluated and with sufficient market
interest put on the roadmap
Future work is directed at
– Further integration (e.g. through gateways) with large
number of ZigBee PRO based standards
Future Direction
23
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved. www.zigbee.org
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
Back-up Slides
25
©2011 ZigBee Alliance. All rights reserved.
IR (30 year old technology) RF
Limited Line of Sight Transmission – Short transmission distance
– Consumers unable to hide CE devices
Field of Vision Limitations – Remote needs to be pointed at IR receiver
– Objects in the way obstruct connectivity
Larger Range and Multi-room Support – Control components in furniture
– Control components from other rooms
–Control over extended ranges
Unidirectional Unacknowledged Transfers – Unreliable communication
– Cannot send information to remote control or between components (DTV, set top box, etc.)
Bi-directional Capability – Reliable communications
– Send program guides, playlists, stock quotes, etc. to remote
– Allows for communications between devices
– Over-the-air firmware updates possible
– Lost remote locator
Technology Challenge – Plasma HDTV contains high frequency inverter that obstructs IR signals
– LCD back lighting saturates HDTV IR receiver
Faster and Reliable Communications – Transmit commands until received
– Many times faster response than IR
– Enables enhanced user interfaces
– Touchpad or pointing capability
– As low as 25% or less of the power used by IR solutions
High Power Consumption – More dead batteries, customer support calls
– Multiple redundant transmissions for each command
– Higher TX power required to avoid interference created by plasma/LCD screens
Low Power Consumption – Uses 25% or less of the power used by IR solutions
– Fewer battery replacements
– Reduce customer support calls
Requires Manufacturer-Specific IR Databases – Each product has its own commands
– Requires larger memory for storing lookup tables
True Multi-Manufacturer Interoperability – No more IR (product specific) databases required anymore
IR/RF Remotes Compared
26