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Zionism – Part I
The Creation of the State of Israel
Return to Zion is Age Old Dream Weekday Morning Service – Prayers
Sound the great shofar for our freedom, raise the banner to gather our exiles and gather us together from the four corners of the earth…
May you rebuild it [Jerusalem] soon in our days as an eternal structure, and may you speedily establish the throne of David within it…
Grace After Meals Rebuild Jerusalem, the Holy City, soon in our days.
Blessed are you, God, who rebuilds Jerusalem. Passover Seder
Next Year in Jerusalem!
Nationalism: What is it? Definition: A sense of a common history,
language, and culture amongst a group of people sometimes living in the same region, but often scattered. The feelings associated with nationalism lead to a desire for a national home land.
European Nationalism Mid – 19th Century
Germany and Italy estb. Independent nations Require unified and homogenous society Leads to Anti-Semitism
Jews Influenced by these trends Envision a Jewish homeland in Palestine Hebrew as national language
Zionism Definition: Zionism is a political movement
that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel.
Negative reaction to anti-Semitism Positive belief in the Jewish People
A Dream is Born:Dr. Leon Pinsker (1821-1891) Born Yehuda Leib Pinsker
in Russia Educated Jewishly in
father’s school & at home. Initially believed in equal
rights and assimilation Pogroms made him
rethink views Auto Emanzipation (1882)
A Dream is Born:Hovevei Zion
Lovers of Zion Built cultural awareness and Pride Goal: send Russian Jews to Palestine 14000 members by 1892
Political Zionism:Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) I
Born in Budapest to an assimilated family
Moved to Vienna where he studied law
Became a journalist Encountered anti-Semitism
at school & work The Ghetto (1894) Father off Zionism Dies suddenly in 1904
Political Zionism:Theodor Herzl II Der Judenstaat (1896)
Jews require country of their own Practical outline to building a viable state Palestine not mentioned
Political Zionism Home land through political assistance and
consent of the community of nations. Would require a charter giving the land to the
Jews
Political Zionism:World Zionist Congress (1897) Builds a support base of Eastern European
Jews 1st Meeting - Basel, Switzerland
Estb. World Zionist Organization Adopt Jewish flag Adopt national anthem (hatikva) “In Basel, I created the Jewish State.”
Opposition to Zionism Protest Against Zionism (1897)
Protest Rabbis Jews are not a nation Assimilation and rights are the answer
The Zionists Are Not Our Saviours (1900) Rabbi Zadok HaCohen Rabinowitz Evil of Secularism God will gather in the exiles
Other Types of Zionism: Spiritual Zionism Ahad Ha’am (One of the
People) “Lo Zeh Hah-Derech” (This
is Not the Way) Political Zionism is not
practical Palestine as cultural center Influences new generation
Chaim Weizmann
Other Types of Zionism:Socialist Zionism – Poalei Zion Program for Proletarian Zionism (1906)
Ber Borochov Combines socialism and Zionism Diaspora
Democratize society by means of class struggle National political autonomy
Zionism Immigration to Palestine Development of country by labor not capital
A Homeland, but where?Palestine Vs. Uganda
6th Zionist Congress (1903) Uganda proposed
7th Zionist Congress (1905) Uganda is rejected
Jewish Territorial Organization Settlement some place,
not necessarily Palestine
Next Class Continue reading pages 529-633 Preview:
Putting ideas into action The politics of Statehood Tensions between Jews and Arabs