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ZXUR 9000 UMTSRadio Network Controller
System Description
Version: V4.11.10
ZTE CORPORATIONNO. 55, Hi-tech Road South, ShenZhen, P.R.ChinaPostcode: 518057Tel: +86-755-26771900Fax: +86-755-26770801URL: http://ensupport.zte.com.cnE-mail: [email protected]
LEGAL INFORMATIONCopyright © 2011 ZTE CORPORATION.
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The ultimate right to interpret this product resides in ZTE CORPORATION.
Revision History
Revision No. Revision Date Revision Reason
R1.0 2011-07-28 First edition
Serial Number: SJ-20110704093556-003
Publishing Date: 2011-07-28(R1.0)
ContentsAbout This Manual ......................................................................................... I
Chapter 1 UMTS Network Architecture .................................................... 1-11.1 UMTS R99 Network Architecture......................................................................... 1-1
1.2 UMTS R4 Network Architecture........................................................................... 1-3
1.3 Network Architecture of Other Versions................................................................ 1-3
Chapter 2 UMTS Network Element Functions ........................................ 2-12.1 Functions of Major Core Network Elements.......................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 MSC Functions ........................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.2 VLR Functions ......................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.3 GMSC Functions...................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.4 SGSN Functions ...................................................................................... 2-2
2.1.5 GGSN Functions ...................................................................................... 2-2
2.1.6 HLR Functions ......................................................................................... 2-2
2.1.7 AuC Functions ......................................................................................... 2-2
2.1.8 EIR Functions .......................................................................................... 2-2
2.1.9 MSC Server Functions.............................................................................. 2-3
2.1.10 GMSC Server Functions ......................................................................... 2-3
2.1.11 MGW Functions...................................................................................... 2-3
2.2 Functions of Major RAN Elements ....................................................................... 2-3
2.2.1 RNC Functions......................................................................................... 2-3
2.2.2 Node B Functions..................................................................................... 2-3
Chapter 3 Interfaces in the UMTS ............................................................. 3-13.1 System Interfaces .............................................................................................. 3-1
3.2 Functions of Major Interfaces .............................................................................. 3-4
3.2.1 Radio Access Network Internal Interfaces .................................................. 3-4
3.2.2 RAN-CN Interface .................................................................................... 3-4
3.2.3 Core Network Internal Interfaces ............................................................... 3-5
3.2.4 Air Interface ............................................................................................. 3-7
Figures............................................................................................................. I
Tables ............................................................................................................ III
Glossary .........................................................................................................V
I
II
About This ManualPurpose
This manual describes the network architecture of UMTS, major network elements andinterfaces, aiming to help readers get familiar with the UMTS network.
Intended Audience
l System engineersl Planning engineers
What Is in This Manual
Chapter Summary
Chapter 1, UMTS Network Architecture Describes basic network architecture of UMTS
R99 and UMTS R4.
Chapter 2, UMTS Network Element Functions Describes the functions of major network
elements in the UMTS.
Chapter 3, Interfaces in the UMTS Describes the functions of major interfaces in the
UMTS.
I
II
Chapter 1UMTS Network ArchitectureTable of Contents
UMTS R99 Network Architecture................................................................................1-1UMTS R4 Network Architecture..................................................................................1-3Network Architecture of Other Versions ......................................................................1-3
1.1 UMTS R99 Network ArchitectureThe UMTS network has evolved from the GSM network. The UMTS R99 inherits the corenetwork architecture of the GSM system. The R99 system differs from the GSM system inthe air interface technology, which brings in a new radio access network using WCDMA.
UMTS R99 Network Architecture is illustrated in Figure 1-1.
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ZXUR 9000 UMTS System Description
Figure 1-1 UMTS R99 Network Architecture
The core network of UMTS R99 is divided into the circuit-switched (CS) domain and thepacket-switched (PS) domain. The CS domain has evolved from the GSM Phase2+ circuitcore network. The network elements in the CS domain include the Mobile SwitchingCener (MSC), the Visitor Location Register (VLR), the Gateway Mobile Switching Center(GMSC). The PS domain has evolved from the GPRS core network. The PS-domainnetwork elements include the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and the GatewayGPRS Support Node (GGSN). Other elements, including the Home Location Register(HLR), the Authentication Center (AuC), and the Equipment Identity Register (EIR) areelements shared by both the CS and PS domains. The network elements in the RadioAccess Network (RAN) include the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and the WCDMAbase station (Node B).
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Chapter 1 UMTS Network Architecture
1.2 UMTS R4 Network ArchitectureThe UMTS architecture has changed in the CS domain from R99 to R4. According to theidea to separate call control from bearer and bearer control, the network element (G)MSCin the R99 CS domain has evolved to two elements in the R4 stage, that is, the MediaGateway (MGW) and the (G)MSC Server. The MSC Server implements call control, andthe MGW implements control on the transmission resources. The UMTS R4 NetworkArchitecture is illustrated in Figure 1-2.
Figure 1-2 UMTS R4 Network Architecture
1.3 Network Architecture of Other VersionsThemajor changes in other evolved 3GPP versions of UMTS standards are shown in Table1-1. For details, you can refer to relevant standards.
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Table 1-1 Network Architecture of Other Versions
Version Radio AccessNetwork
Core Network(CS) Core Network(PS)
R5 Introduced HSDPA and
broad-band AMR.
No major changes Introduced IMS.
Introduced IPv6.
R6 Introduced HSUPA and
MBMS.
No major changes IMS stage two
R7 Introduced HSPA+.
Introduced OFDM and
MIMO.
Simplified the network
architecture.
Simplified the network
architecture.
R8 Introduced LTE. Simplified the network
architecture.
Simplified the network
architecture.
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Chapter 2UMTS Network ElementFunctionsTable of Contents
Functions of Major Core Network Elements................................................................2-1Functions of Major RAN Elements..............................................................................2-3
2.1 Functions of Major Core Network Elements
2.1.1 MSC FunctionsThe Mobile Switching Center (MSC) is the core of the CS-domain network. It providesswitching functions, and implements functions such as paging access, channel allocation,call connection, traffic control, charging, and base station management. The MSC alsoprovides interfaces for other function entities in the system and the elements in fixednetworks (PSTN, ISDN, PDN). MSC works along with other network elements to fulfillmultiple functions, including location registration, inter-cell handover, automatic roaming,validity check, and channel handover.
2.1.2 VLR FunctionsThe Visitor Location Register (VLR) serves the mobile subscribers in its control area bystoring the information of registered subscribers who is currently in the area and providingthese subscribers with necessary conditions for establishing call connections. The VLRobtains necessary data of a subscriber from the corresponding Home Location Register(HLR) and stores the data temporarily. After leaving the area controlled by the VLR,the subscriber registers in another VLR, and the previous VLR deletes the data of thesubscriber. Therefore, the VLR can be regarded as a dynamic database of subscriberinformation.
2.1.3 GMSC FunctionsThe Gateway MSC (GMSC) connects the CS domain of the core network with externalPSTN entities. The GMSC provides physical connections for the PSTN and the CSdomain, and requests for a roaming number from the HLR when a fixed-line subscribercalls a mobile subscriber.
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2.1.4 SGSN FunctionsThe Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) is the core of the PS-domain network. It tracesthe location of the Mobile Stations (MS), performs security authentication and accesscontrol, and works together with the GGSN in establishing, maintaining, and deleting PDPconnections. In the 2G system, the SGSN connects to the General Packet Radio ServiceBase Station Subsystem (GPRS BSS) via the Gb interface. In the 3G system, the SGSNconnects to the Radio Network Subsystem (RNS) via the Iu interface.
2.1.5 GGSN FunctionsThe Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) provides an interface that connects the PSdomain of the Core Network (CN) with external packet data networks. The GGSN alsoprovides necessary inter-network security mechanisms, such as firewall. To perform apacket session, the User Equipment (UE) needs to establish a PDP context with theGGSN.The PDP acts as a channel connecting the UE with external networks.
2.1.6 HLR FunctionsThe Home Locatin Register (HLR) is the data center of the system. It stores theinformation of all mobile subscribers registered in it, including their location, servicedata, and account management information. The HLR also provides realtime queryand modification of the location information, and implements various services relatedto subscriber mobility management in the mobile communications network, includinglocation update, call processing, and supplementary authentication services.
One HLR can control several mobile switching areas. It stores all important static data ofmobile subscribers, including the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), accesscapability, subscriber type, and supplementary service data. Besides, the HLR also storesthe dynamic data of the subscribers' roaming area and provides the data for the MSC.
2.1.7 AuC FunctionsThen Authentication Center (AuC) performs the security management in the system. Itstores the authentication information and ciphered keys to ensure the information securityof mobile subscribers, and to prevent unauthorized access.
2.1.8 EIR FunctionsThe Equipment Identity Register (EIR) stores the International Mobile Equipment Identity(IMEI) of mobile phones. The white list, black list, and grey list respectively contain theIMEI numbers of authorized mobile phones, monitored faulty User Equipment (UE), andforbidden stolen UEs. In this way, operators can take immediate preventive measuresagainst abnormal UEs to ensure the uniqueness and security of the UEs in the network.
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Chapter 2 UMTS Network Element Functions
2.1.9 MSC Server FunctionsThe MSC server provides call control and mobility control specified in the R99 protocols.It controls mobile-originated and mobile-terminated CS calls, receives user-networksignaling messages, and transfers such messages to network-network signalingmessages. The MSC server also stores the mobile subscribers' service data and thedata related to CAMEL, and manages the media channel connections in the MGW viainterfaces to control call states.
2.1.10 GMSC Server FunctionsThe MSC server provides call control and mobility control specified in the R99 protocols.
2.1.11 MGW FunctionsThe Media Gateway (MGW) terminates the transmission in the PSTN/PLMN network.The MGW connects to the UTRAN via the Iu interface. The MGW can receive boththe bearer channel from the circuit-switched (CS) network and the media flow from thepacket-switched (PS) network. The MGW supports media conversion, bearer control,and payload processing at different Iu interfaces for CS services.
2.2 Functions of Major RAN Elements
2.2.1 RNC FunctionsRNC is the control center for the whole radio access network. It performs controlmanagement of radio resources.
l The RNC controls the access control, handover control, channel allocation, andestablishment of signaling connections for the calls of the UE. Besides, the RNC alsoforwards data and signaling between the UE and the core network.
l The RNC manages the physical-layer resources by controlling the Node B. The RNCalso performs data transmission with the Node B via the user plane of the Iub interface.
l The RNC communicates with another RNC over the Iur interface to transmit data,such as signaling and soft handover data.
l The RNC processes the paging messages from the core network, and sends differenttypes of paging messages to the UE according to the RRC state of the UE.
l The RNC connects to and communicates with the Operation and Maintenance Center(OMC) of the access network. The Node B communicates with the OMC via the RNC.
2.2.2 Node B FunctionsThe main function of the Node B is to manage physical-layer resources. The Node Bimplements the physical-layer functions of the air interfaces, such as channel coding,interleaving, rate adaptation, and spreading. The Node B also processes signalingprocedures with the RNC. The RNC controls the Node B to allocate and modify the
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common physical channel resources in a cell. The RNC can also control the Node B toallocate, modify, and delete the physical-layer resources for subscribers.
The Node B also performs physical-layer procedures for the UE, such as the randomaccess indication and the inner loop power control for the dedicated physical channel.
Moreover, the Node B sends data reports required by the RNC, providing the input dataRNC needs to perform radio resource management.
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Chapter 3Interfaces in the UMTSTable of Contents
System Interfaces ......................................................................................................3-1Functions of Major Interfaces .....................................................................................3-4
3.1 System InterfacesThe interfaces between different network elements are shown in Figure 3-1.
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Figure 3-1 System Interfaces
Note:
The bold lines indicate data bearer, and the thin lines indicate signaling bearer.
Table 3-1 lists the major interfaces, connection entities, and bearer modes involved inFigure 3-1.
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Table 3-1 Description of Major System Interfaces
Interface Connection Entity Signaling andProtocol
Bearer Mode
A MSC-BSC BSSAP ATM/TDM/IP
B MSC-VLR Internal Protocols Internal Protocols
C MSC-HLR MAP ATM/TDM/IP
D VLR-HLR MAP ATM/TDM/IP
E MSC-MSC MAP ATM/TDM/IP
F MSC-VLR MAP ATM/TDM/IP
G VLR-VLR MAP ATM/TDM/IP
Gb SGSN-BSC BSSGP ATM/TDM/IP
Gc GGSN-HLR MAP ATM/TDM/IP
Gd SGSN—SMS-
GMSC/IWMSC
MAP ATM/TDM/IP
Gf SGSN-EIR MAP ATM/TDM/IP
Gi GGSN-External Data
Network
TCP/IP IP
Gn SGSN-GGSN
(intra-PLMN)
GTP IP
Gp SGSN-GGSN
(inter-PLMN)
GTP IP
Gr SGSN-HLR MAP ATM/TDM/IP
Gs MSC-SGSN BSSAP+ TDM/IP
H HLR-AUC Internal Protocols Internal Protocols
Iub RNC-Node B NBAP ATM/IP
Iur RNC-RNC RNSAP ATM/IP
Iu-CS RNC-MSC/CS MGW RANAP ATM/IP
Iu-PS RNC-SGSN RANAP ATM/IP
Mc (G)MSC Server-(G)CS
MGW
H.248 IP
Nb CS MGW-CS MGW RTP/AAL2/AMR IP/ATM,TDM
Nc (G)MSC Server-
(G)MSC Server
BICC IP/ATM,ISUP/TDM
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3.2 Functions of Major Interfaces
3.2.1 Radio Access Network Internal Interfaces
3.2.1.1 Iub InterfaceThe Iub is the RNC-Node B interface. The RNC and the Node B communicates over theIub.
Iub is also made up of control plane and user plane. The Iub uses the NBAP as itscontrol-plane protocol of the radio network layer. By using the NBAP protocol, the Iubinterface performs a collection of functions, including the configuration and managementof the cell and the public transmission channels, the management of system broadcastmessages, resources, and radio links, and the measurement of dedicated resources. Theuser plane of the Iub interface is in charge of user data transmission.
3.2.1.2 Iur InterfaceThe Iub is the RNC-RNC interface. The RNC communicates with another RNC over theIub.
The functions of the Iur interface are as follows:
l Radio link management functions
à Management of dedicated resources in the drift RNS by the SRNC
à Reallocation of physical channels
à Radio link supervision
à Compressed mode
l The transmission of the CCCH signaling over the Iur interfacel Management of common transport channelsl Pagingl Relocationl Report of common error statesl Measurement of dedicated resources
3.2.2 RAN-CN Interface
3.2.2.1 Iu InterfaceIu is the RNC-CN interface. The RNC communicates with the CS domain of the CoreNetwork (CN) over the Iu-CS interface, and communicates with the PS domain of the CNover the Iu-PS interface.
Iu-CS and Iu-PS consist of the user plane and control plane. The Iu interface controlplane uses the RANAP to perform signaling exchanges between the CN and the RNC.The signaling includes both the control and report messages between the RNC and the
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Chapter 3 Interfaces in the UMTS
core network, and the Non-Access Stratum (NAS) messages between the UE and the corenetwork. The Iu interface user plane transmits the service data between the RNC and thecore network.
3.2.3 Core Network Internal Interfaces
3.2.3.1 CS Domain InterfacesThe CS interfaces of the Core Network performs circuit switching among functional entitiesinside the CN. The functions of the CS domain interfaces are described as follows:
B Interface
The B interface connects the VLR to the MSC. When an MSC needs the user data withinits serving area, the MSC query the data from the VLR via the B interface. When theMS location is updated, the MSC requests the VLR to store related information via theB interface. If a user activates a supplementary service or modifies data, the MSC willrequest the HLR to update data via the VLR.
C Interface
The C interface connects the HLR to the GMSC. If the fixed network cannot obtain thelocation of mobile subscribers when establishing a call, the GMSCmust query the roamingnumber of the called party from the HLR. When forwarding a short message, the SMSGMSC needs to query the MSC number of the called party from the HLR.
D Interface
The D interface connects the HLR to the VLR. The interface exchanges the location andprocess information of subscribers. To enable subscribers to initiate and receive calls inthe whole serving area, the HLR and the VLR need to exchange data. The VLR notifies theHLR about the location and roaming number of subscribers. The HLR sends necessarysubscriber service data to the VLR. Data exchanges occur when a subscriber requests fora particular service or the subscriber data changes.
E Interface
The E interface connects different MSCs. When a Mobile Station (MS) is roaming fromone MSC to another during a call, the MS needs a handover between the two MSCs tomaintain the call. In this case, the two MSCs must exchange data over the E interface.
F Interface
The F interface connects the MSC to the EIR. The MSC and the EIR exchanges data overthe F interface to check the IMEI state of the MS.
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G Interface
The G interface connects two VLRs. When a Mobile Station (MS) roams from one VLR toanother, the source VLR sends the IMSI and authentication parameters to the target VLRover the G interface.
H Interface
The H interface connects the HLR to the AuC. When the HLR has no information about anMS after receiving the authentication request from the MS, the HLR requests for the MSinformation from the AuC.
Mc Interface
The Mc interface connects the (G)MSC server to the MGW. The interface has the followingfeatures:
l The Mc interface complies with the H.248 standards, which are jointly defined by theITU-T G16 and the IETF MEGACO work groups.
l The Mc interface supports flexible connections of different call models, and supportsthe non-restricted processing of different media used by subscribers specified inH.323.
l The open structure supports data packet definition and supplementary definition ofinterfaces.
l The physical MGW nodes support dynamic sharing. That means a physical MGWcan be divided into multiple independent logical MGWs.
l According to the H.248 protocol, transmission resources can be shared dynamicallybetween the bearer and management resources controlled by the MGW.
l The Mc interface Supports specific mobile functions, such as SRNS relocation andhandover.
Nb Interface
The Nb interface connects two MGWs. It provides the bearer control and transmissionfunctions.
Nc Interface
The Nc interface connects the MSC server to the GMSC server. The interface performsinter-network call control.
3.2.3.2 PS Domain Interfaces
Gn/Gp Interface
The Gn/Gp interface connects the SGSN to the GGSN. Gn is the interface between theSGSN and GGSN in the same PLMN, while Gp is the interface between the SGSN andGGSN in different PLMNs.
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Gr/Gf/Gd Interfaces
Gr is the SGSN-HLR interface. Gf is the SGSN-EIR interface. Gd connects the SGSN tothe SMS-GMSC or SMS-IWMSC.
These interfaces use the MAP protocol to provide SS7-based functions, such asauthentication, registration, mobility management, and short message transmission.
Gs Interface
The Gs interface connects the SGSN to the MSC or VLR. Gs is an optional interface thatonly transmits signaling.
The Gs interface uses the BSSAP+ protocol to perform combined mobility managementand paging. Over the Gs interface, signaling is transmitted as SS7.
Gc Interface
Gc connects the GGSN to the HLR. It is an optional interface using the MAP protocol. TheGc interface obtains the SGSN address of the MS to establish a reverse PDP connection,thus activating the PDP context upon the start of the network.
3.2.4 Air Interface
3.2.4.1 Uu InterfaceThe Uu interface connects the RNS to the UE, enabling the interworking between UEand the UMTS Radio Access Network (RAN). The main functions of the Uu interfaceinclude: broadcasting, paging, and RRC connection processing, decision and executionof handover and power control, transmission of messages related to the management andcontrol of radio resources, and transmission of messages related to baseband and radiofrequency processing.
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FiguresFigure 1-1 UMTS R99 Network Architecture ............................................................. 1-2
Figure 1-2 UMTS R4 Network Architecture ............................................................... 1-3
Figure 3-1 System Interfaces .................................................................................... 3-2
I
Figures
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TablesTable 1-1 Network Architecture of Other Versions ..................................................... 1-4
Table 3-1 Description of Major System Interfaces ..................................................... 3-3
III
Tables
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Glossary3GPP- 3rd Generation Partnership Project
AAL2- ATM Adaptation Layer type 2
AMR- Adaptive Multiple Rate
ATM- Asynchronous Transfer Mode
BICC- Bearer Independent Call Control protocol
BSS- Base Station Subsystem
BSSAP- Base Station Subsystem Application Part
BSSGP- Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol
CAMEL- Customised Applications for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic
CCCH- Common Control Channel
CN- Core Network
CS- Circuit Switched
EIR- Equipment Identity Register
GGSN- Gateway GPRS Supporting Node
GMSC- Gateway Mobile Switching Center
GPRS- General Packet Radio Service
GSM- Global System for Mobile Communication
V
ZXUR 9000 UMTS System Description
GTP- GPRS Tunneling Protocol
HLR- Home Location Register
HSDPA- High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSPA- High Speed Packet Access
HSUPA- High Speed Uplink Packet Access
IMEI- International Mobile Equipment Identity
IMS- IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMSI- International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IP- Internet Protocol
IPv6- Internet Protocol Version 6
ISDN- Integrated Services Digital Network
ISUP- ISDN User Part
LTE- Long Term Evolution
MAP- Mobile Application Part
MBMS- Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
MGW- Media GateWay
MIMO- Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
MS- Mobile Station
MSC- Mobile Switching Center
VI
Glossary
NAS- Non-Access Stratum
NBAP- Node B Application Part
OFDM- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OMC- Operation & Maintenance Center
PDN- Packet Data Network
PDP- Packet Data Protocol
PLMN- Public Land Mobile Network
PS- Packet Switched
PSTN- Public Switched Telephone Network
RAN- Radio Access Network
RANAP- Radio Access Network Application Protocol
RNC- Radio Network Controller
RNS- Radio Network Subsystem
RNSAP- Radio Network Subsystem Application Part
RRC- Radio Resource Control
RTP- Real-time Transport Protocol
SGSN- Service GPRS Supporting Node
SRNC- Serving Radio Network Controller
SRNS- Serving RNS
VII
ZXUR 9000 UMTS System Description
TCP- Transfer Control Protocol
TDM- Time Division Multiplexing
UE- User Equipment
UMTS- Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
UTRAN- UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
VLR- Visitor Location Register
WCDMA- Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
VIII