8-1
8-1
4102615km2515232198563107m38-2
8-2
()8-3196196 8-3
10203015%
19208.5 8-4
8-4 1 2345678910
U1(1)
23 a b c
2123
45m520m2050m50m1
2(1)23456
3490%1
2345
780197666561692619332500m1800m100m1525006
1
1 2 3
1 15m10m2
1 2
19338256800250050%
145o55o75o90%55o2
3(1)45o[8-6a](2)(25o45o)[8-6b]
(3)9-6c8-6d(4)[8-6e] 8-6
470%51973420
123
45()6(1)
2)(3)(4)9-278-7a8-7b
8
a b8-7
1 2
1 2 11513kN/m380%23kN/m32.515m/s
23
4
1140%80%1723kN/m3
215%40%1317kN/m32123
431102000m3/s50m330%
25105002000m3/s1050m310%30%325100500m3/s110m310%42100m3/s10000m34
5GB 50021-2001
124mm/10min2104mm/10min23m/s1015m/s
12
34()
567
196621208-81011121314
15161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960
8-8
300km23000193519595490m28m()80lOOm1530m1020m19561000m3
12
3
1230mm/4
1234
5130m
2
300mm1
234
567
(1)510(2)
123510m20m45
8-9
8-1 8-2 8-3 8-4 8-5 8-6 8-7
8-1 8-2 8-3 8-4 8-5 8-6 8-78-98-10 8-11 8-12 8-13