© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Connecting to Your WorldConnecting to Your World
Slide 1 of 52
Distinguishing Among Atoms
Just as apples come in different varieties, a chemical element can come in different “varieties” called isotopes.
CN#2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Distinguishing Among Atoms >
Slide 2 of 52
4.3 Atomic Number
Atomic Number
What makes one element different from another?
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Distinguishing Among Atoms >
Slide 3 of 52
4.3 Atomic Number
Elements are different because they contain different numbers of protons.
The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in an atom. It is also the number of electrons.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 4 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 5 of 52
Atomic Number
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 6 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 7 of 52
Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 4.1
Problem Solving 4.15 Solve Problem 15 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Distinguishing Among Atoms >
Slide 8 of 52
Mass Number
Mass Number
How do you find the mass number of an atom?
4.3
Slide 9 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
>Distinguishing Among Atoms Mass Number
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Mass number = protons + neutrons
4.3
Neutrons = mass number - protons
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 10 of 52
4.1
Slide 11 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
>Distinguishing Among Atoms Atomic Number4.3
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 12 of 52
4.1
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 13 of 52
4.1
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 14 of 52
4.1
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 15 of 52
Practice Problems for Sample Problem 4.1
Problem Solving 4.17 Solve Problem 17 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Distinguishing Among Atoms >
Slide 16 of 52
Isotopes
Isotopes
How do isotopes of an element differ?
4.3
Slide 17 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
>Distinguishing Among Atoms4.3 Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Because isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons, they also have different mass numbers.
Slide 18 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
>Distinguishing Among Atoms Isotopes
Despite these differences, isotopes are chemically alike because they have identical numbers of protons and electrons.
4.3
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 19 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 20 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 21 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 22 of 52
Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 4.2
Problem Solving 4.20Solve Problem 20 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Distinguishing Among Atoms >
Slide 23 of 52
The Periodic Table—A Preview
The Periodic Table—A Preview
Why is a periodic table useful?
4.3
Slide 24 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview
A periodic table is an arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties.
A periodic table allows you to easily compare the properties of one element (or a group of elements) to another element (or group of elements).
4.3
Slide 25 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview
The Periodic Table
4.3
Slide 26 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview
• Each horizontal row of the periodic table is called a period.
• Within a given period, the properties of the elements vary as you move across it from element to element.
4.3
Slide 27 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview
A Period
4.3
Slide 28 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview
• Each vertical column of the periodic table is called a group, or family.
• Elements within a group have similar chemical and physical properties.
4.3
Slide 29 of 52
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview
A Group or Family
4.3
B
Si
Ge As
Sb Te
AtPo
H
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 31 of 52
Section Quiz
-or-Continue to: Launch:
Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section
4.3 Section Quiz
4.3.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 32 of 52
4.3 Section Quiz
1. Isotopes of an element have
a. the same mass number.
b. different atomic numbers.
c. the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
d. the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 33 of 52
4.3 Section Quiz
2. How many neutrons are in sulfur-33?
a. 16 neutrons
b. 33 neutrons
c. 17 neutrons
d. 32.06 neutrons
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 34 of 52
4.3 Section Quiz
3. If sulfur contained 90.0% sulfur-32 and 10.0% sulfur-34, its atomic mass would be
a. 32.2 amu.
b. 32.4 amu.
c. 33.0 amu.
d. 35.4 amu.
End Show© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 35 of 52
Distinguishing Among Atoms > Concept Map
END OF SHOW