5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
1/97
Diodes
1
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
2/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 2
Figure 3.1 The ideal diode: (a)diode circuit symbol; (b)iv characteristic; (c)equivalent circuit in the reverse direction;
(d)equivalent circuit in the forward direction.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
3/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 3
Figure 3.2 The two modes of operation of ideal diodes and the use of an external circuit to limit the forward current (a)
and the reverse voltage (b).
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
4/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 4
Figure 3.3 (a)Rectifier circuit. (b)Input waveform. (c)Equivalent circuit when vI 0.(d)Equivalent circuit when vI
0. (e)Output waveform.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
5/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 5
Figure E3.1
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
6/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 6
Figure E3.2
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
7/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 7
Figure 3.4 Circuit and waveforms for Example 3.1.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
8/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 8
Figure 3.5 Diode logic gates: (a)OR gate; (b)AND gate (in a positive-logic system).
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
9/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 9
Figure 3.6 Circuits for Example 3.2.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
10/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 10
Figure E3.4
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
11/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 11
Figure E3.5
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
12/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 12
Figure 3.7 The iv characteristic of a silicon junction diode.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
13/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 13
Figure 3.8 The diode ivrelationship with some scales expanded and others compressed in order to reveal details.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
14/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 14
Figure 3.9 Illustrating the temperature dependence of the diode forward characteristic. At a constant current, the voltage
drop decreases by approximately 2 mV for every 1C increase in temperature.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
15/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 15
Figure E3.9
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
16/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 16
Figure 3.10 A simple circuit used to illustrate the analysis of circuits in which the diode is forward conducting.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
17/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 17
Figure 3.11 Graphical analysis of the circuit in Fig. 3.10 using the exponential diode model.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
18/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 18
Figure 3.12 Approximating the diode forward characteristic with two straight lines: the piecewise-linear model.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
19/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 19
Figure 3.13 Piecewise-linear model of the diode forward characteristic and its equivalent circuit representation.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
20/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 20
Figure 3.14 The circuit of Fig. 3.10 with the diode replaced with its piecewise-linear model of Fig. 3.13.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
21/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 21
Figure 3.15 Development of the constant-voltage-drop model of the diode forward characteristics. A vertical straight line
(B) is used to approximate the fast-rising exponential. Observe that this simple model predicts VDto within 0.1 V over the
current range of 0.1 mA to 10 mA.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
22/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 22
Figure 3.16 The constant-voltage-drop model of the diode forward characteristics and its equivalent-circuit representation.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
23/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 23
Figure E3.12
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
24/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 24
Figure 3.17 Development of the diode small-signal model. Note that the numerical values shown are for a diode with n = 2.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
25/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 25
Figure 3.18 (a)Circuit for Example 3.6. (b)Circuit for calculating the dc operating point. (c)Small-signal equivalent
circuit.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
26/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 26
Figure 3.19 Circuit for Example 3.7.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
27/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 27
Figure E3.16
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
28/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 28
Table 3.1 Modeling the Diode Forward Characteristic
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
29/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 29
Table 3.1 (Continued)
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
30/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 30
Figure 3.20 Circuit symbol for a zener diode.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
31/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 31
Figure 3.21 The diode iv characteristic with the breakdown region shown in some detail.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
32/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 32
Figure 3.22 Model for the zener diode.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
33/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 33
Figure 3.23 (a)Circuit for Example 3.8. (b)The circuit with the zener diode replaced with its equivalent circuit model.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
34/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 34
Figure 3.24 Block diagram of a dc power supply.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
35/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 35
Figure 3.25 (a)Half-wave rectifier. (b)Equivalent circuit of the half-wave rectifier with the diode replaced with its
battery-plus-resistance model. (c)Transfer characteristic of the rectifier circuit. (d)Input and output waveforms, assumingthat rD!R.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
36/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 36
Figure 3.26 Full-wave rectifier utilizing a transformer with a center-tapped secondary winding: (a) circuit; (b)transfer
characteristic assuming a constant-voltage-drop model for the diodes;(c)input and output waveforms.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
37/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 37
Figure 3.27 The bridge rectifier: (a)circuit; (b)input and output waveforms.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
38/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 38
Figure 3.28 (a)A simple circuit used to illustrate the effect of a filter capacitor. (b)Input and output waveforms assuming
an ideal diode. Note that the circuit provides a dc voltage equal to the peak of the input sine wave. The circuit is therefore
known as a peak rectifier or a peak detector.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
39/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 39
Figure 3.29 Voltage and current waveforms in the peak rectifier circuit with CR@T. The diode is assumed ideal.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
40/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 40
Figure 3.30 Waveforms in the full-wave peak rectifier.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
41/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 41
Figure 3.31 The superdiode precision half-wave rectifier and its almost-ideal transfer characteristic. Note that when vI> 0
and the diode conducts, the op amp supplies the load current, and the source is conveniently buffered, an added advantage. Not
shown are the op-amp power supplies.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
42/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 42
Figure 3.32 General transfer characteristic for a limiter circuit.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
43/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 43
Figure 3.33 Applying a sine wave to a limiter can result in clipping off its two peaks.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
44/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 44
Figure 3.34 Soft limiting.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
45/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 45
Figure 3.35 A variety of basic limiting circuits.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
46/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 46
Figure E3.27
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
47/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 47
Figure 3.36 The clamped capacitor or dc restorer with a square-wave input and no load.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
48/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 48
Figure 3.37 The clamped capacitor with a load resistanceR.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
49/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 49
Figure 3.38 Voltage doubler: (a)circuit; (b)waveform of the voltage acrossD1.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
50/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 50
Figure 3.39 Simplified physical structure of the junction diode. (Actual geometries are given in Appendix A.)
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
51/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 51
Figure 3.40 Two-dimensional representation of the silicon crystal. The circles represent the inner core of silicon atoms,
with +4 indicating its positive charge of +4q, which is neutralized by the charge of the four valence electrons. Observe how
the covalent bonds are formed by sharing of the valence electrons. At 0 K, all bonds are intact and no free electrons are
available for current conduction.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
52/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 52
Figure 3.41 At room temperature, some of the covalent bonds are broken by thermal ionization. Each broken bond gives
rise to a free electron and a hole, both of which become available for current conduction.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
53/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 53
Figure 3.42 A bar of intrinsic silicon (a)in which the hole concentration profile shown in (b)has been created along thex-axis
by some unspecified mechanism.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
54/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 54
Figure 3.43 A silicon crystal doped by a pentavalent element. Each dopant atom donates a free electron and is thus called a
donor. The doped semiconductor becomes n type.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
55/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 55
Figure 3.44 A silicon crystal doped with a trivalent impurity. Each dopant atom gives rise to a hole, and the
semiconductor becomesptype.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
56/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 56
Figure 3.45 (a)Thepnjunction with no applied voltage (open-circuited terminals). (b)The potential distribution along an
axis perpendicular to the junction.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
57/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 57
Figure 3.46 Thepnjunction excited by a constant-current sourceI in the reverse direction. To avoid breakdown,Iis kept
smaller thanIS.Note that the depletion layer widens and the barrier voltage increases by VRvolts, which appears between
the terminals as a reverse voltage.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
58/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 58
Figure 3.47 The charge stored on either side of the depletion layer as a function of the reverse voltage VR.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
59/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 59
Figure 3.48 Thepnjunction excited by a reverse-current sourceI,whereI >IS. The junction breaks down, and a voltage VZ ,
with the polarity indicated, develops across the junction.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
60/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 60
Figure 3.49 Thepnjunction excited by a constant-current source supplying a currentIin the forward direction. The depletion
layer narrows and the barrier voltage decreases by V volts, which appears as an external voltage in the forward direction.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
61/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 61
Figure 3.50 Minority-carrier distribution in a forward-biasedpnjunction. It is assumed that thep region is more heavilydoped than the nregion;NA @ND.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
62/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 62
Figure 3.51 The SPICE diode model.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
63/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 63
Figure 3.52 Equivalent-circuit model used to simulate the zener diode in SPICE. DiodeD1is ideal and can be
approximated in SPICE by using a very small value for n(say n =0.01).
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
64/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 64
Figure 3.53 Capture schematic of the 5-V dc power supply in Example 3.10.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
65/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 65
Figure 3.54 The voltage vCacross the smoothing capacitor Cand the voltage vOacross the load resistorRload= 200 in
the 5-V power supply of Example 3.10.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
66/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 66
Figure 3.55 The output-voltage waveform from the 5-V power supply (in Example 3.10) for various load resistances:Rload
= 500 , 250 , 200 , and 150 . The voltage regulation is lost at a load resistance of 150 .
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
67/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 67
Figure E3.35 (a) Capture schematic of the voltage-doubler circuit (in Exercise 3.35).
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
68/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 68
Figure E3.35 (Continued)(b)Various voltage waveforms in the voltage-doubler circuit. The top graph displays the input
sine-wave voltage signal, the middle graph displays the voltage across diodeD1, and the bottom graph displays the voltage
that appears at the output.
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
69/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 69
Figure P3.2
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
70/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 70
Figure P3.3
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
71/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 71
Figure P3.4 (Continued)
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
72/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 72
Figure P3.4 (Continued)
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
73/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 73
Figure P3.5
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
74/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 74
Figure P3.6
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
75/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 75
Figure P3.9
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
76/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 76
Figure P3.10
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
77/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 77
Figure P3.16
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
78/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 78
Figure P3.23
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
79/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 79
Figure P3.25
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
80/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 80
Figure P3.26
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
81/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 81
Figure P3.28
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
82/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 82
Figure P3.54
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
83/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 83
Figure P3.56
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
84/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 84
Figure P3.57
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
85/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 85
Figure P3.58
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
86/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 86
Figure P3.59
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
87/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 87
Figure P3.63
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
88/97
Copyright
2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 88
Figure P3.82
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
89/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 89
Figure P3.91
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
90/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 90
Figure P3.92
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
91/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 91
Figure P3.93
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
92/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 92
Figure P3.97
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
93/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 93
Figure P3.98
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
94/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 94
Figure P3.102
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
95/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 95
Figure P3.103
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
96/97
Copyright 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 96
Figure P3.105
5/26/2018 02 - Dioda - Sedra4 Ch03
97/97