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Presenters
Donald Smith – Center for Safe SchoolsJoseph Rupe – Pennsylvania Emergency Management AgencyMike Hurley – Carlisle Area School DistrictRoger Kohr – Cumberland County Emergency Management
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WHAT IS ICS?
ICS is the model tool for command,
control, and coordination
of a response and
provides a means to coordinate the efforts of individual agencies
Agencies work toward the common goal of stabilizing the
incident and protecting life,
property, and the environment.
C3
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WHY ICS?
ICS uses principles that have been proven to
improve efficiency and effectiveness
in a business setting and applies the principles to emergency
response.
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When is ICS Utilized?
• Hazardous Materials Incident
• Planned Events
• Response to Natural Hazards/Events
• Single and multiple agency incidents
• Need for comprehensive resource management strategies
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When is ICS Utilized?• Fires• Multiple casualty incidents• Multi-jurisdictional/multi-agency incidents• Air, rail, water or ground transportation
accidents• Wide area search and rescue incidents• Pest eradication programs• Private sector emergency management
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ICS
• All risks system
• Appropriate for emergencies and non-emergency events
• Proven Successful– Common organizational structure– Key management principles in a standardized
way
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Foundations rooted in California during the 1970’s wild fires - FIRESCOPE
Based upon military (USMC) chain of command
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PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE
• Every complex job needs organized
• Management of an emergency is complex
• ICS is a proven method of organization
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• ICS is an expandable system of management
• It is a nationally recognized standard
• It is workable from small incidents to large disasters
• Currently used by community response organizations
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ICS Concept #1
•Every emergency needs managed– Traffic accident
• Two vehicles – 10 vehicles with HAZ-MAT
– Fire• Shed fire – large wildfire
No matter how small or how large– certain tasks or functions need performed
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ICS Concept #2
Every incident
WILL have an
Incident Commander
"It willhelp to
rememberthis!"
Someone needs to be in charge
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ICS Concept #3
Span of Control
• No person is in charge of more than 7 people– Optimum is 5 – If large numbers doing the same thing this
number may be 10(as in supervising students)
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ICS Concept #4
Common Terminology
• Same word = same meaning for all
• Learn terminology before the emergency
Common Objectives
•Set objectives
•Set time frame to achieve objectives
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ICS Terms & Acronyms
IC – Incident Command
CP – Command Post
PIO – Public Information Officer
IAP – Incident Action Plan
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HOW they Relate
Incident Command used is an adaptation of true emergency services ICS
Challenges face schools with different size staffs and organizational structures
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Chain of Command
Must be clearly defined – in advance
Must have depth of positions
May not follow normal (non-emergency) channels
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Chain of Command - continued
• Specify duties by position not person
• At least two back up persons for each position
• Assignments must be supported by appropriate training
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Command Post
• Must remain a constant management flow
• IC must remain at the CP
• If person leaves they delegate command
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Duties of Commander
• Assess the situation– Priority at every incident
• Incident stability• Life Safety
•Know resources available
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Duties of Commander(continued)
•Determine strategy for implementing the plan for success
•Monitor the Plan–Working or Not Working
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Duties of Commander(continued)
•Adjust the plan as needed
Document – Document – Document
•Job not complete until post-incident report is complete
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Incident Commander
Initially, the Incident Commander
will be the senior first-responder
to arrive at the scene
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ICS Organization
Incident Commander
Operations
Safety Officer
Liaison Officer
Information Officer
Planning Logistics Finance/Admin
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Plans Unit(planning or intelligence)
• Planning strategies to handle event
• Charged with keeping track of the “big picture”
• Documentation
• Strategy given to operations section
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Operations
• Fire suppression• Evacuation• First Aid• Search and Rescue
• Child Accounting• Intelligence Reporting• Initial Damage
Assessment
Carries out the tasks set by the plans section
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Operations
• Operations chief keeps the planning section updated as tasks are completed and information is gathered
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Logistics Section
Processes resources:–Person-power–Supplies–Equipment
KEY FACTOR = Communications
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Finance/Administration
Responsible for buying
Keeping financial records
Timekeeping
ICS needs an individual
to coordinate finances
for potential reimbursement
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School ICS Organization
Principal (School Commander)
Science Teacher (Operations Chief)
English Teacher (Information Officer)
Health Teacher (Safety Officer)
Assistant Principal (Liaison Officer)
History Teacher (Planning Chief)
Social Studies Teacher (Logistics
Chief)
Math Teacher (Finance/Admin
Chief)
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School Site ICS StructureSchool Commander
Safety Officer
Liaison OfficerInformation Officer
Planning Logistics Admin
Documentation
Situation Analysis
Operations
Security
Search&Rescue
Medical
Student Care
Student Release
Crisis Response
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Expanded Organization
School Commander
Operations
Safety Officer
Liaison Officer
Public Information Officer
Planning Logistics Finance/Admin
Situation Analysis
DocumentationSecurity
Search & Rescue
Student Care
Timekeeping
Staffing
Communications
Supplies
Purchasing
Medical
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Incident Commander Staff Positions
COMMAND STAFF
• Safety Officer
• PIO – Public Information Officer
• Liaison Officer
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Safety Officer
Responsible for
monitoring and assessing
safety hazards or unsafe conditions
and
for ensuring personal safety
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PIOPublic Information Officer
Located directly under the incident commander and off to the side
Determined by–Size of the incident –Type of emergency –Size of staff–District Policy
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PIO
• Reports directly to the incident commander
• Must be well informed at all times
• All staff should refer questions to PIO
• No one else talks to media
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Liaison Officer
Incident command may appoint a liaison officer
Coordinates with outside agencies
Unified command may absorb school incident commander
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Every organization differs
• Size of staff
• Size of student body
• Type of student body
• Size of facility
• Layout of facility
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OPERATIONSsub groups
Child Accounting/student care
Medical
Search and Rescue
Reunification
Transportation
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Child Accounting
Most important in most school situations
• Taking role – staff and students
• Protection from weather
• Sanitation needs
• Food & water
Much of this responsibility
rests with classroom teacher
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Concepts and Principles of
Incident Command Systems
• It is an adaptable, time tested and proven method of handling all size events
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Common Terminology
• Essential
• Name the Event– Generally by location– School Command / Fishing Creek Command
• Plain English NOT codes
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Modular Organization
• Top down in nature
• IC activates other functional areas
• Layered structure– Top two command and general staff
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Unity of Command
Each person
within the organization
reports to only one
designated person
"Are you
listening ?"
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Unified Command
All agencies with responsibility manage by establishing a common set of incident objectives
Does not mean giving up agency authority, responsibility or accountability
If authority is not relinquished it is retained!
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Major IncidentIncident Commander
Safety Officer
Liaison OfficerInformation Officer
Planning Logistics Admin
All Agencies
Operations
Police
Fire
School
Red Cross District
Staging
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Manageable Span of Control
How many individuals one supervisor can manage effectively?
• ICS=span of control is 3 to 7
• 5 is the optimum number
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BE AWARE !Paper Plan Syndrome
Illusion of preparedness• Frequently outdated
• Administrators eyes only
• Plans not exercised
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Perfect Practice Makes Perfect
Practice the Use of These Procedures in Mock Situations, Before
You Really Need It
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Size-Up•Nature of incident?
•Hazards present?
•Area affected?
•Area to be isolated?
•Where to locate CP and staging?
•Ingress and egress points/routes?
"Quick thinking
is the keyto quickaction"
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Contingency
Determining what could happen
IC must consider any possible developments in addition to the current situation during the planning process
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The hazardous material
and its configuration
The population at risk
Time factors
Meteorological conditions
Communications
capabilities
Emergency response
capabilities
ADEQUATE RESOURCES ARE VITAL ADEQUATE RESOURCES ARE VITAL TO EFFECTIVE PROTECTIVE ACTIONSTO EFFECTIVE PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
- Resources are necessary to initiate and control the protective action to achieve the maximum effectiveness in protecting our students and staff.
- "Pre-incident" planning for resource mobilization to implement protective actions can facilitate the speed and effectiveness of the action.
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Un-Met Needs
Resources you do not have and need
– Pre-known/planned for
– Discovered during emergency response
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Transfer of Command
• To a more
experienced person
• To a designated
person
• During long term
operations
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Transfer Briefing
• Incident conditions
• IAP and current status
• Safety considerations and concerns
• Deployment and assignment of operating units and personnel
• Resource status and deployment
• Use of forms beneficial
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Incident Action Plans
May not be written at smaller incidents
Based on incident needs and ICS organization
Developed for specific time periods
(operational periods = not to exceed 12 hours)
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Incident Command Post
The location at which the primary command functions take place.
The incident commander remains at the ICP
Can be co-located at the base
Name after location of incident
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Staging Area
Locations set up at an incident where resources can be placed while awaiting tactical assignment.
Staging areas are managed by the operations section.
Must have a manager in charge
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Command Post
• Established as the first responsibility of the incident commander
• When command is established clear lines of authority and communications for the incident are established
• Every incident needs an ICP established
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Command Post• One per incident even if multiple agencies
or jurisdictions are involved
• May be moved with clear communications to all parties involved
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Where to establish the ICP
• Position away from the general noise and confusion associated with the incident
• Position outside the area of present and potential hazards
• Position the ICP within view of the incident when possible
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Treatment Areas
• Relatively close to each other
• Oral communications between areas
• Shared access to medical supplies
• Easy transfer of patients whose status had
changed
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Emergency Operations Plan(EOP)
Written document that describes how a community or organization will do
business during an emergency.
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EOPAssigns responsibility to organizations andindividuals for carrying out specific actions
at projected times and places in an emergency.
Sets for the lines of authority and organizational relationships, and shows how all actions
will be coordinated. "Are you listening ?"
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EOP
Identifies personnel, equipment, facilities,supplies, and other resources available—within the jurisdiction or by agreement with other jurisdictions—for use during response and recovery operations.
Describes how people and property will beprotected in emergencies and disasters.
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SCHOOL
EMERGENCY
OPERATIONS
PLAN
THE IMPORTANCE OF PRE-INCIDENT PLANNING TOENHANCE EMERGENCY RESPONSE DECISION-MAKING
The planning process can reduce uncertainty in response operations.
The process can provide information about hazards, resources and vulnerabilities that cannot be easily obtained during an emergency.
Protective action planning can facilitate decision-making by identifying initial actions, decision policies, and an effective decision process.
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Assemble a Go Kit
Things you will need at every incident
• Identification• Pens, pencils, markers• Paper• ICS forms, agency
forms• Appropriate EOP
materials
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Assemble a Go Kit(Continued):• Other policies,
procedures or instructions
• Maps• Aerial photos• Masking tape, push pins• Clipboard• ICS vests, flags etc…
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Assemble a Go Kit
Continued – page three
• Flashlights, glow sticks
• Laptop
• Palm PC
• Surge protectors, software etc…
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Personal Preparedness
72 hour bag
Clothing
Toiletries
Flashlight
Medications
Snacks
Reading/entertainment
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RECORD KEEPING
• Follow all procedures mandated by local authorities
• Remember the report will need to be completed
• Reimbursement may depend on the reports
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Communications• Do not use the radio or telephone unless
authorized to do so.• Never use codes when communicating at
an incident.• Always limit radio and telephone traffic to
essential information only.• Land line and cellular service may be
limited – keep lines open as an option
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KEEPING A PERSPECTIVE ON THE TRAINING KEEPING A PERSPECTIVE ON THE TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
“All the details and lots of effort”
“Lets be practical”
The recommendations in this training program need to be adapted to your school’s specific situation and resources available for planning.