PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES & CHANGES1. Matter
2. States of Matter3. Physical & Chemical Properties4. Quantitative vs. Qualitative Properties5. Physical & Chemical Changes6. Energy
MATTER
Matter
Chemistry Biology
Astronomy
Physics
Earth Sciences
What is Matter?
Matter is any substance that has both mass (collection of particles) and volume (takes up space).
Almost everything around us is matter including air and other gases.
Energy is not matter.
Atoms/Molecules in States of Matter
Solid Liquid Gas
Phases of matter
What does it mean to be solid vs. a liquid or a
gas?
Properties of Threes States
State Atomic/ Molecular Motion
Atomic/ Molecular Spacing
Shape Volume Compressibility
Solid Vibration about fixed pt
Close together
Definite Definite Can’t
Liquid Free to move
Close together
Indefinite Definite A little
Gas Free to move
Far apart Indefinite Indefinite Can
States or Phases of Matter
Deposition
Bill Nye – Phases of Matter
Properties
Properties are the characteristics used to identify a substance.
Examples include, color, taste, smell, dimensions, density, etc.
What are its properties?
Types of Properties
1. Chemical vs. Physical Properties2. Quantitative vs. Qualitative
Properties
These properties are not mutually exclusive. i.e. they can overlap. For instance a physical property can also be a qualitative property.
Chemical & Physical PropertiesThe characteristic is considered a chemical property if it describes the ability to react with another substance and form one or more new substances
Example - Iron rusts. This is a chemical property because the observation of iron rusting causes the metal to change and become rusted and thus a new substance
The characteristic is considered a physical property if it can be observed and/or measured without a new substance being formed.
Example - Freezing point of water. Measuring the temperature of the water doesn’t change it.
Property For Gold
State at room temperature
Solid
Colour Yellow
Density 19.3 g/mL
Melting point 693 ºC
Electrical conductivity Good
Reactivity to acid None
Dissolves in water No
Physical and Chemical Properties of Gold
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Properties
They are subgroups of physical properties
1) Qualitative properties are descriptive properties.
Example- The car is red.
2) Quantitative properties are based on a number or measurement.
Example – It is 5°C outside.
Common Physical Properties
• Viscosity• Melting Point• Boiling Point• Solubility• Hardness• Conductivity• Density
• Colour• Odour• State• Texture• Lustre• Malleability
Common Chemical Properties
• Reaction with Acid• Reaction with another substance• Combustibility (reaction with oxygen)
• Ability to rust
Practice with properties
Identify the types of property for the following:
1. Food rots
2. An acid corrodes metal.
3. The weight of a gallon of oil is 7.5 pounds.
Practice with propertiesIdentify the types of property for the following: Food rots
This is a chemical property as a new substance is formed.
Practice with properties
Identify the types of property for the following:
An acid corrodes metal.
This is a chemical property as the acid and metal are destroyed in observing this property.
Practice with propertiesIdentify the types of property for the following:
The weight of a gallon of oil is 7.5 pounds. This is a physical property as the oil is not
changed in making the observation. It is a quantitative property since a measurement
is involved.
A chemical change results in new substance with different properties. A physical change may change the appearance of a substance but most of the properties will remain the same.
Examples
Chemical Physical
Burning wood Sawing wood
Decomposing water Freezing water
Nail rusting Cleaning rust with steel wool
Chemical vs. Physical Change
1. A gas is given off.
2. A color change occurs.
3. A precipitate (solid) is formed.
4. Heat is absorbed or given off.
5. Electrons are transferred.
Also, difficulty in reversing a change hints at a chemical change.
Keep in mind these are only clues that a chemical change may have taken place. Proof still depends on a new substance being formed with new properties.
Chemical Change Clues
EnergyEnergy is not matter, it has no mass and takes up no volume. It is the ability to do work and comes in many different forms including:- Heat- Mechanical – motion, position- Electrical- Sound- Chemical- Nuclear- Electromagnetic
Please Complete the Handouts