18-04-23
Application of Low Noise Road surfaces in the Netherlands:
Excellent results but not enough to meet the legal targets
Prepared by the Netherlands
For GRB 44 Sept 2006 Geneva
Informal document No. GRB-44-5(44th GRB, 4-6 September 2006agenda item 6.)
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
2
Why should we reduce noise? Noise = Health
DALY= Disability Adjusted Life Years
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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Noise abatement
Health Laws Levels of protection
Conventional way: barriers and insulation.
High growth of traffic uncontrollable rise of cost
NL: 4 bln EURO for national infrastructure alone
All studies: source abatement is most effective and most cost efficient
(max 1 bln EURO)
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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Sources of road traffic noise
engine
intake
exhaust
gearbox tyre/road contact
wind
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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Source related noise abatement in the road sector
• Direct noise abatement at the source
• Vehicles (power train and wind noise)
• Tires
• Road surfaces
• Indirect noise abatement at the source:
• Town & infrastructure planning
• Traffic management−Speed & Driving behavior
−Restriction of vehicles allowed in areas or time
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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Responsibilities
• Vehicle Noise limits: EU and UN/ECE
• Tire Noise limits: EU and UN/ECE
• Road surfaces: national or local
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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Potential of traffic noise reduction engine, tyre and road surface
0
2
4
6
8
10
red
uct
ion
po
ten
tial
in
dB
40 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h
enginetyre
road
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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Porous asphalt:
Since 1940? reduction of splash & spray on airport runways
Since 1980: application as low noise road surface (-3 dB at 120 km/h)
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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Acoustic optimisation of porous asphalt
1990: Two layered porous asphalt with improved surface texture
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
new types of silent Roads
2000: application of semi porous thin layers (very smooth
surface texture
Two-layered Porous Asphalt
Thin Layer (semi porous)
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
11
Noise reducing Asphalt Layers
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
30 50 70 90 110 130
car - speed [km/h]
SP
B-l
evel [d
B(A
)]
Dense Asphalt Concrete
Porous Asphalt 0/16 (standard)
Two - layered PA (fine)
Silent thin Layer
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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History of low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1990 1995 2000 2005
aa
nta
l s
tille
we
gd
ek
pro
du
cte
nN
um
ber
of
reg
iste
red
low
no
ise
road
su
rfac
e p
rod
uct
s
2001: Stimulation program Min Env
2004: Innovation program
Min Env + Min Transp
1998: Type approval system
Min Env
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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Cwegdek lichte motorvoertuigen
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
-8,0
-6,0
-4,0
-2,0
0,0
2,0
4,0
Snelheid [km/h]
Re
du
cti
e [
dB
(A)]
2L ZOAB
SMA
1L ZOAB
uitgeborsteld beton
fijngebezemd beton
oppervlakbew erking
beton discontinu 4/7
2L ZOAB fijne toplaag
Geosilent
Novachip
Microville
Tw inlay-M
ZSA-O
Micropave
Stilstone
Fluisterfalt
Accoduit
Tapisville
Nobelpave
Micro-Top 0/8
Microflex 0/6
Micro-Top 0/6
DuBoFalt
ZSA-SD
Redufalt
SilenTONE
ZSM
VIAGRIP®
0 = reference
- 2
- 4
- 6
- 8 dB(A)
50 km/h 120 km/hspeed
Croad for light vehicles
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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Status low noise surfaces in the Netherlands 2006
Highways:
•60% single layer porous
•3% double layer porous
•Pilots on thin layers
Future
•Double layer = standard in high noise regions
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
Can we sit back and relax now?
Inhabitants of EU15 exposed to road traffic noise (data from 2000):
>55 dB(A) >65 dB(A) >75dB(A)
Percentage of population 32% 13% 2%
Number of inhabitants (mln) 120 49 8
Conclusion: NO!
the necessary reduction is much bigger than the 5 dB we get from road surfaces
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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Spread in vehicle noise levels build up of two components: road surface effect, tyre/vehicle effect
Geneva, Sept 2006Low noise road surfaces in the Netherlands
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What if we do not achieve the vehicle/tire targets?
Health targets are often not reachable
Local situations will enforce more often drastic measures
• drastic reduced speed
• Toll tunnel
• total vehicle ban
Final cost for society is much higher than necessary