Name: _________________________

1.4.9 Human Impact on an Ecosystem 2Conservation Worksheet

ConservationHave you seen on of these recently?

It is a Dodo and has been extinct since 1681.

How did it happen?

What happened to the dodo? {Not examinable}

• In 1598 Portuguese and Dutch sailors were the first people to live on the island of Mauritius.

• With them they brought pigs, dogs, rats and even monkeys.

• They killed dodos for food and by 1681 (83 years later) they were extinct.

Conservation

• If you are connected to the internet click on the link below to view a web page on the

Relationship of the Dodo Bird and the Calvaria Tree {Not examinable}

http://geology.wcedu.pima.edu/~enicksin/new.html

What is Conservation?Conservation is the __________________ and _________________________________ of

_________ ___________________ and the _______________________________.

Benefits of Conservation

• Existing environments

___________________________________________________________

• Endangered species

_____________________________________________________________

• The balance of nature

____________________________________________________________

Page 1 of 11

Name: _________________________

• ____________________________________________________________________ are

reduced

Page 2 of 11

Name: _________________________

One Conservation practice from one of the following areas

There is a _______________________________________________________ of the environment

to ____________________________ and the ________________________ of its natural resources.

AgricultureOne Conservation practice from one of the following areas is required:

Mixed farming

Crop rotation

Biological controls

Gene banks

Mixed farmingWhat is mixed farming?

Farming system where both ________ (crops) and ____________ (livestock) farming is carried out.

Conservation and Mixed Farming• Animals _____________________ and help to maintain __________________________

and _________________________________ of artificial fertilisers used.

• Increases __________________ and soil __________________________________ and

improves ___________________________.

• If rotations of various crops and forage legumes are used, they

___________________________

• Reduce ________________________________.

• Recycling wastes __________________________________________________

Crop rotationWhat is crop rotation?

Page 3 of 11

Re-planting, Broadleaf/conifer mixForestry

Fishing Net size, Quotas, Re-stockingFisheries

Mixed farming, Crop rotationBiological controls, Gene banksAgriculture

Conservation PracticeArea

Name: _________________________

____________________________________________________ in a given field from one growing

season to the next.

Page 4 of 11

Name: _________________________

Conservation and Crop Rotation

• Different crops ______________________________________ from the soil; some crops

________ particular nutrients that others take away.

• Crop rotation can also ______________________________________ and avoid the build

up of _________________ and __________ that often occur when one species is continuously

grown.

Biological controlsWhat are Biological controls?

Biological control is a method of __________________________ (including __________ ) and

diseases in agriculture that ____________________________, ____________________ or other

___________________________, rather than introduced chemicals.

Conservation and Biological Controls

• Ladybird larva eating woolly apple aphids

Advantages:

• __________________________________________________

• No ____________________________________ left on plants

• ___________________ of chemicals into soil or watercourses

Conservation and Biological Controls

• Diagram illustrating the natural

enemies of cabbage pests

Conservation in action in AgricultureConventional agriculture uses _____________________ and _______________________________

This has contributed to _______________________________ through ______________________,

________________________ and _________________________.

These also have negative effects on the soil, water and air qualities. Global climate, wildlife and

biodiversity are also affected.

Page 5 of 11

Name: _________________________

Is soil degradation serious?

• Soil degradation due to erosion and compaction processes is probably the

__________________ _____________________________________ caused by conventional

agriculture.

• About ____________________________________ of land are lost per year for agricultural

uses, due to soil degradation processes

Note: 10,000,000 ha = 24,700,000 acres = 95,500 square miles. Ireland = 39,690 square miles

A Dust Storm

Soil being blown away

Can you suggest what should be done?

• Stop ________________________________________

• Reduce the ___________________________________

• Increase the amount of ‘_____________________’ land

Gene BanksWhat are gene banks?

Gene banks are _________________________________________________, be it plant or animal.

In plants, this could be _____________________________ from the plant, or the seeds themselves.

In animals, this is the ______________________________________________________________.

Conservation and Gene BanksThis is one way scientists have of ____________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________.

In plants, it is possible to ___________________________________________________, however,

in animals, a living female is required for ___________________________________________.

Page 6 of 11

Name: _________________________

Conservation and Gene BanksArtificial insemination of farm animals is very common in today's agriculture industry.

It provides an ____________________________________ for a livestock grower to breed their

herds with males ____________________________________, e.g. good beef quality, high milk

yield, good wool quality, etc.

FisheriesOne Conservation practice from one of the following areas is required:

Fishing Net size

Quotas

Re-stocking

Fishing Net sizeWhat is net mesh size?

This refers to how _______________________________________________ or spaces enclosed by

the threads of a net are.

Conservation and Fishing Net Size

• The use of small-mesh nets can result in

_____________________________________________

• Using larger meshed nets to

_______________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Page 7 of 11

Name: _________________________

Different types of nets

Square Mesh Diamond Mesh

Square mesh – does not alter its shape under tension – ____________________________________

Diamond mesh netting (left) – closes under tension (right) and _____________________________________

Fishing QuotasWhat is a fishing quota?

______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

This national quota allocation is ___________________________ into quotas for specific _______,

_____________, _______________ or ______________________, e.g. producers' organisations.

Fishing QuotasWhy have quotas?

Over fishing has _____________________________ at sea

Fish quotas (maximum amount allowed to be caught) have been assigned to different countries to

_____________________________________________________________________________.

Conservation and Fishing Quotas

• Helps to prevent the

_____________________________________________________________

• Gradually _______________________________________ and helps to re-establish

populations

Page 8 of 11

Name: _________________________

• Attempts to maintain fishing at

____________________________________________________

Re-stockingWhat is the purpose of re-stocking?

To achieve a _________________________________________________________ of that species

_________________ of species into areas where they have not naturally occurred is not encouraged

Can you suggest why not? __________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Conservation and Re-stocking

• Re-stocking attempts to

__________________________________________________________

• Increases stocks for

_____________________________________________________________

Forestry

ForestryOne Conservation practice from one of the following areas is required:

Re-planting

Broadleaf/conifer mix

Forestry Re-planting

• Ensures __________________________________ of those forests that are periodically

harvested for timber.

• Allows foresters to __________________________________________________ for the

forest.

Page 9 of 11

Deciduous Forest

Multi-layered Forest

Coniferous Forest

Ground layer in open Deciduous

Forest

Name: _________________________

• Helps the forest ______________________________________. Replanting is now a

common practice after harvests and wildfire.

• Forests that aren't replanted after a natural disaster, can take

_____________________________.

Page 10 of 11

Name: _________________________

Broadleaf/Conifer mix

• Conifers rapidly _________________________________________________ to replace

imports

• Broadleaf trees also provides timber for industry

______________________________________

• Broadleaf planting forms ___________________________ and provides

__________________, ___________________________, adds to the landscape and

_____________________________

Conservation in action in Forestry

• The selection and management of the _______________________________________________ of the woodland• _________________________________________ of broadleaved species in plantations

• Leave greater areas of __________________________________________. This will

encourage the growth of an ______________________________________ by increased light

penetration

Conservation in action in Forestry

• Encourage the planting of woodland plots with the greatest woodland edge

• Enhance the _______________________ of wooded areas by leaving some

________________; and increasing the number of

_________________________________________

• Promote _________________________ rather than ________________________ as the

dominant harvesting technique

Need to know

• Define the term: Conservation.

• Outline any one practice of conservation from agriculture, forestry or fisheries.

END

Page 11 of 11