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JUSTICE MILAGROS A. GERMAN'S
INDEX OF SUPREME COURT RULINGS IN AGRARIAN CASES FROM
JANUARY 1961 TO 2001
A
ABANDONMENT
Gavino Corpus vs. Sps. Geronimo Grospe
G.R. No. 135297, June 8, 2000
Abandonment requires a clear and absolute intention to renounce a right or
claim or to desert a right or property.
Rosello vs. Reyes99 SCRA 1
After the Trial Court found as per its decision that the tenant was not ejected
by the landowner but that he voluntarily abandoned his landholding, it is incorrect for
the Court to order his reinstatement
Teodoro vs. Macaraeg
27 SCRA 8-9
Tenant's offer to surrender leasehold on the condition that one named by him
should be accepted as his successor does not constitute abandonment.
ACTIONS
Department of Agrarian Reform Adjudication Board vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. Nos. 113220-21, January 21, 1997
266 SCRA 406
All actions pursued under the exclusive original jurisdiction of the DAR, in
accordance with 50 of R.A. No. 6657, must be commenced in the PARAD of the
province where the property is located and the DARAB only has appellate jurisdiction
to review the PARAD's orders, decisions and other dispositions.
Tongson vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 77104, November 6, 1992
215 SCRA 428
Under Section 11, R.A. No. 1199, an action for accounting may be filed by the
tenant within three (3) years from the date of the threshing of the crop in question.
Laureto vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 95838, August 7, 1992
212 SCRA 397
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An action for violation of Section 2 of P.D. No. 816 falls within the original
and exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Agrarian Relations (Sec. 5, P.D. 816), now
the Regional Trial Courts (Sec. 19, par. 7, B.P. 129).
ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS
Lucia Mapa vda. de la Cruz, et al. vs. Adjuto Abille
G.R. No. 130196, February 26, 2001
Where there is no showing, as in the case at bar, that there was fraud,
collusion, arbitrariness, illegality, imposition or mistake on the part of a department
head, in rendering his questioned decisions or of a total lack of substantial evidence to
support the same, such administrative decisions are entitled to great weight and
respect and will not be interfered with.
ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
Villaflor vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 95694, October 9, 1997
280 SCRA 298
It applies "where a claim is originally cognizable in the courts, and comes into
play whenever enforcement of the claim requires the resolution of issues which, under
a regulatory scheme, have been placed within the special competence of anadministrative body; in such case, the judicial process is suspended pending referral
of such issues to the administrative body for its review."
Republic vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 122256, October 30, 1996
263 SCRA 758
The DAR is an administrative agency which cannot be granted jurisdiction
over cases of eminent domain and over criminal cases.
Land Bank of the Philippines vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 118712, October 6, 1995
249 SCRA 149
Administrative regulations cannot extend the law and amend a legislative
enactment for settled is the rule that administrative regulations must be in harmony
with the provisions of the law.
ADMISSION
Dequito vs. Llamas
66 SCRA 504-505
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Admission by party of voluntary surrender of landholding for a consideration
in sworn affidavit has a considerable effect.
The party is bound by his voluntary admissions and declarations against his
own interest appearing in his affidavit and this Court will not allow him to return his
back to it.
AFFIDAVITS
Reyes vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 96492, November 26, 1992
216 SCRA 25
Section 16 of P.D. No. 946 states that in the hearing, investigation and
determination of any question or controversy, affidavits and counter-affidavits may be
allowed and are admissible in evidence.'
Candido vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 107493, February 1, 1996
253 SCRA 79
An affidavit that has not been formally offered during the proceedings in the
trial court is not among the matters which the law mandatorily requires to be taken
judicial notice of.
AGRARIAN DISPUTE
Heirs of the Late Hermon Rey Santos vs. CA, et al.
March 7, 2000
There is no agrarian dispute where both parties are contending for the
ownership of the subject property.
AGRARIAN RELATIONS
Jaime Corpin vs. Amor S. Vivar
G.R. No. 137350, June 19, 2000
A Regional Trial Court's finding that there exists a landlord-tenant relationship
between the parties, which was based on the documents attached by a party to his
memoranda in the RTC but not presented to the municipal trial court, must be set
aside due to insufficiency of evidence.
Bicol Federation of Labor vs. Cuyugan65 SCRA 195
Term "agrarian relations" construed; the term embraces every situation where
an individual provides his personal labor over a parcel of agricultural land belonging
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to another for the purpose principally of agricultural production, and where the
former, for his labor input and other sundry contributions, is compensated either in
wages or a share in the produce, or is obliged to pay lease rentals to the landowner.
AGRICULTURAL LANDS
De la Paz vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
25 SCRA 480
In the classification of Agricultural Lands, in order to fix the consideration for
the use of ricelands in leasehold system, the use of the term "years" in Sec. 46 (a),
R.A. No. 1199 is taken to mean "agricultural year" as the phrase is understood in
Sections 32-33 of the same law.
Ilusorio vs. Santos4 SCRA 705
Determination of classes of land; since Republic Act No. 1199 establishes a
particular manner for determining whether land is first or second class, no other
method is acceptable.
Philippine National Railways vs. Valle
29 SCRA 573
Under Section 3 of the Agricultural Tenancy Act and Section 166 (1) of the
Agricultural Land Reform Code, agricultural land means land devoted to agricultureor to any growth.
AGRICULTURAL LEASEHOLD RELATIONS
Oarde vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. Nos. 104774-75, October 8, 1997
280 SCRA 235
The law is explicit on requiring the tenant and his immediate family to workthe land (Bonifacio vs. Dizon, 177 SCRA 294), and the lessee cannot hire many
persons to help him cultivate the land.
Philippine National Bank vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 105760, July 7, 1997
275 SCRA 72
The agricultural lessee's rights are enforceable against the transferee or the
landowner's successor-in-interest.
Cuao vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 107159, September 26, 1994
237 SCRA 124
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The fact that a tenant or an agricultural lessee may have been assisted by farm
laborers hired by the landowners, on occasional or temporary basis, does not preclude
the element of "personal cultivation" essential in a tenancy or agricultural leasehold
relationship.
Bernas vs. Court of AppealsG.R. No. 85041, August 5, 1993
225 SCRA 119
Whatever was the true nature of his designation, Benigno, was the LEGAL
POSSESSOR of the property and the law expressly grants him, as legal possessor,
authority and capacity to institute an agricultural leasehold lessee on the property he
legally possessed.
Endaya vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 88113, October 23, 1992
215 SCRA 110
The fact that the landowner entered into a civil lease contract over the subject
landholding and gave the lessee the authority to oversee the farming of the land, as
was done in this case, is not among the causes provided by law for the
extinguishments of the agricultural leasehold relation.
AGRICULTURAL LEASEHOLD RELATIONSHIP
Angel Chico vs. CA, et al.
G.R. No. 134735; December 5, 2000
Pre-requisite conditions; a) the parties are the landowner and the tenant or
agricultural lessee; b) the subject matter of the relationship is agricultural land; c)
there is consent between the parties to the relationship; d) the purpose of the
relationship is to bring about agricultural production; e) there is personal cultivation
on the part of the tenant or agricultural lessee; and f) the harvest is shared between the
landowner and the tenant of agricultural lessee.
AGRICULTURAL TENANCY
Qua vs. Court of Appeals
198 SCRA 237, June 11, 1991
Private respondent Carmen Carillo is not entitled to be considered an
agricultural tenant. Therefore, she may not be allowed the use of a homelot, a
privilege granted by Section 35 of R.A. No. 3844, as amended, in relation to Section
22(3) of R.A. No. 1199, as amended, only to persons satisfying the qualifications of
agricultural tenants of coconut lands.
Zamoras vs. Su, Jr.
184 SCRA 248, April 6, 1990
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Tenants, as defined in Pres. Decree No. 1517 does not include those whose
possession of the property is under litigation.
De los Reyes vs. Espineli
30 SCRA 574
Agricultural tenancy defined; the physical possession by a person of land
devoted to agriculture belonging to, or legally possessed by another for the purpose of
production through the labor of the former and of the members of his immediate farm
household in consideration of which the former agrees to share the harvest with the
latter, or to pay a price certain or ascertainable, either in produce or in money or in
both.
Carag vs. Court of Appeals
151 SCRA 44
Definition of tenancy pursuant to Sec. 5 (a) of R.A. No. 1199; a person who byhimself, or with the aid available from within his immediate household, cultivates the
land belonging to or possessed by another, with the latter's consent for purposes of
production, sharing the produce with the landholder or for a price certain or
ascertainable in produce or in money or both, under the leasehold tenancy system.
Matienzo vs. Servidad
107 SCRA 276
Definition of tenancy pursuant to Sec. 5 (a) of R.A. No. 1199; a person who by
himself, or with the aid available from within his immediate household, cultivates the
land belonging to or possessed by another, with the latter's consent for purposes of
production, sharing the produce with the landholder or for a price certain or
ascertainable in produce or in money or both, under the leasehold tenancy system.
AGRICULTURAL TENANCY ACT
Tongson vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 77104, November 6, 1992
215 SCRA 428
In case of share tenancy, the sharing system on crops other than rice is
provided in Sec. 41, R.A. No. 1199 otherwise known as the Agricultural Tenancy Act
as amended by R.A. No. 2263.
Whether the sharing is in accordance with stipulations or customs of the place,
the law provides that the tenant's share for his labor in the production shall not be less
than 30% of the harvest after deducting the expenses for harvesting and/or initial
processing.
AGRICULTURAL WORKER
Hernandez vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
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189 SCRA 758, September 21, 1990
Agricultural Worker, defined; An agricultural worker is an agricultural wage,
salary or piece worker.
Jalandoni, Jr. vs. Arsenal189 SCRA 56, July 30, 1990
Private respondent is clearly an agricultural worker or farm laborer.
Coconut Cooperative Marketing Association, Inc. (COCOMA) vs. Court of Appeals
164 SCRA 568-569
An agricultural worker is not a whit different from a farm worker. From the
definition of a "farm worker" thus fashioned, it is quite apparent that there should be
an employer-employee.
De los Reyes vs. Espineli
30 SCRA 576
A "farm worker" is any agricultural wage, salary or piece worker, but it is not
limited to a farm worker of a particular farm employer unless this Code explicitly
states otherwise, and any individual whose work has ceased as a consequence of, or in
connection with, a current agrarian disputes or an unfair labor practice and who has
not obtained substantially equivalent and regular employment.
Guerrero vs. Court of Appeals
142 SCRA 137
"Farmhand" or "agricultural worker" defined; "any agricultural salary or piece
worker but is not limited to a farm worker of a particular farm employer unless this
Code explicitly states otherwise, and any individual whose work has ceased as a
consequence of, or in connection with, a current agrarian disputes or an unfair labor
practice and who has not obtained substantially equivalent and regular employment.
AGRICULTURAL YEAR
De Santos vs. Santos
2 SCRA 820
"Agricultural year" defined. "Agricultural year" is the period of time
necessary for the raising of seasonal agricultural products, including the preparation
of the land, and the sowing, planting and harvesting the crop . . .".
Ilusorio vs. Santos
4 SCRA 704-705
Agricultural year: period covered; Each crop period is considered anindependent agricultural year.
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AMORTIZATION PAYMENTS
Locsin vs. Valenzuela
194 SCRA 195, February 19, 1991
The lease rentals paid by the tenant-farmers prior to such full payment by theLand Bank to the old landowner would be credited no longer as rentals but rather as
amortization payments of the price of the land.
Locsin vs. Valenzuela
194 SCRA 195, February 19, 1991
Lot No. 2-C-A-3 having been declared part of the land reform area and
subjected to Operation Land Transfer the payment made on and after 21 October
1972 by the private respondent tenants-farmers constituted amortization payments on
the cost of the land.
APPEALS
Roberto Mito vs. Court of Appeals, et al.
G.R. No. 126099, March 12, 2001
Certiorari cannot be resorted to as a substitute for the lost remedy of appeal.
An appeal is a statutory privilege and it may only be exercised in the manner provided
by law.
De Guzman vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
169 SCRA 289, January 20, 1989
Being an agricultural lessee, petitioner under Sec. 16 of PD 946 has the right to
appeal as a pauper and should not have been required to pay the docket fee.
Santiago vs. Court of Appeals
179 SCRA 188-189, November 8, 1989
The Court of Appeals has the discretion to require or not to require the parties
to submit simultaneous memoranda. In case of non-requirement, neither party canrightfully claim that he has been deprived of his day in court, considering that the
filing of a memorandum is not an indispensable part and considering further that no
injustice is done, inasmuch as both parties stand on the same footing where no one
enjoys any advantage over the other.
De Guzman vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
169 SCRA 288, January 20, 1989
Fact that petitioner intentionally did not pay the docket fee because having
been allowed to litigate as a pauper litigant he is not required to pay is in accord with
Sec. 16 of PD 946.
De Guzman vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
169 SCRA 288, January 20, 1989
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An appeal cannot be perfected if the corresponding docket fee is not paid.
Angel vs. Inopiquez
169 SCRA 129, January 13, 1989
The rule is that once appeal is perfected, the trial court loses its jurisdictionover the case and to issue the writ of execution.
De Guzman vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
169 SCRA 288-280, January 20, 1989
Under PD 946, an agricultural lessee is entitled to the rights of a pauper and/or
indigent litigant and to continue to enjoy such status in the appellate courts until the
case is terminated.
De Guzman vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
169 SCRA 289, January 20, 1989
The right to appeal is an essential part of the judicial system and litigants
should not be deprived of their right to do so.
De Santos vs. Santos
2 SCRA 820
Appeal and error: court of agrarian relations: motion for reconsideration not
required. Neither Republic Act No. 1267, as amended, nor the Rules of Court of
Agrarian Relations, which took effect on 1 January 1956, requires an aggrieved party
to seek a reconsideration of its judgment or order before taking an appeal to theSupreme Court.
Ilusorio vs. Santos
4 SCRA 705
Extinctive prescription is a defense that is waived if not pleaded in due time
and may not be invoked for the first time on appeal.
Macandile vs. Macalino
85 SCRA 329
The special civil action of certiorari cannot be a substitute for appeal even after
the period of appeal has lapsed.
Puertollano vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
156 SCRA 188
The appeal is not premature because the petitioner abandoned their motion for
reconsideration and opted for the remedy of appeal by filing a notice of appeal.
Santos vs. De Guzman
1 SCRA 1048
Appeal: where original decision was incomplete, period for appeal is counted
from receipt of supplemental decision.
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Tiu vs. Court of Appeals
37 SCRA 100
Private respondent's only claim to justify continued occupancy of the premises
in question refers to the right of petitioner to own the leased premises, claiming
petitioner is not a Filipino citizen. This claim is based on a defense which isunavailable to him. His appeal may therefore be considered frivolous and made solely
for delay.
Angliongto, Jr. vs. Court of Appeals
116 SCRA 659
As the Court of Appeals made a legal inference from a set of facts, its
conclusion being one of law is reviewable by the Supreme Court.
Tumulin vs. Court of Appeals
48 SCRA 450
Execution of decision of agrarian court pending appeal; this action of the
appellate court is not in accord with the spirit of our agrarian laws.
Canturna vs. Court of Appeals
70 SCRA 563-564
Failure of public counsel to include material dates showing timeliness of the
appeal interposed on behalf of an agricultural tenant may be excused where it would
subserve the ends of justice and it was subsequently shown that appeal was actually
filed on time.
Anduiza vs. Dy-Kia
29 SCRA 199
Only final orders of agrarian court are appealable.
Arellano vs. Court of Appeals
48 SCRA 131
Respondent's argument that their appeal was perfected on time because it was
made within ten (10) days from notice of the resolution denying the motion forreconsideration, is misconception of the applicable rule. The rule allowing a party a
period of ten (10) days from notice of denial of a motion for reconsideration was filed
within the fifteen day period from notice of decision.
Teruez vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
134 SCRA 414
Whether or not person is a tenant is a question of fact. It is therefore
reviewable on appeal to the Supreme Court from Intermediate Appellate Court.
Yabut vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
142 SCRA 124
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When appeal is deemed perfected; The appeal is not perfected on the date the
notice of appeal was filed but on the expiration of the last day to appeal.
APPROPRIATION LAW
Association of Small Landowners in the Philippines, Inc. vs. Secretary of Agrarian
Reform
175 SCRA 345, July 14, 1989
An appropriation law is one of the primary and specific purpose of which is to
authorize the release of public funds from the treasury. Proclamation No. 131 is not
an appropriation measure. The creation of the fund is only incidental to the main
objective of the proclamation, which is agrarian reform.
ATTORNEY'S FEES
Oarde vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. Nos. 104774-75, October 8, 1997
280 SCRA 236
Award of attorney's fees depends upon the circumstances of each case and lies
within the discretion of the court.
Development Bank of the Philippines vs. Court of AppealsG.R. No. 118180, September 20, 1996
262 SCRA 246
The matter of attorney's fees cannot be touched once and only in the
dispositive portion of the decision, the text itself must expressly state the reason why
attorney's fees are being awarded.
While the judicial discretion in the award of attorney's fees is not entirely left
out, the same, as a rule, must have a factual legal or equitable justification, the matter
cannot and should not be left to speculation and conjecture.
Ilocos Norte Electric Company vs. Court of Appeals
179 SCRA 5 (1989) citing Espiritu v. Court of Appeals, 20 SCRA 530 (Castillo vs.
Court of Appeals, 205 SCRA 530, January 27, 1992
The award of attorney's fees by the trial court is unwarranted since the action
appears to have been filed in good faith.
Magbanua vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
137 SCRA 327-328
The petitioners are also entitled to attorney's fees but the size of fees as well asthe damages is subject to the sound discretion of the court.
Ilusorio vs. Santos
4 SCRA 705
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The imposition of attorney's fees lies in the discretion of the Court of Agrarian
Relations under Article 2208, No. 11, of the New Civil Code, and is authorized under
Section 55 of Republic Act No. 1199, that applies to tenancy relations those
provisions of existing laws not consistent with said Act.
B
BANKS
Philippine National Bank vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
143 SCRA 300-301
The Land Bank cannot be ordered to pay DBP the loan obtained thereat by thelandowner whose lands were expropriated under P.D. 27 as said loan has nothing to
do with the PNB loan and DBP is not a party to the suit.
Vda. de Ortiz vs. Land Bank of the Philippines
148 SCRA 685-686
The Land Bank is not obliged to pay interest from October 21, 1972 the date of
effectivity of P.D. 27 up to the date the bank paid the acquisition price for lands
bought under the Land Reform Program.
Mallari vs. Court of Appeals161 SCRA 504
It is not necessary for the lessee to make a tender of payment and/or
consignation of the amount of the redemption price. A certification issued by the
Land Bank that it will finance the redemption of the property in question is sufficient.
C
CERTIFICATE OF EMPLOYMENT
Co vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
162 SCRA 391
The certificate of employment submitted by the petitioner does not indicate
Roaring's hours of work in the said corporation so "as to establish that it is physically
impossible for him to do the work of a tenant.
CERTIFICATE OF LAND TRANSFER
Vinzons-Magana vs. Estrella
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201 SCRA 537, September 13, 1991
Mere issuance of the certificate of land transfer does not vest in the
farmer/grantee ownership of the land described therein.
Curso vs. Court of Appeals128 SCRA 568
Actions for forfeiture of certificates of land transfer for failure to pay lease
rentals for more than two years fall within the original and exclusive jurisdiction of
the Court of Agrarian Relations.
Miranda vs. Court of Appeals
141 SCRA 303
Certificate of land transfer; the nullification of said certificate may be had only
in a case directly attacking its validity but never collaterally.
Curso vs. Court of Appeals
128 SCRA 568
P.D. No. 816 imposed the sanction of forfeiture where the "agricultural lessee .
. . deliberately refuses and/or continues to pay rentals or amortization payments when
they fall due for a period of two (2) years." Petitioners cannot be said to have
deliberately refused to pay the lease rentals. They acted in accordance with the MAR
Circular, which implements P.D. 816, and in good faith.
CERTIORARI
Chico vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 122704, January 5, 1998
284 SCRA 33
Certiorari; Rule 65 of the Rules of Court cannot be a substitute for lost appeal.
Department of Agrarian Reform Adjudication Board vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. Nos. 113220-21, January 21, 1997266 SCRA 404
The Court of Appeals could direct, in the exercise of its certiorari jurisdiction,
the Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator (PARAD) to resolve an application for a
writ of preliminary injunction within a specified period a 10-day period, counted
from receipt of a copy of the decision of the Court of Appeals, can by no means be
considered arbitrary or hasty.
Reyes vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 96492, November 26, 1992
216 SCRA 25
Settled is the rule that only questions of law may be raised in a petition for
review on certiorari under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court.
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CHANGE OF TENANCY SYSTEM
De la Paz vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
25 SCRA 480
The tenant shall have the right to change the tenancy contract from one of
share tenancy to leasehold tenancy and vice versa and from the crop sharing
arrangement to another of the share tenancy.
De Borja vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
79 SCRA 558
Section 14, R.A. No. 1199 which grants to the share tenant the right to convert
the relationship to leasehold is constitutional.
Ilusorio vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
17 SCRA 16
Republic Act 1199 is a remedial legislation promulgated pursuant to the social
justice precepts of the Constitution and in the exercise of the police power of the State
to promote the common wealth. It is a statute relating to public subjects within the
domain of the general legislative powers of the State and involving the public rights
and public welfare of the entire community affected by it.
Ibaviosa vs. Tuazon
21 SCRA 1439
In a long line of decisions, this Court has already declared Section 14 of
Republic Act 1199 providing for a change in tenancy relationship constitutional.
Cruz vs. Pangan
11 SCRA 300
The petition of the new tenant for a change in the tenancy system cannot be
defeated by a change in ownership with personal cultivation where the latter change is
tainted with bad faith.
Uichanco vs. Gutierrez
14 SCRA 231
Sec. 14 of Republic Act No. 1199, as amended, giving the tenant the right to
change the tenancy from share to leasehold, is constitutional
Where the parties in 1956 entered into a verbal tenancy relationship and as the
law then existing gave the tenant the right to demand a leasehold arrangement in
exchange for the share tenancy, that right should be deemed included in their contract
of tenancy.
De Ramas vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
11 SCRA 171
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The right granted to a tenant to change the contract from share tenancy to
leasehold cannot be considered unreasonable or oppressive.
Section 14 of Republic Act No. 1199 authorizing tenant to change from share
to leasehold tenancy is constitutional and valid.
Marcelo vs. Matias
25 SCRA 816
The right of the tenant to change the tenancy contract from one share tenancy
to the leasehold tenancy and vice versa and from one crop-sharing arrangement to
another of the share tenancy, as provided in Section 14 of R.A. No. 1199 is a
constitutional right that has been repeatedly upheld by the Supreme Court.
Enriquez vs. Cabangon
18 SCRA 81
The validity and constitutionality of the right of the tenant to change the
tenancy system under Section 14 of the Rice Tenancy Act has already been passed
upon and upheld by the Supreme Court in final decisions (Ramos vs. Court of
Agrarian Relations, L-19555, May 29, 1964; Vda. de Macasaet, vs. Court of Agrarian
Relations, et al., L-19750, July 17, 1964).
Reyes vs. Santos
18 SCRA 28
Section 14 of Agricultural Tenancy Law is constitutional.
Tinio vs. Macapagal
19 SCRA 421
Section 14 of Republic Act No. 1199 is constitutional.
Vda. De Macasaet vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
11 SCRA 521
Section 14 of the Rice Share Tenancy Act, giving the tenant the right to change
the tenancy system from share to leasehold is valid, being a privilege granted to the
tenant under the exercise of the police power of the state in order to remedy an acutesocio-economic problem existing in the country.
CIVIL LAW LEASE
Gabriel vs. Pangilinan
58 SCRA 590
Civil law lease distinguished from agricultural tenancy.There are important
differences between a leasehold tenancy and a civil law lease. The subject matter ofthe leasehold tenancy is limited to agricultural land; that of civil law lease may be
either rural or urban property. As to attention and cultivation, the law required the
leasehold tenant to personally attend to, and cultivate the agricultural land, whereas
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the civil law lessee need not personally cultivate or work the thing leased. As to
purpose, the landholding in leasehold tenancy is devoted to agriculture, while in civil
lease, the purpose may be for any lawful pursuits. As to the law that governs, the civil
law lease is governed by the Civil Code, whereas leasehold tenancy is governed by
special laws.
CLASSIFICATION
Association of Small Landowners in the Philippines, Inc. vs. Secretary of Agrarian
Reform
175 SCRA 347, July 14, 1989
Classification has been defined as the grouping of persons or things similar to
each other in certain particulars and different from each other in these same
particulars.
Quiban vs. Butalid
189 SCRA 106, August 27, 1990
A compromise agreement is not valid and binding when a party in the case has
not signed the same. If any person signs for and in behalf of such party without being
duly authorized to do so, the said agreement is void and has no legal effect.
Quillian vs. Court of Appeals
169 SCRA 280, January 20, 1989
Parties to a contract should abide in good faith with their contractual
commitments.
Salen vs. Dinglasan
198 SCRA 623, June 28, 1991
Contracts solemnly and deliberately entered into may not be overturned by
inconclusive proof or by reason of mistakes of one of the parties to which the other in
no way has contributed.
Torres vs. Ventura
187 SCRA 99, July 21, 1990
Parties are to be placed in status quo which was the condition prevailing prior
to the execution of the void contract.
De Jesus vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
175 SCRA 561, July 24, 1989
Under the law on contracts, vitiated consent does not make a contract
unenforceable but merely voidable.
Magno vs. Blanco
171 SCRA 703, April 10, 1989
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Where the decision of the appellate court did not order the appellant where
anything for or to pay any amount to the appellee, but merely specified the value of
the contract between the parties and defined their rights thereunder, there was nothing
to be executed under such decision, and it was error for the lower court to direct
appellee to ask for execution thereof.
COCONUT LANDS
De los Reyes vs. Espineli
30 SCRA 576
Coconut land is considered agricultural land under both the Agricultural Land
Tenancy Act and the Agricultural Land Reform Code.
Guerrero vs. Court of Appeals142 SCRA 137
An agreement which states that the right and obligations of a person allowed
by the landowner to cultivate and take care of his coconut farm, shall be governed by
R.A. 1199, is not abrogated by the subsequent repeal of said law which does not
include coconut lands, inasmuch as the vested rights of a share tenant to security of
tenure would be adversely affected thereby.
Guerrero vs. Court of Appeals
142 SCRA 138
Mere fact that a person was not the one who seeded the land with coconuts
does not mean that he could not be a tenant thereof.
Robles vs. Batacan
154 SCRA 644
Nature of work performed by the respondents' father is that of a tenant on the
land.
Iglesia ni Cristo vs. Court of Appeals
113 SCRA 521
Share tenants in coconut lands can redeem the same when landowner sells
them.
COMMISSIONERS REPORT
Republic of the Philippines vs. CA, et al.
G.R. No. 139592; October 5, 2000
In the absence of any irregularity in the survey and inspection of the subject
properties, and none is alleged, the report of the commissioners deserves full faith and
credit.
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COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM LAW
Atlas Fertilizer Corp. vs. Secretary, Department of Agrarian Reform
G.R. No. 93100, June 19, 1997274 SCRA 30
Provisions of R.A. No. 7881 expressly state that fishponds and prawn are
excluded from the coverage of CARL.
Development Bank of the Philippines vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 118180, September 20, 1996
262 SCRA 246
The CARL (Rep. Act 6657) was not intended to take away property without
due process of law. Nor is it intended to impair the obligation of contracts. In thesame manner must E.O. 407 be regarded. It was enacted two (2) months after private
respondents had legally fulfilled the condition in the contract of conditional sale by
the payment of all installments on their due dates. These laws cannot have retroactive
effect unless there is an express provision in them to that effect.
Natalia Realty, Inc. vs. Department of Agrarian Reform
G.R. No. 103302, August 12, 1993
225 SCRA 278
Coverage; Section 4 of R.A. No. 6657 provides that the CARL shall "cover
regardless of tenurial arrangement and commodity produced, all public and privateagricultural lands." As to what constitutes "agricultural land"it is referred to as "land
devoted to agricultural activity as defined in this Act and not classified as mineral,
forest, residential, commercial or industrial land."
Central Mindanao University vs. Department of Agrarian Reform Adjudication Board
G.R. No. 100091, October 2, 1992
215 SCRA 86
Private respondents, not being tenants nor proven to be landless peasants,
cannot qualify as beneficiaries under the CARP.
Under Section 73 of R.A. No. 6657, persons guilty of committing prohibited
acts of forcible entry or illegal detainer do not qualify as beneficiaries and may not
avail themselves of the rights and benefits of agrarian reform.
COMPROMISE AGREEMENT
Concepcion vs. Presiding Judge Br. V, CFI of Bulacan
119 SCRA 223-224
A judgment rendered upon a compromise "is in the nature of a contract and is
in effect an admission by the parties that the judgment is a just determination of their
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rights on the facts of the case, had they been proved," and it has upon the parties "the
effect and authority of res judicata."
Jasmin vs. Valera
137 SCRA 214
A compromise agreement entered into in an ejectment case against an
agricultural tenant based on non-payment of rentals, subleasing, and others, is valid
where tenant agree to vacate, in consideration, among others, of condonation of his
unpaid rentals.
Velasquez vs. Magat
158 SCRA 206
Compromise agreement of August 21, 1972 not subject to resolutory term;
occupancy of the land as tenant extinguished as of the end of December 1972. The
end of December marked the end of the relation, not its continuation or resumption.
Algabre vs. Court of Appeals
28 SCRA 1131
The Court of Agrarian Relations decisions on the matter are to the effect that
by virtue of the power granted to it by Section 7 of Republic Act 1267, as amended by
R.A. No. 1409 (creating the CAR), as well as by the Agricultural Tenancy Act of
1954 itself (Sec. 21, Rep. Act No. 1199 as amended by Rep. Act 2263), it had
authority to approve Compromise Agreements although made out of court and
without its intervention, the principal reason for this stand being that "the Court
merely would be achieving the purposes for which it was created to maintain
harmonious relations between the parties and/or prevent future disputes between
them, more effectively."
Jasmin vs. Valera
137 SCRA 213
A court-approved compromise agreement to vacate an agricultural landholding
entered into by the lessee in consideration of condonation of all his back rentals and
his right to all crops harvested for the main crop, is valid and enforceable.
Osmea vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
17 SCRA 828
Even more than a contract (which may be enforced by ordinary action for
specific performance) the compromise agreement is part and parcel of the judgment,
and may therefore, be enforced as such by a writ of execution (Serrano vs. Miave, L-
14678, March 31, 1965).
Vda. De Guilas vs. David
23 SCRA 762-763
Tenancy agreement between the tenant and a third party is not binding upon
the landowner, and subsequently, the latter sued them to surrender the land pursuant
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to a compromise agreement entered into between the tenant and the landowner, the
third party cannot invoke the provision on security of tenure of agricultural tenants.
Gabayan vs. Navarro
124 SCRA 608
Where the parties to an agrarian case decide to execute a compromise
agreement the same is approved without need to resolved the jurisdictional issue
raised.
CONCEPTS OF TENANCY
Tuazon vs. Court of Appeals
118 SCRA 484
Tenancy is not purely factual relationship dependent on what the alleged tenant
does upon the land. it is also a legal relationship. The intent of the parties, the
understanding when the farmer is installed, and as in this case, their written
agreements, provided these are complied with and are not contrary to law, are even
more important.
Gabriel vs. Pangilinan
58 SCRA 591
To fall under the Agricultural Tenancy Act, land must be worked by tenant or
immediate farm household. Persons, therefore, who do not actually work the landcannot be considered tenants and a person who hires others to do work ceases to be a
tenant.
CONCLUSIVE PRESUMPTIONS
Villaflor vs. Reyes
22 SCRA 385
One of the conclusive presumptions prohibits the tenant from denying the titleof his landlord at the time of the commencement of the relation of landlord and tenant
between them.
CONTEMPT OF COURT
Ayog vs. Cusi, Jr.
118 SCRA 494
No contempt of court is committed by a party who plowed the land anddestroyed the standing crops of one of the herein petitioners who is not a party-
defendant in the ejectment case below. Petitioner's remedy is not contempt but a civil
and/or criminal action.
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Del Rosario vs. Chingcuangco
18 SCRA 1151
Where respondent Court's writ of execution had been carried out by placing the
respondent in possession of the land before the writ of preliminary injunction
restraining the implementation of said writ of execution was issued by the appellatecourt, the respondent and the plaintiff may not be held in contempt of court.
CONSUMMATED SALE OF LAND
Padasas vs. Court of Appeals
82 SCRA 251-252
We hold that the sale contemplated under Sec. 12, Rep. Act 3844 must refer to
a consummated sale, not a conditioned sale; it must be a sale that divests the title andownership of the owner over the land and not merely a conditional sale as in the case
at bar where the title and improvements on the land remained with DBP.
CONTRACTS
Villaflor vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 95684, October 9, 1997
280 SCRA 300
Nonpayment, at most, gives him only the right to sue for collection. Generally,
in a contract of sale, payment of the price is a resolutory condition and the remedy of
the seller is to exact fulfillment or, in case of a substantial breach, to rescind the
contract under Article 1191 of the Civil Code.
Payment of realty taxes does not necessarily prove ownership must less
stimulation of said contracts.
Maria Cristina Fertilizer Corp. vs. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 123905, June 9, 1997
273 SCRA 152
An offer must be clear and definite, while an acceptance must be unconditional
and unbounded, in order that their concurrence can give rise to a perfected contract.
CONTRACTS, TENANCY
Domingo vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
4 SCRA 1152
A comparison between the provisions of Section 12 of Agricultural Tenancy
Act (R.A. No. 1199) and those of Act No. 4054 leaves no room for doubt that the
enumeration of the authorized acknowledging officers in section 12 of the prevailing
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statute is a deliberate legislative reform designed to exclude the intervention of
Notaries Public in tenancy contracts that should be made fully effective.
Domingo vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
4 SCRA 1151
Section 11 of Republic Act No. 1199, which provides that written contracts
between landlords and tenants "shall be conclusive evidence of what has been agreed
upon between the contracting parties, if not denounced or impugned within thirty
days after its registration," does not apply to contracts violative of the law itself.
De Borja vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
79 SCRA 557
Under Section 6 of Act No. 4054, in the absence of a specific stipulation on the
duration of a tenancy contract, the same shall be understood to last only during one
agricultural year: said section 6 leaves no room for interpretation.
De Borja vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
79 SCRA 558
Ambiguous provision in a contract is adversely interpreted against the party
responsible therefore.
Novesteras vs. Court of Appeals
149 SCRA 48
The title, label or rubric given to a contract cannot be used to camouflage thereal import of an agreement as evinced by its main provisions. Moreover, it is basic
that a contract is what the law defines it to be.
Teodoro vs. Macaraeg
27 SCRA 7-8
Label of contract cannot be used to camouflage real import of an agreement.
Castro vs. Court of Appeals
99 SCRA 722-723
A person who signed annually for three consecutive years a contract for hired
labor cannot later be heard to claim that he is a tenant.
Castro vs. Court of Appeals
99 SCRA 723
Contracts are respected as the law between the contracting parties.
Evangelista vs. Court of Appeals
158 SCRA 42
The fact that the lease contracts did not stipulate personal cultivation indicates
the intent of the parties to establish only a civil lease relationship.
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Cruz vs. Court of Appeals
129 SCRA 222-223
Where so-called labor contract was not really honored by the parties as
respondent did not receive salaries but a share in the produce or the cash equivalent of
his share in lump, his relationship is one of tenancy and not employment.
Cruz vs. Court of Appeals
129 SCRA 224
The court is aware of the practice of the landowners, by way of evading the
provisions of tenancy laws, to have their tenants sign contracts or agreements
intended to camouflage the real import of their relationship.
Estrada vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
4 SCRA 1232
Crop other than rice is to be divided according to contract, or, in its absence,
custom of the place.
Jacinto vs. Court of Appeals
87 SCRA 264
Fact that tenant did not immediately vacate portion of his landholding does
not make the surrender thereof by means of contract less voluntary.
Santos vs. Vda. De Cerdenola
5 SCRA 823
An implied contract of tenancy is created if a landholder, represented by his
overseer, permits the tilling of the land by another for a period of six years.
Quiroga vs. Parsons Hardware Co.
38 Phil. 501
Label of contract cannot be used to camouflage real import of an agreement.
Ilusorio vs. Court of Agrarian Relations
17 SCRA 26
The prohibition contained in constitutional provisions against impairing the
obligati