OCEANS

CLASS ROOM PRESENTATION

AAPS

MARCH 2009

Ocean Migration

Motives and mechanisms

Jeffrey A. Bennett,Airline Captain (ret.)

Graduate Mech. Eng., Loyola UniversityExperienced in ocean travel

Skin boat (re-created) Bronze Age

Ocean migration is ancient

Horn of Africa

YEMEN

2 ½ miles

FIRST USE OF WATER CRAFT70,000 years ago

Technology was driven by necessity and inventiveness

EARLY MAN WAS INVENTIVE

A lifelike carving replaced a mummy’s missing toe.

ANOTHER INVENTION

Motives for migration that drove technology development

HungerPopulationClimateLack of food TradeWar strife

Goths escaping from Huns by raft

Migration: The answer to survival

Tracking chormozones through time60,00050,00045,00040,00035,000

30,00025,00020,00010,000

MOVEMENTS OF MAN

Sea battle between Egyptians and the Sea People, c 3200 ya

History begins withadvanced boats in use.

Technology, 10,000 ya

Man has used boats fora hundred centuries.

Technology 300 years ago

10,000 years of Innovation,Same goal: Move things on water.

Technology Now

300 more years of Innovation,Same goal: Move things on water.

A PERUVIAN BALSA

THEIR “BOATS” ARE REALLYRAFTS MADE OF REEDS

Ancient designs were efficient,

AN ESKIMO UMIAK

This boat is structurally similar to the bayak but it has no deck.

Ancient designs usedavailable resources well.

A PHOENICIAN BIREME

An oar and sail driven shipthat sailed around Africa

2600 years ago

Ancient ships could travela long way on the ocean.

These drawings

made 4,000 years ago

have been used

to make a boat

that looks like … ?

The ABORA III

A ship that has

sailed against

wind and ocean currents

in theMediterranean

and the onAtlantic!!!

Phoenician merchant trading ship- re-creation

Ancient man could putbontiful resources to good use.

Figian sailing canoe

Asian cultures were very early users of watercraft.

TANIT SHIPWRECK c 2750 ya

Sailors expectations.Keep us fed, keep us well.

Amphora (clay jars) have long been used to transport and store liquid or flowing materials.

The TOMOL

Conclusions` Man has traveled on waterMan has traveled on water for 70,000 years.for 70,000 years.

Evidence: Genetics, artifacts.Evidence: Genetics, artifacts.

Record from before ice age.Record from before ice age.

Many antique ships found recently.Many antique ships found recently.Past developments ‘rediscovered’. Past developments ‘rediscovered’. Good planning = good sea eatingGood planning = good sea eatingFloating uses less energyFloating uses less energy than walking. than walking.Early ocean migration was Early ocean migration was eminently doable.eminently doable.

BIBLIOGRAPHYfor the

OCEANS

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