©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
1803–1818
CHAPTER 10 DEFENDING AND EXPANDING THE
NEW NATION
CREATED EQUAL
JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
“All red men [must] unite in claiming a common and equal right in the land, as it was at first, and should be yet; for it never was divided, but belongs to all, for the use of each.”
Tecumseh
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
TIMELINE1803 British impressment of Americans1804 Jefferson reelected1806 Non-Importation Act1807 Embargo Act1808 James Madison elected President1809 Tecumseh’s confederacy established1812 Madison reelected
West Florida annexedWar declared against England
1813 Battle of the Thames1814 Treaty of Ghent
Battle of Horseshoe Bend1815 Battle of New Orleans1816 James Monroe elected President
Second Bank of the United States chartered
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
DEFENDING AND EXPANDING THE NEW NATION Overview
The British MenaceThe War of 1812The “Era of Good Feelings”?The Rise of the Cotton Plantation
Economy
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
THE BRITISH MENACEThe Embargo of 1807On the Brink of War
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
The Embargo of 1807 In response to continued British seizing of American
ships and impressment of American sailors1807: Chesapeake off of Virginia Coast
Jefferson’s goal with the embargo was to force England to respect American independence
Unanticipated results were the promotion of industrialization in U.S.States relied on locally produced items
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
On the Brink of War1809: James Madison PresidentNon-Intercourse Act eases ban on European goods1810: Macon’s Bill No. 2 positions America between
France and EnglandProphet Town and Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa, Shawnee
IndiansIn 1808 they establish Prophet Town, but in 1811 William
Harrison attacks it and burns it to the ground. Better guns helped the whites in their victory.
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
THE WAR OF 1812Pushing NorthFighting on Many FrontsAn Uncertain Victory
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
The War of 1812
June 1, 1812: President Madison sends England American grievancesBritish Navy’s seizure of AmericansBlockade of American goodsIndian conflicts supported by British
June 18, 1812: Congress votes to declare war on England
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Pushing North A 3-pronged attack on Canada
Niagara, Detroit, Lake Champlain 1812: British align with Indians (Tecumseh)
Detroit and Fort Dearborn September, 1813: Perry victory at Lake Erie October, 1813: Harrison victory at Battle of the Thames
(Ontario) 1814: English defeat Napolean freeing up troops for war in
U.S.
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Fighting on Many FrontsMarch, 1814: Horseshoe Bend defeat of Red Tips and
the resulting Treaty gives U.S. 23 million acres of Creek land
August 24, 1814: the battle of Bladensburg, MD and the burning of the Capitol and White House by the British
Battle in Baltimore and the “Star Spangled Banner” by Key
January, 1815: The Battle of New Orleans, an overwhelming victory for Jackson
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
An Uncertain VictoryFall of 1814 (before the Battle at New
Orleans) Madison pursued a peace settlement
The Treaty of GhentNo new territory for either side, no
concessions from Britain, a draw
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
THE “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”?
Praise and Respect for Veterans After the War
A Thriving EconomyTransformations in the Workplace
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Praise and Respect for Veterans After the War
Veterans awarded a grant of 160-acre plot between Illinois and Mississippi rivers
Military heroes into political leadersJackson, Harrison, Scott
Indian veterans such as Major Ridge accorded American respectRidge advocated for Native Americans to retain
Native American lands
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
A Thriving EconomyHome manufacturingInternal migration: Going WestNew means of transportation
Stagecoaches, wagons, boats, horseback1807: Fulton and the steamboat1810: Building of roads; Cumberland Road
Business in West, the embargo, war stimulated manufacturing growth throughout the U.S.
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Transformations in the Workplace
Production work reorganized and crafts now done by unskilled workers and overseen by supervisor
New England: mechanized textile production
Rhode Island: Lowell modelThe South: textile mills
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
THE RISE OF THE COTTON PLANTATION ECONOMY
Regional Economies of the SouthBlack Family Life and LaborResistance to Slavery
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Regional Economies of the South
Shifts in production methods and the depleted tobacco-growing soil lead to more crafts production, cultivation of wheat and corn
South Carolina: Technical advances in rice production and cotton cultivation
Louisiana Territory: Cotton and New Orleans sugar
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Black Family Life and Labor Increasing birth rate and strong family ties among the slaves Newcomers adopted as relations Large plantations had more 2-parent families than the smaller
farms The task system (rice plantations) and the gang system (cotton
plantations) Forms of labor:
Work under white supervision Private work including tending gardens, working on living quarters Sale or clandestine exchanges of goods
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Resistance to SlaveryRetaining African cultural traditions
Artistic, dress, language
Intentional careless workTheft of masters goodsRunning awayRevolt
1811: St. Charles and St. John the Baptist parishes in Louisiana. (Charles Deslondes)