Comparative Views on Choice in Districts and States
International Academic Conference on School Choice and Education Reform
January 19, 2013Ft. Lauderdale, FL
Paul DiPernaFriedman Foundation for Educational Choice
2013 ABCs of School Choice
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
About the Friedman Foundation• Established in 1996• Headquarters in Indianapolis, IN• 501(c)(3) / Nonpartisan / Nonprofit• What do we do?
Working with local and state partners,
we are committed to research, education, and outreach on the vital issues and implications
related to choice and competition in K-12 education.
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
1. Definitions2. National Overview3. Program Indicators4. Takeaways5. On the horizon…
Selected Profiles/Trends
edchoice.org
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
18 voucher programs• 12 states and D.C.• 104,000 students (est.)
14 tax-credit scholarship programs• 11 states• 151,000 students (est.)
1 education savings accounts program
• Arizona• 362 students (2013)
6 individual tax credit/deduction programs
• 6 states• 847,000 taxpayers (est.)
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
2003States with Vouchers & Tax-Credit Scholarships
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
2013States with Vouchers & Tax-Credit Scholarships
edchoice.org
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
Where are the newest programs?(enacted in 2011 or 2012)
• Arizona*• Douglas County, CO* • Indiana (2)• Louisiana (2)*• New Hampshire• North Carolina • Ohio • Oklahoma• Pennsylvania• Virginia• Racine, WI
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
Student Eligibility (% eligible of all K-12 students in jurisdiction)
TopAZ personal tax-credit scholarships (100%)GA tax-credit scholarships (100%)Cleveland, OH, vouchers (100%)OK tax-credit scholarships (88%)AZ corporate tax-credit scholarships (78%)
Douglas County, CO, vouchers (89%)*
BottomME town tuitioning vouchers (7%)VT town tuitioning vouchers (6%)OH EdChoice vouchers (5%)MS Dyslexia vouchers (4%)OH Autism vouchers (< 1%)
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
Estimated Participation Rates(% participation of eligible students)
TopMilwaukee, WI, vouchers (42%)OH EdChoice vouchers (20%)OH Autism vouchers (15%)Cleveland, OH, vouchers (12%)FL McKay special needs vouchers (7%)FL tax-credit scholarships (7%)
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
Estimated Participation Rates(% participation of eligible students)
Bottom (all serving < 2%)AZ corporate tax-credit scholarships AZ ESAs*AZ Lexie's Law tax-credit scholarshipsGA tax-credit scholarships IN tax-credit scholarships*LA special needs vouchers*LA vouchers* MS special needs vouchers*OH Jon Peterson special needs vouchers*OK special needs vouchers*RI tax-credit scholarshipsUT Carson Smith special needs vouchers
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
Student Funding(considering the average voucher/scholarship value as percentage of state’s total per-student spending)
TopVT town tuitioning vouchers, $13,958 (87%)ME town tuitioning vouchers, $8,798 (71%)Milwaukee, WI, vouchers, $6,442 (56%)Racine, WI, vouchers, $6,442 (56%)LA vouchers, $5,300 (50%)
BottomAZ personal tax-credit scholarships, $1,861 (23%)RI tax-credit scholarships, $2,727 (19%)IA tax-credit scholarships, $1,031 (11%)IN tax-credit scholarships, $880 (9%)PA tax-credit scholarships, $990 (8%)
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
Rules & Regulations (out of 18 voucher programs)
• 5 limited to low- and middle-income students
• 8 limited to special needs students
• 10 require “prior-year public school”
• 10 require standardized testing (details vary)
• 2 based on public school accountability (OH, LA)
• 2 have statutory budget caps
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
Rules & Regulations (out of 14 tax-credit scholarship programs)
• 11 limited to low- and middle-income students
• 1 limited to special needs students
• 5 require “prior-year public school”
• 5 require standardized testing (details vary)
• 1 based on public school accountability (PA)
• 12 have statutory budget caps (4 “escalators”)
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
Takeaways (caution… we’re working with small N’s)
• Vouchers perform better wrt participation rates and average levels of student funding. (~ implementation)
• Tax-credit scholarships have larger relative proportions of eligible children to serve.
• So far, both voucher and tax-credit scholarship programs are designed to serve and/or prioritize disadvantaged populations of students (x stratification concerns).
• Voucher programs more likely to require some form of standardized testing.
• Voucher programs more likely to require priory-year public school enrollment.
• Tax-credit scholarship programs more likely to have hard budget caps specified in law, thus making less responsive to demand, and subsequently supply-side issues.
edchoice.orgThe Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
On the horizon…
• State Supreme Court decisions in IN, CO, AZ, LA• Period of solidifying legislative gains (2013, 2014)• Legislative action toward expansions in IA, IN• Legislative action toward new programs in: TN, MS, TX, ME, NC, AR, AK• Increasingly complex policy design a challenge for
forecasting performance and unintended consequences.
Thank You
Questions, Comments, or Suggestions?
Contact: Paul DiPerna, [email protected]
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
voucher
participation trends
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
tax-credit scholarship
participation trends
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
individual tax credit
participation trends
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org
The Friedman Foundation For Educational Choice | edchoice.org