ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Tom De Nies Ghent University – iMinds – MMLab
http://users.ugent.be/~tdenies
@TomDeNies
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web
Presentation at METHOD 2013
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
prefix ex: <http://example.org>
entity(ex:Tom, [prov:type=“prov:Person”])
entity(ex:Tom_in_Belgium) specializationOf(ex:Tom_in_Belgium, ex:Tom)
entity(ex:Tom_in_Japan) specializationOf(ex:Tom_in_Japan, ex:Tom)
wasDerivedFrom(ex:Tom_in_Japan, ex:Tom_in_Belgium, ex:travel, -, -)
activity(ex:travel)
activity(ex:departure) activity(ex:arrival)
wasStartedBy(ex:travel, -, ex:departure, 2013-07-21T15:00:00+02:00)
wasEndedBy(ex:travel, -, ex:arrival, 2013-07-22T20:00:00+09:00)
activity(ex:presentation)
wasAssociatedWith(ex:presentation, ex:Tom_in_Japan)
The provenance of today’s talk
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
prefix ex: <http://example.org>
entity(ex:Tom, [prov:type=“prov:Person”])
entity(ex:Tom_in_Belgium) specializationOf(ex:Tom_in_Belgium, ex:Tom)
entity(ex:Tom_in_Japan) specializationOf(ex:Tom_in_Japan, ex:Tom)
wasDerivedFrom(ex:Tom_in_Japan, ex:Tom_in_Belgium, ex:travel, -, -)
activity(ex:travel)
activity(ex:departure) activity(ex:arrival)
wasStartedBy(ex:travel, -, ex:departure, 2013-07-21T15:00:00+02:00)
wasEndedBy(ex:travel, -, ex:arrival, 2013-07-22T20:00:00+09:00)
activity(ex:presentation)
wasAssociatedWith(ex:presentation, ex:Tom_in_Japan)
The provenance of today’s talk
Possible distrust
event due to jetlag!
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
With this provenance, the trust assessment score of this talk would be less then ideal
However, that’s why it’s a trust assessment, not a certainty.
Trust me ;-)
Disclaimer
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Introduction to provenance
Lessons learned from literature
Provenance-based trust assessment
Use case: the “Oh, Yeah?”-button
Overview
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Definition:
“Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people
involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used to form assessments about its
quality, reliability or trustworthiness. ”
Introduction to provenance
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
The new PROV family of specifications
4 W3C Recommendations:
PROV-DM: Data Model
PROV-Constraints: Constraints for valid PROV
PROV-N: human-readable notation
PROV-O: machine-readable notation
+ 8 Notes
www.w3.org/TR/prov-overview
Standardized provenance
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Introduction to provenance
Lessons learned from literature
Provenance-based trust assessment
Use case: the “Oh, Yeah?”-button
Overview
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Reputation, reputation, reputation…
Collaborative
Personalized [1]
Lessons learned from literature
[1] J. Golbeck and A. Mannes, “Using trust and provenance for content filtering on the semantic web,” in Proceedings of the Models of Trust for the Web Workshop, 2006.
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
… but not only reputation!
The provenance matters.
Use a combination of both [2,3]
Lessons learned from literature
[2] D. Ceolin, P. Groth, W. R. van Hage, A. Nottamkandath, and W. Fokkink, “Trust evaluation through user reputation and provenance analysis,” in 8th International Workshop on Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web, 2012, p. 15. [3] H.-S. Lim, Y.-S. Moon, and E. Bertino, “Provenancebased trustworthiness assessment in sensor networks,” in Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Data Management for Sensor Networks. ACM, 2010, pp. 2–7.
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Humans don’t assign trust scores,
they identify distrust events [4].
Lessons learned from literature
[4] X. Li, T. Lebo, and D. L. McGuinness, “Provenance based strategies to develop trust in semantic web applications,” in Provenance and Annotation of Data and Processes. Springer, 2010, pp. 182–197.
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Currently, there is no system
that only uses provenance
to make trust assessments. (to the best of our knowledge)
Lessons learned from literature
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Introduction to provenance
Lessons learned from literature
Provenance-based trust assessment
Use case: the “Oh, Yeah?”-button
Overview
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
We define 6 criteria:
1. Availability
2. Validity
3. Provenance of provenance
4. Consistency
5. Correctness
6. Reputation
Provenance-based Trust Assessment
Human-understandable Conclusions
vs.
Machine-understandable
Trust score
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
PROV-AQ: Access and Query
3 options:
Accessing Provenance on the Web
1. HTTP Link header Link: <provenance-URI>; rel= "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#has_provenance"; anchor="target-URI", <provenance-service-URI>; rel= "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#has_query_service"; anchor="target-URI"
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
PROV-AQ: Access and Query
3 options:
Accessing Provenance on the Web
2. HTML <link> element <html> <head> <link href="provenance-URI" rel= "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#has_provenance"> <link href="target-URI" rel= "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#has_anchor"> <link href="provenance-service-URI" rel= "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#has_query_service"> </head> <body> ... </body> </html>
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
PROV-AQ: Access and Query
3 options:
Accessing Provenance on the Web
3. RDF @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>. <resource-URI> prov:has_provenance <provenance-URI>; prov:has_anchor <target-URI>; prov:has_query_service <provenance-service-URI>;
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Based on PROV-Constraints
http://provenance.ecs.soton.ac. uk/validator/validation/submit
validate : 'Validate'
url : <provenance-URI>
file : <file upload>
statements : <the provenance statements>
Provenance Validation
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Trust cannot be directly derived from validation …
… but it does indicate that the author made an effort!
Provenance Validation
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Coarse-grained: use prov:bundle
A bundle is also an entity, so it’s’provenance can be described!
Fine-grained: use annotations
e.g., “Uncertainty Provenance (UP)” [5] http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/up up:assertionConfidence up:assertionType
(e.g., up:HumanAsserted, up:MachineGenerated, …)
[5] De Nies, Tom, et al. "Modeling uncertain provenance and provenance of uncertainty in W3C PROV." WWW2013, 2013.
Provenance of Provenance
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Does the provenance correspond to alternative sources?
Normalization/Equivalence [PROV-Constraints]
Provenance Consistency
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Does the provenance correspond to the content?
Feature extraction/comparison
Semantic similarity
Provenance Correctness
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Reputation of provenance source
Reputation of agents, entities
Feed domains to reputation service, e.g., Web of Trust http://mywot.com
Provenance Reputation
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Introduction to provenance
Lessons learned from literature
Trust assessment
Accessing & validating provenance
Use case: the “Oh, Yeah?”-button
Overview
25
ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Tim Berners-Lee (1997)
“Each browser should have a button labeled ‘Oh, Yeah?’,
that you press when you lose that feeling of trust.”
Use Case: the “Oh, Yeah?”-button
Distrust events!
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
27
ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Currently:
We support 4 out of the 6 criteria:
1. Availability
2. Validity
3. Provenance of provenance
4. Consistency
5. Correctness
6. Reputation
“Oh, Yeah?” Trust Assessment
Future Work
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
“Oh, Yeah?” Visualisation
Discussion: • Still too detailed for novice users!
Future Work: • Adjustable level of detail • Support all 6 criteria • Identify distrust events beforehand • Objective evaluation
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
prefix ex: <http://example.org>
entity(ex:Tom, [prov:type=“prov:Person”])
entity(ex:Tom_in_Belgium) specializationOf(ex:Tom_in_Belgium, ex:Tom)
entity(ex:Tom_in_Japan) specializationOf(ex:Tom_in_Japan, ex:Tom)
wasDerivedFrom(ex:Tom_in_Japan, ex:Tom_in_Belgium, ex:travel, -, -)
activity(ex:travel)
activity(ex:departure) activity(ex:arrival)
wasStartedBy(ex:travel, -, ex:departure, 2013-07-21T15:00:00+02:00)
wasEndedBy(ex:travel, -, ex:arrival, 2013-07-22T20:00:00+09:00)
activity(ex:presentation)
wasAssociatedWith(ex:presentation, ex:Tom_in_Japan)
So where does that leave today’s talk?
Certified by His Royal Highness King Filip of Belgium! (who was crowned yesterday)
Provenance and reputation: a good recipe for trust!
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ELIS – Multimedia Lab
Easy Access to Provenance: an Essential Step Towards Trust on the Web Tom De Nies (iMinds-MMLab)
22/07/2013
Available in Chrome Web Store!
http://users.ugent.be/~tdenies
@TomDeNies Co-authors:
• Coppens, S., Verborgh, R., Vander Sande, M., Mannens, E., Van de Walle, R. (Ghent University – iMinds – MMLab)
• Michaelides, D., and Moreau, L. (University of Southampton)
Thank you for your attention!
Oh ? yeah