Northern Illinois University
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Training Program on
“Technology, Leadership and
American Culture”
For Undergraduate Students of
Mechanical Engineering in
Zhejiang University of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering &
International Training Office
Division of International Affairs
Northern Illinois University
DeKalb, Illinois, U.S.A.
July 27 – August 16, 2014
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A Training Manual on “Technology, Leadership and American Culture” For Undergraduate
Students of Mechanical Engineering in Zhejiang University of Technology.
This is an open access publication. Individual authors retain ownership of the copyright for their
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2014 Northern Illinois University
Department of Mechanical Engineering and International Training Office
DeKalb, Illinois, U.S.A.
Internet: http://www.niu.edu/me/ and http://www.niu.edu/ito/aboutus/index.shtml
Disclaimer: All ideas expressed here belong to the individual authors. The findings,
interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of
the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the International Training Office. Content, style,
editing, and proofreading were the responsibility of each author or group of authors. All errors
and omissions are those of the contributors.
Index
•Advanced Machining Processes •Advancements of Materials •Caterpillar •Chicago •Cultural
Orientation •Eiger Laboratory •English Language •Fermi National Laboratory •Freedom Field
Energy •Laser-Aided Manufacturing Processes •Leadership •Leadership Camp •Madison,
Wisconsin •Micro-Manufacturing •Museum of Science and Industry •Robotics •Solar Farm •U.S.
Culture •U.S. Geography •Vibrations •Wanxiang Plant
Production Credits
Printer: Northern Illinois University
Printed in the United States of America
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CREDITS
NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY FACULTY AND STAFF
Vice President for International Affairs Dr. Ray Alden
Associate Vice President for International Affairs Dr. Deborah Pierce
College of Engineering & Engineering Technology (CEET) Dean Dr. Promod Vohra
Department of Mechanical Engineering Chair Dr. Pradip Majumdar
Mechanical Engineering Associate Professor & Project Director Dr. Jenn-Terng Gau
International Training Office Director Dr. Lina Ong
International Training Office Program Coordinator Leslie Shive
International Training Office Training Coordinator Dr. Rey Ty
International Training Office Training Specialist Dr. Srie Ramli
International Training Office Program Assistant Jon Honstadt
International Training Office Graduate Assistant Sai Sindhu Matam
International Training Office Graduate Assistant Yangbing Lu
Department of Mechanical Engineering Office Manager Beatrice Kooken
FACULTY NOTES (IN ORDER OF APPEARANCE)
Intercultural Orientation; U.S. and Chicago Geography Dr. Rey Ty
Advanced Machining Processes Dr. Matt Gonser
Robotics Dr. Ji-Chul Ryu
Vibrations Dr. Abhijit Gupta
Laser-Aided Manufacturing Processes Dr. Federico Sciammarella
Leadership Dr. Rey Ty
Advancements of Materials; Micro-Manufacturing Dr. Jenn-Terng Gau
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CREDITS ........................................................................................................................................ 3 NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY FACULTY AND STAFF .......................................... 4
FACULTY NOTES (IN ORDER OF APPEARANCE) ............................................................ 4 CATERPILLAR SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR AURORA FACILITY PLANT TOURS ........... 6 HOT-CLIMATE AND COLD-CLIMATE PEOPLE ..................................................................... 7 INTERCULTURAL ORIENTATION & INTRODUCING U.S. CULTURES ........................... 10
MACHINING PROCESSES ........................................................................................................ 23 ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING ............................................................................................... 37 INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS ............................................................................................. 51
HUMANOID ROBOTS................................................................................................................ 55 WHAT KINDS OF ROBOTS IN SKY? ...................................................................................... 59
CONTROL OF MULTIPLE ROBOTS ........................................................................................ 63 MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS ................................................................................................... 66 LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING ........................................................................................ 74
LEADERSHIP .............................................................................................................................. 89 LEADERSHIP WORKSHOP ....................................................................................................... 90
AN INTRODUCTION OF MICROMANUFACTURING: MICROFORMING......................... 94
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Caterpillar Form No. 01-080505-06 PC (2402) MS Word 97
CATERPILLAR SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR AURORA FACILITY
PLANT TOURS
Dress and Personal Items
Visitors must be at least 12 years old to tour our facilities.
OSHA approved Safety glasses with side shields will be provided and must be worn at all times.
These will fit over your prescription glasses. Sunglasses are not allowed.
Steel Toe Shoes are required. Shoe covers will be provided to those without steel toes. Feet must
be completely covered (No Sandals, No open toes or heels). Heels should not exceed 16 mm in
thickness. Spike heels are prohibited to enter the shop.
Cameras are prohibited inside the factory.
Long Pants required (Shorts are prohibited inside the factory).
Cells phones are requested to be turned to vibrate mode or off during the visit.
Rings and dangling jewelry are to be removed to enter the factory.
Caterpillar Aurora is a smoke free campus. Smoking is not allowed anywhere on plant site.
Caterpillar staff will provide emergency procedures instructions upon arrival.
No cameras are allowed in the factory.
Special Needs
Visitors with walking casts, orthopedic devices, and crutches must notify Caterpillar and make
special arrangements for safe transportation within our facilities. Carts or wheelchairs can be
provided
Standard Wheelchairs are allowed as long as prior communication is sent to Caterpillar preceding
the visitor tour. A Caterpillar representative must assist in guiding the chair. Powered wheel
chairs are not permitted in the plants.
Canes are allowed within our facilities and visitors using them need not make special
arrangements as above unless their walking ability is severely limited by distance.
For Security reasons, name badges must be worn at all times while visiting our facilities.
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HOT-CLIMATE AND COLD-CLIMATE PEOPLE
Dr. Ty, Rey 郑文华 博士
According to Lanier (2000), there is a distinction between intercultural relationship and cross-
cultural relationship. Intercultural relationship is the relationship between and among people with
different cultural practices which are totally alien to one another, while cross-cultural
relationship is the relationship among people with cultural practices which are similar or the
same. Based on Lanier’s typology, the Philippines belongs to the hot-climate region of the world
and the U.S. to the cold-climate region. However, Southern U.S. is a hot-climate region “of its
own kind,” with its “southern brand of hospitality.” Although this essay presents intercultural
hot-versus-cold caricatures, there are in fact cross-cultural similarities between the hot and cold
climate cultures. Also, there are hot and cold climate regions, say, within the generally cold-
climate country, such as the cold-climate northern and hot-climate southern states of the U.S.
This essay is based on the book Sarah A. Lanier (2000) wrote titled Foreign to Familiar: A
Guide to Understanding Hot and Cold-Climate Cultures. There are seven distinctions between
hot- and cold-climate cultures. They are the following. (1) relationship versus task orientation;(2)
direct versus indirect communication; (3) individualism versus group identity; (4) inclusion
versus privacy; (5) different concepts of hospitality; (6) high-context versus low-context
cultures; and, (7) different concepts of time and planning.
Hot-Climate People versus Cold-Climate People
Hot-climate cultures are relationship-based. Communications need to build up a “feel-good”
atmosphere in society, although this may not be the case for individuals. Human beings take
precedence over efficiency and time. Furthermore, it is rude to “talk business” immediately upon
arrival at a business meeting or to make a business phone call upon arrival at the same meeting.
On the other hand, cold-climate cultures are task-oriented. Communications need to furnish
accurate and precise information. The society is logic-oriented, although individuals maybe
otherwise. Efficiency and time are high priorities and taking them seriously shows respect for
others. In hot-climate cultures, communications are indirect, as a show of respect. Questions are
raised indirectly so as not to offend others. Usually, one needs to talk to a third party in order to
get a direct answer, because it is considered impolite to provide some direct answers. For
instance, one is considered boastful to say how skilled one is, how rich one is, how experience
done is. A yes may mean yes, no, maybe or I don’t know, as it is impolite to disagree with whom
one converses. One is rude if one embarrasses other people. On the other hand, in cold-climate
cultures, communications are direct. One is respectful if one asks short, direct questions, as
everyone else is busy and has no time to beat around the bush. A yes is a yes. People do not
hesitate to say no and it is not offensive to say no. One offers a direct answer as factual
information and it is proper to do so. One can nicely give both positive and negative critique and
it is not taken personally. Hot-climate cultures are group-oriented. One person’s identity is tied to
the group identity, such as the family, clan, village, or ethnicity. Usually, the leaders and elders
take the initiative, not the younger members of the community. In regular and difficult times, the
group supports the individual, as the individual is an integral part of the whole community. A
person must behave properly, because one’s fault or mistake is considered the group’s fault and
shame. Cold-climate cultures, on the other hand, are individualistic. Each person has an
individual identity which must be respected. Everyone is expected to have an opinion, to take
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initiative, and to decide for oneself. One’s behavior reflects oneself and nobody else. In hot-
climate cultures, everything belongs to everyone. For instance, food, things, and conversations
belong to everyone. Keeping things private and not including others in our meals, activities or
discussions are rude. In cold-climate cultures, privacy and private property are sacred. We are
doing alright to arrange for private moments, private space, private conversations, and private
appointments, which other people must respect. Not respecting one’s privacy is rude.
Misunderstandings may arise due to different perceptions, including hospitality. Hot-climate
people freely give hospitality 24/7 to anyone, anytime, anywhere, including doing business,
meeting strangers, and exchanging gifts. Cold-climate people, however, also give hospitality, but
are planned, announced, and of limited duration. When a cold-climate person invites someone to
dinner, each person is expected to pay one’s own meal, except if the host announces ahead of
time that s/he will pay. Hot-climate people are from high-context societies where everything
matters. For instances, one’s personal background and personal connections are important.
People ask you who your parents are, who your relatives are, with whom you work, and the like.
One is expected to behave politely, dress properly, respect the rules, and follow protocols strictly.
But cold-climate people are from low-context societies. It means just “be yourself,” as long as
you act appropriately. What are important are not your personal or professional connections, but
your personal knowledge and skills. One is casual and dresses informally in general.
Critique of the Dangers of the False Dichotomy
For beginners, the categorization of people into cold-climate and hot-climate people sounds good.
However, there are many problems in this scheme of things. One, these binary caricatures are
extremes. A novice who does not know the nuances in people’s cultures around the world—
especially one who has not traveled abroad—could easily make arguments that border on
stereotyping. Two, not all people in cold-climate countries have the same culture. The same
argument goes for people in hot-climate countries. For instance, putting aside Islamic practices, a
Muslim Egyptian, a Muslim Iranian, a Muslim Kazakh, a Muslim Hui from China, a Muslim
Azeri, and a Muslim Indonesian do not have the same cultural practices. Three, are cultural
differences really critically based on the temperatures of one’s country? I really doubt it. The
more important variables are the type and level of economic development. People in post-
industrial societies tend to care about the environment and the world in general. People in
advanced capitalist countries tend to have individualistic cultures. People in backward and feudal
economies tend to have more collectivistic cultures, due to poverty and the need for community
and collective support and assistance. Four, people within a country can also have different
cultures due to their economic and ideological differences. While rich people in general can have
different cultures from the poor, a peasant, for example, can be collectivist, another peasant can
be individualistic; a free-market business entrepreneur can be individualistic, yet another social-
democratic businessperson can be collectivistic. The rich people of today in hot-climate
countries prefer privacy to communitarian living: many of the children of rich families in the
hot-climate countries have their own rooms furnished with all the latest technological amenities,
each one with one’s own private bathroom, television set, sound system, computer, and
electronic games. Thus, the temperature of one’s country of origin is not the key variable in
explaining one’s culture. The list of criticism of Lanier’s framework can go on and on. The
readers are warned to be critical of gross generalizations, name calling, and stereotyping. I
challenge the readers to come up with their own framework on how to view similarities and
differences among people of different cultures.
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Cultural Types
People can react to another culture in one of three ways. Cultural ethno-centrists are those who
reject anything foreign and insist that the only way to do things is how it is done in their home
country. They will definitely have a bad time abroad. Cultural romantics are those who accept
everything foreign to the extent of rejecting everything that comes from their country of origin.
These persons will enjoy traveling and living abroad but will reject and criticize everything that
comes from their country of birth. Both cultural ethno-centrists and cultural romantics are
extremes and do not have a balanced view of different cultures. They praise one culture and
criticize the other cultures. Lastly, cultural cosmopolitans are those who both love their own
cultures as well as the cultures of others, including especially the culture of the country to which
they travel. However, unlike the cultural ethno-centrists, cultural cosmopolitans find fault with
their own culture but embrace their own culture with all its strengths and recognize its
weaknesses as well. Unlike the cultural romantics, cultural cosmopolitans do not only enjoy
foreign cultures but also recognize the demerits of foreign cultures. Thus, cultural cosmopolitans
(1) neither hate or romanticize their own cultures nor (2) hate or romanticize the cultures of
others. Taking into account the strong points and limitations of each culture, they are
comfortable accepting their own culture as their foundation, but learn to adapt to the cultures of
others.
Reference:
Lanier, A. A. (2000). Foreign to familiar: A guide to understanding hot and cold-climate
cultures. Hagerstown, MD: McDougal Publishing.
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INTERCULTURAL ORIENTATION & INTRODUCING U.S. CULTURES Dr. Rey Ty, 郑文华 博士
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MACHINING PROCESSES Dr. Matthew Gonser
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ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Dr. Matthew Gonser
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INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS Dr. Ji-Chul Ryu
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HUMANOID ROBOTS Dr. Ji-Chul Ryu
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WHAT KINDS OF ROBOTS IN SKY?
Dr. Ji-Chul Ryu
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CONTROL OF MULTIPLE ROBOTS Dr. Ji-Chul Ryu
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MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS Dr. Abhijit Gupta
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LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING
Dr. F.M. Sciammarella
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LEADERSHIP
Dr. Rey Ty, 郑文华 博士
Reference: Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice, 6th
ed. London: Sage
Publications, Inc.
I. Introduction
A. Definition
1. Ways of Conceptualizing Leadership
2. Definition and Components
B. Description
1. Trait vs. Process
2. Assigned vs. Emergent
3. Leadership vs. Power
4. Leadership and Coercion
5. Leadership and Management
II. Trait Approach: Intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, sociability,
five-factor personality model, emotional intelligence
III. Skills Approach
IV. Style Approach
V. Situational Approach
VI. Contingency Theory
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VII. Path-Goal Theory
VIII. Leader-Member Exchange Theory
IX. Transformational Leadership
X. Servant Leadership
XI. Authentic Leadership
XII. Team Leadership
XIII. Psychodynamic Approach
XIV. Women and Leadership
XV. Culture and Leadership
XVI. Leadership Ethics
LEADERSHIP WORKSHOP
Dr. Rey Ty, 郑文华 博士
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AN INTRODUCTION OF MICROMANUFACTURING: MICROFORMING Dr. Jenn-Terng Gau
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