24035723
16
TH J
AN
UA
RY
2015.
I n d u s t r i a l C o n s e r v a t I o n A r e a
K E L H A M I S L A N D
L I T T L E K E L H A M
TUTOR: ANNA HAWKINS
A v i b r a n t H e a r t o f K e l h a m
AN ANALYSIS OF AN HISTORIC SITE DESIGN
WITHIN A CONTEMPORARY REGENERATION
AREA
Izu Cyprian Ozoh
M.Sc. Technical Architecture
1. INTROUDUCTION TO SITE …………………………………………….……Pg. 1
2. URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS ……………………………………………..……... 2
3. URBAN DSIGN ANALYSIS – OPPURTUNITIES ………………………….…. 3
4. URBAN DSIGN ANALYSIS – THREATS AND WEAKNESSES ………………4
5. URBAN ANALYSIS – THE CONTEXT…………………………………………….…5-6
6. URBAN DESIGN CONTEXT OF SITE…………………………………………..……. 7
7. NEW DESIGN IN HISTORIC SITE …………………………………………….….…. 8
8. RECOMMENDATION FOR SITE DSIGN ……………………………………….….. 9
9. HERITGAE AND POLICY CONTEXT …………………………………………..….. 10
10. CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………….… 11
11. REFERENCE ………………………………………….………..… ………………….12
12. APPENDICES …………………HISTORIC MAPS OF STUDY AREA.
CONTENTS
BIRTH OF SHEFFIELD INDUSTRY
Following a visit to the site, relevant web-materials and articles were achieved. A coherent approach to analysing the SWOT and
relevant conservation policies applicable to the site alongside an interpretation of this Legislation will be ascertained using two (2)
themes:
Urban Design and Context and
Incorporation of new build within an historic context.
Additionally, the influence of academic theory about adaptation, re-use and regeneration, on this historic site. Lastly, a
Consideration on current theory and best practice guidelines on the introduction of improvement and an evaluation of the extent
to which professional disciplines of Architecture, planning, architectural technology and landscape Architecture influenced the
success of the chosen site.
Designing a scheme that successfully seamlessly knits existing context and new
development depends on intelligent response to local settings. This Study aims to
analyse the design of historic site within a contemporary Regeneration area In Sheffield
city Centre. The Case study Area is the Little Kelham- Green lane in Kelham Island.
LOCATION & SETTING
The conservation area is 2km north of the City Centre, approximately 750mters long and
created by a man made goit. This plays a vital role in the historic development of
Sheffield.
The Area is located within an environment Agency defined flood Zone (Neepsend
Action plan 5.2.6).
First metal trades associated conservation area designated in Sheffield, associated with
metal working and metal production.
Main streets are Mowbray Street, Green Lane and Alma St.
Designated (May 1985) to preserve its industrial character and heritage.
I N T R O D U C T I O N
Kelham Island is one of Sheffield’s eleven (11) designated city centre quarters
(section 4.2 UDC) Once a 19th century industrial area. Contributing to the
development of Sheffield commercial and architectural character directly influenced
by its association with prosperous steel, cutlery and silverware industries.
Little Kelham lies in the metropolitan Borough of Kelham (Green Lane S3 8RY)– a residential led mixed-use project by CITU
consist 153 new homes on a 3.8Acres of industrial brownfield site. 107of which will be constructed to passiveHaus standard as
well as the regeneration of 18th century Victoria buildings – Eagle works and grade II* listed Green lane works. – CITU 2014.
1
Kelham Island
Google Map – 2014.
Little Kelham
Eleven (11) City Centre Quarters
(Google Maps 2014).
Sheffield City Centre
(Google Maps 2014).
Conservation Area
Little Kelham –
Green Lane.
Kelham Island Conservation Area Boundary
(Sheffield city council, 2014).
Sheffield City Council- 2014.
A distinct region of an urban area which an observer is
informed of through mental images that is captured
from the appearance of the place.
E.g. Industrial workshops: Mowbray St and Neepsend
Lane
E.g. Tourism – Kelham island Museum in proximity to the
Kelham Island Brewery shop and fat Cat Pub.
URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS According to Kevin Lynch (1960), the physical elements of an urban environment are the basics that build public
images in the users mind. The combinations of these elements are vital because they are influential in forming
mental perceptions of a place experienced by the users.
These elements (Landmarks, edge, Nodes, Paths and Districts) and theories alongside Gordon Cullen (Views,
vistas, serial vision) are used to evaluate its character.
DISTRICTS
NODES
E D G E S
2
Haphazard development and irregularity of
street pattern surviving from preindustrial
period.(Poor signage)
Ginnels and gridded paths creating a sense
of Enclosure instead of continuity. Street runs
parallel to River Don.
Active frontage along paths. Providing sense
of place. E.g. Alma st.
Narrow Cornish St.
LANDMARK Physical reference and focal points for observer
which gives identity or the heart of a place.
E.g. The chimney, Clock tower at Green Lane,
Upper Don River and Kelham Island.
N
PATHS
Major gateways, paths and
junctions that serve as
entrance for the observer.
E.g. Shalemoore
Roundabout and Junctions
at corporation St. (Ring
roads).
Clock Tower, Green lane
Upper Don River
Ball Bridge (Woodytyke, 2011)
Elements that isolate place and prevent them from isolating
with neighbourhood.
Features that prohibit movement movements and views e.g.
River don, Penistone rd. to Corporation Street.
Densely developed river frontage e.g. Cornish place.
Chimney House
Mowbray St. Old Industrial Workshops
(Google Maps 2014).
Ball St.
Shalemoore Roundabout.
Corporation St.
Google Map, 2014
River Don.
Google Map, 2014
Penistone Rd.
O P P U R T U N I T I E SThe site analysis provided an understanding of key-land uses of related sites and there influences to Little Kelham
site. Numerous Strengths and opportunities have been identified as well as potential for future development of
Kelham island Quarter as identified (part. 4.6) by the Sheffield City Council.
Brownfield site with walkable distance to city
center. Close to Sheffield universities.
Potential of promoting Sustainable means of
transport. Permeability of accessing site could
be enhanced by opening more entrance from
roads.
Tram services could serve as main transport
mode to connect the site with city.
PROXIMITY TO MAIN ROADS AND
TRAM SERVICES
HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE WITH
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER BUILDINGS
FLEXIBLE SPACES POTENTIAL
DEVELOPEMENT
TOURISM
KELHAM RIVERSIDE
The Regeneration of the scheme in
Little Kelham creates room for the
Kelham Square full utilization.
The Three (3) crossings (Iron and
Borough bridge) will potentially exalt
the character of the Kelham quarter
and solve traffic issues
Prominent Riverside location with good river frontage.
Potential development of riverside to provide improved
public access and employment. (Kelham Island
Neepsend Action plan 2008).
Riverside walks will create Attractive corridor, and
communal space.
Kelham Brewery, Kelham Fat and Kelham
Island Tavern attracts tourist complimenting
the reputation of the area.
Creation of more Job opportunities and
industry. Amenities are dispersed all over the
site. This compliments the proposed
development.
A cultural and lively community exist
The Historic environment is a shared resource.
(Principle 1.1). People value the historic
environment as part of their cultural natural
heritage. It reflects knowledge, beliefs and
tradition of diverse communities
3
4
Following a site visit and analysis of the case study area, several problems have been identified such as: connectivity and
movement, Poor integration of natural built environments, lack of public realm-open spaces and degree of perceived crime
and safety.
THREATS & WEAKNESSES
ACCESS AND CONNECTIVITY
Discontinuity of pedestrian walk making street less accessible. (Cull de sac and ginnels).
Dense traffic from Shalemoore tram stops to Ball Street.
Uneven provision of Cycle lanes.
Lack of Public transport in Kelham areas. This impedes circulation to other areas.
Parking Issues. Traffic congestion as a result of on-Street parking which impede pedestalization and
traffic flow.
The pavement of roads and pedestrian footpaths are unmanaged and in poor
condition (cracks and uneven surfaces).
Litters are dispersed as a result of insufficient Bin relatively distributed.
Industrial contaminations – Flood risk – Below ground contamination.
Unmanaged environment – uncontrolled ecology in river. Litter, invasive plant
species all featured in riverside.
Spaces with low priority-as a result of past industrial activities – this disrupts the
community interaction resulting to less vibrant environment.
Kelham Square is not utilized as semi-public space. No leisure activities carried out
presently.
Limited accessibility to the area from neighbouring community. Only three (3) vehicular accesses to
the area (Shalemoor roundabout, junction at cooperation s. and Rutland).
Poor infrastructure - Paths with no clear definition as a result of poor signage.
LACK OF FORMAL PUBLIC SPACE
LOW MAINTENANCE FOR STREET FURNITURE
PROXIMITY TO CRIME
Street furniture – poor lighting on streets. This develops an unsafe feeling to
residents.
Dilapidated and abandoned historic buildings. English heritage risk Register 10th
Oct. [English Heritage- Heritage at Risk Register]. Pg. 114. Creates avenues for anti-
social behaviour (prostitution n drug abuse) Cases of vandalism upturn the rate
of violence and crime.
Public realm: “the parts of a town or city where people can gain unrestricted
access to see pass through, meet, use and enjoy.”
Rob Cowan – Dictionary of Urbanism (2005).
LOST SPACES :
Neglected Riverside
development
AMENITIES AND SERVICES
These are unfavourable Spaces that do no Integrate well with its immediate
environment e.g. River Don and Brooklyn works development.
Kelham riverside (Google
Map 2014).
Grocery stores are not evenly dispersed in the area. As discussed in Walkscore.com the closet grocery
store is TESCO EXPRESS.
No evidence of banking service, post office, health care centers. This creates a major decline to the
area property market.
Street parking in Bowling Green
Lane. Next to Cornwall work.
Poor maintenance of infrastructure at
Green lane
Wharncliffe works. Poor Signage at
Cornish street.
Google Map, 2014
Dark areas and abandoned historic
building (Izu Ozoh, 2014).
5
The following section will evaluate the context for the scheme, following a study on the SWOT. It
carries out an urban analysis on the context adopted in the development of this industrial site as
described by CITU, alongside policies/guidelines that informed the design. (UDC 2004). Pt. 4.6,
pg. 150).
URBAN ANALYSIS: THE CONTEXT HISTORY AND HERITAGE IS AT THE HEART OF KELHAM
Achieving the above quality, the building for life Model was adopted- a
standard endorsed by CABE for well-designed homes and neighbourhoods.
These and other relevant set theory, Informed the LITTLE KELHAM DESIGN
PRINCIPLES based. These use a set methodology and scoring system to
determine the Vison set for the Kelham Island Quarter in Part. 4.6 (UDC.
2004).
“New development should be governed by the existing Urban typology and
any changes must respect the context - its character, architectural form
and street pattern” – (UDC 2004.pt. 3.1, para 3. pg. 42)
The Leeds based developer - CITU, proposed the scheme on three (3)
robust principles. These will be evaluated in the next section.
THEORY & CONTEXT:
As illustrated by the UDP (MU9 -1998, pg. 13). The UDP predominantly designated Kelham Island
as an area of special character - a mixed used area with small pockets of general industry.
The Sheffield city centre Urban Design compendium – UDC – 2004. Acknowledged the role of
Kelham in Sheffield industrial heritage and the demand for greater interaction with new built and
the river.
Hence, an Action plans was designed for KELHAM ISLAND & the whole of the city centres
Quarters (PPS12, Para. .230) –this plans delivers a finer-grain of planning policy responding to
local discussion and development demand for the Kelham area. It also provides general
guidance on scale, materials and massing of new developments in this character area in
accordance to Sheffield Development Framework – (core strategy policy CS74)
The need for local community involvement in development Review is imperative as discussed by
English heritage (2005, pg. 6). Following a consultation with the local community in October 2006,
a summary of needs were noted for Kelham Island:
Resident prefers to see retention and re-use of architectural historically important buildings.
Solve issues of anti-social behaviour, crime, litter, traffic and parking and lack of open
space. Kelham Neepsend Action Plan 2009
OVERVIEW :
SHEFFIELD AND CABE – A BUILDING FOR LIFE MODEL : In Sheffield, excellence in Residential design quality involves making places that meets the needs
of everyone, whilst also delivering places that are accessible, attractive, and enable residents to
reduce their impact on the environment. (Sheffield city council 2014).
Kelham Conservation Quarter Analysis, Sheffield city council 2014
CITU & LITTL E KELHAM
3
COMMUNITY SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN DESIGN:
As discussed in Sheffield Unitary Development Plan (UDP, MU9 – 19918, pg. 13), intended to
provide a boost to the residential property market in Sheffield and offer a timely fillip for private
sector regeneration . The design consists of different house types with mixed-tenures designed
to vary the mix at Kelham and to break the mould of concentration of a single house type of
housing type. 107 houses are being built alongside some retail and leisure outlets and
commercial spaces for creative
: SUSTAINABILTY
Ensuring the proposition of the SCC (pt. 3.2. pg. 71) concerning REUSE, ADAPT AND RESTORE –
(UDC. 2004 pt. 3.1, pg. 42 para. 3), a Degree of intervention was created to guide the
rejuvenation of this industrial quarter. This provides various levels of intervention required for the
character areas. The Digitally led-homes were built to passiveHaus standard-A global
benchmark for low energy and features the Refurbishment of two (2) 19th century Victorian
buildings – Eagle works and Green lane works.
COMMUNITY:
The design Compliments existing community and creates new community- creating communal
spaces. It delivers new Workplaces, gardens that invite working class and family occupants.
Lastly, it creates districts to the city both in a physical sense, cultural and social way, becoming
a hub for community projects.
“The concept behind Little Kelham is to create an area of sustainable housing
which not only achieves high levels of energy efficiency but also encourages a
sense of community, helping breathe New-life into a previously disused area”. –
Chris Thompson CITU 2014.
Model of little Kelham. Yorkshire post (2013).
6
URBAN DESIGN CONTEXT OF SITE
This tends to provide an understanding
on how the medieval industrial street has
transformed and how it influenced the
Design of the site. E.g. Alma and
Mowbray St.
CONNECTION
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
DESIGN LAYOUT
Distinct character area in the Conservation area
is Mowbray St. and Green lane an understanding.
Main St. is Green Lane, Mowbray and Alma St.
.
Following a study in the areas historical Map, The
intensification of industry in the area resulted to
displacement of its local population.
N Little Kelham New route lays
parallel to river, echoing past
industrial setting of the place.
Aligns to the sinuous pattern of
site and creates new connection
to existing.
N
According to CABE (2007), A New development
should sit happily in the pattern existing
development and routes through and around it.
SPACES & ENCLOSURE
PHASES-2
Saw tooth roof echoing industry style and
complimenting new developments existing of its
local population.
“Sustainability is at the Heart of Kelham.” Alignment of
building to maximise North and South light. Low surface
area (Minimum Exposure) in terrace House design saving
energy e.g. BedZed London.
107 One-four Bedroom passive homes, as
well as Creative workspaces in the
refurbished Eagle works and Bakery
Phase 2: Green Lane works will be refurbished to
create around 50homes, a hotel, a bar and nursery
Contemporary MEWS STYLE designed with garages underneath
the gardens at the back with basement parking. Streets are
designed to have priority. E.g. Accordia Cambridge
New connections to existing street e.g. Alma St.
and Green Lane. Proximity to The Sheffield’s city
centre
BedZed London, St.
Little Kelham section. AJ 2012.
Green Lane works.
7
Design to maintain Grid style,
tight side-lines and courtyards
features derived from
adjacent St. E.g., Cornish St.
Large Expanse of Glass to admit light
with Active ground floor uses.
Street for all. Traffic
calming measures applied
in Mews lanes in Accordia.
Accordia Levitt (2007)
ANALYSIS
NEW DESIGN IN HISTORIC SITE
The Diagram above, briefly illustrates the principles
of introducing new interventions to any area of
special character. Below are guidelines to Designing
in Context:
Any New project should:
1.1 Relate well to Geography and history of
place and lie of the land e.g. Sheffield
peace garden.
2.1 Sit happily in the pattern of existing
development through and around it.
3.1 Respect important views
4.1 Respect scale of neighbouring buildings.
5.1 Use materials and building methods which
are as high in quality as those used in
existing buildings.
6.1 Create new views and juxtapositions which
add to the variety and texture of the setting.
As discussed in “New Design in Historic Setting” (2010) a new
intervention should be analysed using:
URBAN STRUCTURE,
URBAN GRAIN,
DENSITY AND MIX &
SCALE (HEIGHT AND MASSING)
These will be illustrated on the site design alongside the “CABE -
Building in Context” guidance.
CABE – Building in Context 2007, Pg. 16.
DENSITY AND MIX
New Streets are parallel to river and are
gridded. As a result of past industrial
activities -
URBAN GRAIN
URBAN STRUCTURE
SCALE
Saw tooth roof and black-brick wall echoes the soot-
stained walls of the original 19th –century factory buildings
echoing industry style and complimenting new
developments existing of its local population.
Existing sites were predominantly residential all-
over the area. To ensure a commercial presence
and consistency with SDF-core strategy 2009,
Mixed-use was developed by CITU.
Foundry Leeds
Accordia Cambridge, Levitt (2007)
OLD MEETS NEW: Predominantly 2-5 storeys in
the area. The New intervention compliments
the existing in form and Design materials. (See
CABE 5.1)
Mixed use Little Kelham
Rounds Foundry, Levitt (2007)
These were achieved in site by adopting
the UDP and Action Plan 2008 to access
the need of the area.
Rounds foundry Foyer, Levitt (2007)
As discussed in CABE 5.1. Cutting-edge technology and
modern materials are all used moderately and sustainably
to increase knowledge of the past history of the place.
8
Mixed use Little
Kelham- CITU
INNOVATIVE ADAPTIVE RE-USE.
The Accordia
Cambridge was
designed following
three (3) strong natural
corridors of trees on the
brownfield site.
Accordia Levitt (2007)
Brick used Action Plan with mix of new
materials that weaves into the history of
Cambridge.
RECOMMENDATION FOR SITE DESIGN
Footbridge linking character areas. This includes reusing the existing Green lane
work as a heritage gateway.
Adequate pedestrainisation, creating new views (Riverside walk) and
rejuvenating open spaces for communal meeting.
Adopting signage and Street furniture to increase legibility of site to residence
and visitors. This creates a public realm which could serve as a passive method
of reducing crime.
According to Principle 3.3 of the English heritage:
“In order to identify the significance of place, it is imperative to understand its fabric,
and how and why it has changed over time, and then consider:
Who values the place, and why they do so.
How those values relate to its fabric
Their relative importance
Whether associated objects contribute to them
Thee contribution made by the setting and context of the place
How the place with others sharing similar values.”
In order to suggest improvement to the site, its character (what makes it special to
people) needs to be ascertained to derive its “Genius Loci – Sprit of place”
The architecture of Sheffield was to re-emphasises the island identity and the history
of water power. The maintenance of industry is important in and and around
Kelham as it has defined the areas special character.
Following the American Institutes of Architects (AIA) principles of liveability (2005):
PEDESTRAINIZATION
FOOTBRIDGE LINKING
CHARACTER AREAS
Adopting the principles of
Permeability (Bentley, et al
1985). The footbridge will
connect: Mowbray St., Kelham
Museum, and Greenlane Lane
via the little Kelham site
SIGNAGE & STREET FURNITURE
Bridge serve as a part of the
heritage trail through the area, tis
could provide economic
advantage to the museum and
improve access to transport. The
Spectacular Gateway Arch (Green
Lane works) – will be adopted for
residence and visitors to explore as
it provides neighbourhood identity.
Ideal View: Cambus o’May
Victorian Bridge. Built across the
River Dee in Scotland. (Flickr 2013).
Green lane works 2012.
GENIUS LOCI – “SPIRIT OF PLACE ”
Elbor hall works 2012.
Communal Meeting space
Addison Circle, Texas US
(Sasaki.com, 2014)
Varying transportation
options and creating
avenues to engage
with the river. And other
semi-public space e.g.
Kelham square
Accordia Street
furniture (Izu Ozoh,
2013).
Poor Signage at Green Lane (Izu
Ozoh, 2014).
Design on Human Scale.
Provide choices,
Encourage mixed use development,
Preserve Urban centre,
Vary transportation options,
Build vibrant public spaces,
Create a Neighbourhood identity,
Protect Environmental resources,
Conserve Landscape and
Design matters.
RECOMENDATION FOR KELHAM
9
HERITAGE AND POLICY CONTEXT
ACTION PLANS:
English Heritage (Government adviser on historic environment) developed conservation
principles, policies and guidance – PPG15 “Planning and the historic c environment
(currently rewritten as PPS) refers primarily to the legislation Planning Act 190 (‘The Act’). PPG
inform and advice local authorities involved with sustainable management of England’s
historic environment.
The Act (Act (Listed Buildings and conservation areas) discusses -1990) reviews other
National policies and local policies for listed buildings and conservation areas: National
Planning Policy and framework (NPPF and Sheffield UDP).
Furthermore, Local authorities should express in their core strategy how their broad strategy
for conservation is integrated with other polices and then locally applied in the building of
specific local sustainable communities and places.
Planning Act (1990) section 69 (1) (a
OVERVIEW :
NPPF-SECTION 12: According to Principle 4.6 (New work and Alteration) of the English heritage
(2005, pg. 22).
“New work should aspire to a quality of design and execution which may be
valued both now and in the future. Respecting the significance of a place in its
setting”
The Design at little Kelham has carefully observed guidance on “building in
context” and plugged into the core strategy for the site. It pays homage to
Sheffield city past industry regime and considers core principles: Materials,
sustainability, urban grain, and community. The concepts respect the
previous view (CABE, 2004) and deliver new views to the area.
National Planning Policy Framework – Conserving and enhancing the historic environment (NPPF
Sect. 12. Para. 126, 127& 131), defines the role of local authority on the sustaining and
enhancing significant heritage assets in the conservation area.
The Sheffield city historic character is derived from its legendary association with steel, cutlery
and silverware industries and English heritage worked with the Sheffield city council since the
launch of Action Sheffield 1999 to Identify and conserve the best of Sheffield’s metal trade built
heritage (historic Environment).the main aim to ensure Sheffield unique industrial heritage
plays its part in the regeneration of the city.
The act demands local authorities to create Local development. Frameworks
(LDFs) and relevant appraisals for designation/special interest. (PPS 12 – Para. 2.9)
As discussed by the Area action plans (PPS12– para 2.7). This developed
Sheffield Urban Design Compendium. A document that informs and appraises
the City Plan Development, Sheffield development framework (SDF) and City
Centre Guidance.
In accordance to principle 4.2 By English heritage (2008, pg. 22). The city centre
strategy (1994) identified eleven (11) city centre quarters (Kelham Island
industrial Quarter) with Principles and guidance on intervention (Conservation))
when carry out maintenance and regeneration (UDC pt. 3.2).
THE POLICY & LITTLE KELHAM :
10
11
CONCLUSION
Inner-city living is becoming more valuable to people who want to retain the work-life
balance without lengthy traveling times (Clare Burnett, 2013). The distinct prospect of
homes with gardens in the city centre is outstanding, and this site has attracted an
encouraging interest. The development delivers sustainable principles: an Ideal site
location with proximity to amenities, breathing life into old buildings, reducing carbon
footprint and improving quality of life.
Considering the theme below, the purposes of this study was to evaluate a design of an
historic site/building within a contemporary regeneration area using a case study site
(Kelham Island):
1. Urban design and context and the
2. Incorporating New Build within an historical context.
Referring to relevant urban design theory, conservation guidelines and other related case
studies. These provided a broad knowledge. Understanding:, the relevant history of
Sheffield and Sheffield metal trades sites, urban character of Sheffield, significant theory
of urban design and conservation governing the historical environment, making
practicable judgement of design in any given place or setting and detailed terminology
in relating to the historic environment.
The current development on the site (little Kelham) is purpose driven and meets the need
of the local community. It variety in house-types and design is distinct and breaks the
mould of previous developments at Kelham. Following the recent plans by the Sheffield
city council (Kelham Neepsend action plan 2009), other recommendations have been
illustrated in this study to improve the liveliness and grandeur of the site.
Generally, the scheme (little Kelham) illustrates robust design outcomes, which are:
1. The possibility of introducing highly contemporary architecture in a brownfield site
while
2. Re-using existing buildings and successfully incorporating various uses and amenities.
The site is undergoing major urban regeneration. It has received three (3) different
design proposals and secured design planning permission. These have attracted
the services of various disciplines. Such as:
1. Archaeologist
2. Architects/Landscape architects
3. Structural engineers
4. Planning consultants
5. Heritage consultants
6. Project manager and Quantity surveyor
7. Housing and Planning officers
8. Regeneration specialist
Archaeologist and environmentalist- as an industrial sites dating back to the 12th
century, there are possibilities of ancient relics and deposits on the site
(Underground contamination), Architects – the Raven group/ Axis architects have
previously developed the riverside area and museum – walk area. Currently,
Sturgeon North Architects are working on the little Kelham site, Heritage
consultants – As a conservation area. They advise English heritage on general
condition of Yorkshire listed buildings and heritage assets as discussed by the ‘the
star’ (tammy Whitaker, 2013), planning consultants - carryout decisions new
development of the area, they check if application made are spirited to the
character of the area. On public sectors Side—housing officers and Planning
officers, regeneration specialist. The site has seen the prosperity of many urban
redevelopments, students accommodation etc.; this public sectors make
valuable assessments accordingly.
Further information can be acquired from The Kelham Neepsend Action plan
2008 (Sheffield city council). It illustrates the potential development of the site and
related areas following Sheffield city core strategy CS74 with basic timeframe.
WHO INFLUENCED THE SITE?
12. Bentley, Ian et al (1985). Introducing responsive environments: A manual for
designer. Oxford architectural press. Pg.9-11
13. Lynch, K (1960).the city image and its elements: the image of the city.
Massachusetts, MIT press p.46-90.
14. Trancik, R, (1980). The Theories of Urban Spatial Design. Finding Lost space.
Newyork: Van Nostrand, pg. 97-124
15. CLARE BURNETT 2013. Help-To-Buy Scheme fuels interest in Sheffield’s little
Kelham Development. BDAILY BUSSINESS NEWS.26TH OCT. 2013 [Online].
https://bdaily.co.uk/industrials/26-11-2013/help-to-buy-scheme-fuels-interest-in-
sheffields-little-kelham-development/
16. Developer gives the lowdown on appeal of houses. SHARON DALE. 29th April 2013. 10:27.
http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/yorkshire-living/leisure-fashion/homes/developer-gives-the-
lowdown-on-appeal-of-houses-1-5625217
17. English Heritage (2008) - Conservation Principles policies and guidance for
the sustainable management of the historic environment. London, Water house
square. Pg. 9-46
18. American Institute of Architects (AIA)2005 – What makes a community
liveable? – Liveability 101. Pg. 9. Washington.
19. CABE (2007) – Building in Context. Tower building. London
20. The Scottish Government 2010- New design in Historic Settings. Pg. 9-20. Elder
and Canon Glasgow.
21. Sheffield City council 2004.SHEFFIELD URBAN DESIGN COMPEDIUM. Pg. 99- 146
22. Sheffield City council. Kelham Island Neepsend Aection Plan 2008. Pg. 11-31
12
REFERENCE
1. Bentley, Ian et al (1985). Introducing responsive environments: A
manual for designer. Oxford architectural press. Pg.9-11
2. Lynch, K (1960).the city image and its elements: the image of the city.
Massachusetts, MIT press p.46-90.
3. Trancik, R, (1980). The Theories of Urban Spatial Design. Finding Lost
space. Newyork: Van Nostrand, pg. 97-124
4. CLARE BURNETT 2013. Help-To-Buy Scheme fuels interest in Sheffield’s
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