4G Networks
Aditya Kowtha
Recap Of All The ‘G’s’ 0G : First signs of Wireless Telephony Technology in play
1G : Almost all systems of this generation were analog systems with voice being the most common traffic (AMPS)
2G : Successor of 1G. Digital Cell Technology which makes use of Time Division Multiple Access (GSM)
3G : Wide Area Cellular Telephone networks which evolved to incorporate high-speed internet access and video telephony (CDMA 2000)
More about 3G It provides for transmission speeds up to 384 kbps and
download speeds up to 144kbps
3G has greater capacity and better spectrum efficiency than 2G networks
The popular 3G standards are CDMA 2000 and WCDMA
The global 3G subscriber base accounts for only 6.7% of the overall customer base
UMTS is a very popular 3G standard and is capable of operating at 2.1Ghz
What’s wrong with 3G?? Cost involved in upgrading the base stations to
be compatible with 3G is very high
Base stations need to be close to each other
Very high spectrum licensing costs and tremendous network deployment costs
3G cannot support Bluetooth Based WAN networks due to bandwidth restrictions
Motivation for 4G before 3G has been fully deployed 3G performance may not be sufficient to meet
needs of future high-performance applications like multi-media, full-motion video, wireless teleconferencing
There are multiple standards for 3G making it
difficult to roam and interoperate across networks. Global mobility and service portability are of utmost importance
Need for a digital packet network that utilizes IP in its fullest form with converged voice and data capability
Motivation for 4G before 3G has been fully deployed Researchers have come up with spectrally more
efficient modulation schemes that can not be retrofitted into 3G infrastructure
3G is based on primarily a Wide-area concept. We need hybrid networks that utilize both wireless LAN (hot spot) concept and cell or base-station wide area network design
Increased need for Wider Bandwidth
What is 4G anyways?? A 4G system will be able to provide a
comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations
4G is being developed to accommodate QoS and bandwidth requirements set by forthcoming applications like wireless broadband access, MMS, Mobile TV,HDTV content etc
Ideally, 4G aims at providing a lowest bandwidth of 100 Mbps and can go up to 1 Gbps
Features of 4G Networks: An “All IP” Digital Packet Switched Network
High network capacity allowing more users per cell
Smooth handoffs across heterogeneous networks
Interoperability between existing wireless standards
Seamless connectivity and Global roaming across multiple networks
A data rate of at least 100 Mbps between any two points in the world
Features of 4G Networks Uses IPv6 addresses
Exceeds the coverage range of 3G networks by ten times
Enables full interactive video services
A focus on 4G Networks
Comparison of 3G and 4G NetworksFeature 3G and 2.5G
Networks4G Networks
Driving Architecture Predominantly voice driven
Converged Data and Voice over IP
Network Architecture Wide Area-Cell Based Hybrid-Integration of Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) and WAN
Speeds 384kbps to 2Mbps 20Mbps to 100 MbpsBandwidth 5 to 20 MHz 100 MHzSwitching Design Basis
Circuit and Packet Switched
All digital packetized voice
IP A number of air link protocols including IP 5.0
All IP (IP 6.0)
Components of 4G Networks Access Schemes: 4G Networks use OFDMA
access schemes
IPv6: 4G will be based on packet switching only. This will require low-latency data transmission
Advanced Antenna Systems
Software Defined Radio (SDR): The goal of this design is to produce a radio that can receive and transmit a new form of radio protocol just by running new software.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)
An All IP 4G Network Architecture
Challenges for 4G Networks
Design Considerations for 4G Networks How to achieve the ALL IP functionality??
How to achieve mobility and smooth handoffs??
How to achieve Quality of Service??
Initial Solution to Fast Handover
Handover Signal Flow
QoS in 4G Networks Goal: Reliable Support for End-to-End IP QoS
Challenges and Requirements:
Allocate and Control resources in the access networks
Maintain User Connectivity and QoS while user is on the move
Make security, mobility and QoS work together
QoS Broker Functionality:
Q0S Architecture
Active Corporate Progress in 4G Networks Sprint Nextel announces Wi-Max as the next 4G
Technology Platform in collaboration with Intel, Samsung and Motorola
A nationwide broadband wireless network servicing 100 million customers will be ready by 2008
The 4G Mobility Network will be using Sprint’s exclusive 2.5GHz channel to deliver high quality services to customers
Verizon is also actively moving towards deployment of 4G Mobile Networks
What is needed to build 4G Networks of the future?? Integration among different Network Topologies
Non disruptive Implementation and Migration
Standardization of Wireless Networks
More coordination among Spectrum Regulators
Lower Price points slightly higher than the available alternatives
Cons of 4G Networks Too many current 3G standards delay migration
to 4G networks
4G networks are not backward compatible
Require advanced handsets with faster processors to handle advanced voice and video services
A lot of handover problems exist with current 3G and 2G networks
Conclusion Although 4G Networks offer a lot of promise,
there is a long way to go before we can experience their full potential. At this point of time, it is just an abstract potentially feasible idea which will take care of the shortcomings in the previous and current generations of Wireless Mobile Technology
References http://www.4g.co.uk/PR2006/2063.htm http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4GVision&Technolo
gies.htm http://www.ee.usyd.edu.au/~rkibria/Research.htm http://mobilesociety.typepad.com/mobile_life/200
6/12/the_daidalus_pr.html http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=647153.716
819 http://www.techrepublic.com http://www.wikipedia.com http://www.google.com
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