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A Smart-Grid Simulatorretargeting VCS/VMM technology
Srikanth Jadcherla
Vishwanath. S
Jyothsna. K
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Agenda
Smart Grid Overview
Project Goal and Progress
Project Details
Results
Demo
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Smart Grid in one slide..
Regulatory pressures on loads
Clean, local energy
Climate change
Energy Gap
Energy Security
Energy Star
Dynamic revenue
Loss reduction
Direct DC
All of these require real time communication between generators, loads and transmission networks Smart Grid
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Old Grid vs. New
All AC grid- customer view
High Capacity generators, isolated
No load-supply negotiation
Unilateral power outages
Minimal energy measurement
AC, Direct DC
Interspersed low-medium generation
Smart RT load-supply negotiation
Dynamic, Interactive load shedding
Sophisticated energy monitoring/reporting
This calls for very sophisticated communication
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Smart Grid is the new “BUS”
1 MW 700 MW
Washing machine
TV/ DVR/ PCMixed Signal SOC + S/WMixed Signal SOC + S/W
CentralPower Mgmt.
This system can be predictively modeled with VCS/VMM
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Smart Grid Simulator Objectives Retarget VCS/VMM to create a flexible,
extensible simulator/model of a large city- Use Verilog/SystemVerilog to model appliances,
homes, offices, cities, generators etc. – all grid components
- Constrained random techniques to create realistic event profiles e.g. Cloudy days, refrigerator open-close
- Create reference architectures and protocols• Focus on macro level, home/office managers,
end-device managers
Help to predict metrics on grid characteristics
- Stability- Command/response studies - Revenue management models
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Agenda
Smart Grid Overview
Project Goal and Progress
Project Details
Results
Demo
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Project Goal
Build a behavioural model of a city.
Create a standard, extensible framework
Standardize Home controller IP and protocol
Get requirements from potential partners/customers
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Project Progress
Work Completed– Behavioral model of a home/colony
• 6 devices modeled per home• Home controller developed• Extensible models to build a colony • SystemVerilog used for design and testbench
What next – Behavioral models for a neighborhood/city– VMM for verification
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Agenda
Smart Grid Overview
Project Goal and Progress
Project Details
Results Demo
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Hierarchical Distribution of a Home
HOME
GARAGE FMLY. ROOM KITCHEN M.BEDROOM CH. BEDROOM OFFICE
WATER HEATER
AIR HEATER/COOLER
WASHING MACHINE
DRYER
VACUUM CLEANER
LIGHTS
DOOROPENER
TV
DVD PLAYER
DVR
GAME SETS
LIGHTS
MUSIC SYSTEM
SET TOP BOX/RECIEVER
FRIDGEMICROWAVEOVENTOASTERMIXER/BLENDERCOFFEE MAKER
ELECTRIC STOVE LIGHTS
ELECTRIC KETTLESDISHWASHER
LIGHTS
TV*
FRIDGE*
FANS/ COOLERS
COMPUTER
FANS/ COOLERS
LIGHTS
COMPUTERS/LAPTOPS
MODEMS
ROUTERS
PRINTERS/SCANNERS
SOLAR PVs DG SETS INVERTERS
MISC. : WATER PURIFIERS, AIR CONDITIONERS(centralized), GEYSERS, ELECTRIC IRON, BLOW / HAIR DRYERS etc.
* indicates OPTIONAL appliances
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Smart Grid enabled home interface view
Grid Interface
HOME CONTROLLER
DEVICE1 DEVICE4DEVICE3DEVICE2
User Inputs
Device Response
Device Response
smart
pwr_on
pwr_consumed
HOMECNTRL
Device
smart_ack
Standard device interface and protocol
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What we have built :Energy models/use profiles for devicesLanguage : Verilog
Similar to SDPD .lib models
Door open : 100WCompressor : 700 WFreezer open : 65WFn (Ambient T, Setting T)
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What we have built :Smart Mode/Green Ring “hardware”Language : Verilog
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clk
pwr_on
smart
load
main_pwr
wash_ time integer
override
respond
integerpwr_consumed_wm
dry_time integer
smart_ack
rinse_time integer done
WASHING MACHINE
Interface of a Washing Machine
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Specifications
A washing machine has three stages of operation, viz, washing, rinsing and drying
Each stage consumes different amount of power,typically,
filling+agitating(washing) – 400 watts
filling+pumping (rinsing) – 350 watts
spin drying – 800 watts
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‘main_pwr’ is the power on/off signal at the device level, issued by the user
‘pwr_on’ is the power on/off signal from the ‘home controller’, issued considering the allowed power limitations
‘smart’ is the smart control signal ‘load’ describes the volume of the load (small,
medium,large,extra large)which would in turn specify the power consumed by each action
‘wash_time’ is the time duration for wash cycle ‘rinse_time’ is the duration for rinse cycle ‘dry_time’ is the duration for drying cycle
Specifications(contd.)
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‘override’ tells the system to proceed with the usual operation even when ‘smart’ is asserted
‘respond’ tells the system to respond to the ‘smart’ signal i.e., to go to the ‘low power’ mode
‘smart_ack’ is high when the device alters its usual operation as a response to the ‘smart’ signal
‘pwr_consumed_wm’ is the total power consumed by the washing machine in a particular state
‘done’ is high when the three processes, viz., washing, rinsing, drying are all finished and the machine is ready to consider new inputs
Specifications(contd.)
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OFF
ON /READ /
FILL
WASH
RINSE
DRY / SPIN
LOW POWER
smart=1 && override=0
smart=1 && override=0
Timer > wash/rinse_timeAND smart=0 || override=1
State Machine
smart=0 OR smart=1 && override=0
pwr_on && main_pwr
else
smart=1 && override=0 /1 && respond=0/1
smart=0 || smart=1 && override =1
smart=1 && override=0 && respond=1
smart=1 && override=0 && respond=1
smart=0 || smart=1 && override =1
smart=1 && override=0 /1 && respond=0/1
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OFF state is where either the ‘main_pwr’ or the ‘pwr_on’ signal is low, and the device is not functional
ON (stand by)state is where the device reads the input values but does not perform any action
WASH is where the device washes for ‘wash_time’ minutes
RINSE is where the device rinses for ‘rinse_time’ minutes
DRY is where the device dries for ‘dry_time’ minutes LOW POWER is where the device performs wash and
rinse processes in a low power mode, wherein power consumption is low
States of a Washing Machine
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main_pwr pwr_on smart override respond State(Q(n+1))
x 0 x x x OFF
0 x x x x OFF
1 1 0 x x ON / Qn
1 1 1 1 0 Qn
1 1 1 0 1
LOW_POWER
1 1 1 1 1 ON
1 1 1 0 0 ON
Response table
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What we have built :A home controller “IP” moduleLanguage : Verilog
Smart homecontroller
Addition to Smart meters/home
monitors
Non Trivial – interface, protocol,
over rides etc.
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Interface of a Home Controller
clksmart
pwr_oncentral_override
integer
integer
integer
[6:1] smart_device
pwr_contr [6:1]
total_pwrinteger
pwr_consumed_t
allowed_pwr
indicator
pwr_consumed_tv
pwr_consumed_wm
pwr_consumed_fan
pwr_consumed_ac
pwr_consumed_oven
main_pwr_t main_pwr_tv
main_pwr_wm
main_pwr_fanmain_pwr_ac
main_pwr_oven
HOME CONTROLLER
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Inputs:
‘pwr_on’ is the power on/off signal to the home controller. ‘smart’ is the external smart ‘control’ signal ‘central_override’ is the signal to override external ‘smart’
and ‘allowed_pwr’ limitations ‘main_pwr_t,main_pwr_ac,main_pwr_wm,main_pwr_ove
n,main_pwr_tv,main_pwr_fan’ are the power on/off signals at the device levels, issued by the user, for the 6 devices respectively
‘pwr_consumed_t,pwr_consumed_ac,pwr_consumed_tv,pwr_consumed_wm,pwr_consumed_fan,pwr_consumed_oven’ are the 6 integers specifying the instantaneous power consumed by each device
Specifications
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‘allowed_pwr’ is the maximum power consumption that can be allowed at any instant. It is generated by a central control authority
Outputs: ‘smart_device’ is a 6-bit signal, each bit pertaining to one
device, which is asserted when the external ‘smart’ signal is asserted
‘pwr_contr’ is an array of 6, 1-bit values which are power on/off signals to the devices(in the order of their priority) from the home controller, issued depending on the (total_pwr + PEAK_PWR[i] <= allowed_pwr) condition
‘indicator’ goes high when ‘smart_device’ is asserted and the power is still not within the ‘allowed_pwr’ limits
Specifications (contd.)
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What we have built :A randomized neighborhood simulationLanguage : SystemVerilog
Testbench/ Grid Controller LayerCreate various conditions and study responses
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Example 1 : Grid reduces allowed power Devices get “throttled”
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Smart is high and override low, total power is getting reduced.Smart and override are high, total power is high.
Example 1 : Grid asserts smart mode Devices get “throttled” to Min Power, until user “Override”.)
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Agenda
Smart Grid Overview
Project Goal and Progress
Project Details
Results Demo
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Scenario 1 : power consumption of a home
Power(watts)
Time (10 units = 1 hr.)
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Scenario 1 :power consumption profile with smart
Power(watts)
Time (10 units = 1hr)
smart = 1
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Scenario 1 :comparison of power consumption (with and without smart)
Power (watts)
Time (10 units = 1hr)
5 devices operating in low power mode5 devices operating in low power mode
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Scenario 1 : power consumption profile with both smart and override
Time (10 units = 1hr)
Power(watts)
Smart asserted
override smart
Override = 0,smart mode
resumes
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Scenario 1 : comparison of power consumption with smart
( with and without override)
Power(watts)
Time (10 units = 1hr)
smart = 1
Smart asserted
override smart
Override = 0,smart mode
resumes
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Time
Power(watts)
(10 units = 1hr)
Scenario 1 : Comparison of total power consumed by 5 homes ( with and without smart)
smart = 1
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Time (10 units = 1 hr)
Power(watts)
Scenario2 : Comparison of total power consumed by 5 homes( with both smart and override)
smart = 1
override = 1
Smart asserted
override smart
Override = 0,smart mode
resumes
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Agenda
Smart Grid Overview
Project Goal and Progress
Project Details
Results Demo
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The simulation is assumed to run for 24 hours
Considering 100 clock cycles as 1 hr, the simulation runs
for 2400 clock cycles
Washing machine : it is turned on thrice a day,
randomly between 6 am to 10 am, 12 noon to 2 pm and
7 pm to 9 pm i.e., 600 to 1000 and 1900 to 2100 cycles
Toaster : it is turned on 5 times randomly between 7 am
to 10 am i.e., 700 to 1000 clock cycles
Television : it is turned on 20 times randomly between
8am to 12 am i.e., between 800 to 2400 cycles
Time profile of devices
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Air conditioner : it is turned on 5 times randomly between 12pm to 4pm, 10pm to 12 am and 12am to 4 am i.e., 1200 to 1600, 2200 to 2400, 00 to 400 cycles
Fan : it is turned on 20 times randomly between 7am to 10 pm and is constantly turned on between 10pm to 6 am
i.e., 700 to 2200 – random on/off
2200 to 2400 and 00 to 600 – on
Oven : it is turned on 10 times randomly between 7 am to 10 am, 1 pm to 3 pm and 7 pm to 9 pm i.e., 700 to 1000, 1300 to 1500, 1900 to 2100 cycles
Time profile of devices (contd.)
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Smart Grid Simulator– Main modeling capability– Can do a small neighborhood now
Power Models for appliances
Green mode “state machines” for appliances
Home controller AND interface/protocol
Just to recap : we have new “babies”
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