AAAHHHHH!!!!
Climate Change
Climate
Physical properties of the troposphere of an area based on analysis of its weather records over a long period
Two main deciding factors are Temperature and Precipitation
Natural Greenhouse Effect
Absorption of Infrared radiation from the surface of the earth by greenhouse gases.
Absorbed heat is emitted in all directions, including toward the earth’s surface.
Natural greenhouse gasses with largest the concentrations:
- Water vapor
- Carbon dioxide
Carbon Cycle
Atmospheric CO2
Photosynthesis
Plants
Death and decomposition
Animals
Cellular Respiration Combustion
Fossil Fuels
Energy input and output
Energy comes into the system as solar radiation
Absorbed by the atmosphere
Absorbed by the earth
Input
Energy Output
IR radiation by earth
Sensible heat flux – convection or conduction
Latent heat flux – phase changes in water
Reflected by the atmosphere
Incoming solar radiation
Outgoing radiationShort wave Long wave (IR)
Absorbed by water vapor, dust, O3 (17)
Absorbed by clouds (3)
Absorbed
Back scattered
Reflected by clouds
Reflected by surface
Earth’s surface
Emission by clouds
Latent heat flux
Sensible heat flux
Space
AtmosphereNet emission by water vapor, CO2, O2
Absorption by clouds, water vapor, CO2, O2
7 16 8 9 40 20100
49
Enhanced Greenhouse Effect =
Global Warming
So where is the heat coming from?
Changes could be the result of :
1. Natural climate fluctuations
2. Human activities *
3. Combination of factors
Regardless of cause - affects could include:
-Availability of water resources by altering evaporation and precipitation
-Alter the structure and location of biomes
-Extinction of species
-Change sea levels
-Shift crop growing regions
So, what can we do about it?
calculator
Figure out how much of a problem we are.
Take action.
Polar Explorers
Will Steger
Eric Larson
Global Warming 101
• Individual actions
• Alternative Energy– Solar power– Wind power– Hydrogen
• Others
Now
We
Are
Changing
To
A
COMPLETELY
DIFFERENTSubject….
What’s the issue with ozone?
How are humans involved?
What are the results of the issue?
What can be done?
Ozone Depletion
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Ultraviolet light hits a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) molecule, such as CFCl3, breakingoff a chlorine atom and leaving CFCl2.
UV radiation
Sun
Once free, the chlorine atom is off to attack another ozone moleculeand begin the cycle again.
A free oxygen atom pulls the oxygen atom off the chlorine monoxide molecule to form O2.
The chlorine atom and the oxygen atom join to form a chlorine monoxide molecule (ClO).
The chlorine atom attacksan ozone (O3) molecule, pulling an oxygen atom off it and leaving an oxygen molecule (O2).
Cl
Cl
ClC
F
Cl
Cl
OO
Cl
OO
O
Cl
O
OO
ClO
O
Summary of ReactionsCCl3F + UV Cl + CCl2FCl + O3 ClO + O2
Cl + O Cl + O2
Repeated many times
Figure 18-26Page 473
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Figure 18-31Page 475
Human Health
• Worse sunburn
• More eye cataracts
• More skin cancers
• Immune system suppression
Food and Forests
• Reduced yields for some crops
• Reduced seafood supplies from reducedphytoplankton
• Decreased forest productivity forUV-sensitive tree species
Wildlife
• Increased eye cataracts in some species
• Decreased population of aquatic speciessensitive to UV radiation
• Reduced population of surfacephytoplankton
• Disrupted aquatic food webs from reducedphytoplankton
Air Pollution and Materials
• Increased acid deposition
• Increased photochemical smog
• Degradation of outdoor paints and plastics
Global Warming
• Accelerated warming because of decreasedocean uptake of CO2 from atmosphere byphytoplankton and CFCs acting asgreenhouse gases